CN111230240A - Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111230240A CN111230240A CN202010057391.6A CN202010057391A CN111230240A CN 111230240 A CN111230240 A CN 111230240A CN 202010057391 A CN202010057391 A CN 202010057391A CN 111230240 A CN111230240 A CN 111230240A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- discharge electrode
- workpiece
- electrode group
- ultrasonic
- cutter body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/04—Electrical discharge machining combined with mechanical working
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling composite processing method, which comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a discharge electrode group at one end of a cutter body, reserving a discharge gap for discharging the discharge electrode group between the discharge electrode group and a workpiece, and secondly, electrifying the discharge electrode group to discharge the processing surface of the workpiece, so that a loop is formed among the discharge electrode group, the workpiece and a power supply position, wherein in the discharging process, the discharge electrode group discharges on the workpiece by taking air as a medium, and the electrode discharges to break down the gap between the discharge electrode group and the workpiece to generate high temperature, so that the characteristics of the surface to be processed are changed, the surface of the workpiece is softened, and a modified layer which is easy to cut is generated, thereby prolonging the service life of the cutter body, improving the processing efficiency and realizing efficient and precise removal of materials.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the field of machining methods, in particular to an ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method.
[ background of the invention ]
The milling technology is the basis of the field of machining, the milling is to carry out cutting processing on the outer surface of a workpiece by driving a cutting tool to rotate through a milling machine, and the common means is to carry out cutting by always contacting the cutting tool with the surface of the workpiece, so that the resistance generated in the cutting process is large, the loss of the milling cutter is large, and the cutting processing is difficult and difficult to cut.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, a cutting tool is always in contact with the surface of a workpiece to cut, so that resistance generated in the cutting process is large, the tool loss is large, the workpiece is difficult to cut and is difficult to cut, and the technical scheme provides a machining method for assisting milling by utilizing ultrasonic electric sparks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
an ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method comprises the following steps;
s1: a discharge gap is kept between the discharge electrode group at one end of the cutter body and the workpiece;
s2: and supplying power to the discharge electrode group so that the discharge electrode group discharges to the workpiece processing surface.
Further, the ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method further comprises the following steps:
s3: in the processing process, ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic wave generating device in the feeding direction of a workpiece or the vertical direction of the cutter body are transmitted to the workpiece or the cutter body.
Furthermore, the discharge electrode group is powered by a power supply device, one end of the power supply device is connected with the discharge electrode group through an electric brush in an overlapping mode on the cutter body, and the other end of the power supply device is electrically connected with the workpiece.
Further, in the axial direction of the tool body, the discharge electrode group is lower than the machining tip of the tool body to form the discharge gap at the time of cutting.
Further, the discharge gap distance is 0.01-0.05 mm.
Further, the ultrasonic wave generating device comprises an ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic generator is provided with a transducer, and the transducer is provided with an amplitude transformer.
Further, in the machining process, when the ultrasonic wave generating device generates ultrasonic waves in the vertical direction of the cutter body, the ultrasonic wave generating device further comprises a first electromagnetic induction coil arranged on the milling machine and a second electromagnetic induction coil arranged on the cutter body.
Furthermore, the cutter body is provided with a first cutting knife and a second cutting knife, and the discharge electrode group comprises a first discharge electrode and a second discharge electrode.
Further, the distance between the outermost end of the first cutting blade and the outermost end of the second cutting blade is greater than the distance between the outermost end of the first discharge electrode and the outermost end of the second discharge electrode.
