CN111217634A - Silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111217634A CN111217634A CN201811426284.5A CN201811426284A CN111217634A CN 111217634 A CN111217634 A CN 111217634A CN 201811426284 A CN201811426284 A CN 201811426284A CN 111217634 A CN111217634 A CN 111217634A
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of mineral fertilizers and discloses a silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer which comprises silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder, wherein the mineral fertilizer binder is prepared from corn seeds, the preparation method of the mineral fertilizer binder comprises the following steps of sequentially peeling, crushing, pulping and pasting the corn seeds, and in the pulping process, the mass ratio of corn flour obtained by crushing the corn seeds to water is (0.5-5): 100. the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer has high effective silicon index content, convenient regulation of the crushing strength, fast disintegration in water and high fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mineral fertilizers, and in particular relates to a silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Mineral fertilizers are generally water-insoluble fertilizers containing effective inorganic components such as silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium as nutrient elements, and are also classified as soil conditioners at home. Mineral fertilizer or soil conditioner (hereinafter collectively referred to as mineral fertilizer) raw powder is mostly prepared into spherical particles through a granulation process and applied to the market, so that the method is favorable for controlling dust pollution during packaging, storage and transportation and loss in the field outdoor fertilizer application process. The granulation binder used in the granulation process comprises clay minerals (containing kaolin, bentonite, montmorillonite and attapulgite powder), inorganic chemical raw materials such as water glass and magnesium sulfate, or organic chemical raw materials such as sodium polyacrylate, modified lignin and industrial saccharides.
The selection of the silicon-containing mineral fertilizer granulation binder at least simultaneously satisfies the following points on the premise of satisfying the crushing strength:
1) the cost of raw materials and the preparation process is low enough to improve the profit margin of the product;
2) the mixing proportion of the ineffective components is as low as possible so as to avoid diluting the effective components, particularly the effective silicon index;
3) the introduction of excessive harmful components, such as Na, Cl, Al and other elements which are obviously excessive for soil and crops, is avoided;
4) the product granule is easy to disintegrate in water, so as to facilitate the release of nutritional ingredients.
CN108017454A discloses a special environment-friendly fertilizer for vegetables and a preparation method thereof, the environment-friendly fertilizer comprises tea seeds, edible fungus chaff, montmorillonite, livestock and poultry manure, urea, potassium chloride, vermiculite, borax, amino acid microelement chelate, mint leaves, polyacrylamide, chitosan, humic acid, starch adhesive, fermentation composite bacteria and a deodorant, wherein additives such as acrylic acid, dodecyl mercaptan, sodium benzoate, sodium tetraborate and the like are added into the adopted starch adhesive, and the starch adhesive is subjected to gelatinization and radiation graft polymerization treatment, so that the process is complex and the cost is high.
CN1325836A discloses a granular compound fertilizer and a production method thereof, wherein a silicon potash fertilizer, a silicon calcium fertilizer and a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as carrier fertilizers, and polyacrylamide, super absorbent resin, carboxymethyl starch and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose are respectively used as granulation binders, and the data of the product such as crushing strength, effective silicon and disintegration effect are not disclosed.
CN105669298A discloses a disintegrable granular soil conditioner composition and a production method thereof, one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose which can absorb water and swell are used as a disintegrant, and the disintegration time limit is within 60min under the water-wet condition. The binder adopted by the method is bentonite and bentonite derivatives, and the indexes of the final product, such as effective silicon index, crushing strength and the like, are not disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that in the prior art, the mineral fertilizer binder has complex components and high preparation cost, when the mineral fertilizer binder is applied to a silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer, excessive ineffective components are introduced to greatly reduce the effective silicon index, and the technical contradiction exists between the crushing resistance strength and the disintegration rate index, and the like, and provides a silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. The silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer prepared by the method has high effective silicon index content, the crushing strength of the product is convenient to adjust, the product can be quickly disintegrated when meeting water, the high utilization ratio of the fertilizer efficiency can be ensured, and meanwhile, the binder in the method has the advantages of wide material source, low price, easy obtainment, no need of a complex modification process, simple operation and low cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a calcium silicon mineral fertilizer, comprising calcium silicon mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder, wherein the mineral fertilizer binder is prepared from corn seeds.
Preferably, the content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 99.5-95 wt% based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry base.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mineral fertilizer binder comprises the steps of sequentially peeling corn seeds, crushing, pulping and pasting, wherein in the pulping process, the mass ratio of corn flour obtained by crushing the corn seeds to water is (0.5-5): 100.
preferably, the temperature of the slurry in the pulping process is 20-60 ℃.
The gelatinization process comprises stirring the slurry for 3-5h at boiling temperature, and keeping the mass ratio of corn flour to water constant during gelatinization.
