CN113201802B

CN113201802B - Tension sensing fiber, yarn, fabric and tension sensing fiber preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN113201802B
Application number: CN202110458568.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶光明; 简艾嘉; 欧阳静宇; 田明伟
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Wuhan Xinrunxing Material Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-27
Filing date: 2021-04-27
Publication date: 2023-03-17
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-27
Also published as: CN113201802A

Abstract

The application discloses a tension sensing fiber, which comprises a tension sensing layer, wherein the tension sensing layer comprises a polymer material and a conductive material, and the conductive material accounts for 0.01-50% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage, preferably 1-20% of the tension sensing layer, and the polymer material accounts for 50-99.99% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage, preferably 90-99% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage. The application provides a tensile force sensing fibre has excellent sensing performance, has characteristics such as daily wearable travelling comfort, wearability, flexibility simultaneously concurrently. The preparation process is simple, the yarn diameter is controllable, and the structure is unique and stable. Through regulation and control of materials and structure, the tension sensing fiber can also have the characteristics of resisting interference of other factors (temperature, humidity and the like), and can be combined with other sensing fibers through a textile technology to realize a wearable multi-mode sensing device.

Description

Tension sensing fiber, yarn, fabric and tension sensing fiber preparation method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of fibers, in particular to tension sensing fibers, yarns, fabrics and a tension sensing fiber preparation method.

Background

With the rapid development of science and technology, the demand of people on the living standard is higher and higher, so that the daily essential textiles are developing towards the intelligent wearable direction, and therefore, the wearable intelligent fiber and the fabric thereof are also widely researched. The force is an important index generated along with movement, the research and development of wearable tension sensing fiber fabrics are promoted, and the high-elasticity fibers, yarns and fabrics have wider application value due to the excellent mechanical properties of the fibers, yarns and fabrics. This patent concretely relates to wearable high-elastic tension sensing fibre, yarn and fabric thereof, this fibre, yarn and fabric can be applied to fields such as physiological index monitoring, motion detection, human-computer interaction, electron skin. The existing preparation process or structure of the tension sensing fiber or fabric is applied to daily wearable sensing fabrics which are manufactured in large quantities.

The Chinese invention patent CN109355715A discloses a flexible and stretchable multi-mode sensor and a preparation method thereof, and the patent adopts an electrostatic spinning technology to coat carbon nano tube/polymer composite nano fibers on the surface of an elastic conductive core yarn to prepare nano fiber core-spun yarn. The Chinese invention patent CN109431460A discloses a flexible high-flexibility stress sensor with a fold structure, which adopts a similar electrostatic spinning technology to prepare a nano-fiber core-spun yarn, and a layer of conductive polymer polypyrrole is polymerized and coated on the surface of a shell layer nano-fiber of the core-spun yarn by an in-situ liquid phase polymerization method, and finally a layer of gel film with conductive copper wires is coated on the surface of the yarn. The Chinese invention patent CN107858780A discloses a preparation method of a high-strength and high-elasticity spring-like fiber bundle, which utilizes electrostatic spinning and twisting technology, adds corresponding plasticizer in the preparation process and can be used for a tension sensor. The Chinese invention patent CN108560250A discloses a preparation method and application of a flexible strain sensor based on conductive fibers, wherein the conductive fibers are formed by coating a layer of polymer nanofiber membrane on the surface of elastic yarns by adopting an electrostatic spinning technology, and then metal nanowires are deposited on the surface structure of the elastic yarns through repeated dip-coating. However, the tension sensing yarn prepared based on the electrostatic spinning technology has the disadvantages of complex process, high macro production cost and poor durability, and is difficult to resist the friction damage of daily fabrics.

Chinese invention patent CN107287684A discloses a high-stretch high-sensitivity flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber and a preparation method thereof, the patent adopts wet spinning to prepare an elastic composite fiber with a highly oriented 1D/2D hybrid network, the fiber is placed in a metal precursor solution for full swelling, and then is placed in reducing steam for reduction, the metal precursor is reduced into zero-dimensional (0D) metal nanoparticles, and then the flexible force-sensitive sensing fiber based on a 0D/1D/2D three-dimensional cooperative network is prepared. The Chinese invention patent CN109735953A discloses a coaxial wet spinning technology for preparing TPE/PANI skin-core structure elastic conductive fiber and wearable stress sensing application. However, the tension sensing fiber prepared by wet spinning is difficult to construct a more complex structure or introduce continuous fiber materials, and further improvement of the structure and the materials is difficult to achieve.

Chinese invention patent CN110361119A discloses a flexible stress sensor with a composite microstructure and a preparation method thereof, wherein an elastic rope is immersed in a dispersion liquid of a conductive nano material. The invention discloses a stretchable coaxial fibrous friction power generation and sensing device and a preparation method thereof, and is characterized in that a wrapping method is adopted, high polymer materials with different dielectric constants are used as friction power generation layers, and an oriented carbon nanotube film is used as a charge induction and collection electrode. US patent 12288308a discloses a fabric strain sensor for measuring in-plane unidirectional strain, which includes a mixture of conductive particles or fibers and an elastomer matrix, which is coated onto an elastic fabric substrate. However, the tensile force sensing fabric prepared by adopting a dip coating wrapping method is easy to fall off, poor in durability and wear resistance and limited in service life, and the process is long in time consumption and long in preparation period.

The invention patent US201816202399A discloses a conductive fiber comprising a metal-nano alloy-carbon nano material composite material, and a strain sensor is prepared by adopting wet spinning, but the method cannot prepare a functional fiber with a complex structure. In addition, the tension sensing fiber, the yarn and the fabric prepared by the preparation process do not relate to the effect of resisting interference of other factors.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the application provides a tension sensing fiber, has excellent sensing performance, has characteristics such as daily wearable travelling comfort, wearability, flexibility simultaneously. The preparation process is simple, the yarn diameter is controllable, and the structure is unique and stable. Through regulation and control of materials and structure, the tension sensing fiber can also have the characteristic of resisting interference of other factors (temperature, humidity and the like), and can be combined with other sensing fibers through a textile technology to realize a wearable multi-mode sensing device.

The technical scheme of the application is as follows:

1. the tension sensing fiber is characterized by comprising a tension sensing layer, wherein the tension sensing layer comprises a polymer material and a conductive material, and the conductive material accounts for 0.01-50% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage, preferably 1-20% of the tension sensing layer, and the polymer material accounts for 50-99.99% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage, preferably 90-99% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage.

2. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 1, wherein the polymer material is selected from one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, fluorine resin, polyurethane, fluorine resin-modified polymethyl methacrylate, cyclic olefin copolymer, cyclic olefin polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene sulfone resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyethyleneimine, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene methyl dimethacrylate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene oxide, polypropylene terephthalate, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyvinyl acetal, polyester and sodium sulfoisophthalate copolymer, acrylate copolymer, preferably styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer or polyurethane.

3. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is one or more selected from metal nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, carbon black, carbon fibers, graphene, mxene, PEDOT, PSS, polypyrrole, polyaniline, gold nanowires/particles, silver nanowires/particles, copper nanowires/particles, iron nanowires/particles, and the like, and is preferably graphene and/or Mxene.

4. The tension sensing fiber according to the item 3, wherein the conductive material is graphene and Mxene, and the mass ratio of the graphene to the Mxene is 1: (0.2-5), preferably 1: (1-3), more preferably 1.

5. The tension sensing fiber according to item 1, wherein a hydrophobic layer is further disposed on the surface of the tension sensing layer, the hydrophobic layer comprises a hydrophobic polymer material, and the thickness ratio of the tension sensing layer to the hydrophobic layer is 1: (0.2-10).

6. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 5, wherein the hydrophobic material is one or more selected from parylene, fluorocarbon wax, fluorine resin, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene derivative, polydimethylsiloxane derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyimide derivative, polyvinyl chloride derivative, polyethylene terephthalate derivative, fluorinated polyethylene, fluorocarbon wax or other synthetic fluorine-containing polymer, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, fluorine-free acrylate, molten paraffin or other synthetic polymer melt, and organic-inorganic hybrid materials such as silicone material, preferably polydimethylsiloxane, parylene or fluorine resin.

7. The tension sensing fiber according to item 1 or 5, wherein at least one conductive core layer is disposed within the tension sensing layer, the conductive core layer comprising an electrode material, the conductive core layer having a diameter of 10 μm to 150 μm, preferably 10 μm to 50 μm.

8. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 7, wherein the electrode material is selected from one or more of a metal wire, a metal yarn, a carbonaceous material, an electro-polymer material, a synthetic fiber coated with a metal, a carbonaceous material, an electro-polymer material, a natural fiber coated with a metal, a carbonaceous material, an electro-polymer material, or a liquid metal material.

9. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 8, wherein the metal wire is selected from a copper wire, a tungsten wire, a nickel-chromium wire, a stainless steel wire, a platinum wire, a molybdenum wire, a gold wire, or a silver wire;

the metal yarn is selected from stainless steel yarn, iron fiber yarn, copper yarn or silver yarn;

the carbonaceous material is selected from carbon nanotubes, carbon black, carbon fibers or graphene or Mxene;

the electric polymer material is selected from PEDOT, PSS, polypyrrole and polyaniline;

the synthetic fiber coated with metal on the surface is selected from polyester fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber, polyamide fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, acrylic fiber or polyester fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, carbon nanotube, carbon black, graphene, mxene, PEDOT, PSS;

the natural fiber coated with metal on the surface is selected from cotton, wool, flax and silk fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, carbon nano tube, carbon black, graphene, mxene, PEDOT, PSS;

the liquid metal material is selected from gallium-indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy.

10. The tension sensing fiber according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein when a plurality of conductive core layers are provided in the tension sensing layer, the plurality of conductive core layers are discretely provided in the axial direction of the tension sensing layer.

11. The tension sensing fiber according to item 10, wherein the cross-section of the tension sensing fiber is selected from at least one of a triangle, a rectangle, a circle, a polygon, and an irregular shape.

12. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 10, wherein the tension sensing fiber has a diameter of 1 μm to 3000 μm, preferably 50 μm to 1000 μm, and more preferably 500 μm;

the tension sensing sensitivity of the tension sensing fiber is in the range of 1-500, preferably 10-500;

the maximum draw ratio of the tension sensing fiber is 0-3000%, preferably 300-1000%.

13. A method of making a tension sensing fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the steps of:

preparing a tension sensing composite master batch;

preparing the tension sensing composite master batch into a tension sensing prefabricated rod;

and carrying out thermal softening and wire drawing on the tension sensing prefabricated rod to prepare the tension sensing fiber.

14. The preparation method according to item 13, wherein the tension sensing composite master batch comprises a polymer material and a conductive material, and the content of the conductive material is 0.01% to 50%, preferably 1% to 20%, and the content of the polymer material is 50% to 99.99%, preferably 90% to 99%, in terms of mass percentage in the tension sensing composite master batch.

15. The production method according to item 13, wherein the tension-sensing composite master batch is produced by a physical blending method or a physical/chemical blending method or a solution blending method.

16. The method of manufacturing according to item 11, wherein the method of manufacturing the tension sensing preform is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hot press method, a sleeve method, a film winding method, a thermosetting method, a melt extrusion method, 3D printing, and a mechanical polishing cutting method;

the temperature for carrying out thermal softening and wire drawing on the tension sensing prefabricated rod is 25-600 ℃, and the drawing speed is 0.1-5000 m/min.

17. The method according to item 11, further comprising, before the heat softening drawing of the tension sensing preform,

preparing a hollow hydrophobic layer preform,

and sleeving the tension sensing preform into the hydrophobic layer preform.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the tension sensing preform is sheathed in the hydrophobic layer preform and then thermally softened and drawn to obtain the tension sensing fiber with the hydrophobic layer.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising, after the thermal softening and drawing of the tension sensing preform, coating the tension sensing fiber with a hydrophobic coating to obtain the tension sensing fiber with a hydrophobic layer.

20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the step of passing one or more conductive filaments through the tension sensing preform in an axial direction of the tension sensing preform is further included before the step of performing the thermal softening drawing on the tension sensing preform.

21. A method of making a preform according to any of claims 11-19 further comprising injecting a liquid electrode material into the tension sensing preform prior to heat softening drawing the tension sensing preform.

22. A method of making a preform according to any of claims 11-19 further comprising injecting a liquid electrode material into the tension sensing fiber after the thermal softening drawing of the tension sensing preform.

23. A tension sensing yarn, which is characterized by comprising a yarn and the tension sensing fiber of any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the yarn and the tension sensing fiber are connected into a whole through wrapping or twisting.

24. The tension sensing yarn of claim 23, wherein the yarn is wound around the surface of the tension sensing fiber to form a core package structure, the tension sensing fiber is a core layer, and the yarn is a cladding layer.

25. The tension sensing yarn according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the yarn is selected from one or more of synthetic chemical fibers, natural fibers, metal filaments, metal yarns, carbonaceous materials, conductive polymers, synthetic fibers having surfaces coated with conductive materials, and natural fibers having surfaces coated with conductive materials.

