CN111229452A - Beneficiation method suitable for altered rock type gold ore - Google Patents
Beneficiation method suitable for altered rock type gold ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beneficiation method suitable for altered rock type gold ores, belongs to the technical field of gold ore beneficiation, and aims to solve the problems of heavy pollution, high energy consumption and low recovery rate of gold-containing minerals of the altered rock type gold ores by adopting a traditional beneficiation method. The method comprises four steps of ore grinding, centrifugal gravity separation, flotation and tailing gravity separation. The invention adopts the centrifugal gravity separation, the flotation process, the gravity separation process combining the spiral chute and the table concentrator, namely the gravity separation-flotation-gravity separation combined process flow, and after the gold-containing ore with the grade of 1.5-5g/t is subjected to the enrichment separation of the ore dressing process, the gold-containing grade in the gangue is about 0.10g/t, the recovery rate of the gold-containing ore reaches 97 percent, the efficiency is high, and the whole ore dressing process is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gold ore dressing, and particularly relates to a dressing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores.
Background
The altered rock type gold ore is mainly produced in the form of fine-vein dip-dyed yellow iron sericite, massive yellow iron sericite, dip-dyed pyrite-containing breccite and dip-dyed polymetallic sulfide-containing breccite, and the structure mainly comprises a crushing structure, a residual structure and a gap filling structure, the structure mainly comprises a fine-vein dip-dyed shape and a network-vein shape, the mineralization is not uniform, and most gold is enriched at the edge of a metal fine vein.
The altered rock type gold ore is a weak expansive rock with low water absorption, the strength and the deformation characteristics of the altered rock type gold ore are respectively and jointly influenced by the alteration degree, the weathering degree and the rock properties, and the expression is as follows: with the increase of the alteration degree, the compression strength, the shear strength and the modulus value are reduced, and the peak value strain quantity and the Poisson ratio are increased; when the erosion degrees are the same, the erosion rock strength value and the modulus value are controlled by the weathering degree, and the strength and the modulus value are lower when the weathering degree is higher; the strength and modulus of the altered rock with the same degree of alteration and weathering are influenced by the properties of the altered rock.
The mechanical properties of the altered rock gold ore are changed due to the alteration effect and weathering, the argillization phenomenon is serious, and the surface of the useful mineral is locally oxidized and polluted, thereby bringing adverse effects to the mineral dressing process.
Crushing operation is the indispensable link in traditional technology, through coarse crushing, fine crushing back, makes ore powder smash to below 12mm, just can give into the rough grinding mill, and the change rock type gold ore leads to the ore breakable because of the alteration effect, and argillization, mud content is higher, takes place breaker, powder ore storehouse jam very easily, directly causes the unable normal clear of production operation, and the link of crushing simultaneously is more, and the ore is crossed crushing phenomenon more seriously, leads to ore secondary argillization. And a large amount of dust can be generated in the crushing operation process, the dust pollution is serious, and the energy consumption is high.
After the altered rock gold ore is broken due to the alteration effect, the surface of useful minerals is locally oxidized and polluted, fine mud with the diameter of less than 10 microns is caused, the recovery rate of a single flotation process is restricted, and part of the useful minerals cannot be recovered, so that the resource waste is caused.
In view of the above problems in the background art, those skilled in the art have proposed a beneficiation method suitable for altered rock type gold ores.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a beneficiation method suitable for altered rock type gold ores, and aims to solve the problems of heavy pollution, high energy consumption and low recovery rate of gold-containing minerals of the altered rock type gold ores by adopting the traditional beneficiation method.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a mineral processing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, grinding ore:
feeding the altered rock type gold ore obtained by mining with the gold grade of 1.5-5g/t into a semi-autogenous mill by a belt conveyor, simultaneously feeding water into the semi-autogenous mill, and crushing and coarsely grinding the gold ore in the semi-autogenous mill to form ore pulp 1 with the concentration of 75-85%;
step two, centrifugal gravity separation:
(1) and coarse grading:
the ore pulp 1 in the step one automatically flows into a spiral classifier to be subjected to coarse classification, separation of coarse-fraction ore sand and fine-fraction ore sand is realized, the coarse-fraction ore sand is returned to a semi-autogenous mill as return sand of the spiral classifier to be ground again, and the fine-fraction ore sand is classified into overflow ore pulp 2 of the spiral classifier;
(2) and centrifugal classification:
the overflow ore pulp 2 enters a centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, useful minerals in the overflow ore pulp are separated from gangue, part of gold-containing ore sand with higher grade is enriched and is separated in advance to become gold concentrate powder 3-1, and the rest gold-containing ore sand is dispersed to become gold-containing ore pulp 4 to enter the next link;
(3) and hydraulic classification:
