CN111210119A - Establishment method of VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized scheduling model in various markets - Google Patents

Establishment method of VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized scheduling model in various markets Download PDF

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CN111210119A
CN111210119A CN201911349106.1A CN201911349106A CN111210119A CN 111210119 A CN111210119 A CN 111210119A CN 201911349106 A CN201911349106 A CN 201911349106A CN 111210119 A CN111210119 A CN 111210119A
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曹俊波
刘国建
付琳清
赵琪
李滨
戴贵英
陈庆伟
林美秀
胡孟岩
李宁
赵飞
王俊利
孙彦硕
李业行
田振峰
侯乃乾
陈洋洋
褚衍峰
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Zaozhuang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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Zaozhuang Power Supply Co of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for establishing a VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized scheduling model in various markets. The VPP of the invention further emphasizes the coordination and scheduling among the internal units of the multi-region and large-scale distributed energy realization system to obtain the income for the external participation in the market. Besides direct electric energy transaction, the VPP can also perform heat energy transaction besides heat supply load, and the VPP participating in direct electric energy and heat energy transaction is regarded as participating in an energy market; the VPP can also provide a rotary standby service for the system and participate in a rotary standby market; in addition, the supply and demand of the VPP for the natural gas can participate in the natural gas market. And meanwhile, the system participates in various markets, so that the scheduling flexibility of the system is improved, meanwhile, greater benefits are obtained, and the operating cost of the system is reduced.

Description

Establishment method of VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized scheduling model in various markets
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive energy optimization scheduling, and designs a virtual power plant electricity-heat-gas coordination optimization scheduling model considering various markets, namely an establishment method of a VPP electricity, heat and gas optimization scheduling model in various markets.
Background
In order to delay the exhaustion speed of fossil energy and reduce the pollution to the environment, the comprehensive energy network of electricity, heat and gas combined supply can improve the utilization efficiency of primary energy by realizing the complementary combined supply among various energy sources, and is developed vigorously. The micro gas turbine (MT) realizes Power supply and heat supply at the same time, the energy utilization efficiency can reach 80-90%, the system has the advantages of higher energy utilization efficiency, environmental protection, economy and the like, the system becomes an important unit in the current multi-energy combined supply system, the deterministic relationship between Power generation and heat supply reduces the flexibility of operation, and a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) technology provides a new idea for effective and flexible energy scheduling management of a multi-energy interconnected comprehensive energy network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for establishing various VPP electric, thermal and gas optimization scheduling models in a market so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The interior of the VPP can comprise distributed energy sources with different types and capacities, and the distributed energy sources covering different types, capacities or regions can better reduce the risks faced by the VPP and can participate in various markets to obtain benefits. The VPP polymerization unit considered by the invention comprises an MT unit, a gas boiler, an electricity-to-gas controllable unit and other controllable units, a wind turbine generator, a photovoltaic generator and other uncontrollable units, an energy storage device, an electric load, a thermal load and the like. The controllable units and various energy storage devices are used for stabilizing random uncertainty of the uncontrollable units such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like.