26. The tension sensing yarn according to claim 24, wherein the synthetic chemical fiber is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyester staple fiber, spandex staple fiber, acrylic staple fiber, aramid staple fiber, polyamide staple fiber, acrylic staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, polyester staple fiber, nylon staple fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride staple fiber, and polytetrafluoroethylene staple fiber, preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride staple fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene staple fiber, and spandex staple fiber;

the natural fibers are selected from one or more than two of cashmere short fibers, flax short fibers and cotton short fibers, and preferably the flax short fibers or the cotton short fibers;

the metal yarn is selected from one or more than two of copper wire, tungsten wire, nickel-chromium wire, stainless steel wire, platinum wire, molybdenum wire, stainless steel yarn, iron yarn, silver yarn and alloy wire thereof, and is preferably copper wire or stainless steel wire;

the carbonaceous material is selected from one or more than two of carbon nano tube, carbon black, carbon fiber, graphene and Mxene, preferably one or more than two of carbon nano tube, graphene or Mxene;

PSS, polypyrrole and polyaniline, preferably PEDOT: PSS;

the synthetic fiber coated with the conductive material on the surface is selected from one or more than two of polyester fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber, polyamide fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, acrylic fiber and polyester fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, carbon nano tube, carbon black, graphene, mxene and PEDOT, and preferably is spandex fiber or aramid fiber coated with silver;

the natural fiber coated with the metal conductive material on the surface is selected from one or more of cotton, wool, flax and silk fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, carbon nano tube, carbon black, graphene, mxene, PEDOT PSS, and preferably cotton, flax or silk fiber coated with silver.

27. The tension sensing yarn is characterized by comprising at least two tension sensing fibers 1-10, wherein the tension sensing fibers are twisted or wound and connected into a whole.

28. A tension sensing fabric comprising the tension sensing yarn of any one of claims 23 to 27 and/or the tension sensing fiber of any one of claims 1 to 10.

29. A distributed tension sensing fabric device is characterized by comprising modules such as a tension sensing fabric, an analog-to-digital converter, a power supply, a Bluetooth emitter, a microprocessor and the like, wherein the tension sensing fabric is the tension sensing fabric of item 28.

30. The distributed tension sensing fabric device of claim 29, wherein the longitudinal spacing of the tension sensing fibers in the distributed tension sensing fabric device is not less than 10 μm, preferably 10 μm to 50cm, and the transverse spacing is not less than 10 μm, preferably 10 μm to 50cm.

31. The distributed tension sensing fabric device of claim 29, wherein the spatial precision of the distributed tension sensing fabric device is not less than 0.01mm ^-2 Preferably 0.01mm ^-2 -2500cm ^-2 。

According to the tension sensing fiber, the tension sensing layer contains the conductive material, so that the interference of temperature factors on the fiber can be eliminated.

According to the tension sensing fiber, the hydrophobic layer arranged outside the tension sensing layer can eliminate the interference of humidity factors to the fiber, so that the optimal sensing effect is achieved. (ii) a

According to the tension sensing fiber, a large batch of filaments can be prepared through a simple thermal softening and stretching process, one-step forming and controllable filament diameter, and the tension sensing fiber is suitable for industrial processing and production.

According to the application, the tension sensing fiber can be used for preparing tension sensing yarns, soft and high-elastic fabrics are prepared through a spinning and weaving process, a high-pixel distributed sensing array structure of the fabrics is realized, and the fabric-based wearable requirement of intelligent equipment can be met.

Detailed Description

The following description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application, including various details of the embodiments of the present application to assist in understanding, should be taken as exemplary only. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness.

The application provides a tension sensing fiber, which comprises a tension sensing layer, wherein the tension sensing layer comprises a polymer material and a conductive material, and the content of the conductive material is 0.01-50%, preferably 1-20%, and the content of the polymer material is 50-99.99%, preferably 90-99%, in percentage by mass in the tension sensing layer.

In specific embodiments, the content of the conductive material may be 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.95%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 5%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 43%, 40%, 42%, 46%, or 48%, or 45% by mass% in the tension sensing layer.

In particular embodiments, the polymeric material may be present in an amount of 99.99%, 99.95%, 99.9%, 99.85%, 99.8%, 99.75%, 99.7%, 99.65%, 99.6%, 99.55%, 99.5%, 99.45%, 99.4%, 99.35%, 99.3%, 99.25%, 99.2%, 99.15%, 99.1%, 99.05%, 99%, 98%, 97.5%, 97%, 96.5%, 96%, 95.5%, 95%, 94.5%, 94%, 93.5%, 93%, 92.5%, 92%, 91.5%, 91%, 90.5%, 90%, 89%, 88%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 83%, 82%, 81%, 80%, 79%, 78%, 77%, 76%, 75%, 74%, 73%, 72%, 71%, 70%, 69%, 68%, 67%, 66%, 65%, 64%, 63%, 62%, 56%, 60%, 59%, 58%, 54%, or 55%, 53%, 52%, or 50% by mass percentage of the tensile sensing layer.

In the present application, the tension sensing master batch is made of the polymer material and the conductive material.

The content of the conductive material is 0.01% -50%, preferably 1% -10%, and the content of the polymer material is 50% -99.99%, preferably 90% -99%.

In the present application, the polymer material is selected from one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, fluororesin, polyurethane, fluororesin-modified polymethyl methacrylate, cycloolefin-based copolymer, cycloolefin polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene sulfone resin, polyether sulfone resin, polyethyleneimine, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, styrene-methyl dimethacrylate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylene ether, polypropylene terephthalate, styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyvinyl acetal, polyester and sodium isophthalate sulfonate copolymer, acrylate copolymer, and preferably styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer or polyurethane.

In the application, the conductive material is selected from one or more than two of metal nano materials such as carbon nano tubes, carbon black, carbon fibers, graphene, mxene, PEDOT, PSS, polypyrrole, polyaniline, gold nano wires/particles, silver nano wires/particles, copper nano wires/particles and iron nano wires/particles, and is preferably graphene and/or Mxene.

In the application, the conductive material may be graphene and Mxene, and a mass ratio of the graphene to the Mxene is 1: (0.2-5), preferably 1: (1-3), more preferably 1. The MXene/graphene composite conductive material with the optimal Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) is constructed by a blending method.

The mass ratio of graphene to Mxene can be 1.

In the application, the conductive material may be composed of graphene and Mxene, and a mass ratio of the graphene to the Mxene is 1: (0.2-5), preferably 1: (1-3), more preferably 1.

In the present application, the diameter of the tension sensing layer is 50 to 1000. Mu.m, preferably 50 to 500. Mu.m. The tension sensing layer may have a diameter of 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, 800 μm, 850 μm, 900 μm, 950 μm or 1000 μm.

