CN111233435A - Glazed ceramic product and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Glazed ceramic product and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233435A CN111233435A CN202010213149.3A CN202010213149A CN111233435A CN 111233435 A CN111233435 A CN 111233435A CN 202010213149 A CN202010213149 A CN 202010213149A CN 111233435 A CN111233435 A CN 111233435A
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- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3445—Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/442—Carbonates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention discloses a point-glaze ceramic product and a preparation method thereof, wherein the point-glaze ceramic product comprises a ceramic body, and a ground glaze and a point glaze which are sequentially applied on the ceramic body, wherein the ground glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: albite, calcite, kaolin, zirconium silicate, mica, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and quartz; the spot glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: albite, Suzhou soil, manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide and sodium silicate. The invention selects the raw material compositions of the ceramic body, the ground glaze and the point glaze respectively, not only gives full play to the respective advantages, but also supplements and promotes each other, and solves the problems of poor bonding property between the glaze and the ceramic body, poor weather resistance, instability, low product qualification rate, high cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic artwork processing, in particular to a point-glaze ceramic product and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the ceramic industry, the treatment of ceramic waste materials becomes a difficult problem. The large amount of waste material produced in the ceramic industry pollutes the environment and the waste material disposal adds cost to the manufacturers.
The breakage rate of ceramic production is between 3% and 5%. As the ceramic fragments are difficult to weather for thousands of years and the waste products are difficult to treat, the ceramic waste not only increases the environmental protection cost of ceramic production enterprises, but also increases the production cost of the enterprises. The cost of recycling the damaged waste ceramics is higher than the cost of newly purchasing argil, so most ceramic construction enterprises are not willing to recycle the waste ceramics, and the waste of resources is caused to a certain extent.
Moreover, the strength and the wear resistance of the ceramic product made of the waste ceramic can not reach the same level before, the requirement of consumers can not be met, particularly for the ceramic product needing glazing, the combination between the glaze and the ceramic body is not good, the heat resistance and the cold resistance are poor and unstable, the product qualification rate is low, and the cost is high, so that the enterprise competitiveness is greatly reduced. In addition, the problems of mismatching between the ceramic body and the glaze, easy cracking, more waste products and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above situation, the invention aims to provide a point-glazed ceramic product and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the above problems. The invention selects the raw material compositions of the ceramic body, the ground glaze and the point glaze respectively, not only gives full play to the respective advantages, but also supplements and promotes each other, and solves the problems of poor bonding property between the glaze and the ceramic body, poor weather resistance, instability, low product qualification rate, high cost and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the glaze dispensing ceramic product comprises a ceramic blank body, and a ground glaze and a glaze dispensing sequentially applied on the ceramic blank body, wherein the ceramic blank body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of waste ceramic, 12-21 parts of carbonate, 14-22 parts of modified bentonite, 8-16 parts of magnesium-based montmorillonite, 7-15 parts of fluxing agent, 11-18 parts of albite, 5-18 parts of titanium dioxide, 8-15 parts of nano zirconium dioxide, 5-10 parts of talcum powder, 0-5 parts of zirconium silicate and 0-10 parts of auxiliary material;
the ground glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of albite, 15-25 parts of calcite, 12-28 parts of kaolin, 10-22 parts of zirconium silicate, 5-10 parts of mica, 10-15 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-25 parts of barium carbonate and 5-10 parts of quartz.
The spot glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of albite, 15-32 parts of Suzhou soil, 9-16 parts of manganese dioxide, 8-18 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide, 16-24 parts of aluminum oxide, 14-20 parts of potassium oxide and 0-8 parts of sodium silicate.
The ceramic body is prepared by selecting raw materials, optimizing the content of each raw material and selecting modified bentonite and magnesium-based montmorillonite in a proper proportion, so that the advantages of the raw materials are fully exerted, the raw materials complement each other and promote each other, and the prepared point-glaze ceramic product has excellent strength and wear resistance.
The fluxing agent is added into the ceramic body in a proper proportion, so that the waste ceramic and other raw materials can be quickly and fully mixed uniformly and are matched with other components, a good synergistic effect is achieved, and the strength of the glazed ceramic product is greatly improved.
