CN111220085A - Tunnel large deformation measurement method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data - Google Patents
Tunnel large deformation measurement method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data Download PDFInfo
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- CN111220085A CN111220085A CN202010034286.0A CN202010034286A CN111220085A CN 111220085 A CN111220085 A CN 111220085A CN 202010034286 A CN202010034286 A CN 202010034286A CN 111220085 A CN111220085 A CN 111220085A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel large deformation measurement method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a reference surface F of a monitoring section through a tunnel plan; vertically projecting the point cloud data with the distance from the reference surface F smaller than the threshold value d to the reference surface F to obtain the projection of the point cloud data on the monitoring section; connecting the projections of the point cloud data in sequence to obtain an actually measured section of the monitored section; step two: obtaining a standard section of a monitored section through a tunnel design drawing, and unifying an actually measured section and the standard section into the same coordinate system through a base point to form a comparison drawing; step three: and establishing a corresponding relation between the standard measuring point of the standard section and the actual measuring point of the actual measuring section by using a line measuring method. The method is based on three-dimensional laser point cloud data, converts the three-dimensional point cloud data into two-dimensional measured section data by extracting a section, and establishes a corresponding relation between any point on a standard design section of the tunnel and the two-dimensional measured section by a line measurement method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel monitoring and measuring, and particularly relates to a tunnel large deformation measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data, which can quickly complete monitoring and measuring of tunnel horizontal convergence and vault settlement.
Background
The tunnel deformation refers to tunnel deformation caused by comprehensive influences on the tunnel caused by ground or peripheral building loads, soil disturbance, tunnel peripheral engineering construction, tunnel engineering structure construction and the like. The main purpose of deformation monitoring is to obtain the relative change of the object in different time periods, and the larger the change is, the larger the deformation is. The traditional tunnel deformation measuring technology adopts a contact measuring method, so that the measuring efficiency is low and the construction interference is large. The stability of authenticity and precision cannot be guaranteed due to manual reading of data, and the measured data lack authority as a basis for design change. And the traditional level, total station, convergence gauge and the like all adopt a single-point data acquisition mode. Although the monitoring precision is higher, a specific device needs to be placed at the position to be measured, the measuring workload is large, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low. And the measurement difficulty is higher in the region with complex terrain, and the safety of personnel can not be ensured. The photogrammetry method acquires image data of an area, and although the data volume is large, the accuracy is low. In contrast, when the three-dimensional laser scanner is adopted for data acquisition, a specific measuring device is not required to be placed at a measured position, and a point-to-surface data acquisition mode is realized. The defects of low speed, high manpower requirement and the like in the traditional data acquisition method are overcome, and the method has the advantages of high measurement speed, low manpower requirement, high reliability and the like. The three-dimensional laser scanning technology changes the traditional single-point deformation observation mode, and converts the traditional point measurement into the shape measurement. And can scan the place that survey crew can not directly reach and work, it is fast to have the operation cycle for traditional data acquisition method, easy to operate, measures advantages such as coverage wide, is that the quick acquisition is surveyed body data more is effective way.
Compared with the common tunnel deformation measurement technology, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology has the outstanding advantages and can directly acquire the three-dimensional coordinates of the surface of the scanned target object. The method has the main advantages that the high-precision measurement of the non-cooperative target is realized, the data is automatically and wirelessly transmitted, the surface space information of the whole observed object can be obtained in a point cloud mode, the deformation condition of the building engineering can be obtained through the analysis of point cloud data, the deformation analysis method is greatly improved, and the traditional fixed single-point analysis is expanded into the integral analysis. Therefore, deformation information of the construction engineering can be acquired better. Therefore, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology plays a very important role in deformation monitoring of large-scale engineering.
