CN111229826A - Comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN111229826A CN111229826A CN202010208945.8A CN202010208945A CN111229826A CN 111229826 A CN111229826 A CN 111229826A CN 202010208945 A CN202010208945 A CN 202010208945A CN 111229826 A CN111229826 A CN 111229826A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
A comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil relates to the technical field of soil pollution remediation, and is characterized in that leaf mustard or rape is selected as a plant for absorbing heavy metals, and is mixed with phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria for use. The root exudates of the plants can provide nutrient substances required by the survival of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and various organic acids secreted by the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria can dissolve and convert heavy metals in the soil into phosphate which can be quickly absorbed by the plants, so that the soil restoration effect of the plants is promoted. The comprehensive remediation method for the heavy metal contaminated soil has the advantages of good environmental friendliness, high absorption efficiency of the heavy metal in the soil, wide absorption range and good practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil pollution remediation, in particular to a comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil.
Background
Soil is an important resource for the natural environment and agriculture of human life, and the global grain, resource and environmental problems are closely related to soil. However, with the continuous acceleration of the industrialization, rural intensification and urbanization process in China, the polluted soil area is continuously enlarged, and the problem of soil pollution is increasingly serious.
Soil pollutants can be broadly classified into two broad categories, inorganic pollutants and organic pollutants. The inorganic pollutants mainly comprise acid, alkali, heavy metal, salts, compounds of radioactive elements cesium and strontium, compounds containing arsenic, selenium and fluorine, and the like. The organic pollutants mainly comprise organic pesticides, phenols, cyanides, petroleum, synthetic detergents, 3, 4-benzopyrene, harmful microorganisms brought by municipal sewage, sludge and animal manure, and the like.
According to 2014, the national soil pollution condition survey bulletin shows that the national soil total pollution standard exceeding rate is 16.1%. Soil contamination not only seriously affects soil quality and land productivity, but also can infiltrate down contaminated groundwater through leaching and pose a threat to human and animal and plant health along with the food chain. In particular, the heavy metals cause soil pollution, the harm is large, and the treatment difficulty is large. Therefore, the research on the remediation technology of the heavy metal contaminated soil gradually becomes one of the hot spots of the research in China.
At present, the treatment methods of the heavy metals in the soil mainly comprise physical, chemical-physical and biological methods and the like. The development of the comprehensive remediation method of the heavy metal contaminated soil, which can remove the heavy metal pollutants in the soil and improve the nutrients in the soil, is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil, which has good environmental friendliness and can effectively absorb heavy metals contained in the soil by adopting a biological treatment mode.
The invention discloses a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
sowing seeds of plants in the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired, wherein the plants are at least one of mustard and rape;
and (3) pouring the phosphate-dissolving bacterium culture solution into a sowing pit of the plant seeds while sowing the plant seeds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which selects leaf mustard or rape as a plant for absorbing heavy metals and mixes the leaf mustard or the rape with phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria for use. The root exudates of the plants can provide nutrient substances required by the survival of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and various organic acids secreted by the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria can dissolve and convert heavy metals in the soil into phosphate which can be quickly absorbed by the plants, so that the soil restoration effect of the plants is promoted. The comprehensive remediation method for the heavy metal contaminated soil has the advantages of good environmental friendliness, high absorption efficiency of the heavy metal in the soil, wide absorption range and good practical value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil according to the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
The invention discloses a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sowing seeds of plants in the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired, wherein the plants are at least one of mustard and rape;
s2, at the same time of sowing the plant seeds, pouring the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution into the sowing pit of the plant seeds.
The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria can secrete a large amount of organic acids such as citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and the like in the growth process, and the organic acids can utilize carboxyl and hydroxyl to generate chelation with heavy metals in soil, so that insoluble heavy metals are converted into soluble chelated heavy metals, and plants are promoted to absorb the heavy metals; on the other hand, the organic acid can effectively dissolve phosphate minerals to generate soluble phosphate ions, and the absorption of plants to phosphorus is promoted.
Wherein the content of the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is (5.0-8.0) multiplied by 107CFU/ml. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria include any one of bacillus and pseudomonas. Preferably, in other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the amount of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria culture solution poured into each sowing pit is 50 to 100 ml. Within the dosage range, the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria can form better symbiotic relationship with plants, and the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria have better promotion effects on the growth of the plants and the absorption of heavy metals。
Optionally, the invention discloses a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, further comprising: before sowing seeds of plants, the pH value of the heavy metal contaminated soil is adjusted to 4-7. In order to ensure the normal growth of plants and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, when sowing is carried out in some soils with high acidity or alkalinity, the pH of the soil needs to be adjusted to a proper range. Wherein, the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil with larger acidity is adjusted by adopting plant ash or quicklime; the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil with high alkalinity is adjusted by adopting aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate. The pH value of the soil can be adjusted, and simultaneously, the nutrient substances in the soil can be increased.
In other preferred embodiments of the invention, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers are applied periodically after seeding is completed. Wherein the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer is sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate. As a large amount of organic acid is secreted in the growth process of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, in order to keep the pH value of the soil in a range beneficial to the growth of plants, the pH value of the soil can be increased by applying alkaline fertilizer. The solution of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is alkaline, is insoluble in water, but can be well decomposed by organic acid secreted by phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and then absorbed by plants. Sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate is absorbed by the root system of the plant in the soil, carbonate is replaced from the root system of the plant, and the carbonate reacts with excessive organic acid to maintain the pH value of the soil. It is worth noting that the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the sodium nitrate and the potassium nitrate are prevented from being used simultaneously, and the phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer are preferably applied alternately to avoid the reaction of the phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer.
Preferably, the planting density of the plants is 25-35 plants/m2. Under the planting conditions, the growth vigor of the plants is better, and the effect of absorbing heavy metals in the soil is better.
Further, the soil temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃ within 48 hours after the sowing. The method of maintaining the temperature includes a conventional coating, irradiation with a heat lamp, and the like. The heat preservation in the initial stage of sowing is beneficial to keeping the activity of the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, and the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria rapidly increase the value to form bacterial colonies.
Optionally, the heavy metal in the heavy metal contaminated soil comprises at least one of cadmium, chromium, copper and lead. The comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil provided by the invention has a better treatment effect on single or compound pollution formed by heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and the like, and has the advantages of higher efficiency and wider application range.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 6-7.
S2, sowing seeds of the leaf mustard in the regulated heavy metal polluted soil, wherein the sowing density is 30 plants/m2。
S3, at the same time of sowing the mustard seeds, 100ml of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is poured into the sowing pit of the mustard seeds. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Bacillus, and the content is 5.0 × 107CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 35 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 5-6.
S2, sowing seeds of the leaf mustard in the regulated heavy metal polluted soil, wherein the sowing density is 20 plants/m2。
S3, pouring 50ml of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution into the sowing pit of the mustard seeds while sowing the mustard seeds. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Pseudomonas (8.0 × 10)7CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 35 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 4-5.
S2, sowing seeds of leaf mustard in the regulated heavy metal contaminated soil, wherein the sowing density is 35 plants/m2。
S3, pouring 80ml of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution into the sowing pit of the mustard seeds while sowing the mustard seeds. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Bacillus with content of 6.0 × 107CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 25 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 6-7.
S2, sowing rape seeds in the regulated heavy metal contaminated soil, wherein the sowing density is 30 plants/m2。
S3, at the same time of sowing rape seeds, 100ml of phosphate-solubilizing culture solution is poured into the sowing pit of the rape seeds. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Bacillus, and the content is 5.0 × 107CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 30 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 6-7.
S2, sowing rape seeds in the regulated heavy metal contaminated soil, wherein the sowing density is 20 plants/m2。
S3, sowing rape seeds and at the same time, sowing the rape seeds in the sowing pits80ml of phosphate solubilizing bacteria culture medium was poured. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Pseudomonas with a content of 7.0 × 107CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 25 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 6-7.
S2, sowing seeds of the leaf mustard in the regulated heavy metal polluted soil, wherein the sowing density is 30 plants/m2。
And S3, backfilling the seeding pits, and periodically applying water and fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 6-7.
S2, sowing rape seeds in the regulated heavy metal contaminated soil, wherein the sowing density is 30 plants/m2。
And S3, backfilling the seeding pits, and periodically applying water and fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 8-9.
S2, sowing seeds of the leaf mustard in the regulated heavy metal polluted soil, wherein the sowing density is 30 plants/m2。
S3, at the same time of sowing the mustard seeds, 100ml of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is poured into the sowing pit of the mustard seeds. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Bacillus, and the content is 5.0 × 107CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 35 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example provides a comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil to be repaired to 6-7.
S2, sowing seeds of the leaf mustard in the regulated heavy metal polluted soil, wherein the sowing density is 30 plants/m2。
S3, at the same time of sowing the mustard seeds, 100ml of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is poured into the sowing pit of the mustard seeds. Wherein the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria in the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria culture solution is Bacillus, and the content is 5.0 × 107CFU/ml。
S4, backfilling the seeding pits, and keeping the soil temperature at 15 ℃ for 48 hours after seeding. Then planting in a conventional manner, and regularly applying water and fertilizer.
Test examples
Selecting 9 test fields (3 m multiplied by 3 m) with the same size, measuring the heavy metal content in the soil in each test field before testing, then respectively adopting the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4 to repair the 9 test fields, measuring the heavy metal content in the soil in each test field after 30 days, and calculating the removal rate. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 soil heavy metal removal test results
As shown in Table 1, the removal rate of heavy metals by the method of the embodiment 1-5 of the invention reaches more than 50%, wherein the removal rate of cadmium and lead by mustard is higher and reaches about 70%. In contrast, the comparative examples 1 and 2 do not adopt the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria to be matched with plants for absorption, the removal effect on heavy metals is poor, and the removal rate is only up to 20.5%. In the comparative example 3, the soil is high in alkalinity, so that the growth of plants and phosphorus-dissolving bacteria is not facilitated, and the removal rate of heavy metals is obviously reduced. In comparative example 4, the soil temperature after sowing was low, and the removal rate of heavy metals was also affected to some extent, but the effect was not as great as that of pH.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil, which selects leaf mustard or rape as a plant for absorbing heavy metals, and mixes the leaf mustard or the rape with phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria for use. The root exudates of the plants can provide nutrient substances required by the survival of the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and various organic acids secreted by the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria can dissolve and convert heavy metals in the soil into phosphate which can be quickly absorbed by the plants, so that the soil restoration effect of the plants is promoted. The comprehensive remediation method for the heavy metal contaminated soil has the advantages of good environmental friendliness, high absorption efficiency of the heavy metal in the soil, wide absorption range and good practical value.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The comprehensive remediation method for the heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
sowing seeds of plants in the heavy metal contaminated soil to be repaired, wherein the plants are at least one of mustard and rape;
and (3) pouring the phosphate-solubilizing bacterium culture solution into a sowing pit of the plant seeds while sowing the plant seeds.
2. The comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the content of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the phosphate solubilizing bacteria culture solution is (5.0-8.0) x 107CFU/ml。
3. The comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria culture solution poured into each seeding pit is 50-100 ml.
4. The comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 3, wherein said phosphate solubilizing bacteria comprise any one of bacillus and pseudomonas.
5. The comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal-contaminated soil according to claim 1, further comprising adjusting the pH of the heavy metal-contaminated soil to 4-7 before sowing seeds of the plant.
6. The comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 5, wherein the pH value of the heavy metal contaminated soil with high acidity is adjusted by using plant ash or quicklime; and adjusting the pH value of the heavy metal polluted soil with high alkalinity by adopting aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate.
7. The comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 6, wherein after seeding is completed, nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are periodically applied; wherein the phosphate fertilizer is a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate.
8. The comprehensive remediation method for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the planting density of the plants is 25-35 plants/m2。
9. The comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil temperature is controlled to be 25-35 ℃ within 48 hours after seeding is completed.
10. The comprehensive remediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the heavy metal in the heavy metal contaminated soil comprises at least one of cadmium, chromium, copper and lead.
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2020
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Application publication date: 20200605 |