The auxiliary materials are added into the raw materials of the ceramic body in a proper proportion, so that the invention has the characteristic of enhancing the bonding force among the raw materials, has good compatibility in the raw material system of the point-glazed ceramic product, is matched with other components, plays a good synergistic effect, improves the yield of the point-glazed ceramic product and is not easy to crack.
According to the invention, the nano zirconium dioxide with a proper proportion is added into the raw materials of the ceramic blank, and the nano zirconium dioxide can be uniformly filled in the pores of the ceramic artwork and is matched with other components, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, pores are eliminated, the sintering density is improved, and the anti-seismic performance and the strength of the point-glazed ceramic product are greatly improved.
According to the invention, albite and zirconium silicate are added in proper proportion into the ground glaze raw material of the ceramic glaze, so that the ceramic glaze can be well combined with a ceramic blank and is not easy to fall off, and meanwhile, the cold resistance and heat resistance stability of the glazed ceramic product are improved, and the glazed ceramic product is not easy to crack.
According to the invention, the albite and the sodium silicate are added into the point glaze raw material of the ceramic glaze material in a proper proportion, so that the ceramic glaze material can be well adsorbed on the ground glaze, the combination shape is good, and the ceramic glaze material is not easy to fall off, so that the point glaze ceramic product has good glossiness and uniform color.
Preferably, the modified bentonite is prepared by the following method: calcining bentonite at 350-500 ℃ for 3-5 hours, cooling, soaking in 20-30% sodium bicarbonate solution for 2-3 hours, filtering, cleaning with purified water, soaking in 15-25% acetic acid solution for 1-2 hours, filtering, cleaning with purified water, drying, and crushing to 100-150 meshes; and then adding high-temperature sand accounting for 35-40% of the weight of the bentonite, feldspar powder accounting for 12-20% of the weight of the bentonite and tungsten carbide powder accounting for 3-5%, mixing and stirring for 30-40 minutes, then adding a silane coupling agent accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the bentonite, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to obtain the bentonite-based composite material.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent is one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltris (β -methoxyethoxy) silane.
Preferably, the auxiliary material is a reinforcing agent or a water reducing agent.
Preferably, the reinforcing agent is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate and calcium sulfate, and the water reducing agent is sodium metasilicate.
Preferably, the carbonate is selected from one or more of tricalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and zinc carbonate.
Preferably, the fluxing agent is one or more of limestone, calcite, diopside, wollastonite, dolomite and talc.
The invention provides a preparation method of a point-glaze ceramic product, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a ceramic blank:
1) cleaning and drying the waste ceramic, then placing the waste ceramic into a ball mill for ball milling until the particle size is 130-150 meshes, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5-10% which is 35-40% of the weight of the waste ceramic, filtering and cleaning, then adding a sodium bicarbonate solution with the concentration of 5-15% which is 50-60% of the weight of the waste ceramic, filtering and cleaning, and drying at 200-250 ℃ to obtain a waste ceramic treatment material;
2) respectively weighing waste ceramic processing materials, carbonate, modified bentonite, magnesium-based montmorillonite, fluxing agent and albite according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and grinding until the particle size is 500-700 meshes to obtain a grinding material;
3) respectively weighing titanium dioxide, nano zirconium dioxide, talcum powder, zirconium silicate and auxiliary materials according to the weight parts, mixing and stirring uniformly, grinding until the particle size is 600-750 meshes, and adding water into the grinding material obtained in the step 2 to mix uniformly to obtain a mixture with the water content of 15-20%;
4) placing the mixture in a forming machine, and pressing and forming to obtain a formed green body;
5) placing the formed green body in a kiln, and firing and heating to ensure that the moisture content of the ceramic green body is below 3%;
B. preparing glaze:
6) preparing a ground glaze, namely weighing albite, calcite, kaolin, zirconium silicate, mica, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and quartz in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving by a 250-mesh sieve to obtain a ground glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.35-1.48 g/cm 3;
7) preparing a glaze dotting agent, namely weighing albite, Suzhou soil, manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide and sodium silicate in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain glaze dotting glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.38-1.45 g/cm 3;
C. glazing:
8) and uniformly applying the ground glaze slip on the ceramic blank, airing to form a ground glaze layer, applying the spot glaze slip on the ground glaze layer, and sintering to obtain the spot glaze ceramic product.
