CN1112294C - Method for operating automatic clutch and method for detecting temp. sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

Shower attachment is elongated and has brush fitting for cleaning parts of the body, particularly the back, which are difficult to reach. Attachment is mounted conventionally on a shower hose and the fitting is replaceable for hygiene reasons.

Description

The method of operating automatic clutch

Technical field

The present invention relates to method that places the self-acting clutch of a motor vehicle transmission route of an operation.The invention still further relates to one and check that one places in the reactor, and particularly place the method for the temperature sensor in the reactor of a self-acting clutch.

Background technology

So far the clutch of the operated by foot in self-propelled vehicle is done the automation setting and is popularized increasedly gradually.This power-transfer clutch brings a kind of traveling comfort of obvious improvement on the one hand, on the other hand, they are inevitable under the also manual so far shift transmission situation of automation setting especially and make a self-propelled vehicle of having equipped traditional automation change speed gear box bring traveling comfort in this regard, though not more consumption.

At a reaction clutch device, for example in motor, for the operation transmission of this power-transfer clutch itself, great majority are equipped with one and send cylinder, and its transmission piston is operated by this reactor; Also be equipped with one by conduit under fluid pressure and this transmission cylinder bonded assembly reception cylinder, its reception piston is operated clutch directly.Under low temperature conditions, the kinematic viscosity of this hydraulic fluid can increase consumingly.Just cause the line pressure that improves like this when opening power-transfer clutch, and then will cause danger at reactor under the very high power situation, that is, these hydraulic packages are owing to not allowing too high line pressure to be damaged.But when the power of reactor was limited, then along with the decrease of temperature moving velocity also just descends, therefore, possible pressure raises can not cause the structural constituent overload.

When power-transfer clutch was closed, the application force of clutch reset spring must be to compensating at the ducted loss of pressure that sends cylinder and receive between the cylinder.The danger that exists when low temperature is, this loss of pressure spring that can not be reset compensates, and therefore, produces a negative pressure in the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder, and it will cause, and the hydraulic efficiency pressure system of being made up of two epitrochoidal chambers and corresponding pipeline forms self swabbing.So just may cause serious functional fault.

Summary of the invention

Task of the present invention is to be provided with the method for a self-acting clutch of an operation, and by it, the above-described problem that takes place under low temperature just can be avoided reliably.

Another task of the present invention is to be provided with one to check in the reactor, especially for the method for the temperature sensor of a self-acting clutch,, just can determine in simple mode whether this temperature sensor is in normal mode of operation by it.

According to the present invention, proposed to be used for operating the method for a self-acting clutch at a motor vehicle transmission route, wherein, transmission piston in a transmission cylinder of a reactor operation; The pipeline that moves through of this transmission piston is transferred on the reception piston of working in a reception cylinder with hydraulic way, this reception piston can drive the executive component of a power-transfer clutch in opening of power-transfer clutch overcomes retracing spring on the direction power, this transmission piston has a check valve, it can realize the overflow the epitrochoidal chamber of a hydraulic fluid from a counter balance pocket to the transmission cylinder, wherein, this reactor is so controlled, promptly, when the low temperature that the kinematic viscosity of hydraulic fluid can increase strongly, and when the transmission piston moves along the direction that makes the epitrochoidal chamber increase that is sending in the cylinder, the high pressure that retracing spring transmitted by power-transfer clutch is kept in epitrochoidal chamber continuously, therefore, when this motion, the hydraulic fluid of epitrochoidal chamber can not overflow in the counter balance pocket.Reaching, the high pressure in the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder under any circumstance all keeps continuously by the control reactor, and then so that guarantee, swabbing that can generation systems.This point can realize so that promptly the retracing spring of power-transfer clutch is strengthened by additional measure.

According to a favourable configuration, when the temperature of hydraulic fluid is measured, be favourable.Equally, according to a favourable configuration, when the temperature of hydraulic fluid is obtained by calculating, be significant, wherein, the temperature of hydraulic fluid is for example obtained or places identical with it by external air temperature calculating.

Yet particularly advantageous is that the kinematic velocity that sends piston is reduced when low temperature.Simultaneously, may particularly advantageously be that the kinematic velocity that sends piston is reduced by one-way ground when reaching or be lower than a temperature limit value.Particularly advantageously in addition be, when low temperature, send piston in the square upward speed that reduces along the epitrochoidal chamber size that sends cylinder greater than its speed in the opposite direction.

According to the method described above, advantageously, the kinematic velocity that sends piston when temperature below-10 ℃, be preferably in below-15 ℃ and particularly advantageous be to be lowered in time below-20 ℃.Can realize thus, reduce speed though send piston on the closing direction of power-transfer clutch, it is short as far as possible that the clutch operating circulation totally also keeps.

