CN111227812B - All-fiber-based flexible sensor and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
All-fiber-based flexible sensor and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/1036—Measuring load distribution, e.g. podologic studies
- A61B5/1038—Measuring plantar pressure during gait
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1118—Determining activity level
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
- D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
- D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
- D04C1/12—Cords, lines, or tows
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
- D10B2101/14—Carbides; Nitrides; Silicides; Borides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
- D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber-based flexible sensor and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention adopts elastic conductive yarn, wraps the electrode layer of the stress sensor in the sensing layer by a rope knitting method to prepare the 'skin-core structure' linear sensing material which integrates sensing and electrode compounding, can be further directly mixed with common yarn or linear elastomer to be woven into a piece to be used as a flexible pressure sensing electronic device, is applied to the fields of detecting human body physiological health (pulse) and full range motion (facial expression, sound production, joint motion) and the like, and has the characteristics of simple structure, high stability, simple preparation process, good reproducibility, high detection sensitivity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flexible sensors, in particular to a full-fiber-based flexible sensor and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the popularization of intelligent terminals, wearable electronic equipment has a huge market prospect. The flexible stress sensor is used as a core part of an artificial flexible electronic device, and has great application potential in the fields of human body clinical diagnosis, health assessment, health monitoring, virtual electronics, flexible touch screens, flexible electronic skins, even industrial robots and the like. Whether the flexible wearable electronic device can be widely popularized is the key to realize the performances of high resolution, high sensitivity, quick response, low-cost manufacturing, complex signal detection and the like. Most of traditional flexible sensing materials are high-molecular flexible films, and due to the limitation of the materials, the materials can only realize partial flexibility, so that the development and application of the materials are limited, and the development of full-flexible sensing materials has important research significance.
At present, the mainstream way for manufacturing a flexible stress sensor is to convert the deformation of the sensor into the change of the resistance value, i.e. a piezoelectric resistance type stress sensor. The more common preparation method is to embed or cover a layer of conductive material on the surface of the flexible substrate to obtain the strain sensor with a multilayer structure. The conductive material can be a metal film or a conductive nano material which is assembled by various processes to obtain a conductive film. The uniformity of the conductive film is not high, and the reproducibility of the prepared pressure sensor is poor. In addition, the traditional pressure sensing equipment needs three layers of structures (a sensing layer, an electrode layer and a sensing layer) for realizing the sensing function, and the composition structure is relatively complex, so that the repeatability is poor, and the popularization and the application of diversified pressure sensors are limited.
In addition, the substrate material of the conventional flexible stress sensor is an elastic film with a flat surface, such as Polymethylvinylsiloxane (PDMS), ecoflex, dragon skin, rubber, etc., and the conductive layer embedded or covered on the surface is a planar structure. The sensor with the plane structure has the defects of low sensitivity and difficulty in detecting micro deformation, and the development and the application of the sensor are limited. Therefore, a novel stress sensor with high sensitivity and simple and convenient preparation process is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a full-fiber-based flexible sensor and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides an all-fiber base flexible sensor, all-fiber base flexible sensor includes the electrically conductive rope core of elasticity and is woven and wrap up by electrically conductive yarn the sensing layer of the electrically conductive rope core periphery of elasticity, the resistance of the electrically conductive rope core of elasticity is less than sensing layer resistance.
As a further limitation of the above solution, the elastic conductive cord core is formed by twisting and weaving a plurality of conductive yarns, and the resistance of the elastic conductive cord core is lower than 2-8% of the resistance of the sensing layer.
In a further limitation of the above aspect, the elastic conductive cord has a diameter of 100 to 1000 μm and an elongation of 0.01% or more.
As a further limitation of the above solution, the length of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is greater than or equal to 5cm, the diameter is 0.1-5 mm, the elongation is greater than or equal to 0.01%, and the diameter of the conductive yarn in the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is 100-1500 μm.
As a further limitation of the above aspect, the conductive yarn includes, but is not limited to, one or a combination of blended yarn and plated yarn.