In this application, the surface on pulling force perception layer still is provided with the hydrophobic layer, the hydrophobic layer includes hydrophobic polymer material, with account for the mass percent in the hydrophobic layer, the thickness on pulling force perception layer with the thickness ratio of hydrophobic layer is 1: (0.2-10).

In the present application, the ratio of the thickness of the tension sensing layer to the thickness of the water-repellent layer can be 1.

In the present application, the hydrophobic layer is made of a hydrophobic polymer material.

The hydrophobic layer is arranged outside the tension sensing layer, so that the interference of humidity factors on the fibers can be eliminated, and the optimal sensing effect is achieved.

In the present application, the hydrophobic material is selected from one or more of parylene, fluorocarbon wax, fluororesin, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene derivative, polydimethylsiloxane derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyimide derivative, polyvinyl chloride derivative, polyethylene terephthalate derivative, fluorinated polyethylene, fluorocarbon wax or other synthetic fluorine-containing polymer, synthetic polymer melt polymers such as polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyester, fluorine-free acrylate, molten paraffin, and organic-inorganic hybrid materials such as silicone material, and is preferably one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, parylene, or fluororesin

In a specific embodiment, the tension sensing fiber is a core-clad structure, the hydrophobic layer is a clad layer, the tension sensing layer is a core layer, the core layer is made of MXene, graphene and a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, and a mass ratio of the polymer material (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer) to the conductive material (MXene and graphene) is 8:100, the material of the cladding is fluororesin. (during the preparation of the tension sensing fiber, the cladding polymer material (fluororesin) is made into a hollow pipe sleeve prefabricated rod, the core layer material is made into a solid prefabricated rod, and then the solid prefabricated rod of the core layer is sleeved on the hollow pipe sleeve prefabricated rod of the cladding layer and is thermally cured or the cladding polymer material is thermally pressed into a film to be rolled on the surface of a core rod).

In the present application, at least one conductive core layer is arranged in the tension sensing layer, the conductive core layer comprises an electrode material, and the diameter of the conductive core layer is 10 μm-150 μm, preferably 10 μm-50 μm.

In the present application, the diameter of the conductive core layer may be 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 75 μm, 80 μm, 85 μm, 90 μm, 95 μm, 100 μm, 105 μm, 110 μm, 115 μm, 120 μm, 125 μm, 130 μm, 135 μm, 140 μm, 145 μm, 150 μm.

In the present application, the electrode material is selected from one or more of a metal wire, a metal yarn, a carbonaceous material, an electro-polymer material, a synthetic fiber coated with a metal, a carbonaceous material, an electro-polymer material, a natural fiber coated with a metal, a carbonaceous material, an electro-polymer material, or a liquid metal material, and is preferably a metal yarn or a carbonaceous material or a liquid metal material

In the present application, the metal wire is selected from copper wire, tungsten wire, nickel-chromium wire, stainless steel wire, platinum wire, molybdenum wire or silver wire, preferably copper wire or stainless steel wire;

the metal yarn is selected from stainless steel yarn, iron fiber yarn, copper yarn or silver yarn, and preferably is stainless steel yarn;

the carbonaceous material is selected from carbon nano tubes, carbon black, carbon fibers or graphene or Mxene, and is preferably carbon fibers;

the electric polymer material is selected from PEDOT PSS, polypyrrole and polyaniline, preferably PEDOT PSS;

the synthetic fiber coated with metal on the surface is selected from polyester fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber, polyamide fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, acrylic fiber or polyester fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, carbon nano tube, carbon black, graphene, mxene, PEDOT, PSS, preferably spandex fiber or aramid fiber coated with silver; the natural fiber coated with metal on the surface is selected from cotton, wool, flax and silk fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, carbon nano tube, carbon black, graphene, mxene, PEDOT, PSS, preferably cotton, flax or silk fiber coated with silver;

In the present application, the conductive core layer is made of an electrode material.

In this application, when being provided with a plurality of electrically conductive sandwich layers in the pulling force perception layer, it is a plurality of electrically conductive sandwich layers along the axial of pulling force perception layer is discrete setting.

The application also provides a preparation method of the tension sensing fiber, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparing a tension sensing composite master batch;

step two: preparing the tension sensing composite master batch into a tension sensing prefabricated rod;

step three: and carrying out thermal softening and wire drawing on the tension sensing prefabricated rod to prepare the tension sensing fiber.

The tension sensing composite master batch comprises a polymer material and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material accounts for 0.01-50% of the tension sensing layer by mass percentage, the conductive material preferably accounts for 1-20%, and the polymer material accounts for 50-99.99% of the tension sensing layer, preferably accounts for 90-99%.

The tension sensing fiber prepared by the tension sensing composite master batch only comprises the tension sensing layer.

In the present application, the tension-sensing composite master batch is prepared by a physical blending method or a physical/chemical blending method or a solution blending method.

In a specific embodiment, the physical blending method is to uniformly mix the polymer material and the conductive material by a screw extruder under a heating and melting condition, so as to prepare the tension sensing composite master batch.

In a specific embodiment, the physical/chemical blending method is that some chemical polymerization reactions can occur on the basis of physical blending, and the conductive material does not participate in the chemical reactions, so that the physical characteristics of the polymer are enhanced to prepare the tension sensing composite master batch.

In a specific embodiment, the solution blending method is to fully dissolve the polymer material into a solution by using a chemical reagent, then add the conductive material, and uniformly disperse the conductive material by means of ultrasound or a magnetic stirrer, and the like, wherein the polymer material and the conductive material do not react with the chemical reagent. And removing the chemical agent to prepare the tension sensing composite master batch.

In the present application, the cross-section of the tension sensing preform is selected from at least one of a triangle, a rectangle, a circle, a polygon, and an irregular shape. Including but not limited to.

In the present application, the diameter of the tension sensing fiber is 1 μm to 3000 μm, preferably 50 μm to 1000 μm, and more preferably 500 μm.

The tension sensing fiber may have a diameter of 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, 9 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm, 200 μm, 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, 750 μm, 800 μm, 850 μm, 900 μm, 950 μm, 1000 μm, 1500 μm, 2000 μm, 2500 μm, or 3000 μm.

In the present application, the method of manufacturing the tension sensing preform is selected from at least one of a hot press method, a sleeve method, a film winding method, a thermosetting method, a melt extrusion method, 3D printing, and mechanical polishing cutting.

In the application, the temperature range of the thermal softening and wire drawing of the tension sensing prefabricated rod is 25-600 ℃, and the drawing speed is 0.1-5000 m/min.