According to the present invention, proposed to have characterized second solution of task of the present invention, promptly proposed to be used for operating the method for a self-acting clutch at the drive path of a self-propelled vehicle, wherein, transmission piston in sending cylinder of a reactor operation; The pipeline that moves through that sends piston is delivered in the motion of a reception piston of working in receiving cylinder with hydraulic way; This reception piston can overcome the executive component of a power-transfer clutch of power driving of a retracing spring on the opening direction of power-transfer clutch, this transmission piston has a check valve, and it can make hydraulic fluid realize an overflow from a counter balance pocket to the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder; Simultaneously, this end position corresponding to the minimum volume that receives the cylinder working chamber that receives piston is consistent with the position of the complete closure of power-transfer clutch, this transmission piston when the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder enlarges, can move and cross one send constitute on the casing wall and be connected a deflation hole on the hydraulic fluid container, therefore, this epitrochoidal chamber is stress-free, and power-transfer clutch is closed fully, can be in order to control by the torque peak of power-transfer clutch transmission, the motion that this transmission piston is not crossed this deflation hole for closed this power-transfer clutch usually, wherein, this transmission piston is along with the temperature of falling under hydraulic fluid passive movement under the situation of the closing course number increase of power-transfer clutch is crossed this deflation hole.Whenever this transmission piston is crossed deflation hole when motion, this system is with regard to loss of pressure, therefore does subsequently to cross this deflation hole when power-transfer clutch is opened moving on the direction and just produced the incipient state of determining sending piston.

According to a favourable configuration, this transmission piston under low temperature conditions after the circulation of each clutch operating passive movement cross this deflation hole.Realize an extra high clutch operating safety thus.According to a favourable configuration, this engine temperature T _MotWith external air temperature T _LuftMeasured; The temperature T of hydraulic fluid _F1Obtain according to following formula calculating:

T _F1，i+1＝k _Mot×Dt×T _{Mot_mittel}+k _Luft×Dt×T _{Luft_mittel}+(1-k _Mot×Dt+k _Luft×Dt)T _f1，i.

Connotation wherein:

Dt is a time gap i;

K _MotAnd K _LuftConstant by the experience detection;

T _Luft-mittelAnd T _Mot-mittelBe respectively the mean values during time gap i;

T _{F1, i+1}It is fluid temperature (F.T.) at the clearing end of time gap i;

T _{F1, i}Be fluid temperature (F.T.) at the initiating terminal of time gap i, and the temperature T that calculates of the operating basis of power-transfer clutch _{F1, i+1}Be carried out control.It has characterized the method for temperature of a favourable definite hydraulic fluid, needn't need the sensor that adds to this, and wherein, the temperature of this hydraulic fluid can be applied to control clutch.

According to the present invention proposes the method that solves task second portion of the present invention, promptly proposed to be used to check the method for the temperature sensor in the reactor, this reactor is specially adapted to an automation power-transfer clutch, in the method, this reactor checks that at one giving fixed time series with one in the circulation makes a transfer element displacement give fixed stroke by applying the electric current that regulates; The temperature of being measured in this inspection cycle period by temperature sensor checks that curve compares with a temperature nominal curve, this nominal curve is to measure under the situation of state without a doubt in identical inspection circulation and at temperature sensor, wherein, check the deviation that settles the standard that exceeds that contrasts between curve and the temperature nominal curve in temperature for one, just be indicated as being a faulty condition of this temperature sensor by evaluation.With this method just can determine one place in the reactor, the functional effect of the temperature sensor in the reaction clutch device particularly, this operating reliability for power-transfer clutch is very important, because the too high temperature in reactor just means from interior device inside fault having taken place, and may cause the destruction of reactor.

According to a favourable configuration, the electric current that is received by reactor is detected, and compares with the electric current that receives when drawing the temperature nominal curve then.Can further improve the reliability of said method.

In addition, also proposed to be used for controlling the device of the moment of torsion that can transmit by a self-acting clutch at the drive path of a self-propelled vehicle, this self-propelled vehicle has a driving engine and a change speed gear box, driving engine provides a controollable engine torque at outgoing side, also have one by a control unit controollable operating unit such as a reactor, it is used for control by the transferable moment of torsion of power-transfer clutch; The device that also has a detected temperatures, wherein, by the transferable moment of torsion of power-transfer clutch, wherein, the engine torque that this clutch moment of torque is controlled in relative output is one can give in the fixed range of tolerable variance this control unit according to the engine torque control of output; This range of tolerable variance depends on temperature.Characterized a moment of torsion thus and followed the tracks of, that is to say, turned round the short function that is confirmed as temperature with respect to the driving engine of output by the transferable weak point of turning round of power-transfer clutch as temperature funtion.According to this, for example when high temperature, be 1.05 times of engine torque by the transferable weak point of turning round of power-transfer clutch, and next in low temperature be the twice of engine torque.

Description of drawings

By embodiment in the simplification accompanying drawing and other details the present invention is made sets forth in detail below.

Fig. 1 is a motor vehicle transmission course diagram that has the frame circuit diagram of clutch control device.