As a further limitation of the above scheme, the blended yarn is made by blending common fibers and conductive fibers; the common fiber is one of natural fiber, synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber, inorganic fiber and artificial fiber; the conductive fiber comprises one or more of metal conductive fiber, inorganic conductive fiber, organic conductive fiber, composite conductive fiber, doped composite fiber or plating composite fiber.
As a further limitation of the above solution, the natural fiber includes, but is not limited to, one or more of cotton fiber, hemp fiber, and silk fiber; the synthetic fiber comprises but is not limited to one or more of terylene, spandex, vinylon and polypropylene; the regenerated fiber comprises one or more of viscose fiber and soybean fiber; the inorganic fibers include, but are not limited to, glass fibers.
As a further limitation of the above solution, the metal-based conductive fibers include, but are not limited to, metal fibers formed of any one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel; the inorganic conductive fibers include, but are not limited to, any one or more of graphite fibers, carbon fibers, silicon fibers and carbon nanotube fibers; the organic conductive fiber comprises a common fiber and a conductive polymer loaded on the common fiber; the composite conductive fiber comprises but is not limited to a fiber prepared by compounding any two or more than two of the metal fiber, the inorganic conductive fiber, the organic conductive fiber and the common fiber; the doped composite fiber is prepared by blending a thermoplastic material and a conductive material and then performing melt spinning, wet spinning, dry spinning or electrostatic spinning; the plating layer type composite fiber is prepared by conducting material through coating treatment on the surface of the thermoplastic fiber.
As a further limitation of the above, the thermoplastic material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of Polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), nylon (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET); the thermoplastic fiber is prepared by melt spinning or wet spinning the thermoplastic material.
As a further limitation of the above solution, the plated yarn includes a normal yarn and a conductive material loaded on the normal yarn through a coating process.
As a further limitation of the above solution, the conductive material is selected from one of single-walled/multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, carbon black, graphite micro-sheets, metal nanoparticles, metal nanowires/sheets, liquid metal, metal oxide powder, conductive titanium dioxide, ionic liquid or conductive polymer; the conductive polymer is selected from one or more of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline derivatives, polythiophene derivatives and polypyrrole derivatives.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor, which comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively winding conductive yarns for a sensing layer on a braided bobbin by using a tube winding machine to obtain a braided rope strand bobbin for the sensing layer;
s2, stranding and weaving a plurality of conductive yarns into a rope core bundle, and winding the rope core on a weaving bobbin through a pipe winding machine by using the conductive yarns to obtain a rope core weaving bobbin;
s3, inserting a rope weaving strand bobbin for the sensing layer on a spindle rod of a 2-20 spindle rope weaving machine; the rope core bobbin is arranged on an iron ingot at the lower part of the rope knitting machine, and the conductive yarn on the rope core bobbin is led in from a central hole at the lower part of the rope knitting machine, led out from a knitting yarn guide hole and gathered with the rope knitting rope strands for the sensing layer;
s4, shaking the hand wheel, and rotating the spindle to weave the initial end of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope; and winding the initial end of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope for 5-7 times around a traction disc, closing a clutch, and starting up for braiding, thereby processing the linear sensing material mixed braided rope.
As a further limitation of the above aspect, in step S4, the tension balance between the strands is maintained during knitting, the sensor layer is knitted by crossing the strands of the braided rope with each other to form a linear sensor material hybrid braided rope surface, and the elastic conductive core of the linear sensor material is filled in the center of the linear sensor material hybrid braided rope; and finally, leading out the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope from a braiding machine, winding the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope on a winding roller, and processing the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope into the linear sensing material mixed braided rope.
The invention further aims to provide application of the full-fiber-based flexible sensor, and the full-fiber-based flexible sensor and common yarns or linear elastomers are mixed and woven into a sheet to manufacture a large-area flexible pressure sensing electronic device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention adopts elastic conductive yarn, wraps the electrode layer of the stress sensor in the sensing layer by a rope knitting method to prepare the 'skin-core structure' linear sensing material which integrates sensing and electrode compounding, can be further directly mixed with common yarn or linear elastomer to be woven into a piece to be used as a flexible pressure sensing electronic device, is applied to the fields of detecting human body physiological health (pulse) and full range motion (facial expression, sound production, joint motion) and the like, and has the characteristics of simple structure, high stability, simple preparation process, good reproducibility, high detection sensitivity and the like.