In the present application, the tension sensing sensitivity (GF = (Δ R/R) of the tension sensing fiber ₀ ) /. Epsilon.) is in the range 1 to 500, preferably 10 to 500.

GF is a sensitivity (gauge factor). DELTA.R represents a resistance change rate, R ₀ Is the initial resistance and epsilon is the fiber deformation amount (%).

The maximum draw ratio is: and stretching the tension sensing fiber, wherein the ratio of the maximum length capable of being stretched to the original length of the fiber is obtained. The greater the maximum draw ratio of the tension sensing fiber, the better the tensile properties of the tension sensing fiber.

One embodiment in this application is: further comprising prior to heat softening drawing of said tension sensing preform,

preparing a hollow hydrophobic layer preform,

and sleeving the tension sensing preform into the hydrophobic layer preform.

And (3) performing thermal softening and wire drawing after the tension sensing prefabricated rod is sleeved into the hydrophobic layer prefabricated rod to obtain the tension sensing fiber with the hydrophobic layer.

Another embodiment in this application is: and after the tension sensing preform is subjected to thermal softening and wire drawing, coating a hydrophobic coating on the tension sensing fiber to obtain the tension sensing fiber with the hydrophobic layer.

One embodiment in this application is: before the thermal softening and wire drawing of the tension sensing prefabricated rod, one or more than two conductive wires penetrate through the tension sensing prefabricated rod along the axial direction of the tension sensing prefabricated rod, so that the tension sensing fiber with the conductive core layer can be finally obtained.

In another embodiment of the present application, before the thermal softening and drawing of the tension sensing preform, a liquid electrode material is injected into the tension sensing preform, so that a tension sensing fiber with a conductive core layer can be obtained.

In another embodiment of the present application, after the thermal softening and drawing of the tension sensing preform, injecting a liquid electrode material into the tension sensing fiber, thereby obtaining the tension sensing fiber with the conductive core layer.

The tension sensing fiber with the hydrophobic layer and the conductive core layer can be obtained by combining the modes at will.

The application also provides a tension sensing yarn, including the yarn with tension sensing fibre, the yarn with tension sensing fibre is through the package twine or twist connection as an organic whole. The tension sensing yarn may have one or more yarns and one or more tension sensing fibers. The number of yarns in the tension sensing yarn and the number of tension sensing fibers can be determined according to actual needs.

In the application, the yarn is wound on the surface of the tension sensing fiber to form a core package structure, the tension sensing fiber is a core layer, and the yarn is a cladding layer. The yarn is of a core-spun yarn structure. By adopting the design, the comfort of the fabric made of the core spun yarn can be improved by carrying out yarn wrapping on the surface of the tension sensing fiber (the air permeability can reach 200-800 mm/s, and the moisture permeability can reach 200-600 g/(m) ² H), phabrOmeter fabric softness value<80)。

In the present application, the yarn is selected from one or more of synthetic chemical fiber, natural fiber, metal filament, metal yarn, carbonaceous material, conductive polymer, synthetic fiber coated with metal conductive material on the surface, and natural fiber coated with metal conductive material on the surface.

In the present application, the synthetic chemical fiber is selected from one or more of polyester staple fiber, spandex staple fiber, acrylic staple fiber, aramid staple fiber, polyamide staple fiber, acrylic staple fiber, polypropylene staple fiber, polyester staple fiber, nylon staple fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride staple fiber, and polytetrafluoroethylene staple fiber, preferably one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride staple fiber, polytetrafluoroethylene staple fiber, spandex staple fiber;

the natural fiber is selected from one or more than two of cashmere short fiber, flax short fiber and cotton short fiber, preferably flax short fiber or cotton short fiber;

the metal yarn is selected from one or more than two of copper wire, tungsten wire, nickel-chromium wire, stainless steel wire, platinum wire, molybdenum wire, stainless steel yarn, iron yarn, silver yarn and alloy wire thereof, and is preferably stainless steel yarn;

the carbonaceous material is selected from one or more than two of carbon nano tube, carbon black, carbon fiber, graphene and Mxene, and is preferably carbon fiber;

the conductive polymer is one or more than two selected from PEDOT PSS, polypyrrole and polyaniline, preferably PEDOT PSS;

the surface is coated with the metal conductive material synthetic fiber and is selected from one or more than two of polyester fiber, polyurethane fiber, acrylic fiber, polyamide fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride fiber, nylon fiber, aramid fiber, acrylic fiber and polyester fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, preferably polyurethane fiber or aramid fiber coated with silver;

the natural fiber coated with the metal conductive material on the surface is one or more than two of cotton, wool, flax and silk fiber coated with gold, silver, nickel and alloy thereof, preferably cotton, flax or silk fiber coated with silver.

The application provides a tension sensing yarn, including at least two tension sensing fibre, many tension sensing fibre twisting or winding connection are as an organic whole. With such a design, the twisting force and the pressing force can be measured, and more force sensing functions can be provided to the yarn itself.

The application provides a tension sensing fabric, comprising the tension sensing yarn and/or the tension sensing fiber.

The tension sensing fabric is obtained by weaving modes of the tension sensing yarns and/or the tension sensing fibers such as warp knitting, weft knitting and tatting, embroidery modes such as wrong stitch embroidery, disordered stitch embroidery, net embroidery, ground embroidery, lock silk, silk receiving, plain gold, shadow gold, plate gold, fleece laying, fleece scraping, yarn poking, yarn sprinkling, cotton picking and the like, knitting modes such as plain stitch, thread, double-reverse side and the like, and knitting modes such as block knot, plate long knot, lucky knot, chinese character Wan knot, chinese character Ba knot, plain knot, snake knot and the like.

The application provides a distributing type tension sensing fabric device, distributing type tension sensing fabric device includes modules such as tension sensing fabric, adc, power, bluetooth transmitter, microprocessor.

After the conductive core layer in the tension sensing fabric is connected to the analog-to-digital conversion module for analog-to-digital conversion, the microprocessor transmits data to the terminal equipment through the Bluetooth transmission module after data processing, wherein the power supply supplies power to the analog-to-digital converter, the Bluetooth transmission module and the microprocessor.

After the distributed tension sensing fabric device is subjected to tension, the transverse and longitudinal tension sensing yarns in the fabric deform, and the change of the resistance reflects the tension, so that the distributed tension sensing is realized.

In the present application, the longitudinal spacing of the tension sensing fibers in the distributed tension sensing fabric device is at least 10 μm, preferably 10 μm to 50cm, and the transverse spacing is at least 10 μm, preferably 10 μm to 50cm.