Fig. 2 is a detailed view according to Fig. 1 configuration structure; With

Fig. 3 to 5 is the diagram of curves that are used to explain the mode of operation of the inventive method;

The specific embodiment

According to Fig. 1, a self-propelled vehicle has a driving engine as a combustion engine 2, and it is connected with a driving device such as shift transmission 6 by a power-transfer clutch 4, and it drives trailing wheel 12 by a versatile spindle 8 and a diff 10.For to the self-propelled vehicle braking, a brake equipment 14 that has stop mechanism 16 is set, this stop mechanism is operated by a brake pedal 18.The connection situation of the front-wheel from stop mechanism 16 to the left side has only been described herein.Be appreciated that this stop mechanism 16 is with all wheel mating reactions of self-propelled vehicle.

For the load of controlling combustion engine 2 is provided with a steerman pedal 19, it controls a damper 21.This change speed gear box 6 is operated gear shift by a gear-shift lever 23.This power-transfer clutch 4 be the automation setting and received cylinder 29 and operate as sending cylinder 27 and one by one by an operating unit with a reactor 25.This reactor 25 is controlled as an electronic control package 31 by a control unit.This device 31 comprises the microprocessor of a receiver that has a subordinate and the different sensor that its input end has connected this drive path, for example a sensor 32 is the revolutions that are used for combustion engine, a sensor 34 is the wheel revolutions that are used for the machines motor-car, sensor 36 is to be used to detect gear shift demand by operation gear level 23,38 location statuss that are used to detect power-transfer clutch 4 of a sensor, a sensor 40 is the location statuss that are used for detection reaction device 25, a sensor 42 is to be used to detect cooling water temperature, and 44 of a sensor detects the temperature of aspirated air and other sensor is set in case of necessity.This device has a detecting unit that is used to detect a temperature.This temperature can be an external air temperature, or cooling water temperature, the temperature of aspirated air or other temperature.Simultaneously, temperature can also be according to the data of another temperature again by the mathematic(al) mode of a self-propelled vehicle or by between these zones, and perhaps (verk ü pft) obtained in the heating power route logic operation between the temperature.

This receive cylinder 29 directly with clutch lever 48 mating reactions, this lever 48 is squeezed in its dead position by a clutch reset spring of not describing, in this position, this power-transfer clutch 4 is closures fully, that is, can transmit the moment of torsion of its maximum.

Fig. 2 is the details drawing of clutch operating parts.Be provided with one and receive piston 50 in receiving cylinder 29, it limits an epitrochoidal chamber 52 in the inside that receives cylinder 29.This receives piston 50 by this clutch lever 48 (Fig. 1) of its piston rod 54 direct controls.

Draw a pipeline 56 to the epitrochoidal chamber 58 that sends cylinder 27 from epitrochoidal chamber 52, wherein, be provided with one and send piston 60, it will send cylinder 27 and be divided into epitrochoidal chamber 58 and a counter balance pocket 62.On the casing wall that sends cylinder 27 a so-called discharge orifice 64 is set, it is connected with a hydraulic fluid container 68 by a pipeline 66, and it can be exitted to the outside.

This transmission piston 60 has a valve member, and it and this piston constitute a check valve 70, and it was just opened when the pressure in counter balance pocket 62 surpassed pressure in the epitrochoidal chamber 58.In order to operate the piston rod 72 that sends piston 60 crankgear 74 is set, the reactor 25 that it is used as the motor setting drives.

The position control of this device is as follows:

This reception piston 50 is on the spacing position on the left side under closed fully power-transfer clutch situation, and simultaneously, epitrochoidal chamber 52 is minimum; This transmission piston 60 is located immediately at before the discharge orifice 64.Yet when transmission piston 60 continued to left movement by reactor 25, this check valve 70 was opened, and therefore, hydraulic fluid overflows to the epitrochoidal chamber 58 from counter balance pocket 62.When transmission piston 60 passed through discharge orifice 64 further to left movement, then epitrochoidal chamber 58 directly was connected with hydraulic fluid container 68, and then this system loses pressure reliably.If when sending piston and moving right in order to open power-transfer clutch for 60 this moments, then the foundation of pressure accurately starts from this position, in this position, send piston 60 and crossed this discharge orifice 64, therefore, a definite reference position, in other words, send piston 60 and according to this correspondence between the complete make position at reactor 25 and power-transfer clutch 4 dispose and just set up.Then, this send 60 in piston by reactor 25 further to the right motion, open fully until this power-transfer clutch.For closed this power-transfer clutch, then send piston 60 when for example this power-transfer clutch according to target requires should not transmit its all torsion torque, just passive movement like this, is very favourable for many running statees by this discharge orifice 64 again.Then, this reception piston 50 does not just move on its spacing position, but this epitrochoidal chamber 58 and 52 also is under the pressure in the power-transfer clutch make position.