pumping the gold-containing ore pulp 4 in the centrifugal separation link to a hydrocyclone by a slurry pump for hydraulic centrifugal classification, wherein coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 forms settled sand of the hydrocyclone, the settled sand is ground in a ball mill and then returns to the hydrocyclone for classification again, and fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is used as overflow of the hydrocyclone and enters the next step; specifically, the feed pressure and concentration of the hydrocyclone are controlled to ensure that the content of a-200-mesh fraction in overflow ore pulp, namely fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 reaches the standard;
step three, flotation:
(1) pre-enriching and separating:
the fine-grained ore 4-2 in the previous step enters a pre-enrichment flotation machine for enrichment and separation, so that the high-grade gold-bearing ore is pre-enriched and separated and directly used as a final product, namely, gold fine powder 3-2, and the low-grade ore which is not enriched and separated in the fine-grained ore 4-2 is dispersed and used as gold-bearing ore pulp 5 to enter the next step;
(2) roughing enrichment and fine selection separation:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the previous link enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, so that the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-1 with higher grade is enriched, then enters a multistage concentration flotation machine for multistage concentration, gold-bearing ore sand enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is used as gold concentrate powder 3-3, and gold-bearing ore sand which is not enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is dispersed to form multistage concentration ore pulp 7 which is returned to the pre-enrichment flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation;
(3) and multi-stage scavenging, enriching and separating:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the third step (1) enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, wherein the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-2 with lower grade is not enriched and separated, then enters a multistage scavenging flotation machine for multistage scavenging flotation, the ore pulp with higher grade of gold enriched and separated at each stage returns to the previous stage, the ore pulp with lower grade of gold not enriched and separated enters the next stage, the multistage flotation ore pulp 8-1 entering the enrichment and separation at the top stage enters the roughing flotation machine for operation in the third step (2), and the gold-bearing ore sand not enriched and separated at the bottom stage is dispersed into flotation tailing pulp 8-2 to enter the next step
Step four: and (3) tailing reselection:
the flotation tailing slurry 8-2 of the last step enters a spiral chute for enrichment separation, gold-containing tailing slurry 9-1 which is enriched and separated in the spiral chute is then entered into a shaking table for enrichment separation again to form gold-containing ore sand which is used as gold fine powder 3-4, and the separated shaking table tailing slurry 9-3 is converged with tailing slurry 9-2 which is not enriched and separated in the spiral chute and enters the flotation tailing slurry 8-2, the grade of the tailing slurry is lower than 0.10g/t, and the tailing slurry is dehydrated and is used as final tailing for dry discharge after being dehydrated through tailing dehydration operation.
Further, the multi-stage concentration in the step three (2) is three concentration operations.
Further, the multi-stage scavenging flotation in the step three (3) is four times of scavenging flotation operation.
Further, the gold grade of the gold concentrate powder is 3-1, and the gold grade is 800 g/t-2000 g/t;
3-2 parts of gold fine powder, wherein the gold grade of the gold fine powder is equal to or higher than 60 g/t;
3-3 parts of gold concentrate powder, wherein the gold grade of the gold concentrate powder is 50-62 g/t;
3-4 parts of refined gold powder, and the grade of the refined gold powder is about 10-15 g/t.
Furthermore, the content of the fine-grained ore in the step two (1) is 40-46% of the ore with the grain size of less than 0.074 mm.
Further, the coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 in the step two (3) is ore pulp with the particle fraction of-200 meshes and the content of 28-30 percent; the content of the fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is 70-75% of ore pulp with the particle size of-200 meshes.
Further, the gold-containing tailing slurry in the fourth step is 9-1, and the gold-containing grade is 0.23-0.30 g/t; 9-2 parts of tailing pulp, wherein the grade of the tailing pulp is lower than 0.10 g/t; the water content of the dry-discharged tailings is lower than 12 percent.
Furthermore, the ceramic filter is adopted in the tailing dewatering operation in the fourth step.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, through four steps of ore grinding, centrifugal gravity separation, flotation and tailing gravity separation, the semi-autogenous grinding process is used for replacing the traditional crushing process and coarse grinding process, the crushing and coarse grinding of large ores are realized by the semi-autogenous grinding process, the crushing operation link is completely omitted, the energy is saved, the efficiency is high, and no dust pollution is caused; aiming at the characteristics of the altered rock type gold ore, gold concentrate powder with the gold grade of 800-2000 g/t can be obtained by simple centrifugal separation in the centrifugal gravity separation link, and a plurality of links of conventional mineral separation are omitted in the part of gold concentrate powder, so that the energy is saved and the efficiency is high; the traditional mineral processing technology is completely not suitable for altered rock gold ore; the invention adopts a flotation link to select gold concentrate powder with the gold grade higher than 60g/t and gold concentrate powder with the gold grade of 50 g/t-62 g/t in two directions; in the step of reselecting the tailings, fully recovering the gold concentrate sand in the tailing pulp until the grade of the tailings is lower than 0.10g/t, which is rare in the same industry; the process of the invention thoroughly solves the problem that the flotation process of semi-oxidized minerals and polluted minerals cannot be recycled; the whole mineral separation process adopts a pure physical mineral separation technology, is green and environment-friendly, and is efficient and environment-friendly.
