CN111231172A - High-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments and application thereof - Google Patents
High-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111231172A CN111231172A CN202010052571.5A CN202010052571A CN111231172A CN 111231172 A CN111231172 A CN 111231172A CN 202010052571 A CN202010052571 A CN 202010052571A CN 111231172 A CN111231172 A CN 111231172A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0224—Screens, sieves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments and application thereof, wherein the system comprises a coarse separation device, a fine separation device, a separation liquid circulation and discharge device and a separation liquid supplement device, wherein the coarse separation device and the fine separation device are arranged adjacently, and the coarse separation device can automatically discharge the liquid after coarse separation into the fine separation device; the fine separation device uses solutions with different densities as density differentiation media to perform high-precision separation and recovery; the bottom of the separation liquid circulation and discharge device is communicated with the bottom of the fine separation device through a pipeline, and the coarse separation device and the fine separation device are respectively connected with a separation liquid supplementing device; according to the invention, by combining a physical basic principle, the high-precision separation and recovery of micro plastic particles with different particle sizes in the natural open water body sediment are realized through reasonable structural design, the structure is simple, a large number of samples can be efficiently completed, the automation is high, the economy is realized, and the labor sampling cost can be greatly saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental hydraulics, and particularly relates to a high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments and application thereof.
Background
Over the last century, plastics have become an integral part of everyday life. This has become the fastest growing part of municipal waste due to the heavy use of plastics. Most of the plastic garbage is thrown into a garbage landfill site, and the recovery rate is low. Wind from these landfills or plastic products that are discarded at will can cause the plastic to enter the natural body of water. Therefore, the plastic trash inevitably enters the ocean under the push of wind, rivers and creeks. Once the plastic waste enters the natural environment, ultraviolet radiation, mechanical abrasion, biodegradation, disintegration and the like can cause the formation of tiny fragments. These formed micro-plastics have a severe impact on the water ecosystem. The micro-plastic entering the water body inevitably enters the sediment of the river sediment, and the fragments are preserved due to the extremely slow degradation process of the plastic and the stability of the plastic. It is estimated that the stability of plastics can last for hundreds of years.
In order to purify the water ecological environment of open water bodies, the separation and recovery of river sediment and micro-plastics become particularly important. Therefore, it is desired to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a system for separating and recovering micro-plastics in sediments with high precision by matching with a small amount of manpower and an application method thereof, wherein the system is applied to an open water body.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments comprises a coarse separation device, a fine separation device, a separation liquid circulation and discharge device and a separation liquid supplement device, wherein the coarse separation device and the fine separation device are arranged adjacently, and the coarse separation device can automatically discharge the coarsely separated liquid into the fine separation device; the fine separation device comprises a fine separation container, a conical separation channel, a valve and a micro plastic particle collection container with a filter screen arranged inside, one side of the fine separation container is adjacent to the coarse separation device, the other side of the fine separation container is connected with the conical separation channel, the valve and the micro plastic particle collection container are sequentially and horizontally connected, a plurality of groups are arranged from top to bottom, the micro plastic particle collection container is connected with a separation liquid circulation and discharge device, the bottom of the separation liquid circulation and discharge device is communicated with the bottom of the fine separation device through a pipeline, and the coarse separation device and the fine separation device are respectively connected with a separation liquid supplement device; and finally, from top to bottom, the diameters of the filter meshes in the micro plastic particle collecting container are sequentially increased.
Preferably, the cone-shaped separation channel, the valve and the micro plastic particle collecting container are arranged in 3-5 groups.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the rough separation apparatus includes a sediment-holding vessel, a discharge funnel vertically disposed inside the sediment-holding vessel, and having a bottom discharge port penetrating the bottom of the sediment-holding vessel, a top-open side wall in sealing contact with an inner wall of the sediment-holding vessel, a rotor penetrating the side wall of the discharge funnel, and a sediment discharge valve disposed at the bottom discharge port of the discharge funnel. The rotor can be driven by a motor and is used for uniformly stirring and dispersing sediment.
Preferably, the top opening of the sediment holding container is high on one side, low on one side, and the low side is adjacent to the fine separation container and has the same height.
Preferably, a densimeter is hung at the opening of the sediment placing container and is used for monitoring the density of the solution in the sediment placing container.
As an embodiment of the invention, the separation liquid circulating and discharging device comprises a tail water solution tank, a circulating pipeline and a tail water discharging valve, wherein one side of the tail water solution tank is connected with the micro plastic particle collecting container, the other side of the tail water solution tank is provided with the tail water discharging valve close to the bottom, and the circulating pipeline is connected with the bottom of the tail water solution tank and the bottom of the fine separation container.