The invention provides a preparation method of a calcium-silicon mineral fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder with a mineral fertilizer binder to prepare a mixed material;
2) granulating the mixed material in the step 1) to obtain calcium silicon mineral particles;
3) drying the silicon-calcium mineral particles in the step 2) to obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
The third aspect of the invention provides the application of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer in fertilizers.
Through the technical scheme, the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer prepared by the invention has high effective silicon index content, the crushing strength of the product is convenient to adjust, the product can be quickly disintegrated when meeting water, the high utilization rate of the fertilizer efficiency can be ensured, and meanwhile, the method has the advantages of simple operation process and low cost.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The invention provides a silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer, which comprises silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder, wherein the mineral fertilizer binder is prepared from corn seeds.
In the present invention, the corn seeds are not particularly limited, and may be various corn seeds sold in supermarkets.
According to the invention, in order to overcome the defects that the mineral fertilizer binder has complex components, high preparation cost and high content of ineffective components in the prior art, and when the mineral fertilizer binder is applied to the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer, the content of effective silicon indexes is low, excessive ineffective components are introduced, and the obtained silicon-calcium mineral particles are not easy to disintegrate, the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer can simultaneously realize qualified crushing strength, higher disintegration rate and sufficiently low effective silicon index dilution rate under the condition that only silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and the mineral fertilizer binder are contained.
According to the invention, in order to simultaneously obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer with the highest possible effective silicon index, qualified crushing strength and disintegration rate, the content of the raw powder of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer is preferably 99.5-95 wt%, more preferably 99-97 wt% based on the total weight of the dry silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the mineral fertilizer binder comprises the steps of sequentially peeling corn seeds, crushing, pulping and pasting, wherein in the pulping process, the mass ratio of corn flour obtained by crushing the corn seeds to water is (0.5-5): 100, in order to improve the crushing strength of the prepared calcium silicon mineral fertilizer, the mass ratio of corn flour obtained by crushing corn seeds to water is more preferably (2-5): 100.
according to the invention, peeling corn seeds is beneficial to improving the bonding performance of the mineral fertilizer binder prepared by the method, mainly because the skin component of the corn seeds is mainly cellulose and is harmful to improving the viscosity of starch slurry, the semi-transparent skins on the surface layers of the corn seeds are peeled by a corn peeling machine, and meanwhile, tissues such as corn germs and the like are also removed; the germ is rich in hydrophobic fats, and its removal is advantageous for improving the cohesiveness of the starch slurry.
According to the present invention, corn seeds are pulverized so that the average particle size of the pulverized corn seeds is 100 mesh or more, preferably 150 to 200 mesh.
According to the invention, the corn seeds are crushed without protein separation, so that the operation process is simplified, and the production cost is reduced.
Preferably, the temperature of the slurry in the pulping process is 20-60 ℃.
Preferably, the gelatinization process comprises stirring the slurry at boiling temperature for 3-5h, and keeping the mass ratio of corn flour to water constant during gelatinization.
According to the invention, the gelatinization process is carried out at the boiling temperature of the slurry, and water is continuously added at the boiling temperature, so that the mass ratio of corn flour to water in the slurry is constant, and the improvement of the bonding property of the prepared mineral fertilizer binder is facilitated.
Preferably, the boiling temperature is 96-110 ℃.
According to the invention, the mineral fertilizer binder is used as a binder and a disintegrating agent at the same time, and the principle is as follows: after the starch is fully gelatinized, the originally curled starch fibers are unfolded to be in a long chain shape and can be mutually overlapped to form a net structure, so that the powdery calcium silicon fertilizer is bonded and provides necessary strength, and the dust pollution and dissipation loss in the processes of packaging, transportation and use are reduced; after the dried calcium silicon fertilizer particles are applied to soil, when the particles meet water, the starch fiber bundles in the particles absorb water and expand, and the interior of the calcium silicon fertilizer particles is burst along the starch fiber bundles, so that the fertilizer particles can be quickly and uniformly disintegrated, and the absorption and utilization of crops are facilitated.
The invention provides a preparation method of a calcium-silicon mineral fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder with a mineral fertilizer binder to prepare a mixed material;
2) granulating the mixed material in the step 1) to obtain calcium silicon mineral particles;
3) drying the silicon-calcium mineral particles in the step 2) to obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder to the mineral fertilizer binder is 1: (0.38-0.92), more preferably 1: (0.5-0.8).
According to the invention, the granulation process is a conventional operation in the field, and as a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granulation process can be that the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and the mineral fertilizer binder are uniformly mixed according to a certain mass ratio and then granulated on a spiral extrusion granulator to obtain cylindrical silicon-calcium fertilizer particles. Wherein the aperture ratio of the screen plate of the spiral extrusion granulator is 6-20%, the extrusion pressure is 55-80N, and the average diameter of the prepared calcium silicon mineral fertilizer particles is about 3-5 mm.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.