Preferably, the firing heating process includes: a preheating section, heating to 250 ℃, and preheating for 30-45 minutes; the heating section is used for continuously heating to 1100-1200 ℃ for 2-3 hours; and in the heat preservation section, the temperature is controlled to be 1200 +/-20 ℃, and the time is 30-60 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the ceramic body disclosed by the invention is formed by selecting raw materials and optimizing the content of each raw material, so that the advantages of the raw materials are fully exerted, the raw materials complement each other and promote each other, the ceramic body prepared from the waste ceramic can well adsorb glaze, a glaze layer of an artwork is not easy to fall off, the color and luster are uniform, the glossiness is good, and the ceramic body has excellent cold-resistant, heat-resistant, stable and wear-resistant properties.
The glaze layer of the artware obtained by the invention has the advantages of smooth surface, uniform color, good glossiness, excellent cold resistance, heat resistance stability and wear resistance.
The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, pores or deformation are not easy to generate in the ceramic firing process, the prepared ceramic artware has good adhesion and high strength, and the manpower and equipment cost are saved.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
The test methods or test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise indicated, are conventionally obtained commercially or prepared by conventional methods.
Example 1:
the glaze dispensing ceramic product comprises a ceramic blank body, and a ground glaze and a glaze dispensing sequentially applied on the ceramic blank body, wherein the ceramic blank body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 115 parts of waste ceramic, 15 parts of carbonate, 16 parts of modified bentonite, 10 parts of magnesium-based montmorillonite, 9 parts of fluxing agent, 13 parts of albite, 8 parts of titanium dioxide, 10 parts of nano zirconium dioxide, 6 parts of talcum powder, 3 parts of zirconium silicate and 5 parts of auxiliary material;
the ground glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of albite, 15 parts of calcite, 15 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of zirconium silicate, 7 parts of mica, 10 parts of calcium carbonate, 12 parts of barium carbonate and 5 parts of quartz;
the spot glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of albite, 15 parts of Suzhou soil, 10 parts of manganese dioxide, 10 parts of silicon dioxide, 15 parts of ferric oxide, 16 parts of aluminum oxide, 14 parts of potassium oxide and 4 parts of sodium silicate.
Preferably, the modified bentonite is prepared by the following method: calcining bentonite at 450 deg.C for 4 hr, cooling, soaking in 25% sodium bicarbonate solution for 2 hr, filtering, washing with purified water, soaking in 20% acetic acid solution for 1.5 hr, filtering, washing with purified water, oven drying, and pulverizing to 120 mesh; and then adding high-temperature sand accounting for 35% of the weight of the bentonite, feldspar powder accounting for 15% of the weight of the bentonite and tungsten carbide powder accounting for 5% of the weight of the bentonite, mixing and stirring for 30-40 minutes, then adding a silane coupling agent accounting for 10% of the weight of the bentonite, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to obtain the bentonite-based composite material.
Preferably, the silane coupling agent is one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltris (β -methoxyethoxy) silane.
Preferably, the auxiliary material is a reinforcing agent or a water reducing agent.
Preferably, the reinforcing agent is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate and calcium sulfate, and the water reducing agent is sodium metasilicate.
Preferably, the carbonate is selected from one or more of tricalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and zinc carbonate.
Preferably, the fluxing agent is one or more of limestone, calcite, diopside, wollastonite, dolomite and talc.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a point glaze ceramic product, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a ceramic blank:
1) cleaning and drying the waste ceramics, placing the waste ceramics in a ball mill for ball milling until the particle size is 140 meshes, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 percent which is 35 percent of the weight of the waste ceramics, filtering and cleaning, adding a sodium bicarbonate solution with the concentration of 15 percent which is 50 percent of the weight of the waste ceramics, filtering and cleaning, and drying at 200-250 ℃ to obtain a waste ceramic treatment material;
2) respectively weighing waste ceramic processing materials, carbonate, modified bentonite, magnesium-based montmorillonite, fluxing agent and albite according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and grinding until the particle size is 600 meshes to obtain a grinding material;
3) respectively weighing titanium dioxide, nano zirconium dioxide, talcum powder, zirconium silicate and auxiliary materials according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, grinding until the particle size is 700 meshes, and adding water into the grinding material obtained in the step 2 for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture with the water content of 15%;
4) placing the mixture in a forming machine, and pressing and forming to obtain a formed green body;
5) placing the formed green body in a kiln, and firing and heating to ensure that the moisture content of the ceramic green body is below 3%;
B. preparing glaze:
6) preparing a ground glaze, namely weighing albite, calcite, kaolin, zirconium silicate, mica, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and quartz in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving by a 250-mesh sieve to obtain a ground glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.35-1.48 g/cm 3;
7) preparing a glaze dotting agent, namely weighing albite, Suzhou soil, manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide and sodium silicate in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain glaze dotting glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.38-1.45 g/cm 3;
C. glazing:
8) and uniformly applying the ground glaze slip on the ceramic blank, airing to form a ground glaze layer, applying the spot glaze slip on the ground glaze layer, and sintering to obtain the spot glaze ceramic product.