Further, an insulating gasket is arranged between the first cutting knife and the cutter body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to an ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method, which comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a discharge electrode group at one end of a cutter body, reserving a discharge gap for discharging the discharge electrode group between the discharge electrode group and a workpiece, secondly, electrifying the discharge electrode group to discharge the discharge electrode group to the processing surface of the workpiece, so that a loop is formed among the discharge electrode group, the workpiece and a power supply position, in the discharging process, the discharge electrode group discharges on the workpiece by taking air as a medium, the electrode discharges to puncture the gap between the discharge electrode group and the workpiece to generate high temperature, so that the characteristics of the surface to be processed are changed, the surface of the workpiece is softened, a deformable layer which is easy to cut is generated, the cutter group is convenient to cut, the high temperature is generated by discharging the discharge electrode group, and the high-energy electric spark is utilized to heat and soften the local area to be cut of the, the machining hardening degree of the area is reduced, and then the workpiece is cut through the cutter body, so that the service life of the cutter body is prolonged, the machining efficiency is improved, and efficient and precise removal of materials is realized.
2. This application still is provided with supersonic generator, passes through the conduction of transducer and amplitude transformer with the produced ultrasonic wave of supersonic generator, with the ultrasonic wave transmission to milling on the blade group or the work piece for cutter unit or work piece produce high frequency vibration, can effectively reduce electric spark discharge in-process short circuit, draw phenomenons such as arc, are favorable to the chip breaking, reduce the cutting force, improve surface quality.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the operation steps of an ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method (an ultrasonic wave generating device is arranged in the feeding direction of a workpiece) according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a second ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method (an ultrasonic wave generating device is arranged in the vertical direction of the tool body).
Fig. 4 is a third schematic structural diagram (bottom view of the ultrasonic wave generator) of the ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
When embodiments of the present invention refer to the ordinal numbers "first", "second", etc., it should be understood that the words are used for distinguishing between them unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, an ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method includes the following steps;
s1: a discharge gap 3 is kept between a discharge electrode group 4 at one end of the cutter body 1 and the workpiece 2;
s2: and supplying power to the discharge electrode group 4 so that the discharge electrode group 4 discharges to the processing surface of the workpiece 2.
The invention relates to an ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling composite processing method, which comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a discharge electrode group at one end of a cutter body, reserving a discharge gap for discharging the discharge electrode group between the discharge electrode group and a workpiece, secondly, electrifying the discharge electrode group to discharge the discharge electrode group to the processing surface of the workpiece, so that a loop is formed among the discharge electrode group, the workpiece and a power supply position, in the discharging process, the discharge electrode group discharges on the workpiece by taking air as a medium, the electrode discharges to puncture the gap between the discharge electrode group and the workpiece to generate high temperature, so that the characteristics of the surface to be processed are changed, the surface of the workpiece is softened, a deformable layer which is easy to cut is generated, the cutting is convenient, the cutter group is not damaged, the application mainly utilizes the discharge electrode group to discharge to generate high temperature, and high-energy electric sparks are utilized to heat and soften the, the machining hardening degree of the area is reduced, and then the workpiece is cut through the cutter body, so that the service life of the cutter body is prolonged, the machining efficiency is improved, and efficient and precise removal of materials is realized.
Further, the ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method further comprises the following steps:
s3: in the processing process, ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic wave generating device 5 in the feeding direction of the workpiece 2 or the vertical direction of the cutter body 1 are transmitted to the workpiece 2 or the cutter body 1; as shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic wave generating device 5 is disposed in the feeding direction of the workpiece 2, as shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic wave generating device 5 is disposed in the vertical direction of the tool body 1, when the ultrasonic wave generating device 5 generates ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the workpiece 2 or the tool body 1, so that the workpiece 2 or the tool body 1 generates high-frequency vibration, when the workpiece to be machined is cut, the tool body 1 simultaneously polishes and polishes the workpiece to be machined, so that the smoothness and precision of the workpiece to be machined are higher, and the milling blade set 3 facilitates the discharge of generated scraps during vibration machining, thereby avoiding the generation of accumulated burrs, reducing the resistance of the milling blade set 3 during vibration cutting, reducing the wear of the milling blade set 3, and effectively reducing the phenomena of short circuit, arc discharge and the like during the electric spark discharge process.