Under terribly cold hydraulic fluid situation, may enter this state, i.e. under the closed situation of power-transfer clutch (sending piston 60 moves to the left side by reactor 25), the hydraulic fluid of this viscosity can not flow by pipeline 56 fast enough, so produce a negative pressure in epitrochoidal chamber 58, it can cause the unlatching of check valve 70.This system bulk (epitrochoidal chamber 52 and 58 volume add the volume of pipeline 56) has just strengthened thus, therefore, just changed in the spatial allocation that sends piston 60 and receive between the piston 50, but this phenomenon is undesirable for the reason of performance accuracy.For this suction pressure phenomenon is not taken place, then when low temperature, the kinematic velocity of this transmission piston 60 is reformed on the closing direction of power-transfer clutch, as shown in Figure 3.S represents stroke, and it is to send piston 60 operation processes.T represents the time.Wherein, described an operation cycle, it originates in closed power-transfer clutch and at first height is closed device and open (position O).When high temperature, this back to back closing motion (dot-dash straight line 1) is realized as opening movement with identical speed.Along with the temperature that reduces gradually, this closing motion (straight line 2 and 3) then takes place with the speed that slows down gradually.This speed that slows down then causes, and this hydraulic fluid can circulate fast enough through piping 56, therefore, negative pressure can not occur in epitrochoidal chamber 58.

Another solution that is used for the problem that occurs when low temperature is depicted in Fig. 4.T representation temperature, h are strokes, and it is to send piston 60 to begin the stroke that moved from the position of the power-transfer clutch opened fully.SB has determined the position of discharge orifice 64.As can finding out, the trip such was the case with under lower temperature form, that is, discharge orifice is crossed, so produced the initial conditions of determining again when next operation cycle.When higher temperature, can be by less running, therefore, just can be according to the moment of torsion that power-transfer clutch transmitted of condition of service control by closure.According at that time temperature or according to assessment to the signal of sensor 38 and 40 (Fig. 1), just can between the operation circulation of power-transfer clutch, implement a so-called discharge cycle, wherein, this transmission piston 60 moves on request and crosses this discharge orifice, in order that the determined initial conditions that are used for power-transfer clutch are established again.Because the temperature that lowers and the stroke (less moment of torsion comformability) of increase make the essentiality of setting up autotelic discharge cycle increase, in other words, the essentiality that sends piston 60 motions and cross discharge orifice has been improved.This point particularly advantageously is applied to such device, it is used for controlling can be by the moment of torsion at a motor vehicle transmission route of self-acting clutch transmission, this self-propelled vehicle has a driving engine and a driving device and a sensor that is used to detect this transmitting ratio of being with conversion element with the selection transmitting ratio, and this driving engine has the engine torque of a may command output at outgoing side, also having one can be by the operating unit of control unit control, can be by by the moment of torsion of clutch transmits as reactor to be used to control, wherein, this control unit can be by the moment of torsion of clutch transmits according to the engine torque control of output; Also have a device that is used to detect a temperature, wherein, the engine torque that this clutch moment of torque is controlled in relative this output is to give in the fixed dimension limit and this dimension limit depends on a temperature.

According to this, just can make power-transfer clutch when low temperature, improve an excessive pressing with comparing when the high temperature.Follow the tracks of as the moment of torsion of temperature funtion for one, that is to say, by the transferable moment of torsion of power-transfer clutch relatively the engine torque of output be particularly advantageous as the function of temperature.As an example, under high-temperature condition, when being 1.05 times of engine torque by the transferable moment of torsion of power-transfer clutch and being favourable when for example being the twice of engine torque during in low temperature.These numerical value are for example, and wherein, under high temperature conditions, one from 1.02 to 1.5 zone is favourable; And under low temperature condition, one from 1.5 to 2.5 scope is favourable.The value of this excessive pressing K can be used as the function of temperature with M _{Power-transfer clutch}=K*M _{Driving engine}Form increase.M _{Power-transfer clutch}And M _{Driving engine}Be can be by the moment of torsion of clutch transmits and the engine torque of output.

What can meet in another embodiment that purpose requires is, is being lower than under the gauge temperature conditions, and this moment of torsion is followed the tracks of and just is interrupted, and can be adjusted to by the moment of torsion of clutch transmits on the greatest measure, and therefore this power-transfer clutch is fully engaged.

From certain temperature, when the operation cycle of power-transfer clutch must be regulated according to Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4, then this temperature depended on hydraulic fluid and in cylinder and the geometric condition in the connecting tube and the reset force of power-transfer clutch and can know according to experiment.For this temperature of determining hydraulic fluid does not need special sensor, as long as this moment, temperature was determined according to following algorithm:

T _F1，i+1＝K _Mot×Dt×T _Mot+K _Lut×DtT _Luft+(1-K _Mot×Dt+K _Luft×Dt)T _F1，i

Wherein, Dt is a time gap i, K _MotAnd K _LuftBe the constant that experience is known, T _LuftAnd T _MotBe the average temperature value of the aspirated air that in corresponding time gap i, detects respectively and the numerical value (being similar to the temperature of cooling water expansion tank) of driving engine mean temperature; T _{F1, i+1}Fluid temperature (F.T.) when being time gap i end, and T _{F1, i}Be the fluid temperature (F.T.) of time gap i when beginning.