Preferably, a water pump and a valve are arranged on the circulating pipeline.
As an embodiment of the invention, the separation liquid supplementing device comprises a peristaltic pump, a first luer connector and a second luer connector, wherein the peristaltic pump is connected with the coarse separation device through the first luer connector and is connected with the fine separation device through the second luer connector. The peristaltic pump can in time supply the parting medium for thick separator and little separator, and luer connects and can prevent the parting medium backward flow.
The method for separating and recovering the micro-plastics in the open water sediments with high precision by using the system comprises the following steps:
A. taking a sediment sample from a river, carrying out primary separation on micro-plastics and sediment by using a rough separation device, and then automatically discharging the liquid after rough separation into a fine separation device;
B. opening a separation liquid supplementing device, pumping solutions with different densities into a fine separation container, layering the solutions in the fine separation container, opening a valve when the liquid level reaches the top of the fine separation container, closing a discharge port of a separation liquid circulating and discharging device, and communicating the bottom of the separation liquid circulating and discharging device and the bottom of the fine separation device to realize high-precision separation of the micro plastic particles with different particle sizes;
C. the micro-plastics with different particle sizes are distributed in the micro-plastic particle collecting container, the filter screens with different inner pore diameters further separate the micro-plastics, and simultaneously, the silt sediment separated by the coarse separation device is discharged from the bottom, so that the separation and recovery of the micro-plastics with different particle sizes in the first period are completed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the invention utilizes the basic physical principle, and can separate and recover sediment samples obtained in the open water body by using the device, thereby having wide application range. Only a small amount of labor is needed, the structure is simple, the operability is strong, the automation is high, and a large amount of samples can be efficiently processed in a short time.
(2) The device layout is optimized and reasonable, the coarse separation device, the fine separation device, the separation liquid circulation and discharge device and the separation liquid supplement device separate all particle sizes of the micro plastic particles and perform fine separation at different solution densities, and the obtained result is real and reliable and accords with the basic physical law.
(3) The sediment micro-plastic separation and filtration device provided by the invention is provided with various valves, and can intelligently control the starting and stopping processes of the coarse separation device and the fine separation device by utilizing the basic mechanical principle.
(4) In the fine separation device of the present invention, it is preferable to use 3 kinds of solutions having different densities as density differentiation media, and to strictly control the movement space of the fine plastic particles having different particle diameters in the fine separation device, thereby performing high-precision separation and recovery.
(5) The fine separation device is provided with the filter screens with different apertures, and the fine plastic particles are further separated after the solutions with different densities are separated, so that the recovery and separation precision of the fine plastic particles with different particle sizes is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1
A high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments is shown in figure 1 and comprises a coarse separation device I, a fine separation device II, a separation liquid circulation and discharge device III and a separation liquid supplement device IV, wherein the coarse separation device I and the fine separation device II are arranged adjacently, and the coarse separation device I can automatically discharge the coarsely separated liquid and micro-plastic particles into the fine separation device II; the fine separation device II comprises a fine separation container 200, a conical separation channel 201, a valve 202 and a micro plastic particle collection container 203 with a filter screen arranged inside, one side of the fine separation container 200 is adjacent to the coarse separation device I, the other side of the fine separation container is connected with the conical separation channel 201, the valve 202 and the micro plastic particle collection container 203 are sequentially and horizontally connected, a plurality of groups are arranged from top to bottom, the micro plastic particle collection container 203 is connected with a separation liquid circulation and discharge device III, the bottom of the separation liquid circulation and discharge device III is communicated with the bottom of the fine separation device II through a pipeline, and the coarse separation device I and the fine separation device II are respectively connected with a separation liquid supplementing device IV; finally, from top to bottom, the mesh diameters of the filter in the micro plastic particle collection container 203 increase in order.
The conical separation channel 201, valve 202 and micro plastic particle collection vessel 203 are arranged in 4 sets.
The rough separation device I comprises a sediment placing container 100, a discharge funnel 101, a rotor 102 and a sediment discharge valve 103, wherein the discharge funnel 101 is vertically arranged inside the sediment placing container 100, a bottom discharge port of the discharge funnel 101 penetrates through the bottom of the sediment placing container 100, the side wall of a top opening is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the sediment placing container 100, the rotor 102 penetrates through the side wall of the discharge funnel 101, and the sediment discharge valve 103 is arranged at the bottom discharge port of the discharge funnel 101. The rotor 102 can be driven by a motor for uniform agitation and dispersion of sediment.
The top opening of the sediment setting container 100 is high on one side, low on one side, and low on the other side adjacent to and at the same height as the fine separation container 200.