(2) The semi-autogenous mill is used for replacing the traditional crushing operation, so that the problems of material blockage and excessive ore crushing are solved, and the ore grinding cost is reduced; the Nielsen centrifugal separator is adopted, a composite force field is formed by utilizing a centrifugal force field and a gravity field, the specific gravity difference between gangue and useful minerals can be enlarged by 20 to 60 times, the enrichment ratio can reach more than 1000, the chemical and mechanical properties of the minerals have no obvious restriction on the mineral separation efficiency, and the Nielsen centrifugal separator is more suitable for the minerals with oxidized and polluted dissociation surfaces; the flotation machines are of BF-2.8 type, have self-absorption function, do not need to be equipped with the air supply system, utilize its own stirring part to realize the flow of the ore pulp, create good flotation dynamics characteristic and foam chemical condition, the auxiliary equipment is few, with low consumption, high in efficiency; the spiral chute realizes the separation of useful minerals by utilizing the centrifugal force generated by the self-flowing rotation of the ore pulp in the chute, does not need to provide power, is simple and easy to operate, stable in ore dressing, large in handling capacity, high in ore dressing enrichment ratio and recovery rate, strong in adaptability to the fluctuation of ore feeding amount, concentration, granularity and grade, and free of noise; the shaking table adopts a 6S shaking table, continues the structural form of the early Weierfly shaking table, has good effect on processing fine-grained slime, is particularly suitable for the characteristic of high slime content of altered rock type gold ores, has easy adjustment stroke, can still keep the bed surface to stably run when changing the transverse gradient and the stroke, and has compact structure because the spring is placed in the case; the ceramic filter is provided with a ceramic plate with 10 micron micropores, solid-liquid separation is realized under the vacuum of-0.080 Mpa, 95% of water in the ore pulp is recovered and returned to the process for recycling, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
(3) The flotation process is carried out by three times of concentration and four times of flotation, so that the unit volume of the ore pulp is ensured to enter the flotation process flow to be discharged, the total time of the flotation is 35 to 50 minutes, and each useful mineral is ensured to have sufficient time and probability to be captured by the flotation agent and separated and recovered.
(4) The invention adopts the centrifugal gravity separation, the flotation process, the gravity separation process combining the spiral chute and the table concentrator, namely the gravity separation-flotation-gravity separation combined process flow, and after the gold-containing ore with the grade of 1.5-5g/t is subjected to the enrichment separation of the ore dressing process, the gold-containing grade in the gangue is about 0.10g/t, the recovery rate of the gold-containing ore reaches 97 percent, the efficiency is high, and the whole ore dressing process is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ores.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific examples.
Example 1
A mineral processing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores comprises the following steps:
step one, grinding ore:
the altered rock type gold ore obtained by mining is from 600 meters underground in a plum mining area, the gold grade of the ore is 5g/t, the content of fine mud below 20 micrometers in raw ore is 18 percent, the maximum granularity is 220mm, the ore is fed into a semi-autogenous mill by a belt conveyor, water is simultaneously fed into the semi-autogenous mill, and the gold ore is crushed and coarsely ground in the semi-autogenous mill to form ore pulp 1 with the concentration of 77 percent.
Step two, centrifugal gravity separation:
(1) and coarse grading:
the ore pulp 1 in the step one automatically flows into a spiral classifier to be roughly classified, so that coarse-fraction ore sand and fine-fraction ore sand are separated, wherein the content of the fine-fraction ore sand is 42% of the ore sand with the fraction smaller than 0.074mm, the rest ore sand is defined as coarse-fraction ore sand, the coarse-fraction ore sand is returned to a semi-automatic grinding machine as return sand of the spiral classifier to be ground again, and the fine-fraction ore sand is classified into overflow ore pulp 2 of the spiral classifier.
(2) And centrifugal classification:
the overflow ore pulp 2 enters a centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, useful minerals in the overflow ore pulp are separated from gangue, and part of high-grade gold-containing ore sand is enriched and is separated in advance to form gold concentrate powder 3-1, wherein the gold-containing grade of the gold concentrate powder is 1200 g/t; the rest gold-containing ore sand is dispersed into gold-containing ore pulp 4 to enter the next link.