For the serviceability of self-acting clutch operation advantageously, great majority are set to the knowing of temperature of the reactor 25 of motor.For this reason, this reactor 25 is provided with a temperature sensor 76 (Fig. 2), and its output signal controlled device 31 is assessed thereupon.In order to check the effect of this temperature sensor 76, advantageously in corresponding possible running state, for example in zero-span, apply the burst that attracts from control setup 31 according to Fig. 5 a to reactor, the long interval of 1s always for example during a definite time gap wherein, this piston rod 72 should be moved one and be the stroke of 15mm, and the trip is determined by sensor 40.The ground control of this control setup form like this is sent to the electric current of reactor 25,, produces the rated travel curve that will describe that is, and wherein, this operation continuity (at interval) always is about 150ms.Can cause of the raising of a temperature of reactor according to Fig. 5 a to the operation of reactor 25 according to Fig. 5 b.Thisly then in control setup 31, be detected with evaluated in increase in temperature according to cycle period of Fig. 5 a.When if it is in similar border outside of the record of dotted line among Fig. 5 b, a wrong indication takes place then.Be appreciated that this temperature rating changes (straight line of describing according to Fig. 5 b) and can rule of thumb predict, as long as determine that this power-transfer clutch totally is in the unquestionable mode of operation this moment.To judge that in order improving reliability can additionally detect the electric current that must send into reactor 25, according to this, to be calibrated according to the operation cycle of Fig. 5 a.If when this current draw had departed from the current draw that detects under the unquestionable mode of operation of power-transfer clutch, then this just meaned a mistake in clutch system or in reactor.

The present invention relates to the method for the self-acting clutch that one of an operation places the motor vehicle transmission route and it is characterized in that, reactor Be Controlled like this, promptly, when sending piston under the low temperature conditions and sending the direction that enlarges along epitrochoidal chamber in the cylinder and move, in this epitrochoidal chamber, can keep obtaining a high pressure that retracing spring transmitted by power-transfer clutch, therefore, in this motion, there is not hydraulic fluid to go into the counter balance pocket from the epitrochoidal chamber overflow.Under an other method situation, this transmission piston all moves after each clutch operating circulation when low temperature and crosses a discharge orifice, and this Kong Ze makes the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder be connected with a liquid container.

The present invention relates to a device of implementing said method in addition.

Under low temperature conditions, for example a kind of braking liquid, it is used as hydraulic medium or hydraulic fluid, its kinematic viscosity and all increases consumingly of flow friction of this fluid medium according to this.Along with the temperature that descends, above-mentioned phenomenon causes the increase of loss of pressure then according to GZ-speed.

The unlatching of power-transfer clutch:

When opening power-transfer clutch, loss of pressure then causes the line pressure that increases.If the power of this reactor is enough big, the line pressure that surpasses 100bar so just can damage this reactor and hydraulic package.But when the power of this reactor was in less numerical value, then reactor speed just descended and loss of pressure decline according to this.Therefore, the line pressure of this maximum appearance for example is limited on the 40bar.The line pressure that increases when low temperature just can not cause the overload of reactor like this.

The closure of power-transfer clutch:

Under the closed situation of power-transfer clutch, the reset force of power-transfer clutch must compensate ducted differential pressure.When being lower than a fluid temperature (F.T.) as-15 ℃, just there is this danger, that is, when the reactor speed of maximum, this loss of pressure no longer can be reset force compensating.Just having produced negative pressure and this in sending cylinder inhales valve again and opens.If during also not by automatic deflation, this system just produces self phenomenon.

For the clutch control of temperature dependent accurately, what meet that purpose requires is that this fluid temperature (F.T.) is as can be known.Simple calculation model then can allow to realize the calculating of a fluid temperature (F.T.) on the basis of temperature signal at that time.When low fluid temperature (F.T.), the kinematic viscosity of this braking liquid is strong increase and also increase strongly of flow friction according to this.This characteristic is then according to sending the increase that cylinder speed causes loss of pressure.Under some embodiment situation, the clutch control according to temperature meets purpose and requires, because a moisture effect of this braking liquid just may cause having aspirated problem from fluid temperature (F.T.) for-15 ℃ of beginnings have had again.

Following problem is processed:

In pipeline and ZA in respect to temperature, reactor speed and aqueous ingredients, is this loss of pressure much?

Exist reactor and hydraulic package overload hazard when power-transfer clutch is opened? from which temperature begin when power-transfer clutch is closed, swabbing again can occur? what measure need swabbing in this hydraulic pressure route take? how to know fluid temperature (F.T.) according to known measurement signal?

1, the differential pressure in underground;

When the Reynolds number in underground (Reynolds) hour, flowing of a pure laminar flow then taken place.When Laminar Flow, this loss of pressure Δ P is the linear function of mean flow rate V: Δ P=CV (1)

At this moment, be applicable to resistance to flow: $l=\frac{32\·l\·\mathrm{\ρ}}{d^2}\·v$

Wherein, V is the kinematic viscosity of braking liquid, and ρ is the braking density of liquid, and l is a duct length, and d is a pipe diameter.

