CN111219196B

CN111219196B - Functional structure for tunnel portal

Info

Publication number: CN111219196B
Application number: CN202010109925.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐祖阳; 陈林; 李永兴; 崔栓栓; 唐健
Original assignee: CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co
Current assignee: CCCC Second Harbor Engineering Co
Priority date: 2020-02-23
Filing date: 2020-02-23
Publication date: 2021-08-31
Anticipated expiration: 2040-02-23
Also published as: CN111219196A

Abstract

The invention provides a functional structure for a tunnel portal, wherein a panel structure is arranged at the portal section of a tunnel, a panel layer of the panel structure coats the outer wall of the portal section, a cavity structure is formed between the panel layer and the concrete lining surface of the portal section, and the cavity structure is communicated with an inner portal section. A plurality of longitudinal pipes along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are fixedly arranged on the surface of the concrete lining, and annular pipes are arranged between the longitudinal pipes; an overflowing gap is arranged between the annular pipe and the concrete lining surface; and panel layers are fixedly arranged on the longitudinal pipe and the circumferential pipe. Through the structure that adopts vertical pipe, hoop pipe and panel layer, can form one deck cavity structure on the concrete lining surface, this cavity structure can avoid the concrete lining surface by wind straight blow to can utilize cavity structure to form the temperature buffering, thereby reduce the temperature gradient change of concrete lining structure, protect the concrete lining surface.

Description

Functional structure for tunnel portal

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of railway and highway tunnel construction, in particular to a functional structure with heat preservation, prompting, vision adjustment and decoration functions for a tunnel portal.

Background

With the development of the expressway, the expressway begins to extend to northern severe cold areas, tunnel engineering in the severe cold areas begins to increase year by year, and tunnel heat preservation is the central importance of tunnel construction in the northern severe cold areas. The temperature difference changes greatly day and night, so that cracks are easy to appear on the surface of the concrete lining of the tunnel portal, potential safety hazards are caused, and the appearance is not attractive. In the tunnel engineering of the alpine region, the power supply is difficult, and in the process of coming out of the tunnel, a driver is easy to have a 'sudden blind' phenomenon due to the rapid change of light inside and outside the tunnel, so that safety accidents are easy to happen. Chinese patent document CN206429255U describes a cold region tunnel entrance section heat preservation and freeze prevention system, which increases the temperature of the tunnel by arranging a heating cable, and only opens in winter or opens in winter time limit, so as to ensure that rock water seepage around the tunnel is not frozen, thereby reducing the tunnel maintenance cost in the operation period and ensuring the operation safety. But the scheme is not suitable for areas with difficult power supply and has higher construction and operation cost. CN205013018U has recorded a severe cold district tunnel entrance to a cave section waterproof heat preservation layer construction structures, has adopted the mechanism of geotechnological cloth, waterproof board, heated board and support, realizes the heat preservation of concrete, but this scheme construction process is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and the efficiency of construction is low, and is with high costs. CN209799991U has recorded a novel cold-proof door heat preservation system in cold district tunnel entrance to a cave, adjusts the temperature through the energy that photovoltaic square matrix electricity generation group provided to adjust the interior temperature of tunnel, reach the heat preservation effect. However, in practical application, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is low, generally only 8% -11%, the currently known data in a laboratory is only 17%, the power generation efficiency is low, and to realize the degree of adjusting the temperature in the tunnel, a great number of photovoltaic square matrix power generation sets are needed, so that the construction cost is too high, and the photovoltaic square matrix power generation set is not practical.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a functional structure for a tunnel portal, which can simplify the heat insulation structure of the tunnel portal on the basis of realizing the heat insulation and crack resistance functions and is convenient to construct and install. Further preferably, the effects of heat preservation and temperature balance can be further improved, the driver can be prompted to arrive at the exit of the tunnel on the basis of no energy consumption and even low energy consumption, and the contraction of the pupils of the eyes of the driver can be assisted and stimulated, so that the driver can adapt to the brightness outside the exit.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a be used for tunnel entrance to a cave functional structure, is equipped with panel structure at the entrance to a cave section in tunnel, panel layer of panel structure with the outer wall cladding of entrance to a cavity structure is formed between the concrete lining surface of panel layer and entrance to a cave section, cavity structure and interior entrance to a cave intercommunication.

In a preferred scheme, a plurality of longitudinal pipes along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are fixedly arranged on the surface of the concrete lining, and annular pipes are arranged between the longitudinal pipes;

an overflowing gap is arranged between the annular pipe and the concrete lining surface;

and panel layers are fixedly arranged on the longitudinal pipe and the circumferential pipe.