In the present application, the spatial accuracy of the distributed tension sensing fabric device is at least 0.01mm ^-2 Preferably 0.01mm ^-2 -2500cm ^-2 。

The space precision refers to the minimum sensing unit sensing area, the fiber distance is small according to the distribution density of the tension sensing fibers in the fabric, the larger the sensing point density is, the smaller the sensing space precision is, and the higher the sensing performance is, the pixels are.

Examples

The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods, unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 (graphene 5 wt%)

The method for preparing the electrodeless tension sensing fiber comprises the following specific operation steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparation of tension sensing composite master batch

(1) 99.5g of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) particles, 200mL of cyclohexane, and 0.5g of graphene were weighed out.

(2) Adding SEBS and cyclohexane into a beaker, mixing, placing on a magnetic stirrer, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃ and stirring until the particles are fully dissolved to obtain a uniform mixed solution of SEBS and cyclohexane.

(3) Adding graphene into the mixed solution, stirring by a magnetic stirrer, and placing in an ultrasonic device for ultrasonic dispersion for 15min to obtain a mixed solution of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), graphene and cyclohexane.

(4) The mixed solution was poured into a container of 20cm × 20cm × 2cm (length × width × height) folded with tin foil paper and dried. After air-drying in a fume hood for 24 hours, the dried product was placed in a forced air drying oven or a vacuum drying oven and dried at 70 ℃ for 48 hours.

(5) And (3) cutting the dried mixed sample into blocks with the length and width smaller than 8mm by using scissors, and putting the blocks into a drying oven for later use to obtain the tension sensing composite master batch, wherein the mass fraction of graphene in the tension sensing composite master batch is 0.5%.

Step two: the tension sensing composite master batch is used for preparing a tension sensing prefabricated rod (hot pressing method)

(1) A stainless steel semi-cylindrical mold groove with the size of phi 20mm multiplied by 100mm is prepared, and the groove is tightly wrapped by a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

(2) And putting the tension sensing composite master batch into a groove of a stainless steel mold, covering a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the upper part of the mold to prevent adhesion, covering a stainless steel plate, stably putting the mold into a hot press, and setting the temperature to be 180 ℃.

(3) Preheating the die for 5min under the pressure of 1MPa, and then pressurizing to 5MPa for hot pressing for 10min.

(4) And taking out the mold, continuously adding the tension sensing composite master batch, and repeating the steps until molding.

(5) And repeating all the steps to obtain two semi-cylindrical preforms, combining the two semi-cylindrical preforms into a complete cylindrical preform, wrapping and fixing the cylindrical preform by using a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and putting the cylindrical preform into a tube furnace for heat curing at 180 ℃ to obtain the tension sensing preform, wherein the preform is compact and uniform.

Step three: preparing tension sensing fiber by performing thermal softening and wire drawing on tension sensing preform

(1) And fixing the tension sensing prefabricated rod in a clamp of a drill floor, and radially punching a hole at the position of 3mm at the lower end of the prefabricated rod, wherein the diameter is 1.5mm and is determined according to the size of a drill bit.

(2) The prefabricated rod is fixed on a rod feeding device, a metal wire radially penetrates through the lower end of the prefabricated rod, and a 20g weight is fixed at the lower end of the metal wire.

(3) And opening the heating furnace, setting the temperature of the upper temperature zone to be 185 ℃, setting the temperature of the lower temperature zone to be 285 ℃, and setting the rod down at a fixed length when the temperature of the heating zone reaches the preset temperature.

(4) After the preform is heated and softened, the stub bar falls down and passes through a diameter measuring instrument, a traction shaft and a filament collecting device in sequence, the rod feeding speed is set to be 0.1mm/min, and the stable filament collecting speed is set to be 0.16m/min, so that the tension sensing fiber with the filament diameter of 500 microns is obtained.

Example 2 differs from example 1 in that MXene was used as the conductive material in example 2 instead of graphene in example 1, and the parameters are shown in table 1.

Embodiment 3 differs from embodiment 1 in that the conductive material in embodiment 3 employs graphene and MXene instead of graphene, where graphene: MXene =1:2.5, and the parameters are shown in a table 1.

Example 4 differs from example 1 in the content of SEBS and graphene, and the parameters are shown in table 1.

Example 5 differs from example 4 in that MXene was used as the conductive material in example 5 instead of graphene in example 4, with the parameters shown in table 1.

Embodiment 6 differs from embodiment 4 in that the conductive material in embodiment 6 employs graphene and MXene instead of graphene, where graphene: MXene =1:2.5, and the parameters are shown in a table 1.

Example 7 (graphene: MXene =1, 2.5,8wt%, hydrophobic layer being fluororesin)

Preparing tension sensing fiber without electrode and with hydrophobic layer of fluororesin, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

(1) 92g of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) particles, 200mL of cyclohexane, 2.29g of graphene and 5.71g of MXene were weighed.

(3) Adding graphene and MXene into the mixed solution, stirring by a magnetic stirrer, and placing in an ultrasonic device for ultrasonic dispersion for 15min to obtain a mixed solution of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), graphene, MXene and cyclohexane.

(5) And (3) cutting the dried mixed sample into blocks with the length and width smaller than 8mm by using scissors, and putting the blocks into a drying oven for later use to obtain the tension sensing composite master batch, wherein the total mass fraction of the graphene and the MXene in the tension sensing composite master batch is 8%.

(5) And repeating all the steps to obtain two semi-cylindrical preforms, combining the two semi-cylindrical preforms into a complete cylindrical preform, wrapping and fixing the two semi-cylindrical preforms by using a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and putting the preform into a tube furnace to set 180 ℃ for thermocuring to obtain a core rod of the tension sensing preform, wherein the core rod is uniform in compactness.

(6) A stainless steel square mold groove is prepared, the size of the stainless steel square mold groove is 25mm multiplied by 100mm, and the groove is tightly wrapped by a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

(7) Placing fluorine resin particles into a groove of a stainless steel mold, covering a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film on the upper part of the mold to prevent adhesion, covering a stainless steel plate, stably placing the mold into a hot press, and setting the temperature to be 160 ℃.

(8) Preheating the die for 5min under the pressure of 1MPa, and then pressurizing to 5MPa for hot pressing for 10min.

(9) And taking out the mold, continuously adding fluororesin particles, repeating the steps until the molding is finished to obtain a complete rectangular preform, and machining the preform into a hollow tube with the outer diameter of 24mm and the inner diameter of 20mm, namely a cladding of the tension sensing preform.

(10) And (4) wrapping and fixing the surface of the cladding sleeve of the prefabricated rod obtained in the step (9) outside the core rod of the tension sensing prefabricated rod obtained in the step (5) by using a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and placing the cladding sleeve of the prefabricated rod into a tube furnace to set 180 ℃ for thermocuring to obtain the tension sensing prefabricated rod.