Also suspended at the opening of the deposit holding vessel 100 is a densitometer 104 for monitoring the density of the solution within the deposit holding vessel 100.
The separating liquid circulating and discharging device III comprises a tail water solution tank 300, a circulating pipeline 301 and a tail water discharging valve 302, one side of the tail water solution tank 300 is connected with the micro plastic particle collecting container 203, the other side of the tail water solution tank is close to the bottom, the tail water discharging valve 302 is arranged, and the circulating pipeline 301 is connected with the bottom of the tail water solution tank 300 and the bottom of the fine separating container 200.
The circulation pipeline 301 is provided with a water pump and a valve.
The separation liquid supplementing device IV comprises a peristaltic pump 400, a first luer connector 401 and a second luer connector 402, wherein the peristaltic pump 400 is connected with a plurality of separation liquids with different densities, and is connected with the coarse separation device I through the first luer connector 401 and is connected with the fine separation device II through the second luer connector 402. Peristaltic pump 400 can in time supply the separation liquid for rough separator I and fine separator II, and luer connects can prevent the separation liquid backward flow.
Example 2
The method for separating and recovering the micro-plastics in the open water sediments with high precision by using the system comprises the following steps:
A. taking a sediment sample from a river, performing primary separation of micro-plastics and sediment by using a coarse separation device I, and automatically discharging the liquid after the coarse separation into a fine separation device II;
B. opening the separation liquid supplementing device IV, pumping solutions with different densities into the fine separation container 200, layering the solutions in the fine separation container 200, opening a valve 202 when the liquid level reaches the top of the fine separation container 200, closing a discharge port of the separation liquid circulating and discharging device III, and communicating the bottom of the separation liquid circulating and discharging device III and the bottom of the fine separation device II to realize high-precision separation of the micro plastic particles with different particle sizes;
C. the micro-plastics with different particle sizes are distributed in the micro-plastic particle collecting container 203, the micro-plastics are further separated by the filter screens with different inner pore diameters, and the sand sediment which is separated by the coarse separation device I is discharged from the bottom, so that the micro-plastics with different particle sizes in the first period are separated and recovered.
Specifically, the method for performing high-precision separation and recovery of micro-plastics in open water sediments by using the system in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps (as shown in fig. 1):
A. the separation liquid (. rho.) having a depth of about one third of the vessel depth is fed into the sediment-holding vessel 100 having a height of left higher than right lower than right1>All micro-plastic densities) while taking a sediment sample from the river, is placed in the sediment placement vessel 100, at which time the sediment discharge valve 103 and valve 202 are closed. During the process of adding the sediment sample, the motor is turned on, the rotating rotor 102 is started, and the sediment and all the particle size micro plastic particles contained are initially separated. Since the addition of the deposit may affect the insideThe density of the partial solution is monitored over time by densitometer 104, and if the density changes, the solution is increased or decreased by peristaltic pump 400. At the moment, the micro plastic particles float under the separation liquid, so that the first separation of the micro plastic and the sediment is realized;
B. after stirring the sediment for at least 15 minutes (up to 10 hours) the sediment is allowed to settle for 1-2 hours. At the same time, the peristaltic pump 400 at the bottom is started to pump in new separation liquid, so that the liquid level of the separation liquid gradually rises, and the separation liquid (rho) is high at the left and low at the right1About 1.71g cm-3，ZnBr2Solution) and the micro plastic particles with the respective middle particle sizes separated from the sediment enter a micro plastic fine separation device II;
C. three solutions (p) of different densities were initially pumped into the fine separation vessel 200 by the peristaltic pump 4002>ρ3>ρ4) Respectively, NaI (density 1.57g cm)-3) NaBr (density 1.37g cm)-3) NaCl (density 1.17g cm)-3) In this case, the different particle sizes of the microplastic particles also appear spatially distributed (coarse at the bottom and fine at the top). When the liquid level reaches the top of the fine separation container 200, the valve 202 is opened, the tail water discharge valve 302 is closed, and the water pump and the valve on the circulating pipeline 301 are opened to realize high-precision separation of the micro plastic particles with different particle sizes;
D. the micro plastics with different particle sizes are distributed in the micro plastic particle collecting container 203, the inside is also provided with filter screens with different pore diameters (from top to bottom, the filter screens are 0-0.25mm,0.25-0.5mm,0.5-0.75mm and 0.75-1mm in sequence), at the moment, further separation is carried out, meanwhile, the sediment discharge valve 103 can be opened, the sediment which is just separated is discharged from the bottom, the separation and recovery of the micro plastics with different particle sizes in the first period are completed, if the recovery and separation are continued, the steps are repeated, and if the separation is directly completed, the solutions with different densities in the tail water are completely discharged through the tail water discharge valve 302 in the tail water solution box 300.