(2) According to the invention, the regulation and control of the pressure sensing performance are realized by adjusting the variables such as yarn type, yarn fineness, yarn twist and yarn content and adopting a rope knitting method, so that the linear sensing material with excellent performance can be rapidly prepared according to the required pressure sensing performance, and the development of intelligent wearable electronic equipment is promoted.
(3) The principle of the full-fiber flexible sensor and the preparation method thereof for realizing the pressure sensing performance provided by the invention is as follows: when the sensing layer of the linear sensing material is under the action of pressure, deformation occurs, the thickness of the sensing area changes, and then the resistance changes, and the resistance can be converted into a pressure signal through testing the size of the resistance. The linear sensing material has stable and reliable performance and is easy to regulate and control, thereby providing an effective way for preparing pressure sensors with diversified performances.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber flexible sensor and a manufacturing method thereof.
Fig. 2 is a pressure-resistance curve obtained by criss-crossing and overlapping two all-fiber-based flexible sensors prepared in example 1 and testing the sensors under different pressures.
FIG. 3 is a pressure distribution diagram of the full fiber-based flexible sensor mat made according to example 38 for detecting the stress points of the human foot.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; the reagents, methods and apparatus employed in the present invention are conventional in the art, except as otherwise indicated.
In the following specific embodiment of the invention, the method for testing the sensing performance of the prepared all-fiber-based flexible sensor comprises the following steps:
connecting the electrode layer of the 'skin-core structure' linear sensing material prepared by the rope weaving method to a working electrode of an electrochemical workstation, applying 0.5V voltage to the linear sensing material, applying different pressures to the linear sensing material by using mark-10, and testing to obtain a corresponding pressure-current curve.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an all-fiber-based flexible sensor, which includes an elastic conductive cord 1 and a sensing layer 2 woven by conductive yarns and wrapped around the elastic conductive cord 1, wherein the resistance of the elastic conductive cord 1 is lower than 5% of the resistance of the sensing layer 2.
The elastic conductive rope core is formed by intertwisting and weaving a plurality of conductive yarns, the diameter of the elastic conductive rope core is 600 micrometers, and the elongation rate is greater than or equal to 0.01%.
The length of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is 5cm, the diameter of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is 2mm, the elongation of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is greater than or equal to 0.01%, and the diameter of the conductive yarn in the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is 300 micrometers.
The conductive yarns are blended yarns and are prepared by blending polyester fibers and stainless steel fibers according to the ratio of 5.
The preparation method of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively winding conductive yarns for a sensing layer on a braided bobbin by using a tube winding machine to obtain a braided rope strand bobbin for the sensing layer;
s2, stranding and weaving a plurality of conductive yarns into a bundle of rope core, and winding the rope core on a weaving bobbin through a pipe winding machine by using the conductive yarns to obtain a rope core weaving bobbin;
s3, inserting a rope weaving strand bobbin for the sensing layer on an ingot rod of a 16-ingot rope weaving machine; the rope core bobbin is arranged on an iron ingot at the lower part of the rope knitting machine, and the conductive yarn on the rope core bobbin is led in from a central hole at the lower part of the rope knitting machine, led out from a knitting yarn guide hole and gathered with the rope knitting rope strands for the sensing layer;
s4, shaking the hand wheel, and rotating the spindle to weave the initial end of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope; winding the initial end of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope for 5-7 times around a traction disc, closing a clutch, starting up the braiding, keeping the tension balance among all the strands during the braiding, mutually crossing and braiding the strands of the braided rope for the sensing layer to form a linear sensing material mixed braided rope surface, and filling an elastic conductive rope core of the linear sensing material in the center of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope; and finally, leading the woven linear sensing material mixed braided rope out of the braiding machine and winding the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope on a winding roller so as to process the linear sensing material mixed braided rope.
The pressure-resistance curves obtained by criss-cross superposition of two all-fiber-based flexible sensors prepared in the embodiment under different pressures are shown in fig. 2. From the results in the figure, it can be seen that as the pressure increases, the resistance of the resulting sensing material decreases.
