CN111229858B - Hollow tube forming process - Google Patents
Hollow tube forming process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111229858B CN111229858B CN202010037204.8A CN202010037204A CN111229858B CN 111229858 B CN111229858 B CN 111229858B CN 202010037204 A CN202010037204 A CN 202010037204A CN 111229858 B CN111229858 B CN 111229858B
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- blank
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- pipe
- lubricating liquid
- annealing
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/16—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes
- B21C1/22—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles
- B21C1/24—Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
- B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow tube forming process, which relates to the technical field of ornament ball processing and solves the problem of high defective rate of hollow balls in the prior art, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. melting raw materials; b. pouring a cylindrical blank; c. heating the blank; d. piercing and rolling; e. annealing after rolling; f. smearing lubricating liquid; g. stretching and rolling; h. cleaning and drying; i. the tube annealing, through the mode of perforating and then stretching and rolling, the hollow tube made of the prepared gold material has no welding position, so that the extending direction of the metal material at each position is easy to control when the metal material is pressed and pressed, and the defective rate of the hollow cylinder obtained by processing is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ornament ball processing, in particular to a hollow tube forming process.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living material level of people at present, people continuously pursue spiritual life, and people like to decorate themselves by jewelry regardless of men, women, old and young.
In the middle of the ball ornaments, there is a hollow ball with two open ends and a diameter of about 4-10mm, the hollow ball is processed in a mode of cutting and grinding after the ball is pressed by the round tube basically during processing, namely, the sheet is processed into a round tube with the diameter basically the same as that of the hollow cylinder, then the round tube is placed in a die for pressing the ball, a die cavity of the die is a string of cavities which are arranged in a straight line and have the same diameter as that of the hollow cylinder when the ball is pressed, a string of balls which are connected in a tail end way are extruded out of the round tube through the die, then the round tube which is deformed by extrusion is cut off, and the rest of the cylinder is ground, thereby obtaining the hollow cylinder with two open ends.
According to the existing processing method for preparing the hollow round beads, a sheet is rolled into a tube shape, then gaps of the tube are welded together in a welding mode, the welded tube penetrates through at least two circular hole wire plates on two sides to remove welding marks on the outer side of the tube, although the welding marks are eliminated, when the tube is pressed in the later period, metal materials at the welding positions are easy to extend towards an unknown direction, and therefore the defective rate of the processed hollow round beads is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hollow tube forming process, which is characterized in that a hollow tube made of a gold material is not welded by a mode of punching and then stretching and rolling, so that the extending direction of metal materials at each position is easy to control during profiling, and the defective rate of the processed hollow cylinder is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hollow tube forming process comprises the following steps:
a. melting raw materials: selecting raw materials with the gold content of more than or equal to 99.99 percent, heating the raw materials to 1150-1200 ℃, and enabling the raw materials to be in a molten state;
b. casting a cylindrical blank: injecting the raw material in a molten state into a casting mold for molding, naturally cooling the raw material to room temperature after the casting is finished, and then taking out the molded cylindrical blank from the mold;
c. heating the blank: placing the cylindrical blank in a heating furnace for heating, heating the cylindrical blank to 900-950 ℃, keeping the temperature of the cylindrical blank in the heating furnace for 600-1000 s after heating to a specified temperature, and taking the cylindrical blank out of the heating furnace after keeping the temperature;
d. piercing and rolling: taking the blank out of the heating furnace, immediately carrying out piercing rolling, and piercing the cylindrical blank by adopting a cross rolling piercing mill, wherein the piercing is a round hole, and the axis of the round hole is coaxial with the axis of the cylindrical blank; the diameter of the round hole obtained by punching is equal to that of the finally prepared pipe; after the piercing is finished, naturally cooling the tube blank to room temperature;
e. annealing after rolling: annealing the rolled tube blank;
f. smearing lubricating liquid: coating lubricating liquid on a core rod of a tube drawing machine;
g. stretching and rolling: after coating, sleeving the tube blank on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, and drawing the tube blank through the tube drawing machine;
h. cleaning and drying: cleaning the lubricating liquid adhered to the pipe by water; after cleaning, drying the surface of the pipe by using hot air;
i. annealing the pipe: and placing the pipe in an annealing furnace for annealing operation.