The control mode of the VPP is a centralized control mode. The electric load is mainly supplied by an MT unit, an electric energy storage device, a wind turbine unit, a photovoltaic unit and the like. The electrical loads include a general load and an IL load, and a certain compensation fee is paid to the users when the power supply to the interruptible load is stopped. The electric power difference between the power supply unit and the electric load unit can participate in the electric power market. The heat load is mainly supplied by an MT unit, a boiler and a heat storage device, and the difference between the heat supply unit and the heat load participates in the heat supply market. The participation of VPPs in the main power market and the hot market is collectively referred to as the participation in the energy market. The MT aggregate participates in the spinning reserve market with spinning reserve capacity provided by interruptible loads. The difference between the natural gas converted by the electric gas conversion device and the consumption of the natural gas of the MT unit and the boiler participates in the natural gas market.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the establishment method of the VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized dispatching model under various markets comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a polymerization unit model;
according to the VPP aggregation scheme, a day-ahead optimization scheduling model is established, and mathematical models of all units contained in the VPP are as follows:
1) MT machine set and gas boiler model;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000021
Qgb＝Egbηgb
in the formula: egt,EgbNatural gas consumption of MT machine set and gas boiler, ηgt,ηloss,ηgbThe power generation efficiency of the MT unit, the heat dissipation loss rate of the MT unit and the efficiency of a gas boiler are respectively calculated; pgt,QgtElectric power and thermal power, Q, respectively output by MT unitgbThe thermal power output by the gas boiler;
2) energy storage device model
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000031
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000032
In the formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000033
the electric energy storage quantity of the electric energy storage device and the heat energy storage quantity of the heat energy storage device are respectively indicated in a time period t; σ es and σ ts refer to electric energy storage and thermal energy storage devices respectively;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000034
respectively refer to the charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage device in the time period t,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000035
respectively indicating the heat storage and release power of the heat storage device during the period t, ηesc、ηesd、ηtsc、ηtsdRespectively indicating the charging and discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage device and the storing and discharging efficiency of the thermal energy storage device;
3) electric gas conversion device
Electricity changes gas and turns into the chemical energy with the electric energy, divide into electricity and changes hydrogen and electricity and change two main types of natural gas, and wherein electricity changes hydrogen and produces hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis water, and the chemical formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000036
because of the storage and transportation difficulty of hydrogen, electricity is usually adopted to convert natural gas, and the electricity is converted into the natural gas through CO on the basis of hydrogen electrolysis2And H2Under certain circumstances, the chemical reaction generates methane, and the chemical expression can be expressed as:
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O；
the energy conversion efficiency in the process of converting electricity into hydrogen is 75-85%, the energy conversion efficiency in the methanation process is 75-85%, and after the two-stage chemical reaction, the comprehensive efficiency of converting electricity into natural gas is 45-60%;
step two, VPP coordination optimization target under multiple markets
In the case of participating in multiple markets, with the goal that the VPP achieves a maximum net profit on the fly, the objective function of the optimization model is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000041
the objective function consists of 5 parts which,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000042
shows the revenue obtained by VPP in the energy market, the spinning reserve market and the natural gas market,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000043
Represents the running cost of the MT unit and the gas boiler,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000044
Represents the cost of the energy storage device,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000045
Represents the cost of demand response,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000046
Represents the operating cost of the electric gas conversion device;
1) participating in market revenue
The VPP is expanded from participating in a main electric market to simultaneously participating in a hot market, a rotating standby market and a natural gas market, so the income expressions obtained by participating in the market increase the hot income, the rotating standby income and the income of the natural gas market, and the expression forms are as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000047
in the above formula
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000048
Respectively representing the electricity price and the heat supply price in the energy market, the electricity price in the rotating standby market and the gas price in the natural gas market in the t period;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000049
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000410
respectively indicating the competitive bidding amounts of the VPP in the time period t in the electric energy market, the heat energy market, the rotating standby market and the natural gas market, and is the decision of the systemA policy variable;
2) operating cost of MT unit and boiler
The cost of the MT unit and the boiler comprises the start-stop cost and the environmental cost of the MT unit and the environmental cost of the boiler generated in the operation process, and the fuel cost of the MT unit and the gas boiler is not considered any more because the external participation of the overall demand of the virtual power plant in the natural gas market is considered:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000051