Preferably, the firing heating process includes: a preheating section, heating to 250 ℃, and preheating for 30-45 minutes; the heating section is used for continuously heating to 1100-1200 ℃ for 2-3 hours; and the temperature of the heat preservation section is controlled to be 1200 +/-20 ℃, and the time is 45 minutes.
Example 2:
the glaze dispensing ceramic product comprises a ceramic blank body, and a ground glaze and a glaze dispensing sequentially applied on the ceramic blank body, wherein the ceramic blank body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 125 parts of waste ceramic, 15 parts of carbonate, 20 parts of modified bentonite, 12 parts of magnesium-based montmorillonite, 8 parts of fluxing agent, 15 parts of albite, 10 parts of titanium dioxide, 12 parts of nano zirconium dioxide, 5 parts of talcum powder, 3 parts of zirconium silicate and 5 parts of auxiliary material;
the ground glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of albite, 20 parts of calcite, 18 parts of kaolin, 15 parts of zirconium silicate, 6 parts of mica, 12 parts of calcium carbonate, 15 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of quartz;
the spot glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of albite, 22 parts of Suzhou soil, 14 parts of manganese dioxide, 15 parts of silicon dioxide, 20 parts of ferric oxide, 18 parts of aluminum oxide, 18 parts of potassium oxide and 6 parts of sodium silicate.
In this example, the modified bentonite was prepared by the following method: calcining bentonite at 450 deg.C for 4 hr, cooling, soaking in 25% sodium bicarbonate solution for 2 hr, filtering, washing with purified water, soaking in 20% acetic acid solution for 1.5 hr, filtering, washing with purified water, oven drying, and pulverizing to 120 mesh; and then adding high-temperature sand accounting for 35% of the weight of the bentonite, feldspar powder accounting for 15% of the weight of the bentonite and tungsten carbide powder accounting for 5% of the weight of the bentonite, mixing and stirring for 30-40 minutes, then adding a silane coupling agent accounting for 10% of the weight of the bentonite, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to obtain the bentonite-based composite material.
In this embodiment, the silane coupling agent is one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltris (β -methoxyethoxy) silane.
In this embodiment, the auxiliary material is a reinforcing agent or a water reducing agent.
In this embodiment, the enhancer is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate and calcium sulfate, and the water reducing agent is sodium metasilicate.
In this embodiment, the carbonate is selected from one or more of tricalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and zinc carbonate.
In this embodiment, the fluxing agent is one or more of limestone, calcite, diopside, wollastonite, dolomite, and talc.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a point glaze ceramic product, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a ceramic blank:
1) cleaning and drying the waste ceramics, placing the waste ceramics in a ball mill for ball milling until the particle size is 140 meshes, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 percent which is 35 percent of the weight of the waste ceramics, filtering and cleaning, adding a sodium bicarbonate solution with the concentration of 15 percent which is 50 percent of the weight of the waste ceramics, filtering and cleaning, and drying at 200-250 ℃ to obtain a waste ceramic treatment material;
2) respectively weighing waste ceramic processing materials, carbonate, modified bentonite, magnesium-based montmorillonite, fluxing agent and albite according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and grinding until the particle size is 600 meshes to obtain a grinding material;
3) respectively weighing titanium dioxide, nano zirconium dioxide, talcum powder, zirconium silicate and auxiliary materials according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, grinding until the particle size is 700 meshes, and adding water into the grinding material obtained in the step 2 for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture with the water content of 15%;
4) placing the mixture in a forming machine, and pressing and forming to obtain a formed green body;
5) placing the formed green body in a kiln, and firing and heating to ensure that the moisture content of the ceramic green body is below 3%;
B. preparing glaze:
6) preparing a ground glaze, namely weighing albite, calcite, kaolin, zirconium silicate, mica, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and quartz in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving by a 250-mesh sieve to obtain a ground glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.35-1.48 g/cm 3;
7) preparing a glaze dotting agent, namely weighing albite, Suzhou soil, manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide and sodium silicate in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain glaze dotting glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.38-1.45 g/cm 3;
C. glazing:
8) and uniformly applying the ground glaze slip on the ceramic blank, airing to form a ground glaze layer, applying the spot glaze slip on the ground glaze layer, and sintering to obtain the spot glaze ceramic product.