By adopting the technical scheme, the cylindrical blank is punched by the oblique rolling puncher to form the tube blank, then the hollow tube is formed by drawing the tube blank, and the hollow tube can be formed without welding in the tube forming process, so that the extension directions of metal materials at all parts of the hollow tube are easy to control in the subsequent profiling process, and the defective rate of the processed hollow cylinder is reduced.
The invention is further configured to: and step e, during annealing, putting the tube blank into an annealing furnace for annealing, heating the tube blank to 360-400 ℃ through the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 30min after heating to a specified temperature, taking the tube blank out of the annealing furnace, placing the tube blank into a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, controlling the slow cooling time of the tube blank in the slow cooling pit to be 48-54 h, and taking the tube blank out, wherein the temperature of the tube blank is lower than 60 ℃.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the pipe is when cooling off, puts into the slow cooling hole and when carrying out the slow cooling to the time and the last temperature of taking out of slow cooling are controlled, thereby make the pipe can eliminate the structure stress in the middle of the pipe completely in the middle of the in-process of carrying out the slow cooling, thereby make follow-up in the middle of the follow-up process that carries out the pipe drawing, the damage is difficult to appear to the pipe.
The invention is further configured to: in the step f, the lubricating liquid comprises 35 parts by weight of boron nitride, 45 parts by weight of graphite fluoride, 8 parts by weight of borax, 25 parts by weight of sodium phosphate and 20 parts by weight of water.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lubricating liquid can reduce the friction force between the pipe and the core column by selecting the proportion of the components of the lubricating liquid, so that the damage to the inner wall of the pipe blank in the process of pipe drawing is prevented.
The invention is further configured to: in the step f, coating is carried out by using a coating device when the lubricating liquid is coated on the inner side of the tube blank.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through using the coating device to carry out the coating of lubricating fluid to the pipe billet inboard for the coating operation is faster and can be more even at the inner wall coating of pipe billet lubricating fluid.
The invention is further configured to: in the step g, the deformation of each drawing is kept between 40 and 50 percent and is not more than 50 percent, and the pipe with the designed thickness is obtained after multiple drawing operations.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tube blank is not easy to damage in the process of drawing operation by controlling the deformation of drawing at each time.
The invention is further configured to: and h, completely immersing the pipe into water during cleaning, taking the coating device which does not absorb the lubricating liquid, and enabling the coating device to pass through the pipe back and forth to clean the inner wall of the pipe.
By adopting the technical scheme, the inner wall of the pipe is cleaned by adopting the coating device, so that the cleaning process is more convenient and quicker, and the inner wall of the pipe can be cleaned more cleanly.
The invention is further configured to: in the step i, the pipe blank is heated to 360-400 ℃ through an annealing furnace, the temperature is kept for 20min after the pipe blank is heated to the specified temperature, and then the pipe blank is taken out of the annealing furnace and cooled to room temperature in air.
By adopting the technical scheme, the structural stress generated in the process of drawing the pipe is eliminated by annealing.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the oblique rolling puncher is used for punching the cylindrical blank to form the tube blank, then the hollow tube is manufactured in a manner of drawing the tube blank, and the hollow tube can be manufactured without welding in the tube manufacturing process, so that the extension direction of metal materials at each position of the hollow tube is easy to control in the subsequent profiling process, and the defective rate of the processed hollow cylinder is reduced;
2. according to the invention, the coating device is used for coating the lubricating liquid on the inner side of the tube blank, so that the coating operation is quicker and the lubricating liquid can be more uniformly coated on the inner wall of the tube blank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the completed structure of the first embodiment;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of the entire structure of the first embodiment.