in the above formula n1、n2Respectively representing the number of MT units and boiler devices in the VPP system, n3Is a type of pollutant gas (including CO)2，SO2，NOX，CO)，
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000052
The price of natural gas in the period t;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000053
respectively representing the running state of the MT unit in the t period, wherein 1 represents starting or stopping, and 0 represents the running state is unchanged; lambda [ alpha ]su、λsdThe starting and stopping costs of the MT unit are represented;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000054
respectively the discharge intensity of the r-type polluted gas generated when the MT unit and the gas boiler operate, YrAnd ZrThe environmental value and the fine magnitude of the pollution gas are indicated;
3) cost of energy storage device
The energy storage device cost comprises the electric energy storage cost and the heat energy storage cost, and is approximately in a linear relation with the charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage device and the heat storage and discharge power of the heat energy storage device:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000055
in the formula: n is4、n5Are respectively provided withThe number of units for electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000056
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000057
cost coefficients of electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage are respectively;
4) cost of demand response
Cost of demand response
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000058
When the VPP stops supplying power to the interruptible load in the demand response form, certain compensation cost needs to be given to the interrupting users, the influence on the users after interruption is different due to different load importance degrees, different compensation prices are set according to different interrupting load importance degrees, the higher the load importance degree is, the higher the compensation price is:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000061
in the formula: n is6In order to interrupt the horizontal progression,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000062
for the compensation price of the g-th level of interruption,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000063
interrupt the horizontal interrupt load for the g level interrupt for the t period;
5) cost of electricity to gas
The operating cost of the P2G device comprises two parts of fixed cost and variable cost, wherein the fixed cost comprises the cost of daily maintenance cost, labor force and the like of equipment; the variable cost refers to the cost required for converting natural gas, which has a direct influence on the scheduling result, the P2G operation cost mentioned herein refers to the variable cost, the electricity cost and the raw material cost refer to the electricity consumption of the electric gas conversion device, and the raw material cost is CO2Cost;
therefore, the t period P2G device operating cost can be expressed by:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000064
in the formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000065
α denotes electricity price and CO respectively in t period2Price and CO required to produce a unit of natural gas2A coefficient;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000066
the electric power consumed by the electric gas conversion device and the generated natural gas power are respectively expressed in a time t, and the electric power consumed by the electric gas conversion device and the generated natural gas power have a certain relation as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000067
wherein η eg is the efficiency of the P2G device;
from the above discussion, the operating cost and electricity price, CO, of the P2G plant2Price, etc., and therefore, P2G has a direct impact on system scheduling;
step three, VPP operation constraint;
1) VPP power balance constraints of electricity, heat and natural gas;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000071
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000072
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000073
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000074
respectively representing the wind power output of the VPP in the period of t,Photovoltaic output, electrical load, interrupt load participating in demand response,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000075
represents the heat load of the VPP during time t;
2) MT unit and boiler constraint
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000076
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000077
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000078
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000079
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000710
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000711
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000712
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000081
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000082
In the above formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000083
respectively the output of the first MT unitUpper and lower force limits and the reserve capacity that can be provided for the system; variable 0-1
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000084
The running state of the ith unit in a period t is shown, 1 represents running, and 0 represents shutdown;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000085
the upward and downward climbing rates of the first unit are respectively; t is trFor standby service time, related to the relevant mechanisms of the electricity market;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000086
respectively the minimum on-off time of the ith unit;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000087
representing the upper power limit of the ith gas boiler;
the formula indicates that the standby capacity provided by the MT unit is not more than the maximum output power increment within the specified standby service time of the power market; the formula is the minimum on-off time constraint of the unit;
3) energy storage device restraint
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000088
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000089
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000810
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000811
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000812
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000091
In the above formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000092