Step three: thermal softening and wire drawing are carried out on the tension sensing preform to prepare the tension sensing fiber

(4) And after the preform is heated and softened, the stub bar falls down and sequentially passes through a diameter measuring instrument, a traction shaft and a filament collecting device, the rod feeding speed is set to be 0.1mm/min, and the stable filament collecting speed is set to be 0.16m/min, so that the anti-interference tension sensing fiber with the filament diameter of 500 mu m is obtained.

Example 8 is different from example 7 in that parylene is used as a material of the hydrophobic layer instead of fluororesin, and each parameter is shown in table 1.

Example 9 differs from example 7 in that polydimethylsiloxane was used as the material of the hydrophobic layer in place of the fluororesin, and the parameters are shown in table 1.

Example 10 (graphene: MXene =1, 2.5,8wt%; conductive core layer is stainless steel yarn)

The method comprises the following specific operation steps of preparing tension sensing fibers of a central stainless steel yarn electrode:

(1) The tension sensing prefabricated rod is fixed in a clamp of a drill floor, the center of the cross section of the prefabricated rod is perforated axially, meanwhile, the lower end of the prefabricated rod is perforated radially at the position of 3mm, the aperture is determined according to the size of a drill bit, and the diameter is 1.5mm.

(2) The prefabricated bar is fixed on a bar feeding device, a coil of stainless steel yarn with the diameter of about 50 mu m is fixed at the upper end of the prefabricated bar, a wire penetrates through the central hole of the prefabricated bar, a metal wire radially penetrates through the lower end of the prefabricated bar, and a weight of 20g is fixed at the lower end of the knotted metal wire and the lower end of the stainless steel wire head.

(4) And after the preform is heated and softened, the stub bar falls down and sequentially passes through a diameter measuring instrument, a traction shaft and a filament collecting device, the rod feeding speed is set to be 0.1mm/min, and the stable filament collecting speed is set to be 0.16m/min, so that the temperature interference resistant tension sensing fiber with the filament diameter of 500 microns is obtained.

Example 11 differs from example 10 in that gallium indium tin alloy was used instead of stainless steel yarn, the parameters of which are shown in table 1.

Example 12 differs from example 10 in that copper wire is used instead of stainless steel yarn, the parameters are given in table 1.

Example 13 (graphene: MXene =1, 2.5,8wt%, fluororesin for the hydrophobic layer, and bipolar copper wire for the conductive core layer)

The preparation method comprises the following specific operation steps of:

(4) The mixed solution was poured into a container of 20cm × 20cm × 2cm (length × width × height) folded with tin foil paper and dried. After air-drying in a fume hood for 24 hours, the dried product is placed in a forced air drying oven or a vacuum drying oven to dry at 70 ℃ for 48 hours.

(1) A stainless steel semi-cylindrical mold groove is prepared, the size of the groove is phi 20mm multiplied by 100mm, and the groove is tightly wrapped by a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

(5) And repeating all the steps to obtain two semi-cylindrical preforms, combining the two semi-cylindrical preforms into a complete cylindrical preform, wrapping and fixing the cylindrical preform by using a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and putting the cylindrical preform into a tube furnace for heat curing at 180 ℃ to obtain a pulling force sensing preform core rod, wherein the preform core rod is compact and uniform.

(9) And taking out the mold, continuously adding the fluororesin particles, repeating the steps until the molding is finished to obtain a complete rectangular preform, and mechanically processing the preform into a hollow tube with the outer diameter of 24mm and the inner diameter of 20mm, namely a coating of the tension sensing preform.

(10) And (4) wrapping and fixing the surface of the preform cladding sleeve obtained in the step (9) outside the pulling force sensing preform core rod obtained in the step (5) by using a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and putting the preform cladding sleeve into a tube furnace to be set at 180 ℃ for thermocuring to obtain the pulling force sensing preform.

(3) And (3) opening the heating furnace, setting the temperature of an upper temperature zone to be 185 ℃, setting the temperature of a lower temperature zone to be 285 ℃, and when the temperature of the heating zone reaches the preset temperature, fixing the length of the lower rod.

Example 14 differs from example 7 in that example 17 employs polyurethane instead of SEBS, with the parameters listed in table 1.

Comparative example 1 (graphene: MXene =1:6, 55wt%, hydrophobic layer was fluororesin)

(1) 45g of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) particles, 200mL of cyclohexane, 7.86g of graphene and 47.14g of MXene were measured.

(2) And adding SEBS and cyclohexane into a beaker, mixing, placing on a magnetic stirrer, heating in a water bath at the temperature of 80 ℃, and stirring until the particles are fully dissolved to obtain a uniform mixed solution of SEBS and cyclohexane.

(5) And (3) cutting the dried mixed sample into blocks with the length and width smaller than 8mm by using scissors, and putting the blocks into a drying oven for later use to obtain the tension sensing composite master batch, wherein the mass fraction of the graphene and the MXene is 55wt.%.

(5) And repeating all the steps to obtain two semi-cylindrical preforms, combining the two semi-cylindrical preforms into a complete cylindrical preform, wrapping and fixing the two semi-cylindrical preforms by using a heat-resistant adhesive tape, and putting the preform into a tube furnace to set 180 ℃ for thermocuring to obtain a pulling force sensing preform core rod, wherein the preform core rod is uniform in compactness.

(4) After the preform is heated and softened, the stub bar falls down, and passes through a diameter gauge, a traction shaft and a filament collecting device in sequence, the rod feeding speed is set to be 0.1mm/min, but the impurity doping amount ratio of the conductive material is too high, and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) has no fluidity, so that fibers cannot be formed by hot drawing of the preform.

Comparative example 2 (graphene: MXene =1, 9,8wt%, hydrophobic layer fluororesin)

(1) 92g of styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) particles, 200mL of cyclohexane, 0.80g of graphene and 7.20g of MXene are weighed.

(5) And (3) cutting the dried mixed sample into blocks with the length and width smaller than 8mm by using scissors, and putting the blocks into a drying oven for later use to obtain the tension sensing composite master batch, wherein the mass fraction of the graphene and the MXene is 8wt.%.

(4) After the preform is heated and softened, the stub bar falls down and sequentially passes through a diameter measuring instrument, a traction shaft and a filament collecting device, the rod feeding speed is set to be 0.1mm/min, and the stable filament collecting speed is set to be 0.16m/min, so that the tension sensing fiber with the filament diameter of 500 mu m has no temperature interference resistance.