Further, the discharge electrode group 4 is powered by a power supply device 6, one end of the power supply device 6 is connected with the discharge electrode group 4 through an electric brush 7 in an overlapping mode on the cutter body 1, the other end of the power supply device 6 is connected with the workpiece 2 in an electric mode, the electric brush 7 is electrically connected with the discharge electrode group 4, the cutter body 1 can rotate continuously during working, therefore, the electric brush 7 is arranged between the cutter body 1 and the power supply device 6, the electric brush 7 is in contact with the cutter body 1, and therefore the electric brush 7 is electrically connected with the cutter body 1, and therefore a loop is formed.
Further, in the axial direction of the tool body 1, the discharge electrode group 4 is lower than the machining tip of the tool body 1 to form the discharge gap 3 during cutting, further defining the discharge gap 3.
As mentioned above, since the electrode and the workpiece must maintain a certain gap during the electrical discharge machining, the electrode has a certain loss due to the continuous removal of the workpiece, the gap will be continuously enlarged, if the electrode is not fed and compensated in time, the discharge process will stop due to the too large gap, otherwise, the arc discharge will be caused due to the too small gap, and therefore, an automatic gap feeding device is required to be designed to adjust in time along with the removal of the workpiece.
As mentioned above, the distance of the discharge gap 3 is 0.01-0.05mm, and the distance of the discharge gap is preferably 0.01-0.05mm because a certain discharge gap must be kept between the electrode and the workpiece in the electric discharge forming process, the gap is too large to cause circuit breaking in the discharge process, and the gap is too small to cause arc discharge.
Further, the ultrasonic generator 5 comprises an ultrasonic generator 51, the ultrasonic generator 51 is provided with a transducer 52, the transducer 52 is provided with an amplitude transformer 53, the combination of the transducer 52 and the amplitude transformer 53 amplifies the ultrasonic wave, so that the high-frequency vibration of the tool body 1 or the workpiece 2 is further enhanced, the discharge of generated scraps is facilitated, and the generation of accumulated burrs is avoided.
Further, in the processing process, when the ultrasonic wave generating device 5 generates the ultrasonic wave in the vertical direction of the tool body 1, the ultrasonic wave generating device 5 further includes a first electromagnetic induction coil 8 for being disposed on the milling machine and a second electromagnetic induction coil 81 disposed on the tool body 1, as shown in fig. 3, since the tool body 1 rotates when working, the ultrasonic wave is transmitted through the first electromagnetic induction coil 8 and the second electromagnetic induction coil 81.
Further, the cutting tool body 1 is provided with a first cutting tool 101 and a second cutting tool 102, and the discharge electrode group 4 includes a first discharge electrode 41 and a second discharge electrode 42.
Further, the distance between the outermost end of the first cutting blade 101 and the outermost end of the second cutting blade 102 is greater than the distance between the outermost end of the first discharge electrode 41 and the outermost end of the second discharge electrode 42, as shown in fig. 4, when the tool body 1 rotates, the outer ring of the tool body 1 rotates surrounds the outer ring of the discharge electrode group 4, so that gap discharge exists between the discharge electrode group 4 and the workpiece 2 to be machined.
Further, an insulating gasket 103 is arranged between the first cutting tool 101 and the tool body 1, and the tool body 1 is prevented from being communicated with a power supply device and being short-circuited through the insulating gasket 103.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to an ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling composite processing method, which comprises the steps of firstly, arranging a discharge electrode group at one end of a cutter body, reserving a discharge gap for discharging the discharge electrode group between the discharge electrode group and a workpiece, secondly, electrifying the discharge electrode group to discharge the discharge electrode group to the processing surface of the workpiece, so that a loop is formed among the discharge electrode group, the workpiece and a power supply position, in the discharging process, the discharge electrode group discharges on the workpiece by taking air as a medium, the electrode discharges to puncture the gap between the discharge electrode group and the workpiece to generate high temperature, so that the characteristics of the surface to be processed are changed, the surface of the workpiece is softened, a deformable layer which is easy to cut is generated, the cutting is convenient, the cutter group is not damaged, the application mainly utilizes the discharge electrode group to discharge to generate high temperature, and high-energy electric sparks are utilized to heat and soften the, the machining hardening degree of the area is reduced, and then the workpiece is cut through the cutter body, so that the service life of the cutter body is prolonged, the machining efficiency is improved, and efficient and precise removal of materials is realized.