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power of the ith electric energy storage device are respectively; variable 0-1
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000093
Respectively indicating whether the ith electric energy storage device is charged or discharged, if so, taking 1 as a variable, and otherwise, taking 0 as a variable;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000094
respectively representing the upper limit value, the lower limit value, the starting value and the final value of the storage capacity of the e-th electric energy storage device, wherein the charging power and the discharging power of the electric energy storage device are mutually exclusive and restricted;
the thermal energy storage and the electric energy storage are in the same form;
4) demand response interrupt load constraints
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000095
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000096
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000097
In the above formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000098
the load interruption coefficient of the mth level in the VPP;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000099
VPP total interrupt load for period t;
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000910
for the VPP load spare capacity in the period of t, the interrupt load of each level must not exceed the upper limit of the interruptible load of the level; the load reserve capacity is less than the difference between the interruptible load and the interrupted load;
5) P2G force constraints
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000911
In the formula
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000912
Represents the upper limit of the output of the P2G device;
6) spare capacity constraint
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500000913
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000101
Formula (36) shows that the rotating reserve capacity of the VPP system externally participating in the market is provided by the MT unit and the interruptible load, and the rotating reserve provided by the MT unit and the rotating reserve provided by the load are both positive values;
7) VPP spare capacity constraint
The MT team, interruptible load in the VPP can provide system backup, but does not include the backup capacity already bid on the SRM:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000102
in the formula
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000103
Spare capacity is needed for the VPP system for a period of t.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: VPP emphasizes that coordination and scheduling among internal units of a multi-region and large-scale distributed energy system are aggregated to obtain income for participating in the market. Besides direct electric energy transaction, the VPP can also perform heat energy transaction besides heat supply load, and the VPP participating in direct electric energy and heat energy transaction is regarded as participating in an energy market; the VPP can also provide a rotary standby service for the system and participate in a rotary standby market; in addition, the supply and demand of the VPP for the natural gas can participate in the natural gas market. And meanwhile, the system participates in various markets, so that the scheduling flexibility of the system is improved, meanwhile, greater benefits are obtained, and the operating cost of the system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the VPP structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely explained below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The establishment method of the VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized dispatching model under various markets comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a polymerization unit model;
according to the VPP aggregation scheme, a day-ahead optimization scheduling model is established, and mathematical models of all units contained in the VPP are as follows:
1) MT machine set and gas boiler model;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000111
Qgb＝Egbηgb
in the formula: egt,EgbNatural gas consumption of MT machine set and gas boiler, ηgt,ηloss,ηgbThe power generation efficiency of the MT unit, the heat dissipation loss rate of the MT unit and the efficiency of a gas boiler are respectively calculated; pgt,QgtElectric power and thermal power, Q, respectively output by MT unitgbThe thermal power output by the gas boiler;
2) energy storage device model
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000112
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000113
In the formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000114
the electric energy storage quantity of the electric energy storage device and the heat energy storage quantity of the heat energy storage device are respectively indicated in a time period t; sigmaes、σtsRespectively indicating an electric energy storage device and a thermal energy storage device;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000121
respectively refer to the charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage device in the time period t,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000122
respectively indicating the heat storage and release power of the heat storage device during the period t, ηesc、ηesd、ηtsc、ηtsdRespectively indicating the charging and discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage device and the storing and discharging efficiency of the thermal energy storage device;
3) electric gas conversion device
Electricity changes gas and turns into the chemical energy with the electric energy, divide into electricity and changes hydrogen and electricity and change two main types of natural gas, and wherein electricity changes hydrogen and produces hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis water, and the chemical formula is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000123
because of the storage and transportation difficulty of hydrogen, electricity is usually adopted to convert natural gas, and the electricity is converted into the natural gas through CO on the basis of hydrogen electrolysis2And H2Under certain circumstances, the chemical reaction generates methane, and the chemical expression can be expressed as:
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O；
the energy conversion efficiency in the process of converting electricity into hydrogen is 75-85%, the energy conversion efficiency in the methanation process is 75-85%, and after the two-stage chemical reaction, the comprehensive efficiency of converting electricity into natural gas is 45-60%;
step two, VPP coordination optimization target under multiple markets
In the case of participating in multiple markets, with the goal that the VPP achieves a maximum net profit on the fly, the objective function of the optimization model is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000124
the objective function consists of 5 parts which,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000125
shows the revenue obtained by VPP in the energy market, the spinning reserve market and the natural gas market,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000131
Represents the running cost of the MT unit and the gas boiler,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000132
Represents the cost of the energy storage device,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000133
Represents the cost of demand response,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000134
Represents the operating cost of the electric gas conversion device;
1) participating in market revenue
The VPP is expanded from participating in a main electric market to simultaneously participating in a hot market, a rotating standby market and a natural gas market, so the income expressions obtained by participating in the market increase the hot income, the rotating standby income and the income of the natural gas market, and the expression forms are as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000135
in the above formula
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000136
Respectively representing the electricity price and the heat supply price in the energy market, the electricity price in the rotating standby market and the gas price in the natural gas market in the t period;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000137
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000138
respectively indicating the competitive bidding amounts of the VPP in the time period t in the electric energy market and the heat energy market, the rotating standby market and the natural gas market as decision variables of the system;
2) operating cost of MT unit and boiler
The cost of the MT unit and the boiler comprises the start-stop cost and the environmental cost of the MT unit and the environmental cost of the boiler generated in the operation process, and the fuel cost of the MT unit and the gas boiler is not considered any more because the external participation of the overall demand of the virtual power plant in the natural gas market is considered:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000139
in the above formula n1、n2Respectively representing the number of MT units and boiler devices in the VPP system, n3Is a type of pollutant gas (including CO)2，SO2，NOX，CO)，
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001310
The price of natural gas in the period t;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000141
respectively representing the running state of the MT unit in the t period, wherein 1 represents starting or stopping, and 0 represents the running state is unchanged; lambda [ alpha ]su、λsdThe starting and stopping costs of the MT unit are represented;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000142
respectively the discharge intensity of the r-type polluted gas generated when the MT unit and the gas boiler operate, YrAnd ZrThe environmental value and the fine magnitude of the pollution gas are indicated;
3) cost of energy storage device
The energy storage device cost comprises the electric energy storage cost and the heat energy storage cost, and is approximately in a linear relation with the charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage device and the heat storage and discharge power of the heat energy storage device:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000143
in the formula: n is4、n5The number of units for electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage respectively;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000144
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000145
cost coefficients of electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage are respectively;
4) cost of demand response
Cost of demand response
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000146
When the VPP stops supplying power to the interruptible load in the demand response form, certain compensation cost needs to be given to the interrupting users, the influence on the users after interruption is different due to different load importance degrees, different compensation prices are set according to different interrupting load importance degrees, the higher the load importance degree is, the higher the compensation price is:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000147
in the formula: n is6In order to interrupt the horizontal progression,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000148
for the compensation price of the g-th level of interruption,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000151
is a period of tA g-th level interrupt horizontal interrupt load;
5) cost of electricity to gas
The operating cost of the P2G device comprises two parts of fixed cost and variable cost, wherein the fixed cost comprises the cost of daily maintenance cost, labor force and the like of equipment; the variable cost refers to the cost required for converting natural gas, which has a direct influence on the scheduling result, the P2G operation cost mentioned herein refers to the variable cost, the electricity cost and the raw material cost refer to the electricity consumption of the electric gas conversion device, and the raw material cost is CO2Cost;
therefore, the t period P2G device operating cost can be expressed by:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000152
in the formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000153
α denotes electricity price and CO respectively in t period2Price and CO required to produce a unit of natural gas2A coefficient;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000154
the electric power consumed by the electric gas conversion device and the generated natural gas power are respectively expressed in a time t, and the electric power consumed by the electric gas conversion device and the generated natural gas power have a certain relation as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000155
in the formula ηegEfficiency of the P2G device;
from the above discussion, the operating cost and electricity price, CO, of the P2G plant2Price, etc., and therefore, P2G has a direct impact on system scheduling;
step three, VPP operation constraint;
1) VPP power balance constraints of electricity, heat and natural gas;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000156
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000161
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000162
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000163
respectively representing wind power output, photovoltaic output, electric load and interruption load participating in demand response of the VPP in a time period t,
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000164
represents the heat load of the VPP during time t;
2) MT unit and boiler constraint
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000165
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000166
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000167
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000168
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000169
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001610
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001611
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001612
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001613
In the above formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000171
respectively the upper and lower output limits of the first MT unit and the spare capacity provided by the system; variable 0-1
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000172
The running state of the ith unit in a period t is shown, 1 represents running, and 0 represents shutdown;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000173
the upward and downward climbing rates of the first unit are respectively; t is trFor standby service time, related to the relevant mechanisms of the electricity market;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000174
respectively the minimum on-off time of the ith unit;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000175
representing the upper power limit of the ith gas boiler;
the formula indicates that the standby capacity provided by the MT unit is not more than the maximum output power increment within the specified standby service time of the power market; the formula is the minimum on-off time constraint of the unit;
3) energy storage device restraint
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000176
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000177
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000178
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000179
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001710
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001711
In the above formula:
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001712
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power of the ith electric energy storage device are respectively; variable 0-1
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000181
Respectively indicating whether the ith electric energy storage device is charged or discharged, if so, taking 1 as a variable, and otherwise, taking 0 as a variable;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000182
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000183
respectively representing the upper limit value, the lower limit value, the starting value and the final value of the storage capacity of the e-th electric energy storage device, wherein the charging power and the discharging power of the electric energy storage device are mutually exclusive and restricted;
the thermal energy storage and the electric energy storage are in the same form;
4) demand response interrupt load constraints
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000184
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000185
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000186
In the above formula:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000187
the load interruption coefficient of the mth level in the VPP;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000188
VPP total interrupt load for period t;
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000189
for the VPP load spare capacity in the period of t, the interrupt load of each level must not exceed the upper limit of the interruptible load of the level; the load reserve capacity is less than the difference between the interruptible load and the interrupted load;
5) P2G force constraints
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001810
In the formula
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001811
Represents the upper limit of the output of the P2G device;
6) spare capacity constraint
Figure RE-GDA00024073650500001812
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000191
Formula (36) shows that the rotating reserve capacity of the VPP system externally participating in the market is provided by the MT unit and the interruptible load, and the rotating reserve provided by the MT unit and the rotating reserve provided by the load are both positive values;
7) VPP spare capacity constraint
The MT team, interruptible load in the VPP can provide system backup, but does not include the backup capacity already bid on the SRM:
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000192
in the formula
Figure RE-GDA0002407365050000193
Spare capacity is needed for the VPP system for a period of t.
The VPP of the invention further emphasizes the coordination and scheduling among the internal units of the multi-region and large-scale distributed energy realization system to obtain the income for the external participation in the market. Besides direct electric energy transaction, the VPP can also perform heat energy transaction besides heat supply load, and the VPP participating in direct electric energy and heat energy transaction is regarded as participating in an energy market; the VPP can also provide a rotary standby service for the system and participate in a rotary standby market; in addition, the supply and demand of the VPP for the natural gas can participate in the natural gas market. And meanwhile, the system participates in various markets, so that the scheduling flexibility of the system is improved, meanwhile, greater benefits are obtained, and the operating cost of the system is reduced.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiment without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. The method for establishing the VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized scheduling model under various markets is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, establishing a polymerization unit model;
according to the VPP aggregation scheme, a day-ahead optimization scheduling model is established, and mathematical models of all units contained in the VPP are as follows:
1) MT machine set and gas boiler model;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000011
in the formula: egt,EgbNatural gas consumption of MT machine set and gas boiler, ηgt,ηloss,ηgbThe power generation efficiency of the MT unit, the heat dissipation loss rate of the MT unit and the efficiency of a gas boiler are respectively calculated; pgt,QgtElectric power and thermal power, Q, respectively output by MT unitgbThe thermal power output by the gas boiler;
2) energy storage device model
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000012
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000013
In the formula:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000014
the electric energy storage quantity of the electric energy storage device and the heat energy storage quantity of the heat energy storage device are respectively indicated in a time period t; sigmaes、σtsRespectively indicating an electric energy storage device and a thermal energy storage device; pt esc、Pt esdRespectively refer to the charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage device in the time period t,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000025
respectively indicating the heat storage and release power of the heat storage device during the period t, ηesc、ηesd、ηtsc、ηtsdRespectively indicating the charging and discharging efficiency of the electric energy storage device and the storing and discharging efficiency of the thermal energy storage device;
3) electric gas conversion device
Electricity changes gas and turns into the chemical energy with the electric energy, divide into electricity and changes hydrogen and electricity and change two main types of natural gas, and wherein electricity changes hydrogen and produces hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis water, and the chemical formula is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000021
because of the storage and transportation difficulty of hydrogen, electricity is usually adopted to convert natural gas, and the electricity is converted into the natural gas through CO on the basis of hydrogen electrolysis2And H2Under certain circumstances, the chemical reaction generates methane, and the chemical expression can be expressed as:
CO2+4H2→CH4+2H2O；
the energy conversion efficiency in the process of converting electricity into hydrogen is 75-85%, the energy conversion efficiency in the methanation process is 75-85%, and after the two-stage chemical reaction, the comprehensive efficiency of converting electricity into natural gas is 45-60%;
step two, VPP coordination optimization target under multiple markets
In the case of participating in multiple markets, with the goal that the VPP achieves a maximum net profit on the fly, the objective function of the optimization model is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000022
the objective function consists of 5 parts which,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000023
shows the revenue obtained by VPP in the energy market, the spinning reserve market and the natural gas market,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000024
Represents the running cost of the MT unit and the gas boiler,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000031
Represents the cost of the energy storage device,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000032
Represents the cost of demand response,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000033
Represents the operating cost of the electric gas conversion device;
1) participating in market revenue
The VPP is expanded from participating in a main electric market to simultaneously participating in a hot market, a rotating standby market and a natural gas market, so the income expressions obtained by participating in the market increase the hot income, the rotating standby income and the income of the natural gas market, and the expression forms are as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000034
in the above formula
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000036
Respectively representing the electricity price and the heat supply price in the energy market, the electricity price in the rotating standby market and the gas price in the natural gas market in the t period; pt em、
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000037
Respectively indicating the competitive bidding amounts of the VPP in the time period t in the electric energy market and the heat energy market, the rotating standby market and the natural gas market as decision variables of the system;
2) operating cost of MT unit and boiler
The cost of the MT unit and the boiler comprises the start-stop cost and the environmental cost of the MT unit and the environmental cost of the boiler generated in the operation process, and the fuel cost of the MT unit and the gas boiler is not considered any more because the external participation of the overall demand of the virtual power plant in the natural gas market is considered:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000035
in the above formula n1、n2Respectively representing the number of MT units and boiler devices in the VPP system, n3Is a type of pollutant gas (including CO)2，SO2，NOX，CO)，
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000038
The price of natural gas in the period t;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000039
respectively representing the running state of the MT unit in the t period, wherein 1 represents starting or stopping, and 0 represents the running state is unchanged; lambda [ alpha ]su、λsdThe starting and stopping costs of the MT unit are represented;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000043
respectively the discharge intensity of the r-type polluted gas generated when the MT unit and the gas boiler operate, YrAnd ZrThe environmental value and the fine magnitude of the pollution gas are indicated;
3) cost of energy storage device
The energy storage device cost comprises the electric energy storage cost and the heat energy storage cost, and is approximately in a linear relation with the charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage device and the heat storage and discharge power of the heat energy storage device:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000041
in the formula: n is4、n5The number of units for electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage respectively;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000044
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000045
cost coefficients of electrical energy storage and thermal energy storage are respectively;
4) cost of demand response
Cost of demand response
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000046
When the VPP stops supplying power to the interruptible load in the form of demand response, certain compensation cost needs to be given to the interruptible users, and due to different load importance degrees, after interruptionThe influence on users is different, different compensation prices are set according to different interrupt load importance degrees, the higher the load importance degree is, the higher the compensation price is:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000042