In the figure: 1. a receiving cylinder; 11. an injection hole; 12. a hole of abdication; 2. coating a sleeve; 3. an absorbent sleeve; 4. connecting blocks; 5. pulling a rope; 6. a sealing plug; 7. and (6) rotating the block.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: a coating device for coating lubricating liquid, see fig. 1 and fig. 2, comprises a cylindrical accommodating cylinder 1 with a hollow interior, a coating sleeve 2 sleeved outside the accommodating cylinder 1, an absorption sleeve 3 arranged in the accommodating cylinder 1 and a pull rope 5 fixedly connected to one end of the accommodating cylinder 1. A plurality of holes of stepping down 12 around holding 1 axis evenly distributed of a section of thick bamboo are seted up in the outside of holding 1, are provided with connecting block 4 in the middle of the hole of stepping down 12, and connecting block 4 is close to absorbing set 3 one side and is in the same place with absorbing set 3 fixed connection, and connecting block 4 is close to coating set 2 one side and is in the same place with coating set 2 fixed connection. The coating sleeve 2, the connecting block 4 and the absorbing sleeve 3 are all made of sponge materials, and the outer diameter of the coating sleeve 2 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the tube blank; when the lubricating oil on the inner side of the tube blank is coated, the lubricating oil is injected into the containing cylinder 1, the pull rope 5 penetrates through the tube blank, then the pull rope 5 is pulled to drive the coating sleeve 2 and the containing cylinder 1 to penetrate through the tube blank together, and in the process of penetrating, the coating sleeve 2 uniformly coats the lubricating oil on the inner side of the tube blank.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cavity in the containing cylinder 1 is arranged in a cylindrical shape, the outer diameter of the absorbing sleeve 3 is equal to the diameter of the cavity, and the inner diameter of the coating sleeve 2 is equal to the diameter of the containing cylinder 1; one side that holds a section of thick bamboo 1 and deviates from stay cord 5 is seted up and is run through filling hole 11 that holds a section of thick bamboo 1 lateral wall, and filling hole 11 is the round hole, is provided with sealing plug 6 of threaded connection in the middle of holding a section of thick bamboo 1 in the filling hole 11, and sealing plug 6 deviates from one side fixedly connected with turning block 7 that holds a section of thick bamboo 1, and the cross-section of turning block 7 is regular hexagon setting. When the lubricating liquid is injected, the sealing plug 6 is rotated, the sealing plug 6 is taken out from the injection hole 11, then the lubricating liquid is injected, and the injection hole 11 is sealed through the sealing plug 6.
The working principle of the coating device for coating the lubricating liquid when in use is as follows: when the lubricating oil on the inner side of the tube blank is coated, the lubricating oil is injected into the containing cylinder 1, the pull rope 5 penetrates through the tube blank, then the pull rope 5 is pulled to drive the coating sleeve 2 and the containing cylinder 1 to penetrate through the tube blank together, and in the process of penetrating, the coating sleeve 2 uniformly coats the lubricating oil on the inner side of the tube blank.
Example two: a hollow tube forming process comprises the following steps:
a. melting raw materials: selecting a raw material with the gold content of more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and heating the raw material to 1150 ℃ to ensure that the raw material is in a molten state;
b. casting a cylindrical blank: injecting the raw material in a molten state into a casting mold for molding, naturally cooling the raw material to room temperature after the casting is finished, and then taking out the molded cylindrical blank from the mold;
c. heating the blank: placing the cylindrical blank in a heating furnace for heating, heating the cylindrical blank to 900 ℃, keeping the temperature of the cylindrical blank in the heating furnace for 600s after heating to a specified temperature, and taking the cylindrical blank out of the heating furnace after keeping the temperature; a step-type heating furnace is adopted for heating in the heating process;
d. piercing and rolling: taking the blank out of the heating furnace, immediately carrying out piercing rolling, and piercing the cylindrical blank by adopting a cross rolling piercing mill, wherein the piercing is a round hole, and the axis of the round hole is coaxial with the axis of the cylindrical blank; the diameter of the round hole obtained by punching is equal to that of the finally prepared pipe; after the piercing is finished, naturally cooling the tube blank to room temperature;
e. annealing after rolling: the tube blank which is punched and rolled and cooled to room temperature has residual stress, in order to ensure the normal operation of the later drawing operation, the tube blank needs to be firstly annealed, the tube blank is put into an annealing furnace for annealing during annealing, the tube blank is heated to 360 ℃ by the annealing furnace and is kept warm for 30min after being heated to a specified temperature, then the tube blank is taken out of the annealing furnace, then the tube blank is placed into a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, the slow cooling time of the tube blank in the slow cooling pit is controlled to be 48h, and the temperature of the tube blank is lower than 60 ℃ when the tube blank is taken out;
f. smearing lubricating liquid: coating a core rod of a tube drawing machine with a lubricating liquid, wherein the lubricating liquid comprises 35 parts by weight of boron nitride, 45 parts by weight of graphite fluoride, 8 parts by weight of borax, 25 parts by weight of sodium phosphate and 20 parts by weight of water; after all components in the lubricating liquid are uniformly mixed, the lubricating liquid is coated on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, the inner side of a tube blank is also coated with the lubricating liquid, and a coating device is adopted for coating when the inner side of the tube blank is coated with the lubricating liquid;
g. stretching and rolling: after coating, sleeving the tube blank on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, drawing the tube blank through the tube drawing machine, wherein the deformation of each drawing is kept at 40% and cannot exceed 50%, and obtaining the tube with the designed thickness after multiple drawing operations;
h. cleaning and drying: cleaning the lubricating liquid adhered to the pipe by water, completely immersing the pipe into the water during cleaning, taking the coating device which does not absorb the lubricating liquid, and enabling the coating device to pass through the pipe back and forth to clean the inner wall of the pipe; after cleaning, drying the surface of the pipe by using hot air;
i. annealing the pipe: and (3) placing the pipe in an annealing furnace for annealing operation, heating the pipe blank to 360 ℃ through the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 20min after heating to a specified temperature, taking the pipe blank out of the annealing furnace, and cooling the pipe blank to room temperature in air.