(3) And hydraulic classification:
the gold-containing ore pulp 4 in the centrifugal separation link is pumped to a hydrocyclone by a slurry pump for hydraulic centrifugal classification, wherein coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 forms settled sand of the hydrocyclone, the coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 is ore pulp with a particle size of-200 meshes and the content of 30 percent, the ore pulp enters a ball mill for milling and then returns to the hydrocyclone for classification again, and fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is used as overflow of the hydrocyclone and then enters the next step; the feed pressure and concentration of the hydrocyclone are controlled to make the content of the particle fraction of 200-mesh in the overflow ore pulp, namely the fine particle fraction ore pulp 4-2, reach 72 percent.
Step three, flotation:
(1) pre-enriching and separating:
and (3) feeding the fine-grained ore 4-2 in the previous step into a pre-enrichment flotation machine for enrichment and separation, so that the high-grade gold-containing ore is pre-enriched and separated and directly used as a final product, namely gold concentrate powder 3-2, wherein the gold-containing grade is 95g/t, and the lower-grade ore which is not enriched and separated in the fine-grained ore 4-2 is dispersed and used as gold-containing ore pulp 5 to enter the next step.
(2) Roughing enrichment and fine selection separation:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the previous link enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, so that the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-1 with higher grade is enriched, then enters a multistage concentration flotation machine for multistage concentration, gold-bearing ore sand enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is used as gold concentrate powder 3-3, and the gold-bearing grade of the gold-bearing ore sand is 62 g/t; the gold-bearing ore sand which is not enriched and separated in the multi-time concentration flotation machine is dispersed into multi-stage concentration ore pulp 7 to be returned to the pre-concentration flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation.
This embodiment takes three beneficiation operations.
(3) And multi-stage scavenging, enriching and separating:
and (2) the gold-containing ore pulp 5 in the third step (1) enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, wherein the gold-containing ore pulp 6-2 with lower grade is not enriched and separated, then enters a multistage scavenging flotation machine for multistage scavenging flotation, the ore pulp with higher grade of gold enriched and separated at each stage returns to the previous stage, the ore pulp with lower grade of gold not enriched and separated enters the next stage, the multistage flotation ore pulp 8-1 entering the enrichment and separation at the top stage enters the roughing flotation machine for operation in the third step (2), and the gold-containing ore sand not enriched and separated at the bottom stage is dispersed into flotation tailing pulp 8-2 to enter the next step.
This example uses four scavenger flotation operations.
Step four: and (4) reselecting tailings.
The flotation tailing slurry 8-2 of the previous step enters a spiral chute for enrichment and separation, and the gold-containing tailing slurry 9-1 which realizes the enrichment and separation in the spiral chute has the gold-containing grade of 0.25 g/t; and then, the gold-containing ore sand formed after the gold-containing ore sand enters a 6S shaking table for enrichment and separation again is used as gold fine powder 3-4, the grade of the gold-containing ore sand is 12g/t, the separated shaking table tailing pulp 9-3 is converged with the tailing pulp 8-2 of the flotation tailing pulp which enters a spiral chute and is not subjected to enrichment and separation, the grade of the tailing pulp is 0.09g/t, and after the tailing is dehydrated through a ceramic filter, the water content of the dry-discharged tailing is 11 percent and is used as final tailing dry discharge.
Example 2
A mineral processing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores comprises the following steps:
step one, grinding ore:
the ore is prepared from 350 m underground in a plum mine area, the gold-containing grade of the ore is 1.5g/t, the content of fine mud below 20 microns in raw ore is 22%, the maximum particle size is 550mm, the raw ore is fed into a semi-autogenous mill by a belt conveyor, water is simultaneously fed into the semi-autogenous mill, and the gold ore is crushed and coarsely ground in the semi-autogenous mill to form ore pulp 1 with the concentration of 85%.
Step two, centrifugal gravity separation:
(1) and coarse grading:
the ore pulp 1 in the step one automatically flows into a spiral classifier to be roughly classified, so that coarse-fraction ore sand and fine-fraction ore sand are separated, wherein the content of the fine-fraction ore sand is 46% of that of the ore sand with the fraction smaller than 0.074mm, the rest ore sand is defined as coarse-fraction ore sand, the coarse-fraction ore sand is returned to a semi-automatic grinding machine as return sand of the spiral classifier to be ground again, and the fine-fraction ore sand is classified into overflow ore pulp 2 of the spiral classifier.
(2) And centrifugal classification:
the overflow ore pulp 2 enters a centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, useful minerals in the overflow ore pulp are separated from gangue, and part of high-grade gold-containing ore sand is enriched and is separated in advance to form gold concentrate powder 3-1, wherein the gold-containing grade of the gold concentrate powder is 800 g/t; the rest gold-containing ore sand is dispersed into gold-containing ore pulp 4 to enter the next link.