in the formula: n is6In order to interrupt the horizontal progression,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000047
for the compensation price of the g-th level of interruption,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000048
interrupt the horizontal interrupt load for the g level interrupt for the t period;
5) cost of electricity to gas
The operating cost of the P2G device comprises two parts of fixed cost and variable cost, wherein the fixed cost comprises the cost of daily maintenance cost, labor force and the like of equipment; the variable cost refers to the cost required for converting natural gas, which has a direct influence on the scheduling result, the P2G operation cost mentioned herein refers to the variable cost, the electricity cost and the raw material cost refer to the electricity consumption of the electric gas conversion device, and the raw material cost is CO2Cost;
therefore, the t period P2G device operating cost can be expressed by:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000051
in the formula:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000052
α denotes electricity price and CO respectively in t period2Price and CO required to produce a unit of natural gas2A coefficient; pt P2G、
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000053
Respectively representing t time periods for electric gas conversion devicesThe consumed electrical power and the generated natural gas power have a relationship as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000054
in the formula ηegEfficiency of the P2G device;
from the above discussion, the operating cost and electricity price, CO, of the P2G plant2Price, etc., and therefore, P2G has a direct impact on system scheduling;
step three, VPP operation constraint;
1) VPP power balance constraints of electricity, heat and natural gas;
Pt gt+Pt wp+Pt pv+Pt esd＝Pt em+Pt el-Pt elcurt+Pt esc+Pt P2G；
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000055
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000056
Pt wp、Pt pv、Pt el、Pt elcurtrespectively representing wind power output, photovoltaic output, electric load and interruption load participating in demand response of the VPP in a time period t,
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000066
represents the heat load of the VPP during time t;
2) MT unit and boiler constraint
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000061
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000062
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000063
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000064
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000065
In the above formula: pl gt,min、Pl gt,max、
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000067
Respectively the upper and lower output limits of the first MT unit and the spare capacity provided by the system; variable 0-1
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000068
The running state of the ith unit in a period t is shown, 1 represents running, and 0 represents shutdown; r isl u、rl dThe upward and downward climbing rates of the first unit are respectively; t is trFor standby service time, related to the relevant mechanisms of the electricity market; t isl u,min、Tl d,minRespectively the minimum on-off time of the ith unit;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000072
representing the upper power limit of the ith gas boiler;
the formula indicates that the standby capacity provided by the MT unit is not more than the maximum output power increment within the specified standby service time of the power market; the formula is the minimum on-off time constraint of the unit;
3) energy storage device restraint
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000071
In the above formula:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000073
the maximum charging power and the maximum discharging power of the ith electric energy storage device are respectively; variable 0-1
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000074
Respectively indicating whether the ith electric energy storage device is charged or discharged, if so, taking 1 as a variable, and otherwise, taking 0 as a variable;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000075
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000076
respectively representing the upper limit value, the lower limit value, the starting value and the final value of the storage capacity of the e-th electric energy storage device, wherein the charging power and the discharging power of the electric energy storage device are mutually exclusive and restricted;
the thermal energy storage and the electric energy storage are in the same form;
4) demand response interrupt load constraints
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000081
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000082
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000083
In the above formula:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000084
the load interruption coefficient of the mth level in the VPP; pt elcurtTotal negative interruption of VPP for period tLoading;
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000085
for the VPP load spare capacity in the period of t, the interrupt load of each level must not exceed the upper limit of the interruptible load of the level; the load reserve capacity is less than the difference between the interruptible load and the interrupted load;
5) P2G force constraints
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000086
In the formula
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000087
Represents the upper limit of the output of the P2G device;
6) spare capacity constraint
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000088
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000089
Formula (36) shows that the rotating reserve capacity of the VPP system externally participating in the market is provided by the MT unit and the interruptible load, and the rotating reserve provided by the MT unit and the rotating reserve provided by the load are both positive values;
7) VPP spare capacity constraint
The MT team, interruptible load in the VPP can provide system backup, but does not include the backup capacity already bid on the SRM:
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000091
in the formula
Figure RE-FDA0002407365040000092
Spare capacity is needed for the VPP system for a period of t.
CN201911349106.1A 2019-12-24 2019-12-24 Establishment method of VPP electricity, heat and gas optimized scheduling model in various markets Pending CN111210119A (en)

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