2. This application still is provided with supersonic generator, passes through the conduction of transducer and amplitude transformer with the produced ultrasonic wave of supersonic generator, with the ultrasonic wave transmission to milling on the blade group or the work piece for cutter unit or work piece produce high frequency vibration, can effectively reduce electric spark discharge in-process short circuit, draw phenomenons such as arc, are favorable to the chip breaking, reduce the cutting force, improve surface quality.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, which is within the scope of the present application, except that the same or similar principles and basic structures as the present application may be used.
Claims (9)
1. An ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps;
a discharge gap (3) is kept between a discharge electrode group (4) at one end of the cutter body (1) and the workpiece (2);
and supplying power to the discharge electrode group (4) so that the discharge electrode group (4) discharges to the processing surface of the workpiece (2).
In the processing process, ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic wave generating device (5) in the feeding direction of the workpiece (2) or the vertical direction of the cutter body (1) are transmitted to the workpiece (2) or the cutter body (1).
2. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the discharge electrode group (4) is powered by a power supply device (6), one end of the power supply device (6) is lapped on the cutter body (1) through an electric brush (7) and is electrically connected with the discharge electrode group (4), and the other end of the power supply device is electrically connected with the workpiece (2).
3. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the axial direction of the cutter body (1), the discharge electrode group (4) is lower than the machining tip of the cutter body (1) to form the discharge gap (3) in cutting machining.
4. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distance of the discharge gap (3) is 0.01-0.05 mm.
5. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the ultrasonic wave generating device (5) comprises an ultrasonic wave generator (51), the ultrasonic wave generator (51) is provided with a transducer (52), and the transducer (52) is provided with an amplitude transformer (53).
6. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the machining process, when the ultrasonic wave generating device (5) generates ultrasonic waves in the vertical direction of the cutter body (1), the ultrasonic wave generating device (5) further comprises a first electromagnetic induction coil (8) used for being arranged on a milling machine and a second electromagnetic induction coil (81) arranged on the cutter body (1).
7. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the cutting tool comprises a cutting tool body (1), wherein a first cutting tool (101) and a second cutting tool (102) are arranged on the cutting tool body, and a discharge electrode group (4) comprises a first discharge electrode (41) and a second discharge electrode (42).
8. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the distance between the outermost end of the first cutting blade (101) and the outermost end of the second cutting blade (102) is greater than the distance between the outermost end of the first discharge electrode (41) and the outermost end of the second discharge electrode (42).
9. The ultrasonic electric spark assisted milling method as claimed in claim 8, wherein: an insulating gasket (103) is arranged between the first cutting knife (101) and the cutter body (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010057391.6A CN111230240A (en) | 2020-01-19 | 2020-01-19 | Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010057391.6A CN111230240A (en) | 2020-01-19 | 2020-01-19 | Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111230240A true CN111230240A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
Family
ID=70867249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010057391.6A Pending CN111230240A (en) | 2020-01-19 | 2020-01-19 | Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111230240A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3122628A (en) * | 1963-01-31 | 1964-02-25 | Inone Kiyoshi | Electrical discharge grinding apparatus with automatic electrode reshaping provision |
| US5045161A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-09-03 | National Research Council | Method and apparatus for electrolytically assisting the mechanical shaping of a workpiece |
| CN2328473Y (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-07-14 | 沈阳圣宇液压自控工程有限公司 | High efficiency composite super precision working apparatus |
| CN102259214A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2011-11-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Efficient machining method of controllable ablation metallic material based on electric-spark induction |