(3) And hydraulic classification:
the gold-containing ore pulp 4 in the centrifugal separation link is pumped to a hydrocyclone by a slurry pump for hydraulic centrifugal classification, wherein coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 forms settled sand of the hydrocyclone, the coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 is ore pulp with a-200-mesh fraction content of 28 percent, the ore pulp enters a ball mill for milling and then returns to the hydrocyclone for classification again, and fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is used as overflow of the hydrocyclone and then enters the next step; the feed pressure and concentration of the hydrocyclone are controlled to make the content of the 4-2 fine-fraction ore pulp with the particle size of-200 meshes reach 70%.
Step three, flotation:
(1) pre-enriching and separating:
and (3) feeding the fine-fraction ore 4-2 in the previous step into a pre-enrichment flotation machine for enrichment and separation, so that the high-grade gold-containing ore is pre-enriched and separated and directly used as a final product, namely gold concentrate powder 3-2, wherein the gold-containing grade is 80g/t, and the lower-grade ore which is not enriched and separated in the fine-fraction ore 4-2 is dispersed and used as gold-containing ore pulp 5 to enter the next step.
(2) Roughing enrichment and fine selection separation:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the previous link enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, so that the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-1 with higher grade is enriched, then enters a multistage concentration flotation machine for multistage concentration, gold-bearing ore sand enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is used as gold concentrate powder 3-3, and the gold-bearing grade of the gold-bearing ore sand is 52 g/t; the gold-bearing ore sand which is not enriched and separated in the multi-time concentration flotation machine is dispersed into multi-stage concentration ore pulp 7 to be returned to the pre-concentration flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation.
This embodiment takes three beneficiation operations.
(3) And multi-stage scavenging, enriching and separating:
and (2) the gold-containing ore pulp 5 in the third step (1) enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, wherein the gold-containing ore pulp 6-2 with lower grade is not enriched and separated, then enters a multistage scavenging flotation machine for multistage scavenging flotation, the ore pulp with higher grade of gold enriched and separated at each stage returns to the previous stage, the ore pulp with lower grade of gold not enriched and separated enters the next stage, the multistage flotation ore pulp 8-1 entering the enrichment and separation at the top stage enters the roughing flotation machine for operation in the third step (2), and the gold-containing ore sand not enriched and separated at the bottom stage is dispersed into flotation tailing pulp 8-2 to enter the next step.
This example uses four scavenger flotation operations.
Step four: and (3) tailing reselection:
the flotation tailing slurry 8-2 of the previous step enters a spiral chute for enrichment and separation, and the gold-containing tailing slurry 9-1 which realizes the enrichment and separation in the spiral chute has the gold-containing grade of 0.28 g/t; and then, the gold-containing ore sand formed after the gold-containing ore sand enters a 6S shaking table for enrichment and separation again is used as gold fine powder 3-4, the grade of the gold-containing ore sand is 15g/t, the separated shaking table tailing pulp 9-3 is converged with the flotation tailing pulp 8-2 which enters a spiral chute and is not subjected to enrichment and separation, the grade of the flotation tailing pulp is 0.09g/t, and after the tailing is dehydrated through a ceramic filter, the water content of the dry-discharged tailing is 10%, and the dry-discharged tailing is used as final tailing dry discharge.
Example 3
A mineral processing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores comprises the following steps:
step one, grinding ore:
the ore is from 500 meters underground in a plum mine area, the gold-containing grade of the ore is 2g/t, the silver content is 60g/t, the lead content is 1.2 percent, the content of fine mud with the particle size of less than 20 microns in raw ore is 20 percent, the maximum particle size is 600mm, the raw ore is fed into a semi-automatic grinding machine by a belt conveyor, water is simultaneously fed into the semi-automatic grinding machine, and the gold ore is crushed and coarsely ground in the semi-automatic grinding machine to form ore pulp 1 with the concentration of 75 percent.
Step two, centrifugal gravity separation:
(1) and coarse grading:
the ore pulp 1 in the step one automatically flows into a spiral classifier to be roughly classified, so that coarse-fraction ore sand and fine-fraction ore sand are separated, wherein the content of the fine-fraction ore sand is 40% of that of the ore sand with the fraction smaller than 0.074mm, the rest ore sand is defined as coarse-fraction ore sand, the coarse-fraction ore sand is returned to a semi-automatic grinding machine as return sand of the spiral classifier to be ground again, and the fine-fraction ore sand is classified into overflow ore pulp 2 of the spiral classifier.