This underground for example is divided into two zones:

Comprise two rubber tubes and a pipeline at the exterior circuit of change speed gear box cover.The circulating resistance of Chan Shenging is then used C herein _LeiExpression.

Comprise pipeline and central separator (Zentralausrucker) at change speed gear box cover in-to-in circuit.The circulating resistance C of Chan Shenging herein _ZAExpression.

Enumerated resistance to flow (that is Δ P=CV in the form below _GZ):

T[℃]	-40	-35	-30	-20	-15	-10
							C Lei	0.423	0.219	0.127	0.053	0.036	0.026
C ZA	0.082	0.041	0.023	0.009	0.007	0.005

Kinematic viscosity and fluid temperature (F.T.) T at braking liquid _F1[℃] between exist following fundamental relation formula: $v=\frac{A}{{(T_{F1}+B)}^n}\left[\frac{{\mathrm{mm}}^2}{s}\right]$

Wherein, A, B and n are as giving the value of determining earlier.

If the percentage by weight of this braking liquid containing water is q _w, affix factor (1+q so then _w/ C).1/c is one can give fixed factor.

This fluid, that is the fluid that is in the interior that part of underground of change speed gear box bell jar is then heated consumingly than being positioned at exterior that part of fluid.

2, the unlatching of power-transfer clutch when low temperature:

When opening power-transfer clutch, the pressure that increases owing to the flow friction that increases under low temperature condition imposes on reactor.Because the power of the gauge of reactor will be so velocity of separation will reduce (the power output-transmission cylinder pressure of reactor sends cylinder speed).What play the part adverse effect therewith is that the power of reactor has improved when low temperature.

On test cell, be observed, though the reactor operation is slowly,, operation is not interrupted.Though circulating resistance has improved along with the temperature that descends,, therefore, loss of pressure is also owing to the decline that sends cylinder speed has been limited (Δ P=CV _GZ).

3, the closure of power-transfer clutch when low temperature:

For example to occur in the negative pressure that sends cylinder GZ be P to swabbing again _NSUnder the situation of=-0.025bar, at this moment, this again suction valve open.Yet this sends cylinder pressure, when the absolute reset force of power-transfer clutch no longer can overcome the loss of pressure Δ P of appearance, just can not be exceeded.

When power-transfer clutch is closed, the reset force F that this is absolute _{R ü ck}Separating force F by power-transfer clutch _Kup, the spring force F in ZA _{F, ZA}Friction force F with ZA _ReibPressing relation of plane forms:

F _Rück＝F _Kup-F _F，ZA-F _Reib

Pressure below this reset force has been set up in ZA: $p_{\mathrm{ZA}}=\frac{F_{R\stackrel{\·\·}{u}\mathrm{ck}}}{A_{\mathrm{ZA}}}---\left(3\right)$

In GZ, establish pressure:

p GZ＝p ZA-Δp＝p ZA-c·v GZ

(4)

Swabbing occurs in minimum transmission cylinder pressure P again _GZMinState on.At this moment, as by (4) find out P _GZMinDepend on the central separator pressure P _ZAWith transmission cylinder speed V _GZ

Swabbing for example occurs in as condition P again _GZMin=P _NSWhen satisfying.

From then on people just can obtain with Cns and (2), and temperature works the fluid temperature (F.T.) that swabbing takes place again.

Being used for the critical situation of swabbing herein, is exactly this F wherein again _ZgThe situation that is a cold conditions (that is to say fluid temperature (F.T.) T _F1=T _Lei=T _ZA).

Be lower than a fluid temperature (F.T.) for example X ℃ the time, this system with regard to may since again swabbing self takes place aspirates.Say in principle, have two schemes that can avoid swabbing.

This transmission cylinder speed so is lowered according to temperature when power-transfer clutch is closed,, swabbing again can not occur that is.

Moment of torsion is followed the tracks of and for example is interrupted from X ℃.According to this, this power-transfer clutch is just fully closed later at each gearshift procedure, and like this, discharge orifice is released, and fluid balance just can have been set up.

By the known temperature signal, fluid temperature (F.T.) knows that with regard to deducibility perhaps it is calculated.Regard to the relevant temperature of fluid heating down and for example provide use by CAN one data bus:

Cold water temperature T _{K ü hl}

Suction air themperature T _An

External air temperature T _{AU β}

Mention that as top this hydraulic pressure route can be divided into two temperature provinces:

At the exterior fluid temperature (F.T.) T of change speed gear box cover _LeiThe fluid temperature (F.T.) T of portion within it _ZA, wherein, be applicable in principle: T _ZA〉=T _Hei

If people's supposition, T _LeiUnique temperature that occupies in system exactly, people are determining that this just is on the reliable and secure side during critical temperature for swabbing so.Simultaneously, this is worked as at T safely _ZALoss of pressure in the scope only just remained in the gauge for 15% o'clock of whole loss of pressure.

If fluid and pipeline are heated or are cooled, so, the hot-fluid between the fluid and the external world just with external temperature T _UmWith fluid temperature (F.T.) T _F1Between thermal drop be directly proportional (temperature of fluid temperature (F.T.) and pipeline is much at one): $\stackrel{.}{Q}~(T_{\mathrm{um}}-T_{F1}).$

Emitted by fluid or absorbed heat depends on the quality and the unit heat absorption capacity of fluid and pipeline: ${\stackrel{.}{T}}_{F1}=\frac{\stackrel{.}{Q}}{m\·c_p}=k\·(T_{\mathrm{Um}}-T_{F1})$ (k ≡ constant)

For an enough little time gap Δ t=t _I+1-t _i, this simplified formula is: $\frac{T_{F1,i+1}-T_{F1,i}}{\mathrm{\Δt}}=k\·({\stackrel{\‾}{T}}_{\mathrm{Um}}-T_{F1,i})$

Perhaps:

T F1，i+1＝k·Δt· T Um+(1-k·Δt)·T F1，i

(5)

Wherein, T _Um=(T _{Um, i+1}+ T _{Um, i})/the 2nd, the average ambient temperature in time gap Δ t.

Computation schema:

From cooling water temperature, intake air temperature and external temperature deducibility go out ambient temperature.And as the engine temperature T of heating part _MotWith air themperature T as cooling segment _Luft(entering the temperature of the air of engine cavity from the outside) all will influence fluid temperature (F.T.).

Engine temperature:

At (that is average cooling water temperature T of hot operation phase _{K ü hl}〉=T _{Mot, i}), this cooling water temperature is to rise soon relatively.The heating of engine body then needs a lot of time.When cooled engine (that is, T _{K ü hl}＜T _{Mot, i}), the rate of cooling of cooling water expansion tank is approximately consistent with engine cooling speed.For average engine temperature T _Mot=(T _{Mot, i+1}+ T _{Mot, i}The situation of)/2 should be applicable to:

T _kühl＞T _Mot，i：T _Mot，i+1＝K _Kühl·Δt· T _Kühl+(1-K _Kühl·Δt)·T _Mot，iT _kühl≤T _Mot，i：T _Mot，i+1＝T _Mot，i

Air themperature:

For air themperature, refer to the temperature that enters the air of engine cavity from the outside.This temperature is exactly external air temperature in principle, but also can be intake air temperature T _An

For average air themperature T _LuftShould be applicable to:

T _An＞ T _Auβ： T _Luft＝ T _Auβ＝(T _Auβ，i+1+T _Auβ，i)/2

T _An≤ T _Auβ： T _Luft＝ T _An＝(T _An，i+1+T _An，i)/2

Not only depend on the temperature that operation produces in ducted temperature, and the periphery of depending on pipeline flow (that is motor vehicle speed, the inflow/discharge of ventilator):

Under less peripheral mobility status: measured external air temperature just is subjected to the influence (external air temperature is low, and then this influence is just big more) of driving engine heat extraction with this understanding easily.When the heat radiation of the launched in this case machine of intake air temperature influences strongly, T then _Luft=T _{Au β}

According to this, the fluid temperature (F.T.) that calculates like this is then owing in esse (temperature) rises.

When strong peripheral mobility status: measured external air temperature is consistent with actual temperature.This intake air temperature can even drop in strong suction is flowed and is lower than external air temperature, that is to say T _Luft=T _AnThe temperature of the liquid that calculates like this is then owing in esse (temperature) descends.

In order to utilize this temperature to obtain an enough good result under as far as possible little calculating cost condition, following formula can be used:

(T _{F1, i+1}-T _{F1, i})=(T _{F1, Mot, i+1}-T _{F1, i})+(T _{F1, Luft, i+1}-T _{F1, i}) (6) wherein, T _{F1, Mot, i+1}Be T _{F1, i+1}(seeing (5)), it works as T _Um=T _MotK=K wherein _MotIn time, can obtain

T _{F1, Luft, i+1}Be T _{F1, i+1}(seeing (5)), it works as T _Um=T _Luft, K=K _LuftIn time, can obtain.

T F1，i+1＝k Mot·Δt· T Mot+ kLuft·Δt· T Luft+(1-k Mot·Δt+k Luft·Δt)·T F1，i

(5)in(6)

For the K value, for example can list equation: K _Mot=10 ^-4L/s

K _luft＝30·10 ^-4l/s

Work as T _{Au β}Or T _AnDropping to when being lower than-10 ℃ this computation schema just reaches and has started.

Initial value:

T _An＞T _Auβ：T _F1，1＝T _Mot，1＝T _Auβ

T _An≤T _Auβ：T _F1，t＝T _Mot，1＝T _An

This computation schema for example can be worked as igniting when being disconnected and ended.

The present invention also relates to old application DE19504847 in addition, and its content belongs to the application's disclosure significantly.

Expressing suggestion with what is claimed is of submitting of application, is not disconnected to realizing giving of other patent protection.The applicant has, to so far only in specification sheets and/or accompanying drawing disclosed feature reintroduce the right that other protection requires.

The adduction relationship of Ying Yonging has in the dependent claims been pointed out further constructional variant to the main claim technical scheme by the feature of corresponding dependent claims.They can not be understood that to have abandoned the feature of the dependent claims of quoting to be realized one independently, the requirement of technical scheme protection.