In this embodiment, the firing heating process includes: a preheating section, heating to 250 ℃, and preheating for 30-45 minutes; the heating section is used for continuously heating to 1100-1200 ℃ for 2-3 hours; and the temperature of the heat preservation section is controlled to be 1200 +/-20 ℃, and the time is 45 minutes.
Example 3:
the glaze dispensing ceramic product comprises a ceramic blank body, and a ground glaze and a glaze dispensing sequentially applied on the ceramic blank body, wherein the ceramic blank body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of waste ceramic, 20 parts of carbonate, 22 parts of modified bentonite, 15 parts of magnesium-based montmorillonite, 10 parts of fluxing agent, 15 parts of albite, 15 parts of titanium dioxide, 12 parts of nano zirconium dioxide, 8 parts of talcum powder, 3 parts of zirconium silicate and 8 parts of auxiliary material;
the ground glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of albite, 20 parts of calcite, 22 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of zirconium silicate, 8 parts of mica, 12 parts of calcium carbonate, 15 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of quartz;
the spot glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of albite, 30 parts of Suzhou soil, 15 parts of manganese dioxide, 15 parts of silicon dioxide, 20 parts of ferric oxide, 20 parts of aluminum oxide, 15 parts of potassium oxide and 6 parts of sodium silicate.
In this example, the modified bentonite was prepared by the following method: calcining bentonite at 450 deg.C for 4 hr, cooling, soaking in 25% sodium bicarbonate solution for 2 hr, filtering, washing with purified water, soaking in 20% acetic acid solution for 1.5 hr, filtering, washing with purified water, oven drying, and pulverizing to 120 mesh; and then adding high-temperature sand accounting for 35% of the weight of the bentonite, feldspar powder accounting for 15% of the weight of the bentonite and tungsten carbide powder accounting for 5% of the weight of the bentonite, mixing and stirring for 30-40 minutes, then adding a silane coupling agent accounting for 10% of the weight of the bentonite, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to obtain the bentonite-based composite material.
In this embodiment, the silane coupling agent is one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltris (β -methoxyethoxy) silane.
In this embodiment, the auxiliary material is a reinforcing agent or a water reducing agent.
In this embodiment, the enhancer is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate and calcium sulfate, and the water reducing agent is sodium metasilicate.
In this embodiment, the carbonate is selected from one or more of tricalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and zinc carbonate.
In this embodiment, the fluxing agent is one or more of limestone, calcite, diopside, wollastonite, dolomite, and talc.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a point glaze ceramic product, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a ceramic blank:
1) cleaning and drying the waste ceramics, placing the waste ceramics in a ball mill for ball milling until the particle size is 140 meshes, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5 percent which is 35 percent of the weight of the waste ceramics, filtering and cleaning, adding a sodium bicarbonate solution with the concentration of 15 percent which is 50 percent of the weight of the waste ceramics, filtering and cleaning, and drying at 200-250 ℃ to obtain a waste ceramic treatment material;
2) respectively weighing waste ceramic processing materials, carbonate, modified bentonite, magnesium-based montmorillonite, fluxing agent and albite according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and grinding until the particle size is 600 meshes to obtain a grinding material;
3) respectively weighing titanium dioxide, nano zirconium dioxide, talcum powder, zirconium silicate and auxiliary materials according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, grinding until the particle size is 700 meshes, and adding water into the grinding material obtained in the step 2 for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture with the water content of 15%;
4) placing the mixture in a forming machine, and pressing and forming to obtain a formed green body;
5) placing the formed green body in a kiln, and firing and heating to ensure that the moisture content of the ceramic green body is below 3%;
B. preparing glaze:
6) preparing a ground glaze, namely weighing albite, calcite, kaolin, zirconium silicate, mica, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and quartz in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving by a 250-mesh sieve to obtain a ground glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.35-1.48 g/cm 3;
7) preparing a glaze dotting agent, namely weighing albite, Suzhou soil, manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide and sodium silicate in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain glaze dotting glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.38-1.45 g/cm 3;
C. glazing:
8) and uniformly applying the ground glaze slip on the ceramic blank, airing to form a ground glaze layer, applying the spot glaze slip on the ground glaze layer, and sintering to obtain the spot glaze ceramic product.