(2) And centrifugal classification:
the overflow ore pulp 2 enters a centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, useful minerals in the overflow ore pulp are separated from gangue, and part of high-grade gold-bearing ore sand is enriched and is separated in advance to form gold concentrate powder 3-1, wherein the gold-bearing grade is 860g/t, the silver grade is 600g/t, and the lead content is 22%; the rest gold-containing ore sand is dispersed into gold-containing ore pulp 4 to enter the next link.
(3) And hydraulic classification:
the gold-containing ore pulp 4 in the centrifugal separation link is pumped to a hydrocyclone by a slurry pump for hydraulic centrifugal classification, wherein coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 forms settled sand of the hydrocyclone, the coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 is ore pulp with a-200-mesh fraction content of 28 percent, the ore pulp enters a ball mill for milling and then returns to the hydrocyclone for classification again, and fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is used as overflow of the hydrocyclone and then enters the next step; the feed pressure and concentration of the hydrocyclone are controlled to make the content of the particle fraction of 200-mesh in the overflow ore pulp, namely the fine particle fraction ore pulp 4-2 reach 71 percent.
Step three, flotation:
(1) pre-enriching and separating:
and (3) feeding the fine-grained ore 4-2 in the previous step into a pre-enrichment flotation machine for enrichment and separation, so that the high-grade gold-containing ore is pre-enriched and separated and directly used as a final product, namely, gold concentrate powder 3-2, wherein the gold-containing grade is 60g/t, the silver content is 800g/t, the lead content is 16%, and the lower-grade ore which is not enriched and separated in the fine-grained ore 4-2 is dispersed and used as gold-containing ore pulp 5 to enter the next step.
(2) Roughing enrichment and fine selection separation:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the previous link enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, so that the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-1 with higher grade is enriched, then the gold-bearing ore pulp enters a multistage concentration flotation machine for multistage concentration, and gold-bearing ore sand enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is used as gold concentrate powder 3-3, wherein the gold-bearing grade is 50g/t, the silver content is 900g/t, and the lead content is 21%; the gold-bearing ore sand which is not enriched and separated in the multi-time concentration flotation machine is dispersed into multi-stage concentration ore pulp 7 to be returned to the pre-concentration flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation.
This embodiment takes three beneficiation operations.
(3) And multi-stage scavenging, enriching and separating:
and (2) the gold-containing ore pulp 5 in the third step (1) enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, wherein the gold-containing ore pulp 6-2 with lower grade is not enriched and separated, then enters a multistage scavenging flotation machine for multistage scavenging flotation, the ore pulp with higher grade of gold enriched and separated at each stage returns to the previous stage, the ore pulp with lower grade of gold not enriched and separated enters the next stage, the multistage flotation ore pulp 8-1 entering the enrichment and separation at the top stage enters the roughing flotation machine for operation in the third step (2), and the gold-containing ore sand not enriched and separated at the bottom stage is dispersed into flotation tailing pulp 8-2 to enter the next step.
This example uses four scavenger flotation operations.
Step four: and (3) tailing reselection:
the flotation tailing slurry 8-2 of the previous step enters a spiral chute for enrichment and separation, and the gold-containing tailing slurry 9-1 which realizes the enrichment and separation in the spiral chute has the gold-containing grade of 0.23g/t, silver content of 1.5g/t and lead content of 0.20 percent; and then, the gold-containing ore sand formed after the gold-containing ore sand enters a 6S shaking table for secondary enrichment and separation is used as gold fine powder 3-4, the gold grade of the gold-containing ore sand is 14g/t, the silver content of the gold-containing ore sand is 20g/t, and the lead content of the gold-containing ore sand is 8% in the separated shaking table, the separated shaking table tailing pulp 9-3 is converged with tailing pulp 9-2 which is obtained after flotation tailing pulp 8-2 enters a spiral chute and is not subjected to enrichment and separation, the gold grade of the gold-containing ore sand is 0.08g/t, the silver content of the tailing pulp is 0.5g/t, and after 0.10% of lead content of.
Example 4
A mineral processing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores comprises the following steps:
step one, grinding ore:
the altered rock type gold ore obtained by mining is from 480 m underground in a plum mining area, the gold grade of the ore is 4.5g/t, the content of fine mud below 20 microns in raw ore is 19%, the maximum granularity is 320mm, the raw ore is fed into a semi-autogenous mill by a belt conveyor, water is simultaneously fed into the semi-autogenous mill, and the gold ore is crushed and coarsely ground in the semi-autogenous mill to form ore pulp 1 with the concentration of 80%.