Examples 2 to 5
From the above results, it can be seen that the diameter of the elastic conductive cord in the wire-shaped sensing material affects the breaking strength and sensing performance of the resulting coated wire-shaped sensing material. The data in the comprehensive table show that under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the breaking strength of the obtained all-fiber flexible sensor and the preparation method thereof is increased along with the increase of the diameter of the yarn rope core, the detection range value (detection upper limit) is increased, and the sensitivity is increased.
Examples 6 to 9
Embodiments 6 to 9 provide an all-fiber-based flexible sensor, which is different from embodiment 1 in that the diameter of the conductive yarn in the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is changed, and other operations are the same, and are not repeated here, and specific experimental condition parameters and performance test results are shown in the following table.
From the above results, it can be seen that the diameter of the conductive yarn in the linear sensing material directly affects the breaking strength and the sensing performance of the obtained coated linear sensing material. The data in the comprehensive table show that under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the breaking strength of the prepared full-fiber flexible sensor is increased along with the increase of the diameter of the conductive yarn, the detection range value (detection upper limit) is increased, and the sensitivity shows the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the increase of the diameter of the conductive yarn.
Examples 10 to 13
Examples 10 to 13 provide an all-fiber-based flexible sensor, which is different from example 1 in that the diameter of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is changed, and other operations are the same, and are not described herein again, and specific experimental condition parameters and performance test results are shown in the following table.
From the above table results, it can be seen that the diameter of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor in the linear sensing material directly affects the breaking strength and the sensing performance of the obtained coated linear sensing material. The data in the comprehensive table show that under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the breaking strength of the obtained all-fiber-based flexible sensor is increased along with the increase of the diameter of the linear sensing material, the detection range value (detection upper limit) is increased, and the sensitivity tends to increase first and then decrease along with the increase of the diameter of the wire rope. Therefore, in the practical application process, the diameter of the linear sensing material can be adjusted according to the requirement to obtain linear full-fiber-based flexible sensors with different breaking strengths and pressure sensing performances.
Examples 14 to 29
Embodiments 14 to 29 provide an all-fiber-based flexible sensor, and compared with embodiment 1, the difference is that the types of the conductive yarns in the all-fiber-based flexible sensor are the same as other operations, which are not described herein again, and specific experimental condition parameters and performance test results are shown in the following table.
From the above table results, it can be seen that when the diameter of the braided rope is constant, the linear sensing material with different upper detection limit ranges and sensitivities can be obtained by adjusting the type of the yarn. Meanwhile, the results in the table are compared, so that the materials used by the conductive yarns in the rope core and the sensing layer have obvious influence on the pressure sensing performance of the manufactured full-fiber-based flexible sensor. Therefore, different types of conductive yarns can be compounded or the yarns can be subjected to coating treatment to prepare linear sensing materials with different upper detection limits and sensitivities. Therefore, in practical application, flexible pressure sensing devices with different pressure sensing performances can be obtained by adjusting the yarn types so as to meet different stress sensing performance requirements.
Examples 30 to 37
Embodiments 30 to 37 provide an all-fiber-based flexible sensor, and compared with embodiment 1, the difference is that the types of the elastic conductive cord core and the conductive yarn in the sensing layer in the all-fiber-based flexible sensor are changed, and other operations are the same and are not repeated here, and specific experimental condition parameters and performance test results are shown in the following table.
The metal conductive yarns are gold yarns, the inorganic conductive yarns are carbon fiber yarns, the organic conductive yarns are cotton yarns with polypyrrole attached to the surface, the composite conductive yarns are blended yarns of the cotton fibers and the carbon fibers with the polypyrrole attached to the surface, and the common yarns are polyester yarns.