Claims (8)
1. The high-precision separation and recovery system for the micro-plastics in the open water sediments is characterized by comprising a rough separation device (I), a fine separation device (II), a separation liquid circulation and discharge device (III) and a separation liquid supplement device (IV), wherein the rough separation device (I) and the fine separation device (II) are arranged adjacently, and the rough separation device (I) can automatically discharge the roughly separated liquid into the fine separation device (II); the fine separation device (II) comprises a fine separation container (200), a cone-shaped separation channel (201), a valve (202) and a micro plastic particle collection container (203) with a filter screen arranged inside, one side of the fine separation container (200) is adjacent to the coarse separation device (I), the other side of the fine separation container is connected with the cone-shaped separation channel (201), the valve (202) and the micro plastic particle collection container (203) are sequentially and horizontally connected, a plurality of groups are arranged from top to bottom, the micro plastic particle collection container (203) is connected with a separation liquid circulation and discharge device (III), the bottom of the separation liquid circulation and discharge device (III) is communicated with the bottom of the fine separation device (II) through pipelines, and the coarse separation device (I) and the fine separation device (II) are respectively connected with a separation liquid supplement device (; finally, the diameters of the filter meshes in the micro plastic particle collecting container (203) are sequentially increased from top to bottom.
2. The open water body sediment high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics is characterized in that the coarse separation device (I) comprises a sediment placing container (100), a discharge funnel (101), a rotor (102) and a sediment discharge valve (103), wherein the discharge funnel (101) is vertically arranged inside the sediment placing container (100), the bottom discharge outlet of the discharge funnel (101) penetrates through the bottom of the sediment placing container (100), the top opening side wall is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the sediment placing container (100), the rotor (102) penetrates through the side wall of the discharge funnel (101), and the sediment discharge valve (103) is arranged at the bottom discharge outlet of the discharge funnel (101).
3. The open water body sediment high precision separation and recovery system of micro plastic in claim 2, wherein the top opening of the sediment placement vessel (100) is high on one side, low on one side, and the low side is adjacent to and at the same height as the fine separation vessel (200).
4. The open water body sediment high-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics, according to claim 2, is characterized in that a densitometer (104) is also hung at the opening of the sediment placing container (100).
5. The system for separating and recovering the micro-plastic in the sediment of the open water body with high precision as claimed in claim 1, wherein the separation liquid circulating and discharging device (III) comprises a tail water solution tank (300), a circulating pipeline (301) and a tail water discharging valve (302), one side of the tail water solution tank (300) is connected with the micro-plastic particle collecting container (203), the other side of the tail water solution tank is provided with the tail water discharging valve (302) close to the bottom, and the circulating pipeline (301) is connected with the bottom of the tail water solution tank (300) and the bottom of the sub-separation container (200).
6. The open water body sediment micro-plastic high-precision separation and recovery system as claimed in claim 5, wherein a water pump and a valve are arranged on the circulating pipeline (301).
7. The open water body sediment micro-plastic high-precision separation and recovery system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the separation liquid supplementing device (IV) comprises a peristaltic pump (400) for connecting a plurality of separation liquids with different densities, a first luer connector (401) and a second luer connector (402), and the peristaltic pump (400) is connected with the coarse separation device (I) through the first luer connector (401) and is connected with the fine separation device (II) through the second luer connector (402).
8. The method for high-precision separation and recovery of micro-plastics in open water sediments by using the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. taking a sediment sample from a river, performing primary separation of micro-plastics and sediment by using a coarse separation device (I), and automatically discharging the liquid after the coarse separation into a fine separation device (II);
B. opening a separation liquid supplementing device (IV), pumping immiscible solutions with different densities into a fine separation container (200), layering the fine separation container (200), opening a valve (202) when the liquid level reaches the top of the fine separation container (200), closing a discharge port of a separation liquid circulating and discharging device (III), and communicating the bottom of the separation liquid circulating and discharging device (III) and the bottom of a fine separation device (II) to realize high-precision sorting of the micro plastic particles with different particle sizes;
C. the micro-plastics with different particle sizes are distributed in the micro-plastic particle collecting container (203), the filter screens with different inner pore diameters further separate the micro-plastics, and simultaneously, the silt sediment which is separated by the coarse separation device (I) is discharged from the bottom, so that the separation and recovery of the micro-plastics with different particle sizes in the first period are completed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010052571.5A CN111231172A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | High-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments and application thereof |
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| CN202010052571.5A CN111231172A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | High-precision separation and recovery system for micro-plastics in open water sediments and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20200605 |