In this embodiment, the firing heating process includes: a preheating section, heating to 250 ℃, and preheating for 30-45 minutes; the heating section is used for continuously heating to 1100-1200 ℃ for 2-3 hours; and the temperature of the heat preservation section is controlled to be 1200 +/-20 ℃, and the time is 45 minutes.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 3 is that the waste ceramics were not treated, and the other is the same as example 3.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 3 is that magnesium-based montmorillonite is not present, and the other is the same as example 3.
Comparative example 3:
the difference from example 3 is that unmodified bentonite was used, and the other examples are the same as example 3.
Comparative example 4:
the difference from example 3 is that no nano zirconium dioxide is present, and the other is the same as example 3.
Comparative example 5:
the difference from example 3 is that no flux was added, and the other steps are the same as example 3.
Comparative example 6:
the difference from example 3 is that no auxiliary materials were added, and the other steps are the same as example 3.
Comparative example 7:
the difference from example 3 is that zirconium silicate is not added to the ground coat, and the rest is the same as example 3.
Comparative example 8:
the difference from the example 3 is that the spot glaze is not added with sodium silicate, and the rest is the same as the example 3.
The following performance tests were performed on the spot-glazed ceramic products obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8 of the present invention and the ordinary spot-glazed ceramic products prepared by the existing formulation process, and the test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
From the above table analysis, comparative example 1 and example 3 compare: after being treated, the waste ceramic is matched with other components to play a good synergistic effect, so that the defective rate of the glaze-lighting ceramic product is greatly reduced.
From the above table analysis, comparative examples 2, 5 and 6 compare with example 3, respectively, to see that: magnesium-based montmorillonite, fluxing agent or auxiliary material with a proper proportion is added to be matched with other components, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, and the strength of the glazed ceramic product is enhanced.
From the above table analysis, comparative example 3 and example 3 compare: the modified bentonite with a proper proportion is added to be matched with other components, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, and the strength and the wear resistance of the glazed ceramic product are improved.
From the above table analysis, comparative example 4 and example 3 compare: the nano zirconium dioxide with a proper proportion is added to be matched with other components, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, the wear resistance of the glazed ceramic product is improved, and the defective rate is reduced.
From the above table analysis, comparative example 7 and example 3 compare: the addition of zirconium silicate in a proper proportion can well combine with a ceramic blank, is not easy to fall off, improves the wear resistance, and simultaneously improves the cold resistance and heat resistance stability of the glazed ceramic product, and is not easy to crack.
From the above table analysis, it can be seen that comparative example 8 and example 3 compare: the sodium silicate with a proper proportion is added to be matched with other components, so that a good synergistic effect is achieved, the wear resistance of the glazed ceramic product is improved, the glossiness is good, and the color is uniform.
In conclusion, the point-glazed ceramic product of the invention has good performances in all aspects, and the performances in all aspects are remarkably improved compared with those of the common point-glazed ceramic product, so that the market requirements can be greatly met.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The glaze dispensing ceramic product is characterized by comprising a ceramic body, and a ground glaze and a glaze dispensing sequentially applied to the ceramic body, wherein the ceramic body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of waste ceramic, 12-21 parts of carbonate, 14-22 parts of modified bentonite, 8-16 parts of magnesium-based montmorillonite, 7-15 parts of fluxing agent, 11-18 parts of albite, 5-18 parts of titanium dioxide, 8-15 parts of nano zirconium dioxide, 5-10 parts of talcum powder, 0-5 parts of zirconium silicate and 0-10 parts of auxiliary material;
the ground glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of albite, 15-25 parts of calcite, 12-28 parts of kaolin, 10-22 parts of zirconium silicate, 5-10 parts of mica, 10-15 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-25 parts of barium carbonate and 5-10 parts of quartz;
the spot glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of albite, 15-32 parts of Suzhou soil, 9-16 parts of manganese dioxide, 8-18 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide, 16-24 parts of aluminum oxide, 14-20 parts of potassium oxide and 0-8 parts of sodium silicate.
2. The spot glazed ceramic article of claim 1, wherein the modified bentonite is prepared by the following process: calcining bentonite at 350-500 ℃ for 3-5 hours, cooling, soaking in 20-30% sodium bicarbonate solution for 2-3 hours, filtering, cleaning with purified water, soaking in 15-25% acetic acid solution for 1-2 hours, filtering, cleaning with purified water, drying, and crushing to 100-150 meshes; and then adding high-temperature sand accounting for 35-40% of the weight of the bentonite, feldspar powder accounting for 12-20% of the weight of the bentonite and tungsten carbide powder accounting for 3-5%, mixing and stirring for 30-40 minutes, then adding a silane coupling agent accounting for 10-15% of the weight of the bentonite, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to obtain the bentonite-based composite material.
3. The spot glazed ceramic article of claim 3, wherein the silane coupling agent is one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltris (β -methoxyethoxy) silane.
4. The spot glaze ceramic article of claim 1, wherein the adjunct is a reinforcing agent or a water reducing agent.
5. The spot glazed ceramic article of claim 4, wherein the reinforcing agent is selected from one or more of sodium sulfate, sodium tetraborate decahydrate and calcium sulfate and the water reducing agent is sodium metasilicate.
6. The spot glazed ceramic article of claim 1, wherein the carbonate is selected from one or more of tricalcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and zinc carbonate.
7. The spot glazed ceramic article of claim 1, wherein the fluxing agent is one or more of limestone, calcite, diopside, wollastonite, dolomite, talc.
8. A process for the preparation of a point-glazed ceramic article according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
A. preparing a ceramic blank:
1) cleaning and drying the waste ceramic, then placing the waste ceramic into a ball mill for ball milling until the particle size is 130-150 meshes, adding a hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 5-10% which is 35-40% of the weight of the waste ceramic, filtering and cleaning, then adding a sodium bicarbonate solution with the concentration of 5-15% which is 50-60% of the weight of the waste ceramic, filtering and cleaning, and drying at 200-250 ℃ to obtain a waste ceramic treatment material;
2) respectively weighing waste ceramic processing materials, carbonate, modified bentonite, magnesium-based montmorillonite, fluxing agent and albite according to the parts by weight, mixing and stirring uniformly, and grinding until the particle size is 500-700 meshes to obtain a grinding material;
3) respectively weighing titanium dioxide, nano zirconium dioxide, talcum powder, zirconium silicate and auxiliary materials according to the weight parts, mixing and stirring uniformly, grinding until the particle size is 600-750 meshes, and adding water into the grinding material obtained in the step 2 to mix uniformly to obtain a mixture with the water content of 15-20%;
4) placing the mixture in a forming machine, and pressing and forming to obtain a formed green body;
5) placing the formed green body in a kiln, and firing and heating to ensure that the moisture content of the ceramic green body is below 3%;
B. preparing glaze:
6) preparing the ground glaze, namely weighing albite, calcite, kaolin, zirconium silicate, mica, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate and quartz according to the parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving by a 250-mesh sieve to obtain ground glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.35-1.48 g/cm3；
7) Preparing the spot glaze, weighing albite, Suzhou soil, manganese dioxide, silicon dioxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, potassium oxide and sodium silicate in parts by weight, adding water, uniformly mixing, grinding, sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain a spot glaze slip, and adjusting the specific gravity to 1.38-1.45 g/cm3；
C. Glazing:
8) and uniformly applying the ground glaze slip on the ceramic blank, airing to form a ground glaze layer, applying the spot glaze slip on the ground glaze layer, and sintering to obtain the spot glaze ceramic product.
9. The method of making a point-glazed ceramic article according to claim 8, wherein the firing heating process comprises: a preheating section, heating to 250 ℃, and preheating for 30-45 minutes; the heating section is used for continuously heating to 1100-1200 ℃ for 2-3 hours; and in the heat preservation section, the temperature is controlled to be 1200 +/-20 ℃, and the time is 30-60 minutes.
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