| Examples | Rope core | Sensing layer | Upper limit of detection (kPa) | Sensitivity kPa -1 |
| 30 | Metal conductive yarn | Organic |
400 | 18.25 |
| 31 | Inorganic conductive yarn | Organic |
200 | 16.23 |
| 32 | Organic conductive yarn | Organic |
200 | 10.25 |
| 33 | Composite conductive yarn | Organic |
100 | 9.23 |
| 34 | Inorganic conductive yarn | Inorganic |
200 | 9.65 |
| 35 | Organic conductive yarn | Composite conductive yarn | 150 | 11.42 |
| 36 | Inorganic conductive yarn | Composite |
300 | 17.22 |
| 37 | Composite conductive yarn | Composite |
100 | 8.36 |
It can be seen from the above table that when the diameter of the all-fiber-based flexible sensor is fixed, the linear sensing materials with different upper detection limit ranges and sensitivities are obtained by adjusting the compositions of the rope core and the conductive yarns in the sensing layer. Comparing the results of the examples, it can be seen that the composition of the conductive yarn in the cord core and the sensing layer can have a significant influence on the pressure sensing performance of the manufactured all-fiber-based flexible sensing device. Therefore, in the practical application process, the linear full-fiber-based flexible sensor with different sensing performances can be manufactured by adjusting the types of the yarns of the rope core and the sensing layer, so that different stress sensing performance requirements are met, and a new direction is provided for the popularization and application of diversified pressure sensors.
Example 38
Example 38 provides a large area pressure sensing mat woven from the all-fiber based flexible sensor made in example 1, woven as follows:
the all-fiber-based flexible sensing material prepared in example 1 and a common yarn (polyester yarn) were periodically fed to a weaving machine in a ratio of 1. Each warp and weft yarn interweaving point in the prepared plain weave fabric is a signal acquisition point, and an electrode in each all-fiber-based flexible sensor is connected with an acquisition circuit and used for detecting the stress point of the foot of a human body.
The results of the pressure distribution diagram of the full fiber-based flexible sensing mat manufactured in this embodiment, which is obtained by detecting the stress points of the human foot, are shown in fig. 3. From the results presented in the figures, it can be seen that when the human foot is pressed on the upper part of the sensing mat, the outline of the foot is clearly visible, and it can be clearly seen that the signals collected by the forefoot and the heel are more significant, since the foot's point of attack is mainly located at the forefoot and the heel. Therefore, the all-fiber-based flexible sensor prepared by the invention can be applied to the fields of human clinical diagnosis, health assessment, health monitoring, flexible electronic skin, even industrial robots and the like, so as to realize the performances of high resolution, high sensitivity, quick response, low-cost manufacturing, complex signal detection and the like.
In conclusion, the linear full-fiber-based flexible sensor with the coating structure, which is prepared by the invention, is based on the characteristics of large specific surface area of the elastic conductive yarn and excellent performance of the material, and when the sensor is stimulated by external force, the flexible high-flexibility nanofiber yarn stress sensor shows ultrahigh sensitivity and a wide sensing range. In a human body monitoring system, limb movement monitoring from a weak pressure heart rate to a large pressure can be realized. In addition, the manufacturing process is simple and convenient, the cost is low, and the development towards large-scale commercial full-flexible stress sensors is facilitated.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention; those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and alterations of the above embodiments according to the spirit and techniques of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. An all-fiber-based flexible sensor is characterized by comprising an elastic conductive rope core and a sensing layer which is woven by conductive yarns and wrapped on the periphery of the elastic conductive rope core, wherein the resistance of the rope core is lower than that of the sensing layer;
when the sensing layer is under the pressure effect, take place deformation, sensing district thickness changes thereupon, and then makes resistance change, can turn into pressure signal through test resistance size.
2. The all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to claim 1, wherein the elastic conductive rope core is formed by twisting and weaving a plurality of conductive yarns, and the resistance of the elastic conductive rope core is lower than 1-10% of the resistance of the sensing layer.
3. The all-fiber flexible sensor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the elastic conductive rope core is 100-1000 μm, and the elongation is greater than or equal to 0.01%.
4. The all-fiber flexible sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of the all-fiber flexible sensor is greater than or equal to 5cm, the diameter of the all-fiber flexible sensor is 0.1 to 5mm, the elongation of the all-fiber flexible sensor is greater than or equal to 0.01%, and the diameter of the conductive yarn in the all-fiber flexible sensor is 100 to 1500 μm.
5. The all-fiber-based flexible sensor as claimed in claim 4, wherein the conductive yarn includes but is not limited to one or a combination of blended yarn and plated yarn.