In order to make the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer have higher effective silicon index, preferably, the material and CO are mixed in the drying process2Gas is isolated. The drying reduces the water content in the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer to below 5 percent, and the drying time is generally 1 to 3 hours.
According to the present invention, the drying apparatus is not particularly limited as long as the material can be mixed with CO2Gas isolation is sufficient, and can be performed, for example, in a vacuum drying oven. This is because of CO2The gas can react with CaO in the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder, thereby reducing CaO in the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer and simultaneously leading SiO in the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer2Is diluted to further reduce the effective silicon index in the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
The preparation method of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder refers to CN108424206A, and the main components of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Na2O | MgO | Al2O3 | SiO2 | P2O5 | SO3 | Cl | K2O | CaO | TiO2 | Fe2O3 | Loss on ignition |
| 4.93 | 0.46 | 8.71 | 32.45 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 29.92 | 2.75 | 0.31 | 19.83 |
The effective silicon content of the raw powder of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer of the batch is determined to be 35 percent.
The third aspect of the invention provides the application of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer in fertilizers.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following specific advantages:
(1) the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, and the cost is low;
(2) no invalid component and harmful component are introduced, so that the dilution of the effective silicon index is avoided;
(3) the product particles can be quickly expanded and disintegrated when meeting water, and the high utilization rate of the fertilizer efficiency can be ensured.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
In the following examples, the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer raw powder was self-made according to CN 108424206A;
corn seeds were purchased from supermarkets;
the screen plate opening rate of the spiral extrusion granulator is 6-20%;
the dilution rate η (%) of the effective silicon index of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer by adding the binder is calculated by the following formula:
η＝(1－Sx/S0)*100％；
Sxthe effective silicon content in the dry calcium silicon fertilizer product is percent;
S0the effective silicon content of the dried silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 35% in the above examples and comparative examples;
example 1
(1) Taking dry corn kernels, and peeling semi-transparent husks on the surface layers of the kernels by a corn husker. And crushing the peeled corn grains into 160 meshes to prepare peeled corn flour for later use.
(2) Mixing the corn flour and water according to a mass ratio of 2: 100, and mixing to obtain corn flour slurry. The slurry was stirred well at 40 ℃. And then heating the uniformly stirred slurry to the boiling temperature (100 ℃), stirring at normal pressure and preserving heat for reaction for 4 hours to prepare the mineral fertilizer binder, and supplementing water in the reaction process to offset the amount of water lost by steam.
(3) Taking self-prepared silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.6, mixing to obtain a mixed material, and granulating on a screw extrusion granulator to obtain calcium silicon mineral particles (the average particle size is about 4mm), wherein the extrusion pressure is 60N. And immediately transferring the silicon-calcium mineral particles into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
The content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 98.8 percent by weight based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry base.
Example 2
(1) Taking dry corn kernels, and peeling semi-transparent husks on the surface layers of the kernels by a corn husker. And crushing the peeled corn grains into 180 meshes to prepare peeled corn flour for later use.
(2) Mixing the corn flour and water according to a mass ratio of 3: 100, and mixing to obtain corn flour slurry. The slurry was stirred well at 60 ℃. And then heating the uniformly stirred slurry to the boiling temperature (96 ℃), stirring at normal pressure and preserving heat for 5 hours to prepare the mineral fertilizer binder, and supplementing water in the reaction process to offset the amount of water lost by steam.
(3) Taking self-prepared silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.5, mixing to obtain a mixed material, and granulating on a screw extrusion granulator to obtain calcium silicon mineral particles (the average particle size is about 2 mm). The extrusion pressure was 80N. And immediately transferring the silicon-calcium mineral particles into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 3 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
The content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 98.56 percent by weight based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry base.
Example 3
(1) Taking dry corn kernels, and peeling semi-transparent husks on the surface layers of the kernels by a corn husker. And crushing the peeled corn grains to 200 meshes to prepare peeled corn flour for later use.
(2) Mixing the corn flour and water according to a mass ratio of 5: 100, and mixing to obtain corn flour slurry. The slurry was stirred well at 20 ℃. And then heating the uniformly stirred slurry to the boiling temperature (110 ℃), stirring at normal pressure and preserving heat for reaction for 3 hours to prepare the mineral fertilizer binder, and supplementing water in the reaction process to offset the amount of water lost by steam.
(3) Taking self-prepared silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder according to a mass ratio of 1: 0.8, mixing to obtain a mixed material, and granulating on a screw extrusion granulator to obtain calcium silicon granules (the average particle size is about 5 mm). The extrusion pressure was 55N. And immediately transferring the silicon-calcium mineral particles into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 1h at 110 ℃ to obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
Based on the total weight of the dry base of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer, the content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 97.68 percent by weight.