Step two, centrifugal gravity separation:
(1) and coarse grading:
the ore pulp 1 in the step one automatically flows into a spiral classifier to be roughly classified, so that coarse-fraction ore sand and fine-fraction ore sand are separated, wherein the content of the fine-fraction ore sand is 44% of that of the ore sand with the fraction smaller than 0.074mm, the rest ore sand is defined as coarse-fraction ore sand, the coarse-fraction ore sand is returned to a semi-automatic grinding machine as return sand of the spiral classifier to be ground again, and the fine-fraction ore sand is classified into overflow ore pulp 2 of the spiral classifier.
(2) And centrifugal classification:
the overflow ore pulp 2 enters a centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, useful minerals in the overflow ore pulp are separated from gangue, and part of high-grade gold-bearing ore sand is enriched and is separated in advance to form gold concentrate powder 3-1, wherein the gold-bearing grade of the gold concentrate powder is 1090 g/t; the rest gold-containing ore sand is dispersed into gold-containing ore pulp 4 to enter the next link.
(3) And hydraulic classification:
the gold-containing ore pulp 4 in the centrifugal separation link is pumped to a hydrocyclone by a slurry pump for hydraulic centrifugal classification, wherein coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 forms settled sand of the hydrocyclone, the coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 is ore pulp with a particle size of-200 meshes and the content of 30 percent, the ore pulp enters a ball mill for milling and then returns to the hydrocyclone for classification again, and fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is used as overflow of the hydrocyclone and then enters the next step; the feed pressure and concentration of the hydrocyclone are controlled to make the content of the 4-2 fine-fraction ore pulp with the particle size of-200 meshes reach 75 percent.
Step three, flotation:
(1) pre-enriching and separating:
and (3) feeding the fine-fraction ore 4-2 in the previous step into a pre-enrichment flotation machine for enrichment and separation, so that the high-grade gold-containing ore is pre-enriched and separated and directly used as a final product, namely gold concentrate powder 3-2, wherein the gold-containing grade is 90g/t, and the lower-grade ore which is not enriched and separated in the fine-fraction ore 4-2 is dispersed and used as gold-containing ore pulp 5 to enter the next step.
(2) Roughing enrichment and fine selection separation:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the previous link enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, so that the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-1 with higher grade is enriched, then enters a multistage concentration flotation machine for multistage concentration, gold-bearing ore sand enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is used as gold concentrate powder 3-3, and the gold-bearing grade of the gold-bearing ore sand is 58 g/t; the gold-bearing ore sand which is not enriched and separated in the multi-time concentration flotation machine is dispersed into multi-stage concentration ore pulp 7 to be returned to the pre-concentration flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation.
This embodiment takes three beneficiation operations.
(3) And multi-stage scavenging, enriching and separating:
and (2) the gold-containing ore pulp 5 in the third step (1) enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, wherein the gold-containing ore pulp 6-2 with lower grade is not enriched and separated, then enters a multistage scavenging flotation machine for multistage scavenging flotation, the ore pulp with higher grade of gold enriched and separated at each stage returns to the previous stage, the ore pulp with lower grade of gold not enriched and separated enters the next stage, the multistage flotation ore pulp 8-1 entering the enrichment and separation at the top stage enters the roughing flotation machine for operation in the third step (2), and the gold-containing ore sand not enriched and separated at the bottom stage is dispersed into flotation tailing pulp 8-2 to enter the next step. Book (I)
The example adopted four scavenger flotation operations.
Step four: and (3) tailing reselection:
the flotation tailing slurry 8-2 of the previous step enters a spiral chute for enrichment and separation, and the gold-containing tailing slurry 9-1 which realizes the enrichment and separation in the spiral chute has the gold-containing grade of 0.30 g/t; and then, the gold-containing ore sand formed after the gold-containing ore sand enters a 6S shaking table for enrichment and separation again is used as gold fine powder 3-4, the grade of the gold-containing ore sand is 10g/t, the separated shaking table tailing pulp 9-3 is converged with the tailing pulp 8-2 of the flotation tailing pulp which enters a spiral chute and is not subjected to enrichment and separation, the grade of the tailing pulp is 0.09g/t, and after the tailing is dehydrated through a ceramic filter, the water content of the dry-discharged tailing is 11 percent and is used as final tailing dry discharge.