In the preferred scheme, the longitudinal pipe is fixedly connected with fixed angle steel, and the fixed angle steel is connected with the surface of the concrete lining through an expansion bolt;

the annular pipe is fixedly connected with fixed angle steel, and the fixed angle steel is connected with the surface of the concrete lining through an expansion bolt; the thickness of the annular pipe is smaller than that of the longitudinal pipe, and one surface, connected with the panel layer, of the annular pipe is flush with the longitudinal pipe, so that an overflowing gap is reserved between the annular pipe and the surface of the concrete lining;

an air blower is further arranged at the end of the panel structure close to the inner hole section, and air is blown into the cavity structure through the air blower to achieve accelerated air convection;

the annular pipe is connected with the longitudinal pipe in a welding mode.

In a preferred scheme, the panel layer is an aluminum plastic panel, a decorative plastic panel or a metal plate.

In the preferred scheme, a solar heat pipe is arranged in a panel structure at the top of the outer side of the hole section and is communicated with a heat exchange water storage tank positioned in the inner hole section through a circulating pipeline;

the heat exchange water storage tank is communicated with one or more groups of pipelines in the longitudinal pipe and the annular pipe of the panel structure.

In the preferred scheme, the outer wall of the heat exchange water storage tank is also provided with heat exchange fins to exchange heat with the air in the inner hole section.

In the preferred scheme, the heat exchange water storage tank is also communicated with a fan cooling jacket so as to exchange heat through cooling water in the fan cooling jacket.

In the preferred scheme, the heat exchange water storage tank is communicated with the fan cooling jacket through a two-way pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on at least one pipeline and is powered by a storage battery or a solar panel;

at least one of the heat exchange water storage tank and the fan cooling jacket is provided with a temperature sensor;

so as to switch the on-off state of the electromagnetic valve according to the temperature.

In the preferred scheme, a plurality of reflective rings which are continuously arranged are arranged at the positions of the tunnel entrance section and the inner tunnel section of the tunnel, which are close to the tunnel entrance, the reflective rings are of an annular structure, one surface far away from the tunnel entrance is provided with a reflective surface which is approximately vertical to the axis of the tunnel, and the reflective surface is provided with reflective paint, a reflective film or a reflective coating.

In the preferred scheme, a solar panel is arranged at the top of the outer side of the opening section and is electrically connected with the LED lamp strip through a circuit;

the LED lamp strip is positioned on one side of the reflecting ring, which is far away from the hole, so that the light of the LED lamp strip can be directly emitted or reflected to the eyes of a driver;

the LED lamp strip is characterized by also comprising a sensor for controlling the opening and closing of the LED lamp strip, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a vibration sensor, a sound sensor, an infrared sensor and a photoelectric sensor.

According to the functional structure for the tunnel portal, the structure of the longitudinal pipe, the circumferential pipe and the panel layer is adopted, so that a layer of cavity structure can be formed on the surface of the concrete lining, the cavity structure can prevent the surface of the concrete lining from being directly blown by wind, and temperature buffering can be formed by utilizing the cavity structure, so that the temperature gradient change of the concrete lining structure is reduced, and the surface of the concrete lining is protected. The inventor finds that the temperature difference between the inner hole section and the hole opening section of the tunnel can reach more than 20 ℃, and the cavity structure is communicated with the inner hole section, so that the air flow with higher temperature of the inner hole section can be introduced into the cavity structure, and the effect of temperature rise protection is achieved. Further preferred, through setting up the solar thermal energy pipe at the entrance to a cave section, can be daytime through solar energy with the heating of liquid medium to store in the heat transfer storage water tank that is located the interior entrance to a cave section, then can reduce the temperature change speed of concrete lining structure through the liquid medium in the heat transfer storage water tank at night, thereby reach the effect of protection entrance to a cave section concrete lining structure. Furthermore, the heat exchange water storage tank is connected with the fan cooling jacket, so that the cooling effect of the fan and the heat preservation effect of the concrete lining structure can be further improved. The setting reflective ring can remind the driver to reach the entrance to a cave, pays attention to safety, and the pupil constriction of the eyes of the driver can be further stimulated by matching the LED lamp strip, so that the driver can adapt to the strong light rays outside the entrance to a cave, and the safety is improved. The panel layer of the panel structure of the invention also has higher decorative effect.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an opening section of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of the panel structure of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial elevation structure diagram of the panel structure of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a longitudinal pipe installation structure of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a preferred version of the overall structure of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the components for heat preservation by liquid medium according to the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the reflector and the LED strip according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel with a reflector disposed therein according to the present invention.

In the figure: the solar heat-exchange water-cooling solar energy heat-collecting device comprises a hole section 1, a panel structure 2, a panel layer 21, a longitudinal pipe 22, a circumferential pipe 23, fixed angle steel 24, an overflowing gap 25, an expansion bolt 26, inner hole section air inlet 27, a self-tapping screw 28, a solar cell panel 3, an inner hole section 4, a pipeline 5, a solar heat pipe 6, a heat-exchange water storage tank 7, a fan cooling jacket 8, an electromagnetic valve 9, a reflection ring 10, an LED lamp strip 11 and a temperature sensor 12.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 5, in a functional structure for a tunnel portal, a panel structure 2 is arranged at a portal section 1 of a tunnel, a panel layer 21 of the panel structure 2 covers the outer wall of the portal section 1, and a cavity structure is formed between the panel layer 21 and the concrete lining surface of the portal section 1 and is communicated with an inner portal section 4. From this structure, cavity structure realizes heat retaining effect, avoids cold air direct blowing concrete to avoid the temperature gradient on concrete surface to change too sharply, the concrete that leads to produces the crack because of expend with heat and contract with cold is inhomogeneous. The air flow with the higher temperature of the inner hole section 4 is directly blown into the cavity structure, so that the temperature in the cavity structure is higher than the ambient temperature, and the effect of heat preservation of the concrete lining structure is achieved.

In a preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a plurality of longitudinal pipes 22 along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are fixedly arranged on the surface of the concrete lining, and annular pipes 23 are arranged between the longitudinal pipes 22;

an overflowing gap 25 is arranged between the annular pipe 23 and the concrete lining surface; with this arrangement, air from the inner bore section 4 can enter the cavity structure.

And a panel layer 21 is fixedly arranged on the longitudinal pipe 22 and the circumferential pipe 23. As shown in fig. 2, the panel layer 21 is a multi-piece spliced structure, and the panel layer 21 is fixedly connected with the longitudinal pipe 22 and the circumferential pipe 23 by self-tapping screws 28.

The preferable scheme is as shown in fig. 1-5, the longitudinal pipe 22 is fixedly connected with one edge of the fixed angle steel 24, in this case, the connection is realized by welding, and the connection is also feasible by adopting bolts or self-tapping screws; the other side of the fixed angle steel 24 is connected with the concrete lining surface through an expansion bolt 26;

the annular pipe 23 is fixedly connected with one side of the fixed angle steel 24, and the other side of the fixed angle steel 24 is connected with the surface of the concrete lining through an expansion bolt 26; the thickness of the annular pipe 23 is smaller than that of the longitudinal pipe 22, and the surface, connected with the panel layer 21, of the annular pipe 23 is flush with the longitudinal pipe 22, so that an overflowing gap 25 is reserved between the annular pipe 23 and the concrete lining surface; in this example, a 50X 50mm square steel pipe is used for the longitudinal pipe 22, and a 25X 50mm square steel pipe is used for the circumferential pipe 23. The fixed angle steel 24 is L50, 50 wide and 5mm thick.

The circumferential tube 23 is welded to the longitudinal tube 22. By the scheme, the cavity structure coated on the outer wall of the opening section 1 is realized. The outer wall of the opening section 1 in this example comprises an inner wall located inside the tunnel, an outer wall located outside the tunnel, and an end side wall located at the end of the opening section 1. That is, in this example, the higher temperature air flow in the inner cavity section 4 can reach the end side wall of the cavity section 1 and the outer wall outside the tunnel through the cavity structure, thereby achieving a higher heat preservation effect. Especially, the technical effect of reducing the temperature gradient change grade difference of the tunnel concrete entrance section 1 is achieved, and cracks of the concrete lining structure are avoided. The air flow between the cavity structure and the inner bore section 4 is achieved by natural convection. In the preferred scheme, an air blower is further arranged at the end of the panel structure 2 close to the inner hole section 4, and air is blown into the cavity structure through the air blower to accelerate air convection. The blower is usually placed at the top of the tunnel and convection is achieved by top-in and bottom-out.

In a preferred embodiment, the panel layer 21 is an aluminum plastic panel, a decorative plastic panel or a metal panel. In this example, the thickness of the aluminum-plastic plate is preferably 6mm, the inner wall of the opening section 1 is silver gray aluminum-plastic plate with high strength, high yield resistance and fire resistance, and the outer wall is dark aluminum-plastic plate. According to the scheme, the mounting structure is greatly simplified, and the mounting efficiency is improved.

Example 2:

on the basis of the embodiment 1, in the preferable scheme as shown in fig. 6 and 7, a solar heat pipe 6 is arranged in the panel structure 2 at the top of the outer side of the hole section 1, and the solar heat pipe 6 is communicated with a heat exchange water storage tank 7 positioned in the inner hole section 4 through a circulating pipeline; the solar cell panel has low energy conversion efficiency, but the solar heat pipe 6 has extremely high efficiency of collecting solar heat, and data shows that the efficiency can reach more than 85%. In this example, the liquid medium in the solar heat pipe 6 and the heat exchange water storage tank 7 is preferably antifreeze. The solar heat pipe 6 is a commercially available solar heat pipe 6.

The heat exchange water storage tank 7 is communicated with one or more groups of pipelines 5 in the longitudinal pipes 22 and the circumferential pipes 23 of the panel structure 2. The heat collected during the day can be stored in the heat exchange water storage tank 7 by exchanging it with the heat exchange water storage tank 7 by means of the solar heat pipes 6, while the heat is returned to the panel structure 2 by convection exchange in the longitudinal pipes 22 or the circumferential pipes 23 at night. The convection exchange in this example may be natural convection or may be driven by a small pump.

In a preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 7, the outer wall of the heat exchange water storage tank 7 is further provided with heat exchange fins to exchange heat with air in the inner hole section 4.

In a preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 7, the heat exchange water storage tank 7 is also communicated with a fan cooling jacket 8 so as to exchange heat through cooling water in the fan cooling jacket 8.

In a preferred scheme, as shown in fig. 7, a heat exchange water storage tank 7 is communicated with a fan cooling jacket 8 through a two-way pipeline, at least one pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve 9, and the electromagnetic valve 9 is powered by a storage battery or a solar panel 3;

at least one of the heat exchange water storage tank 7 and the fan cooling jacket 8 is provided with a temperature sensor 12;

to switch the on-off state of the solenoid valve 9 according to the temperature. With the structure, the temperature of the liquid medium in the heat exchange water storage tank 7 can be detected through the temperature sensor 12, and if the temperature of the liquid medium in the heat exchange water storage tank 7 is lower than a preset value or lower than the temperature in the fan cooling jacket 8, the electromagnetic valve 9 is opened to realize the convection of the liquid medium. If the temperature of the liquid medium in the heat exchange water storage tank 7 is higher than a preset value or higher than the temperature in the fan cooling jacket 8, the electromagnetic valve 9 is closed, so that convection between the heat exchange water storage tank 7 and the fan cooling jacket 8 is avoided. By adopting the scheme of liquid medium convection, the method can better cope with extreme weather with large day-night temperature difference change in mountainous areas, such as railways and road tunnels between Sichuan and Tibet, the area has high illumination intensity, large day-night temperature difference and large power supply difficulty, and is very suitable for the scheme of the invention.

Example 3:

on the basis of the

embodiments

1 and 2, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, a plurality of reflective rings 10 which are continuously arranged are arranged at the positions of the tunnel entrance section 1 and the inner tunnel section 4 close to the entrance, the reflective rings 10 are in an annular structure, a reflective surface which is approximately perpendicular to the tunnel axis is arranged on the surface far away from the entrance, and the reflective surface is provided with reflective paint, reflective film or reflective coating. With this structure, it is possible to alert the driver that the exit has been approached at a position close to the doorway section 1, taking care of safety. The reflective ring 10 in this example has folded fixing tabs on its outer edge, which are connected to the longitudinal pipes 22 or the circumferential pipes 23 by tapping screws 28. As far as possible in the position where the circumferential pipe 23 is provided. Further preferably, the reflective rings 10 are arranged more densely at positions closer to the hole, so as to further improve the prompting effect.

In the preferred scheme, a solar cell panel 3 is arranged at the top of the outer side of the hole section 1, and the solar cell panel 3 is electrically connected with the LED lamp strip 11 through a circuit;

the LED strip 11 is located on a side of the reflective ring 10 away from the opening, so that light of the LED strip 11 can be directed or reflected to the eyes of the driver. The LED lamp strip 11 that sets up can assist amazing driver's eyes, promotes driver's pupil and begins to shrink to can prepare for the luminance of answering the entrance to a cave position. Because only adopt partial LED lamp area 11, the solar cell panel 3 that sets up at 1 outside top in entrance to a cave section can satisfy LED lamp area 11's user demand. In this example, a set of LED strips 11 is set at a distance of 10 meters from a position 100 meters close to the opening of the hole, so as to allow time for the eyes to adapt to the light.

Preferably, a sensor for controlling the on and off of the LED strip 11 is further provided, and the sensor includes one or more of a vibration sensor, a sound sensor, an infrared sensor and a photoelectric sensor. Through detecting whether there is the mode that past vehicle opened and close LED lamp area 11, reduction energy consumption that can be further.

In this example, the solar panel 3, the servo circuit thereof, and the LED strip 11 are all commercially available products. The sensor for controlling the on and off of the LED strip 11 is a commercially available product, such as an energy-saving switch in a corridor.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A functional structure for a tunnel portal is characterized in that: the tunnel is characterized in that a panel structure (2) is arranged on the tunnel opening section (1), a panel layer (21) of the panel structure (2) covers the outer wall of the tunnel opening section (1), a cavity structure is formed between the panel layer (21) and the concrete lining surface of the tunnel opening section (1), and the cavity structure is communicated with the inner tunnel section (4);

a plurality of longitudinal pipes (22) along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel are fixedly arranged on the surface of the concrete lining, and annular pipes (23) are arranged between the longitudinal pipes (22);

the circumferential pipe (23) is connected with the longitudinal pipe (22) in a welding way;

an overflowing gap (25) is arranged between the annular pipe (23) and the concrete lining surface;

a panel layer (21) is fixedly arranged on the longitudinal pipe (22) and the circumferential pipe (23), and the panel layer (21) is an aluminum-plastic plate, a decorative plastic plate or a metal plate;

the longitudinal pipe (22) is fixedly connected with a fixed angle steel (24), and the fixed angle steel (24) is connected with the surface of the concrete lining through an expansion bolt (26);

the annular pipe (23) is fixedly connected with a fixed angle steel (24), and the fixed angle steel (24) is connected with the surface of the concrete lining through an expansion bolt (26); the thickness of the annular pipe (23) is smaller than that of the longitudinal pipe (22), and one side, connected with the panel layer (21), of the annular pipe (23) is flush with the longitudinal pipe (22), so that an overflowing gap (25) is reserved between the annular pipe (23) and the surface of the concrete lining;

an air blower is further arranged at the end of the panel structure (2) close to the inner hole section (4), and air is blown into the cavity structure through the air blower to accelerate air convection; a solar heat pipe (6) is arranged in the panel structure (2) at the top of the outer side of the opening section (1), and the solar heat pipe (6) is communicated with a heat exchange water storage tank (7) positioned in the inner opening section (4) through a circulating pipeline;

the heat exchange water storage tank (7) is communicated with one or more groups of pipelines (5) in the longitudinal pipe (22) and the circumferential pipe (23) of the panel structure (2).

2. A functional structure for a tunnel portal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer wall of the heat exchange water storage tank (7) is also provided with heat exchange fins to exchange heat with the air of the inner hole section (4).

3. A functional structure for a tunnel portal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat exchange water storage tank (7) is also communicated with a fan cooling jacket (8) so as to exchange heat through cooling water in the fan cooling jacket (8).

4. A functional structure for a tunnel portal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat exchange water storage tank (7) is communicated with the fan cooling jacket (8) through a two-way pipeline, at least one pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve (9), and the electromagnetic valve (9) is powered by a storage battery or a solar cell panel (3);

at least one of the heat exchange water storage tank (7) and the fan cooling jacket (8) is provided with a temperature sensor (12);

so as to switch the on-off state of the electromagnetic valve (9) according to the temperature.

5. A functional structure for a tunnel portal according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tunnel is characterized in that a plurality of reflective rings (10) which are continuously arranged are arranged at positions, close to the tunnel opening, of the tunnel opening section (1) and the inner tunnel section (4), the reflective rings (10) are of annular structures, a reflective surface which is approximately perpendicular to the axis of the tunnel is arranged on the surface, far away from the tunnel opening, of the reflective rings, and reflective paint, a reflective film or a reflective coating is arranged on the reflective surface.

6. A functional structure for a tunnel portal according to claim 5 wherein: the top of the outer side of the opening section (1) is provided with a solar panel (3), and the solar panel (3) is electrically connected with the LED lamp strip (11) through a circuit;

the LED lamp strip (11) is positioned on one side, away from the hole, of the reflection ring (10), so that light rays of the LED lamp strip (11) can be directly emitted or reflected to eyes of a driver.

7. A functional structure for a tunnel portal according to claim 6 wherein: the LED lamp strip is characterized by also comprising a sensor for controlling the opening and closing of the LED lamp strip (11), wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a vibration sensor, a sound sensor, an infrared sensor and a photoelectric sensor.