Example 4
The process of example 1 was followed except that: in the step (3), the self-prepared calcium silicon fertilizer raw powder and the starch binder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4, mixing to obtain a mixed material, and then preparing the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer.
The content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 99.23 wt% based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry base.
Example 5
The process of example 1 was followed except that: taking self-made calcium silicon fertilizer raw powder and a starch binder in a mass ratio of 1: 0.92, mixing to obtain a mixed material, and then preparing the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer.
The content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 99.10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry base.
Example 6
The process of example 1 was followed except that: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the corn flour to water is 0.5: 100, and mixing to obtain corn flour slurry. Then the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer is prepared.
The content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 99.5 percent by weight based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry base.
Example 7
The process of example 1 was followed except that: in the step (2), the slurry which is uniformly stirred is heated to 60 ℃, stirred and subjected to heat preservation reaction for 4 hours under normal pressure to prepare the mineral fertilizer binder, and water is not supplemented in the reaction process. Then the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer is prepared. Due to the preparation of mineral fertilizer binders at lower temperatures, the crush strength can be significantly reduced, even below industry standards.
Comparative example 1
The process of example 1 was followed except that: the mass ratio of the corn flour to the water is 15: 100, and then the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer is prepared.
Comparative example 2
Taking self-prepared silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a binder (the binder is water glass (modulus is 2.4, Baume degree is 0.52) and is diluted by 20 times by adding water) according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.6, mixing to obtain a mixed material, and granulating on a screw extrusion granulator to obtain cylindrical calcium silicon mineral particles (the average diameter is about 4 mm). And immediately transferring the silicon-calcium mineral particles into a vacuum drying oven, and drying for 2 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer. The diluted water glass (sodium silicate solution) is used as a silicon-calcium fertilizer binder, theoretically, the effective silicon index of the granular silicon-calcium fertilizer can be increased, and meanwhile, excessive sodium ions are introduced and the pH value of the product is increased. When the amount is small, insufficient cohesive force is provided (insufficient crushing strength), and when the amount is increased to satisfy the crushing strength, the disintegration rate is not satisfactory (too high strength).
Test example
The silicon-calcium mineral fertilizers prepared in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 were used to measure the effective silicon content, the crushing strength, and the disintegration rate, respectively. Wherein, the effective silicon content determination method is according to the national ministry of agriculture industry standard NY-T797-2004 silicon fertilizer; the determination of the crushing strength is carried out according to the national chemical industry standard HG-T2782-2011 'determination of the crushing resistance of fertilizer catalyst particles'; the determination of the disintegration rate refers to chemical industry standard HG-T4136-2010 'Special fertilizer for golf course lawn and soil conditioner'. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, in the present invention, the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer is prepared by using the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer raw powder and the mineral fertilizer binder, and the added substance (mineral fertilizer binder) is only 0.5% to 5% of the calcium silicon mineral fertilizer raw powder based on the total weight of the dry basis, and the dilution ratio of the effective silicon index is very small (can be reduced to 0.5%), and no harmful element is introduced. The mineral fertilizer binder can be used as a binder and a disintegrating agent at the same time, so that the material and operation cost of the disintegrating agent are saved. The method has the advantages of good disintegration efficiency, simple preparation process, low energy consumption and equipment investment saving. According to different application scenes, the anti-crushing strength can be conveniently adjusted, and the cost is not increased basically.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer comprises silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and a mineral fertilizer binder, wherein the mineral fertilizer binder is prepared from corn seeds.
2. The silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder is 99.5-95 wt%, preferably 99-97 wt%, based on the total weight of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer dry basis.
3. The silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation method of the mineral fertilizer binder comprises the steps of sequentially peeling, crushing, pulping and gelatinizing corn seeds, and in the pulping process, the mass ratio of corn flour and water obtained by crushing the corn seeds is (0.5-5): 100.
4. the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the slurry in the pulping process is 20-60 ℃.
5. The silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the gelatinization process comprises stirring the slurry for 3-5h at boiling temperature, and the mass ratio of corn flour to water is kept constant during gelatinization;
preferably, the boiling temperature is 96-110 ℃.
6. A preparation method of a calcium silicon mineral fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) mixing silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder with a mineral fertilizer binder to prepare a mixed material;
2) granulating the mixed material in the step 1) to obtain calcium silicon mineral particles;
3) drying the silicon-calcium mineral particles in the step 2) to prepare a silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer;
wherein the mineral fertilizer binder is prepared from corn seeds.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 1), the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer raw powder and the mineral fertilizer binder are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: (0.38-0.92), preferably 1: (0.5-0.8).
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the drying temperature is 90-110 ℃.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein during the drying process, the material is mixed with CO2Gas is isolated.
10. Use of the silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 5 in fertilizers.
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