Claims (8)
1. A mineral processing method suitable for altered rock type gold ores is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, grinding ore:
feeding the altered rock type gold ore obtained by mining with the gold grade of 1.5-5g/t into a semi-autogenous mill by a belt conveyor, simultaneously feeding water into the semi-autogenous mill, and crushing and coarsely grinding the gold ore in the semi-autogenous mill to form ore pulp 1 with the concentration of 75-85%;
step two, centrifugal gravity separation:
(1) and coarse grading:
the ore pulp 1 in the step one automatically flows into a spiral classifier to be subjected to coarse classification, separation of coarse-fraction ore sand and fine-fraction ore sand is realized, the coarse-fraction ore sand is returned to a semi-autogenous mill as return sand of the spiral classifier to be ground again, and the fine-fraction ore sand is classified into overflow ore pulp 2 of the spiral classifier;
(2) and centrifugal classification:
the overflow ore pulp 2 enters a centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, useful minerals in the overflow ore pulp are separated from gangue, part of gold-containing ore sand with higher grade is enriched and is separated in advance to become gold concentrate powder 3-1, and the rest gold-containing ore sand is dispersed to become gold-containing ore pulp 4 to enter the next link;
(3) and hydraulic classification:
pumping the gold-containing ore pulp 4 in the centrifugal separation link to a hydrocyclone by a slurry pump for hydraulic centrifugal classification, wherein coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 forms settled sand of the hydrocyclone, the settled sand is ground in a ball mill and then returns to the hydrocyclone for classification again, and fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is used as overflow of the hydrocyclone and enters the next step;
step three, flotation:
(1) pre-enriching and separating:
the fine-grained ore 4-2 in the previous step enters a pre-enrichment flotation machine for enrichment and separation, so that the high-grade gold-bearing ore is pre-enriched and separated and directly used as a final product, namely, gold fine powder 3-2, and the low-grade ore which is not enriched and separated in the fine-grained ore 4-2 is dispersed and used as gold-bearing ore pulp 5 to enter the next step;
(2) roughing enrichment and fine selection separation:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the previous link enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, so that the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-1 with higher grade is enriched, then enters a multistage concentration flotation machine for multistage concentration, gold-bearing ore sand enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is used as gold concentrate powder 3-3, and gold-bearing ore sand which is not enriched and separated in the multistage concentration flotation machine is dispersed to form multistage concentration ore pulp 7 which is returned to the pre-enrichment flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation;
(3) and multi-stage scavenging, enriching and separating:
the gold-bearing ore pulp 5 in the third step (1) enters a roughing flotation machine for continuous enrichment and separation, wherein the gold-bearing ore pulp 6-2 with lower grade is not enriched and separated, then enters a multistage scavenging flotation machine for multistage scavenging flotation, the ore pulp with higher grade of gold enriched and separated at each stage returns to the previous stage, the ore pulp with lower grade of gold not enriched and separated enters the next stage, the multistage flotation ore pulp 8-1 entering the enrichment and separation at the top stage enters the roughing flotation machine for operation in the third step (2), and the gold-bearing ore sand not enriched and separated at the bottom stage is dispersed into flotation tailing pulp 8-2 to enter the next step
Step four: and (3) tailing reselection:
the flotation tailing slurry 8-2 of the last step enters a spiral chute for enrichment separation, gold-containing tailing slurry 9-1 which is enriched and separated in the spiral chute is then entered into a shaking table for enrichment separation again to form gold-containing ore sand which is used as gold fine powder 3-4, and the separated shaking table tailing slurry 9-3 is converged with tailing slurry 9-2 which is not enriched and separated in the spiral chute and enters the flotation tailing slurry 8-2, the grade of the tailing slurry is lower than 0.10g/t, and the tailing slurry is dehydrated and is used as final tailing for dry discharge after being dehydrated through tailing dehydration operation.
2. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: and the multi-stage concentration in the step three (2) is three times of concentration operation.
3. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: and the multi-stage scavenging flotation in the step three (3) is four times of scavenging flotation operation.
4. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: 3-1 parts of gold concentrate powder, wherein the gold grade of the gold concentrate powder is 800-2000 g/t;
3-2 parts of gold fine powder, wherein the gold grade of the gold fine powder is higher than 60 g/t;
3-3 parts of gold concentrate powder, wherein the gold grade of the gold concentrate powder is 50-62 g/t;
3-4 parts of refined gold powder, and the grade of the refined gold powder is about 10-15 g/t.
5. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: the content of the fine-fraction ore in the step two (1) is 40-46% of the ore with the size fraction smaller than 0.074 mm.
6. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: the coarse fraction ore pulp 4-1 in the step two (3) is ore pulp with the particle fraction of-200 meshes and the content of 28-30 percent; the content of the fine fraction ore pulp 4-2 is 70-75% of ore pulp with the particle size of-200 meshes.
7. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the gold-containing tailing pulp is 9-1, and the gold-containing grade is 0.23-0.30 g/t; 9-2 parts of tailing pulp, wherein the grade of the tailing pulp is lower than 0.10 g/t; the water content of the dry-discharged tailings is lower than 12 percent.
8. A beneficiation process suitable for altered rock type gold ore according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the ceramic filter is adopted for the tailing dewatering operation.
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