Comparative example 3 is a tensile force sensing fiber Smart gloss Integrated with Tunable MWNTs/PDMS Fibers Made of a One-Step extrusion method for FingerD evaluation, gesture, and an elementary registration evaluation prepared by the institute of Bionics Engineering and Biomechanics (BEBC) Li Fei professor team of the institute of Bionics (BEBC) Li Fei of the university of transportation of Western Annhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c08114。

Table 1 shows the parameters of each example and comparative example

Application example

Please provide a specific detection method to detect the performance of each embodiment for comparison.

The specific test method of the pull sensitivity comprises the following steps: fixing two ends of the tension sensing fiber by using a numerical control electric translation table, connecting two ends of the tension sensing fiber with a Keithley2450 ammeter to test the resistance, testing the resistance of different deformation variables when the motor is stretched to a specific distance, and recording data fitting straight lines to obtain the tension sensitivity.

The specific test method of the humidity interference resistance index (humidity sensitivity) comprises the following steps: and connecting the two ends of the tension sensing fiber with Keithley2450 electric meters, testing the resistance in different humidity environments, and recording a data fitting curve to obtain the humidity sensitivity.

The specific test method of the temperature interference resistance index (tensile sensitivity) comprises the following steps: and connecting the two ends of the tension sensing fiber with Keithley2450 electric meters, testing the resistance in different temperature environments, and recording a data fitting curve to obtain the temperature sensitivity.

Table 2 shows the properties of the tensile force sensing fibers of the examples and comparative examples

And (3) knotting: as shown in Table 2, the temperature disturbance (0.01% C.) is reduced by mixing graphene and MXene at a ratio of 1:2 in example 3 as compared with examples 1-2 ^–1 ) (ii) a Compared with the examples 1 to 3, the examples 4 to 6 achieve a significant improvement in the tensile force sensitivity by adjusting the concentration of the conductive material to 8wt%, but the example 4,5 is more susceptible to temperature interference due to the improvement in the concentration of the conductive material, whereas the example 6 achieves the best temperature interference resistance by adjusting the ratio of graphene to MXene to 1 ^-3 ％℃ ^–1 ). Examples 7-9 compared to example 6,the best resistance to humidity interference (0.01%/% RH) was achieved with fluororesin, parylene, polydimethylsiloxane as the hydrophobic material, respectively. Examples 10-12 each used different electrode materials as the conductive core layer, and sensing was achieved by twisting the double wire, which did not have moisture interference resistance due to the absence of a hydrophobic layer. Example 13 sensing was performed with two 50 μm copper wires embedded in the tension sensing layer and a hydrophobic coating on the outside. In example 14, the effect was substantially the same as in example 7, except that the polymer material was changed to polyurethane.

While embodiments of the present application have been described above, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments and applications described above, which are intended to be illustrative, instructive, and not limiting. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The tension sensing fiber is characterized by comprising a tension sensing layer, wherein the tension sensing layer comprises a polymer material and a conductive material, the conductive material accounts for 8-15% of the tension sensing layer by mass percent, and the polymer material accounts for 85-92% of the tension sensing layer by mass percent;

the polymer material is a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer;

the conductive material is graphene and Mxene, and the mass ratio of the graphene to the Mxene is 1:2.5;

at least one conductive core layer is arranged in the tension sensing layer and comprises an electrode material, and the electrode material is selected from metal wires, metal yarns or liquid metal;

the preparation method of the tension sensing fiber comprises the following steps:

preparing a tension sensing composite master batch;

penetrating and punching along the axial direction at the center of the cross section of the tension sensing prefabricated rod, and penetrating one or more than two metal wires/metal yarns through the tension sensing prefabricated rod along the axial direction of the tension sensing prefabricated rod or injecting liquid metal into the tension sensing prefabricated rod;

and carrying out thermal softening and wire drawing on the tension sensing preform to prepare the tension sensing fiber.

2. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 1, wherein a hydrophobic layer is further disposed on the surface of the tension sensing layer, the hydrophobic layer comprises a hydrophobic polymer material, and the ratio of the thickness of the tension sensing layer to the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 1: (0.2-10).

3. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophobic polymer material is one or more selected from parylene, fluorocarbon wax, fluororesin, polydimethylsiloxane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane derivative, polyurethane derivative, polyimide derivative, polyvinyl chloride derivative, fluorinated polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, or polyester.

4. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 3, wherein the hydrophobic polymer material is polydimethylsiloxane, parylene, or fluororesin.

5. The tension sensing fiber of claim 1, wherein the conductive core layer has a diameter of 10 μm to 150 μm.

6. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 5, wherein the conductive core layer has a diameter of 10 μm to 50 μm.

7. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 1, wherein the metal wire is selected from copper wire, tungsten wire, nickel-chromium wire, stainless steel wire, platinum wire, molybdenum wire, gold wire, or silver wire;

the liquid metal is selected from gallium-indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy.

8. The tension sensing fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein when a plurality of conductive core layers are provided in the tension sensing layer, the plurality of conductive core layers are discretely provided in an axial direction of the tension sensing layer.

9. The tension sensing fiber of claim 8, wherein the cross-section of the tension sensing fiber is selected from at least one of triangular, rectangular, circular, polygonal, and irregular shapes.

10. The tension sensing fiber according to claim 8, wherein the tension sensing fiber has a diameter of 50 μm to 1000 μm;

the maximum draw ratio of the tension sensing fiber is 300-1000%.

11. The tension sensing fiber of claim 10, wherein the tension sensing fiber has a diameter of 500 μm.

12. A method of making a tension sensing fiber according to any of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:

preparing tension sensing composite master batch;

13. The method of manufacturing according to claim 12, wherein the tension-sensing composite master batch is manufactured by a physical/chemical blending method.

14. The method of manufacturing the preform of claim 12, wherein the method of manufacturing the tension sensing preform is a hot press method.

15. The method of manufacturing according to claim 12, further comprising, before the heat softening drawing of the tension sensing preform,

preparing a hollow hydrophobic layer preform,

and sleeving the tension sensing preform into the hydrophobic layer preform.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the tension sensing preform is drawn by thermal softening after being nested into the hydrophobic layer preform, thereby obtaining the tension sensing fiber with the hydrophobic layer.

17. A tension sensing yarn comprising a yarn and the tension sensing fiber of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the yarn is wound around the surface of the tension sensing fiber to form a core-spun structure, the tension sensing fiber is a core layer, and the yarn is a cladding layer.

18. A tension sensing yarn comprising at least two tension sensing fibers as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a plurality of the tension sensing fibers are twisted or intertwined and connected as a single body.

19. A tension sensing fabric comprising a tension sensing yarn according to claim 17 and/or a tension sensing fibre according to any one of claims 1 to 11.