General deformation measurement techniques based on three-dimensional laser scanning are divided into two types: comparing with a design value and comparing point cloud data of two periods to perform deformation analysis. The laser point cloud data is compared with the measurement result of the total station to determine that the laser point cloud data is a more effective and reliable deformation monitoring means. However, the above deformation analysis method can only reflect the deformation result of the whole tunnel, and it is difficult to reflect the deformation history of the key control point of tunnel deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel large deformation measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data, which realizes rapid measurement and analysis of the deformation convergence condition of a large deformation tunnel.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
a tunnel large deformation measurement method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a tunnel center line L ' through a tunnel design plan, finding a corresponding point P ' of a corresponding mileage of a monitoring section on the L ', making a vertical line V ' of the L ' through the point P ', and obtaining a reference plane F of the monitoring section through a vertical plane of the V '; vertically projecting the point cloud data with the distance from the reference surface F smaller than the threshold value d to the reference surface F to obtain the projection of the point cloud data on the monitoring section; connecting the projections of the point cloud data in sequence to obtain an actually measured section of the monitored section;
step two: obtaining a standard section of a monitored section through a tunnel design drawing, and unifying an actually measured section and the standard section into the same coordinate system through a base point to form a comparison drawing;
step three: establishing a corresponding relation between a standard measuring point of a standard section and an actually measured measuring point of an actually measured section by using a line measuring method; the line measurement method comprises a horizontal line measurement method and a vertical line measurement method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a horizontal line method comprising:
setting a horizontal convergence measuring line at the horizontal convergence measuring point, wherein the intersection point of the horizontal convergence measuring line and the standard section is a standard measuring point, and the connecting line of the standard measuring points at the two sides is a standard measuring line H; a straight line which is perpendicular to the standard section is led from the standard measuring point to intersect with the actually measured section, the intersection point is the actually measured measuring point, and the connecting line of the actually measured measuring points at the two sides is an actually measured measuring line H';
the length difference between the standard measuring line and the horizontal measuring line is the accumulated value C at the horizontal convergence measuring point, namely C is H' -H;
cumulative value C of two-phase point cloud data1And C2The difference is the tunnel horizontal convergence value Hc in the two-phase point cloud data measurement time interval, i.e. Hc is equal to C1-C2；
The ratio of the horizontal convergence value Hc to the time interval t measured by the two-stage point cloud data is a horizontal convergence speed V, namely V is Hc/t; a vertical metrology method comprising:
setting a vertical settlement measuring line at the vault settlement measuring point, wherein the intersection point of the vertical settlement measuring line and the standard section is a standard measuring point p, and the elevation of the measuring point p is Hp(ii) a A vertical line vertical to the standard section is led through the standard measuring point p, the intersection point of the vertical line and the measured section is a measured measuring point p ', and the elevation of the measured measuring point p' is Hp'；
The height difference between the measured point and the standard measured point is the accumulated value S of the vault settlement measured point, namely S is Hp'-Hp；
Cumulative value S of two-phase point cloud data1And S2The difference is the arch crown settlement value V ═ S in the two-phase point cloud data measuring time interval1-
S2。
The method is based on three-dimensional laser point cloud data, converts the three-dimensional point cloud data into two-dimensional measured section data by extracting a section, and establishes a corresponding relation between any point on a standard design section of the tunnel and the two-dimensional measured section by a line measurement method. The method can monitor the deformation development condition of any key point on the section of the tunnel, collect multi-period point cloud data, draw a time course curve, master the deformation process of key control points (such as vault, arch springing, side wall and the like) of tunnel deformation, and further analyze the deformation trend and deformation characteristics of the whole tunnel. The method can be used for mastering the safety state of the tunnel structure and predicting the safety risk of the tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of projection of tunnel point cloud data in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal line method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the vertical line measurement method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The method comprises the following steps: and acquiring the geometric information of a tunnel central line L 'through a tunnel plan in a tunnel design drawing, wherein the tunnel central line L' is the projection of the tunnel central line on a horizontal plane. Through the corresponding mileage of the monitored section, a corresponding point P ' on the L ' is found, the passing point P ' is taken as a perpendicular line V ' of the L ', and a perpendicular plane (a plane passing through the line V ' and perpendicular to the ground plane) passing through the point P ' is a reference plane of the monitored section and is set as a plane F. Regarding the point cloud with the distance from the distance surface F smaller than the threshold value d, regarding the point cloud as belonging to the monitoring section, and vertically projecting the point cloud data to a reference surface F to obtain the projection of the point cloud data on the monitoring section; and connecting the point cloud projections according to a specified sequence (generally taking the counterclockwise direction as the positive direction), and obtaining the actual measurement section of the two-dimensional tunnel. See in particular fig. 1.
Step two: the standard section information of the tunnel at the monitored section can be obtained through a design drawing, and the actually measured section and the standard section are unified into the same coordinate system through a base point (the base point is the intersection point of the tunnel central line and the tunnel monitoring section in a three-dimensional space) to form a comparison graph. Step three: and (3) establishing a corresponding relation between a control point on the standard section and an actually measured section point by using a line measurement method, monitoring the point cloud data change condition at the control point, and analyzing the deformation trend of the tunnel structure so as to master the overall deformation and the safety state of the tunnel.