But the technical scheme of these dependent claims also can constitute independently invention, and it has the technical scheme independent structures setting of a relative front dependent claims.

The present invention also is not limited on the embodiment of specification sheets.But can realize countless modification and improvement project within the scope of the present invention, these modification particularly, element and array mode and/or material, they are as an example by with concrete and be combined in feature that describe and that can know in the accompanying drawings in general description book and embodiment and the claim and combination setting or modification that element or method step carried out all are creative, and can guide out a new technical scheme or realize a new method step or method step program by feature capable of being combined, also have those to relate to manufacturing, the content of aspects such as test and job operation.

Claims (14)

1, be used for operating the method for a self-acting clutch at a motor vehicle transmission route, wherein, transmission piston in a transmission cylinder of a reactor operation; The pipeline that moves through of this transmission piston is transferred on the reception piston of working in a reception cylinder with hydraulic way, this reception piston can drive the executive component of a power-transfer clutch in opening of power-transfer clutch overcomes retracing spring on the direction power, this transmission piston has a check valve, it can realize the overflow the epitrochoidal chamber of a hydraulic fluid from a counter balance pocket to the transmission cylinder, it is characterized in that:

This reactor is so controlled, promptly, under the strong low temperature that increases of kinematic viscosity meeting of hydraulic fluid, and when the transmission piston moves along the direction that makes the epitrochoidal chamber increase that is sending in the cylinder, the high pressure that retracing spring transmitted by power-transfer clutch is kept in epitrochoidal chamber continuously, therefore, when this motion, the hydraulic fluid of epitrochoidal chamber can not overflow in the counter balance pocket.

2, by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

The temperature of this hydraulic fluid is measured.

3, by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:

The temperature of this hydraulic fluid is obtained by calculating.

4, by one of claim 1 to 3 described method, it is characterized in that:

The kinematic velocity of this transmission piston is lowered when described low temperature.

5, by the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that:

Described low temperature is below-10 ℃.

6, by one of claim 1 to 3 described method, it is characterized in that:

When described low temperature, send speed that direction that piston reduces along the epitrochoidal chamber size that sends cylinder moves greater than the speed of moving in the opposite direction.

7, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that:

Described temperature is lower than-10 ℃.

8, in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that:

Described temperature is lower than-10 ℃.

9, by the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that:

Described low temperature is below-15 ℃.

10, by the described method of claim 4, it is characterized in that:

Described low temperature is below-20 ℃.

11, be used for operating the method for a self-acting clutch at the drive path of a self-propelled vehicle, wherein, transmission piston in sending cylinder of a reactor operation; The pipeline that moves through that sends piston is delivered in the motion of a reception piston of working in receiving cylinder with hydraulic way; This reception piston can overcome the executive component of a power-transfer clutch of power driving of a retracing spring on the opening direction of power-transfer clutch, this transmission piston has a check valve, and it can make hydraulic fluid realize an overflow from a counter balance pocket to the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder; Simultaneously, this end position corresponding to the minimum volume that receives the cylinder working chamber that receives piston is consistent with the position of the complete closure of power-transfer clutch, this transmission piston when the epitrochoidal chamber that sends cylinder enlarges, can move and cross one send constitute on the casing wall and be connected a deflation hole on the hydraulic fluid container, therefore, this epitrochoidal chamber is stress-free, and power-transfer clutch is closed fully, can be in order to control by the torque peak of power-transfer clutch transmission, the motion that this transmission piston is not crossed this deflation hole for closed this power-transfer clutch usually is characterized in that:

This transmission piston is along with the temperature of falling under hydraulic fluid passive movement under the situation of the closing course number increase of power-transfer clutch is crossed this deflation hole.

12, by the described method of claim 11, it is characterized in that:

This transmission piston under the kinematic viscosity of hydraulic fluid can the strong low temperature conditions that increases after each clutch operating circulation passive movement cross this deflation hole.

13, by claim 1 or 11 described methods, it is characterized in that:

This engine temperature T _MotWith external air temperature T _LuftMeasured; The temperature T of hydraulic fluid _F1Obtain according to following formula calculating:

T _F1，i+1＝k _Mot×Dt×T _{Mot_mittel}+k _Luft×Dt×T _{Luft_mittel}+(1-k _Mot×Dt+k _Luft×Dt)T _ft，i.

Connotation wherein:

Dt is a time gap i;

K _MotAnd K _LuftConstant by the experience detection;

T _Luft-mittelAnd T _Mot-mittelBe respectively the mean values during time gap i;

T _{F1, i+1}It is fluid temperature (F.T.) at the clearing end of time gap i;

T _{F1, i}Be fluid temperature (F.T.) at the initiating terminal of time gap i, and the temperature T that calculates of the operating basis of power-transfer clutch _{F1, i+1}Be carried out control.

14, in accordance with the method for claim 12, it is characterized in that:

Described temperature is lower than-10 ℃.

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