Example three: a hollow tube forming process comprises the following steps:
a. melting raw materials: selecting a raw material with the gold content of more than or equal to 99.99%, and heating the raw material to 1175 ℃ to enable the raw material to be in a molten state;
b. casting a cylindrical blank: injecting the raw material in a molten state into a casting mold for molding, naturally cooling the raw material to room temperature after the casting is finished, and then taking out the molded cylindrical blank from the mold;
c. heating the blank: placing the cylindrical blank in a heating furnace for heating, heating the cylindrical blank to 925 ℃, keeping the temperature of the cylindrical blank in the heating furnace for 800s after heating to a specified temperature, and taking the blank out of the heating furnace after keeping the temperature; a step-type heating furnace is adopted for heating in the heating process;
d. piercing and rolling: taking the blank out of the heating furnace, immediately carrying out piercing rolling, and piercing the cylindrical blank by adopting a cross rolling piercing mill, wherein the piercing is a round hole, and the axis of the round hole is coaxial with the axis of the cylindrical blank; the diameter of the round hole obtained by punching is equal to that of the finally prepared pipe; after the piercing is finished, naturally cooling the tube blank to room temperature;
e. annealing after rolling: the tube blank which is punched and rolled and cooled to room temperature has residual stress, in order to ensure the normal operation of the later drawing operation, the tube blank needs to be firstly annealed, the tube blank is put into an annealing furnace for annealing during annealing, the tube blank is heated to 380 ℃ by the annealing furnace and is kept warm for 30min after being heated to a specified temperature, then the tube blank is taken out of the annealing furnace, then the tube blank is placed into a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, the slow cooling time of the tube blank in the slow cooling pit is controlled to be 51h, and the temperature of the tube blank is lower than 60 ℃ when the tube blank is taken out;
f. smearing lubricating liquid: coating a core rod of a tube drawing machine with a lubricating liquid, wherein the lubricating liquid comprises 35 parts by weight of boron nitride, 45 parts by weight of graphite fluoride, 8 parts by weight of borax, 25 parts by weight of sodium phosphate and 20 parts by weight of water; after all components in the lubricating liquid are uniformly mixed, the lubricating liquid is coated on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, the inner side of a tube blank is also coated with the lubricating liquid, and a coating device is adopted for coating when the inner side of the tube blank is coated with the lubricating liquid;
g. stretching and rolling: after coating, sleeving the tube blank on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, drawing the tube blank through the tube drawing machine, wherein the deformation of each drawing is kept at 45% and cannot exceed 50%, and obtaining the tube with the designed thickness after multiple drawing operations;
h. cleaning and drying: cleaning the lubricating liquid adhered to the pipe by water, completely immersing the pipe into the water during cleaning, taking the coating device which does not absorb the lubricating liquid, and enabling the coating device to pass through the pipe back and forth to clean the inner wall of the pipe; after cleaning, drying the surface of the pipe by using hot air;
i. annealing the pipe: and (3) placing the pipe in an annealing furnace for annealing operation, heating the pipe blank to 380 ℃ through the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 20min after heating to a specified temperature, taking the pipe blank out of the annealing furnace, and cooling the pipe blank to room temperature in air.
Example four: a hollow tube forming process comprises the following steps:
a. melting raw materials: selecting a raw material with the gold content of more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and heating the raw material to 1200 ℃ to ensure that the raw material is in a molten state;
b. casting a cylindrical blank: injecting the raw material in a molten state into a casting mold for molding, naturally cooling the raw material to room temperature after the casting is finished, and then taking out the molded cylindrical blank from the mold;
c. heating the blank: placing the cylindrical blank in a heating furnace for heating, heating the cylindrical blank to 950 ℃, keeping the temperature of the cylindrical blank in the heating furnace for 1000s after heating to a specified temperature, and taking the blank out of the heating furnace after keeping the temperature; a step-type heating furnace is adopted for heating in the heating process;
d. piercing and rolling: taking the blank out of the heating furnace, immediately carrying out piercing rolling, and piercing the cylindrical blank by adopting a cross rolling piercing mill, wherein the piercing is a round hole, and the axis of the round hole is coaxial with the axis of the cylindrical blank; the diameter of the round hole obtained by punching is equal to that of the finally prepared pipe; after the piercing is finished, naturally cooling the tube blank to room temperature;
e. annealing after rolling: the tube blank which is punched and rolled and cooled to room temperature has residual stress, in order to ensure the normal operation of the later drawing operation, the tube blank needs to be firstly annealed, the tube blank is put into an annealing furnace for annealing during annealing, the tube blank is heated to 400 ℃ by the annealing furnace and is kept warm for 30min after being heated to a specified temperature, then the tube blank is taken out of the annealing furnace, then the tube blank is placed into a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, the slow cooling time of the tube blank in the slow cooling pit is controlled to be 54h, and the temperature of the tube blank is lower than 60 ℃ when the tube blank is taken out;
f. smearing lubricating liquid: coating a core rod of a tube drawing machine with a lubricating liquid, wherein the lubricating liquid comprises 35 parts by weight of boron nitride, 45 parts by weight of graphite fluoride, 8 parts by weight of borax, 25 parts by weight of sodium phosphate and 20 parts by weight of water; after all components in the lubricating liquid are uniformly mixed, the lubricating liquid is coated on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, the inner side of a tube blank is also coated with the lubricating liquid, and a coating device is adopted for coating when the inner side of the tube blank is coated with the lubricating liquid;
g. stretching and rolling: after coating, sleeving the tube blank on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, drawing the tube blank through the tube drawing machine, wherein the deformation of each drawing is kept at 50% and cannot exceed 50%, and obtaining the tube with the designed thickness after multiple drawing operations;
h. cleaning and drying: cleaning the lubricating liquid adhered to the pipe by water, completely immersing the pipe into the water during cleaning, taking the coating device which does not absorb the lubricating liquid, and enabling the coating device to pass through the pipe back and forth to clean the inner wall of the pipe; after cleaning, drying the surface of the pipe by using hot air;
i. annealing the pipe: and (3) placing the pipe in an annealing furnace for annealing operation, heating the pipe blank to 400 ℃ through the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 20min after heating to a specified temperature, taking the pipe blank out of the annealing furnace, and cooling the pipe blank to room temperature in air.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hollow tube forming process is applied to a processing method for preparing hollow round beads, and comprises the following steps: a. melting raw materials; b. pouring a cylindrical blank; c. heating the blank; d. piercing and rolling; e. annealing after rolling; f. coating with a lubricating liquid; g. stretching and rolling; h. cleaning and drying; i. annealing the pipe; characterized in that in step f, which is performed between step e of annealing after rolling and step g of elongation rolling, a lubricating liquid is coated on the inner side of the pipe blank; step d is used for preparing the tube blank with the perforation; step g, stretching the tube blank with the through hole into a tube; step g, after coating is finished, sleeving the tube blank on a core rod of a tube drawing machine, and drawing the tube blank through the tube drawing machine; in the step d, the diameter of a round hole obtained by punching the cylindrical blank is equal to the diameter of the finally prepared pipe;
the coating device for coating the lubricating liquid comprises a cylindrical accommodating cylinder (1) which is hollow inside, a coating sleeve (2) sleeved outside the accommodating cylinder (1), an absorption sleeve (3) arranged in the accommodating cylinder (1) and a pull rope (5) fixedly connected to one end of the accommodating cylinder (1); a plurality of abdicating holes (12) which are uniformly distributed around the axis of the accommodating cylinder (1) are formed in the outer side of the accommodating cylinder (1), a connecting block (4) is arranged in each abdicating hole (12), one side, close to the absorption sleeve (3), of the connecting block (4) is fixedly connected with the absorption sleeve (3), and one side, close to the coating sleeve (2), of the connecting block (4) is fixedly connected with the coating sleeve (2); the coating sleeve (2), the connecting block (4) and the absorbing sleeve (3) are all made of sponge materials, and the outer diameter of the coating sleeve (2) is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the tube blank manufactured in the step d;
when the lubricating liquid on the inner side of the tube blank is coated, the lubricating liquid is injected into the containing cylinder (1), the pull rope (5) penetrates through the tube blank, then the pull rope (5) is pulled to drive the coating sleeve (2) and the containing cylinder (1) to penetrate through the tube blank together, and in the process of penetrating, the coating sleeve (2) uniformly coats the lubricating liquid on the inner side of the tube blank.
2. The process of forming a hollow tube of claim 1, wherein:
in the step a, selecting a raw material with the gold content of more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and heating the raw material to 1150-1200 ℃ to ensure that the raw material is in a molten state;
in the step b, injecting the raw material in a molten state into a casting mold for molding, naturally cooling the raw material to room temperature after the casting is finished, and then taking out the molded cylindrical blank from the mold;
step c, placing the cylindrical blank in a heating furnace for heating, heating the cylindrical blank to 900-950 ℃, keeping the temperature of the cylindrical blank in the heating furnace for 600-1000 s after heating to a specified temperature, and taking the cylindrical blank out of the heating furnace after keeping the temperature;
in the step d, after the cylindrical blank is taken out of the heating furnace, piercing and rolling are immediately carried out, a cross rolling piercing mill is adopted to pierce the cylindrical blank, the piercing is a round hole, and the axis of the round hole is coaxial with the axis of the cylindrical blank so as to prepare a tube blank; after the piercing is finished, naturally cooling the tube blank to room temperature;
step e, annealing the rolled tube blank;
step f, coating lubricating liquid on the core rod of the tube drawing machine and the inner side of the tube blank;
in the step h, cleaning the lubricating liquid adhered to the pipe by water; after cleaning, drying the surface of the pipe by using hot air;
and in the step i, the pipe is placed in an annealing furnace for annealing operation.
3. The process of forming a hollow tube of claim 2, wherein: and e, annealing the tube blank in an annealing furnace during annealing, heating the tube blank to 360-400 ℃ through the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 30min after heating to a specified temperature, taking out the tube blank from the annealing furnace, placing the tube blank in a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, controlling the slow cooling time of the tube blank in the slow cooling pit to be 48-54 h, and taking out the tube blank, wherein the temperature of the tube blank is lower than 60 ℃.
4. The process of forming a hollow tube of claim 1, wherein: in the step f, the lubricating liquid consists of 35 parts by weight of boron nitride, 45 parts by weight of graphite fluoride, 8 parts by weight of borax, 25 parts by weight of sodium phosphate and 20 parts by weight of water.
5. The process of forming a hollow tube of claim 2, wherein:
step g, keeping the deformation of each stretching within the range of 40-50% and not exceeding 50%, and obtaining a pipe with a designed thickness after multiple stretching operations;
in the step i, the pipe is heated to 360-400 ℃ through an annealing furnace, the temperature is kept for 20min after the pipe is heated to the specified temperature, and then the pipe is taken out of the annealing furnace and cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
6. The process of forming a hollow tube of claim 1, wherein: in the step h, the pipe is completely immersed into water during cleaning, the coating device which does not absorb the lubricating liquid is taken, and the coating device passes through the pipe back and forth, so that the inner wall of the pipe is cleaned.
7. The hollow tube forming process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the cavity in the accommodating cylinder (1) is arranged in a cylindrical shape, the outer diameter of the absorption sleeve (3) is equal to the diameter of the cavity in the accommodating cylinder (1), and the inner diameter of the coating sleeve (2) is equal to the outer diameter of the accommodating cylinder (1); an injection hole (11) penetrating through the side wall of the accommodating cylinder (1) is formed in one side, away from the pull rope (5), of the accommodating cylinder (1), the injection hole (11) is a round hole, a sealing plug (6) in threaded connection with the accommodating cylinder (1) is arranged in the injection hole (11), a rotating block (7) is fixedly connected to one side, away from the accommodating cylinder (1), of the sealing plug (6), and the section of the rotating block (7) is arranged in a regular hexagon shape; when lubricating liquid is injected, the sealing plug (6) is rotated, the sealing plug (6) is taken out from the injection hole (11), then the lubricating liquid is injected, and the injection hole (11) is sealed through the sealing plug (6).
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