The line measurement method is divided into a horizontal line measurement method and a vertical line measurement method, and is respectively used for measuring horizontal convergence and vault settlement of the tunnel. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. horizontal line method, refer to fig. 2:
setting a horizontal convergence measuring line at the horizontal convergence measuring point, wherein the intersection point of the measuring line and the standard (design) section is called a standard measuring point, and a connecting line of the measuring points marked on the two sides is called a standard measuring line and is set as H;
a vertical line perpendicular to the standard section is led to intersect with the actual measurement section at the standard measurement point, the intersection point is the actual measurement point, and a connecting line of the actual measurement points at the two sides is called as an actual measurement line and is set as H';
the length difference between the standard survey line and the horizontal survey line is the cumulative value of horizontal convergence at the survey point, and if C is set, C is H' -H;
the difference of the accumulated values of the point cloud data of two phases, that is, the horizontal convergence of the tunnel in the measurement time interval of the point cloud data of two phases is set as Hc, and then Hc is equal to C1-C2；
The ratio of the horizontal convergence value Hc to the monitor time t is the horizontal convergence rate, and V is Hc/t.
2. Vertical line method, see fig. 3:
setting a vertical settlement survey line at the vault settlement survey point, the intersection point of the survey line and the standard (design) section as a standard survey point, setting p as p, and the elevation of p as Hp；
Passing the vertical line perpendicular to the standard section, passing the standard measuring point, setting the intersection point of the measured measuring point and the measured section as the measured measuring point p', and setting the elevation as Hp'；
The height difference between the measured point and the standard point is the accumulated value S of the tunnel vault settlement, and S is Hp'-Hp；
Cumulative value of vault crown settlement twice in succession (S)1，S2) The difference value is the arch top settlement value V ═ S in the monitoring period1-S2。
By the method, the corresponding relation between the control monitoring point on the standard section and the actually measured section point cloud data can be established, and further single-point and long-term monitoring of the deformation condition of the control point can be realized.
Claims (1)
1. A tunnel large deformation measurement method based on three-dimensional laser scanning point cloud data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a tunnel center line L ' through a tunnel design plan, finding a corresponding point P ' of a corresponding mileage of a monitoring section on the L ', making a vertical line V ' of the L ' through the point P ', and obtaining a reference plane F of the monitoring section through a vertical plane of the V '; vertically projecting the point cloud data with the distance from the reference surface F smaller than the threshold value d to the reference surface F to obtain the projection of the point cloud data on the monitoring section; connecting the projections of the point cloud data in sequence to obtain an actually measured section of the monitored section;
step two: obtaining a standard section of a monitored section through a tunnel design drawing, and unifying an actually measured section and the standard section into the same coordinate system through a base point to form a comparison drawing;
step three: establishing a corresponding relation between a standard measuring point of a standard section and an actually measured measuring point of an actually measured section by using a line measuring method; the line measurement method comprises a horizontal line measurement method and a vertical line measurement method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a horizontal line method comprising:
setting a horizontal convergence measuring line at the horizontal convergence measuring point, wherein the intersection point of the horizontal convergence measuring line and the standard section is a standard measuring point, and the connecting line of the standard measuring points at the two sides is a standard measuring line H; a straight line which is perpendicular to the standard section is led from the standard measuring point to intersect with the actually measured section, the intersection point is the actually measured measuring point, and the connecting line of the actually measured measuring points at the two sides is an actually measured measuring line H';
the length difference between the standard measuring line and the horizontal measuring line is the accumulated value C at the horizontal convergence measuring point, namely C is H' -H;
cumulative value C of two-phase point cloud data1And C2The difference is the tunnel horizontal convergence value Hc in the two-phase point cloud data measurement time interval, i.e. Hc is equal to C1-C2；
The ratio of the horizontal convergence value Hc to the time interval t measured by the two-stage point cloud data is a horizontal convergence speed V, namely V is Hc/t;
a vertical metrology method comprising:
setting a vertical settlement measuring line at the vault settlement measuring point, wherein the intersection point of the vertical settlement measuring line and the standard section is a standard measuring point p, and the elevation of the measuring point p is Hp(ii) a A vertical line vertical to the standard section is led through the standard measuring point p, the intersection point of the vertical line and the measured section is a measured measuring point p ', and the elevation of the measured measuring point p' is Hp'；
The height difference between the measured measuring point and the standard measuring point is the vault settlement measuring pointS, i.e. S ═ Hp'-Hp；
Cumulative value S of two-phase point cloud data1And S2The difference is the arch crown settlement value in the two-phase point cloud data measuring time interval
V＝S1-S2。
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Cited By (1)
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