6. The all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to claim 5, wherein the blended yarn is made by blending common fibers and conductive fibers; the common fiber is one of natural fiber, synthetic fiber, regenerated fiber, inorganic fiber and artificial fiber; the conductive fiber comprises one or more of metal conductive fiber, inorganic conductive fiber, organic conductive fiber, composite conductive fiber, doped composite fiber or plating composite fiber.
7. The all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to claim 6, wherein the natural fibers include but are not limited to one or more of cotton fibers, hemp fibers, and silk fibers; the synthetic fiber comprises but is not limited to one or more of terylene, spandex, vinylon and polypropylene; the regenerated fiber comprises one or more of viscose fiber and soybean fiber; the inorganic fibers include, but are not limited to, glass fibers.
8. The all-fiber based flexible sensor according to claim 6, wherein the metal type conductive fiber comprises but is not limited to a metal fiber formed by any one or more of gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel; the inorganic conductive fiber comprises any one or more of graphite fiber, carbon fiber, silicon fiber and carbon nanotube fiber; the organic conductive fiber comprises a common fiber and a conductive polymer loaded on the common fiber; the composite conductive fiber comprises but is not limited to a fiber prepared by compounding any two or more than two of the metal fiber, the inorganic conductive fiber, the organic conductive fiber and the common fiber; the doped composite fiber is prepared by blending a thermoplastic material and a conductive material and then performing melt spinning, wet spinning, dry spinning or electrostatic spinning; the plating layer type composite fiber is prepared by conducting material through coating treatment on the surface of the thermoplastic fiber.
9. The all-fiber based flexible sensor according to claim 8, wherein the thermoplastic material comprises but is not limited to one or more of Polyurethane (PU), polycarbonate (PC), nylon (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET); the thermoplastic fiber is prepared by melt spinning or wet spinning the thermoplastic material.
10. The all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to claim 5, wherein the plated yarn comprises a plain yarn and a conductive material coated on the plain yarn.
11. The all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to claim 8, wherein the conductive material is selected from one of single-walled/multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, carbon black, graphite micro-sheets, metal nanoparticles, metal nanowires/sheets, liquid metal, metal oxide powder, conductive titanium dioxide, ionic liquid or conductive polymer; the conductive polymer is selected from one or more of polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyphenylene sulfide, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline derivatives, polythiophene derivatives and polypyrrole derivatives.
12. A method for preparing an all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
s1, respectively winding conductive yarns for a sensing layer on a braided bobbin by using a tube winding machine to obtain a braided rope strand bobbin for the sensing layer;
s2, stranding and weaving a plurality of conductive yarns into a bundle of rope core, and winding the rope core on a weaving bobbin through a pipe winding machine by using the conductive yarns to obtain a rope core weaving bobbin;
s3, inserting a rope weaving strand bobbin for the sensing layer on a spindle rod of a 2-20-spindle rope weaving machine; the rope core bobbin is arranged on an iron ingot at the lower part of the rope knitting machine, and the conductive yarn on the rope core bobbin is led in from a central hole at the lower part of the rope knitting machine, led out from a knitting yarn guide hole and gathered with the rope knitting rope strands for the sensing layer;
s4, shaking the hand wheel, and rotating the spindle to weave the initial end of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope; and winding the initial end of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope for 5-7 times around a traction disc, closing a clutch, and starting up for braiding, thereby processing the linear sensing material mixed braided rope.
13. The method for manufacturing an all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to claim 12, wherein in step S4, tension balance among the strands is maintained during weaving, the strands of the sensing layer are interwoven with each other to form a linear sensing material mixed braided rope surface, and an elastic conductive rope core of the linear sensing material is filled in the center of the linear sensing material mixed braided rope; and finally, leading out the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope from a braiding machine, winding the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope on a winding roller, and processing the braided linear sensing material mixed braided rope into the linear sensing material mixed braided rope.
14. Use of an all-fiber-based flexible sensor, wherein the all-fiber-based flexible sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or the all-fiber-based flexible sensor obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 12 to 13 is mixed with a common yarn or a linear elastomer to form a sheet for manufacturing a large-area flexible pressure sensing electronic device.
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