| CN204524463U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-05 | 厦门大学 | A kind of electric spark assists milling device |
| CN105215487A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-01-06 | 山东大学 | A kind of fine high-efficiency machining method towards non-conductive hard brittle material and device |
| CN205085509U (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-16 | 温州瓯科科技有限公司 | Spout oxygen electric spark milling process device |
| CN110014199A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-16 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of spherical surface ultrasound energy field assist electrolysis milling device and method |
-
2020
- 2020-01-19 CN CN202010057391.6A patent/CN111230240A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3122628A (en) * | 1963-01-31 | 1964-02-25 | Inone Kiyoshi | Electrical discharge grinding apparatus with automatic electrode reshaping provision |
| US5045161A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-09-03 | National Research Council | Method and apparatus for electrolytically assisting the mechanical shaping of a workpiece |
| CN2328473Y (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-07-14 | 沈阳圣宇液压自控工程有限公司 | High efficiency composite super precision working apparatus |
| CN102259214A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2011-11-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Efficient machining method of controllable ablation metallic material based on electric-spark induction |
| CN204524463U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-08-05 | 厦门大学 | A kind of electric spark assists milling device |
| CN105215487A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-01-06 | 山东大学 | A kind of fine high-efficiency machining method towards non-conductive hard brittle material and device |
| CN205085509U (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-16 | 温州瓯科科技有限公司 | Spout oxygen electric spark milling process device |
| CN110014199A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-16 | 苏州科技大学 | A kind of spherical surface ultrasound energy field assist electrolysis milling device and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 孔庆华: "《特种加工》", 31 May 1997 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101138806B (en) | Supersonic frequency impulse plasma arc cutting method and device | |
| CN103481015B (en) | The strengthening of Electricity Contact Heating assisting ultrasonic vibration surface and finishing processing device and method | |
| CN113414592B (en) | Milling method | |
| CN110480034A (en) | A kind of pulse current and ULTRASONIC COMPLEX assisted machining processing unit (plant) and method | |
| CN105458427B (en) | A kind of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary discharge abrasive machining device and method | |
| CN107671336A (en) | A kind of special ultrasonic vibration servicing unit of milling and its application method | |
| CN88101076A (en) | Galvano-cautery machinery processing a little conduction or non-conductive workpiece method and carry out the electro-erosion machine of this method | |
| CN111250746B (en) | Method and device for electromagnetic sound multi-field composite auxiliary drilling of tiny deep hole | |
| CN105033373A (en) | Ultrasonic-electric combined cutting device and method for SiC single crystal wafer. | |
| CN210996506U (en) | Pulse current and ultrasonic composite auxiliary cutting device | |
| CN212191605U (en) | Auxiliary turning device for electric spark and lathe | |
| CN111230240A (en) | Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling method | |
| CN212191604U (en) | Ultrasonic electric spark auxiliary milling end mill and milling machine | |
| CN112809031A (en) | Electric spark auxiliary ultrasonic vibration turning combined machining equipment and machining method | |
| CN112828319A (en) | Ultrasonic bending vibration auxiliary turning device and method for ceramic matrix composite | |
| CN112643911A (en) | Self-cooling hollow rod ultrasonic knife handle system | |
| CN211074274U (en) | Diamond multi-wire electric spark discharge cutting wire cutting device | |
| CN107042426B (en) | Ultra-long rotary ultrasonic spindle adopting line transmission | |
| CN205324917U (en) | Supplementary abrasive machining device that discharges of ultrasonic vibration | |
| KR20130005613U (en) | Electrical Contact Structure of Ultrasonic Spindle | |
| CN215698021U (en) | Axial and bending vibration ultrasonic main shaft of inside diameter slicer | |
| CN114474439A (en) | Longitudinal-bending composite vibration two-dimensional ultrasonic machining device of inside diameter slicer | |
| CN210360473U (en) | Power-free sound wave vibration auxiliary processing drilling and milling cutter handle | |
| CN111975148A (en) | Electrolytic electric spark machining method for thin slice with high-frequency vibration | |
| CN215033683U (en) | Electric spark auxiliary ultrasonic vibration turning combined machining equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |