CN111882105B - Micro-grid group containing shared energy storage system and day-ahead economic optimization scheduling method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system and a daily economic optimization scheduling method thereof, which comprises the following steps: step 1, establishing an operation model of each part in a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system; step 2, based on the step 1, introducing system operation constraint by taking the lowest running cost of the micro-grid group system as a target, and establishing a daily economic optimization scheduling model of the micro-grid group; and step 3, acquiring an operation cost coefficient and an operation limit value of each device in the micro-grid group, solving a day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model based on the step 1 and the step 2, and determining a day-ahead scheduling scheme of the micro-grid group system. According to the method, the micro-grid group system comprising the shared energy storage system is considered, and each micro-grid can realize bidirectional energy flow with the shared energy storage system through the connecting lines, so that energy storage and energy interaction among different micro-grids are carried out, renewable energy source absorption is effectively realized, the effects of peak clipping and valley filling are achieved, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the electricity cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy system operation optimization, and particularly relates to a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system and a daily economic optimization scheduling method thereof.
Background
In order to cope with increasingly severe climate change, some countries have established their own carbon emission reduction targets. Renewable energy is considered as an important way to reduce carbon emissions, and accordingly, the popularity of renewable energy has increased significantly in the last decade. The high permeability of renewable energy sources will present challenges to network operators because of their fluctuating nature. Accordingly, energy storage systems are currently widely employed in order to mitigate fluctuations in renewable energy output and meet power balances. Although the price of batteries is continually decreasing, the price and the service life of batteries are still not negligible. Thus, exploring ways to make efficient use of energy storage systems is to accommodate the increasing demand for renewable energy sources.
Much research has focused on the shared use of energy storage systems. However, research efforts have focused on controlling and pricing energy exchange between energy storage systems and energy users, with less consideration being given to the exchange of electrical energy between users via commonly connected energy storage systems. According to the modular bi-directional converter device, the electric energy transaction between different users can be realized by utilizing a plurality of individual AC/DC conversion modules and shared DC/DC conversion modules. Thanks to the power flow controllability of the AC/DC module, the power trade between the participants is controllable, and by adding a metering unit to the AC/DC module, the billing of electricity purchase and sale can be achieved. Therefore, a micro-grid group daily economic optimization scheduling method with a shared energy storage system considering P2P transaction needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to reduce the influence of fluctuation and uncertainty of renewable energy output on a micro-grid group system, promote the consumption of renewable energy and realize the peak clipping and valley filling effects, the invention provides a micro-grid group with a shared energy storage system, and simultaneously provides a micro-grid group daily economic optimization scheduling method with the shared energy storage system so as to realize the optimal operation of the micro-grid group system.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system comprises an active power distribution network, a micro-grid group and the shared energy storage system;
Each micro-grid in the micro-grid group is respectively interacted with the active power distribution network and the shared energy storage system through a connecting wire, and when the electric power generated by new energy in the micro-grid is larger than the electric load, electricity is sold to the active power distribution network or the shared energy storage system, so that the power balance of an electric bus is met; otherwise, purchasing electricity to the active power distribution network or the shared energy storage system; each micro-grid is connected to a direct current bus of the shared energy storage system through a breaker and an AC/DC conversion module, and then is connected with the battery system through the DC/DC conversion module and a DC isolator, wherein the AC/DC conversion module and the DC/DC conversion module are both bidirectional converters.
The invention provides a daily economic optimization scheduling method for a micro-grid group with a shared energy storage system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing an operation model of each part in a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system;
Step 2, based on the step 1, introducing system operation constraint with the lowest running cost of the micro-grid group system as a target, and establishing a micro-grid group day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model containing a shared energy storage system;
And step 3, acquiring an operation cost coefficient and an operation limit value of each device in the micro-grid group, solving a day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model based on the step 1 and the step 2, and determining a day-ahead scheduling scheme of the micro-grid group system.
The operation model of each part in the micro-grid group containing the shared energy storage system in the step 1 comprises three aspects of an operation model of renewable energy power generation, an operation model of the shared energy storage system and an operation model of power interaction of the micro-grid and the active power distribution network, and the specific flow is as follows:
step 101, an operation model of renewable energy power generation:
the renewable energy power generation in each micro-grid mainly comprises two forms of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and the relation between the operation maintenance cost and the power generation power of the renewable energy power generation in each micro-grid is as follows:
Wherein T represents a scheduling period, and Deltat represents scheduling time resolution; Generating power, running and maintaining cost for new energy of the micro-grid i; /(I) Representing the operation maintenance cost coefficient of the photovoltaic/fan; /(I)Representing the power generated by a photovoltaic/fan of the micro-grid i at the time t;
step 102, sharing an operation model of the energy storage system:
the electricity purchasing cost of each micro-grid from the shared energy storage system is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchase cost of the micro-grid i from the shared energy storage system; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling price of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t is represented; /(I)Representing the electricity purchasing/selling power of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t;
The electricity purchase/selling price of each micro-grid to the shared energy storage system is determined by the formulas (3) - (5):
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchasing/selling reference electricity price of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t; /(I)Representing the electric load power of the micro-grid i at the time t; /(I)Representing the ratio of load power to renewable energy source power generation power of the micro-grid i at the time t,/>For/>The value after the interval [ -1,1] is standardized, meanwhile, the electricity purchasing price from the shared energy storage system is set to be not higher than the electricity purchasing price from the active power distribution network at each moment, the electricity selling price to the shared energy storage system is not lower than the electricity selling price to the active power distribution network, and the electricity purchasing price from the shared energy storage system is not lower than the electricity selling price to the shared energy storage system;
The direct current bus inside the shared energy storage system must satisfy the electric power balance:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the value of transmission of electricity purchasing/selling power of micro-grid i to direct-current bus from shared energy storage system at t moment,/>Representing a value of charge-discharge power transfer of a battery inside the shared energy storage system to the direct current bus;
because of capacity limitations of the tie lines and the AC/DC converters, the interactive power values of the micro-networks and the shared energy storage system have upper and lower limit constraints, and at each moment, the electricity purchasing/selling actions of the micro-networks and the shared energy storage system cannot occur simultaneously, as shown in formulas (7) - (9):
In the method, in the process of the invention, A variable of 0-1 represents the electricity purchasing/selling state of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the moment t; Representing an upper power limit for purchasing/selling electricity to the shared energy storage system;
Because of capacity limitations of the battery and the DC/DC converter, there is an upper limit constraint on the charge-discharge power value of the battery inside the shared energy storage system, while there is a lower limit constraint on the power value in order to prevent unnecessary battery loss, and in addition, at each time, the charge-discharge behavior of the battery cannot occur simultaneously, as in formulas (10) - (12):
In the method, in the process of the invention, A variable of 0-1, representing the charge/discharge state of the battery at time t; /(I)Representing the charge/discharge power of the battery at time t,/>An upper/lower power limit representing battery charge/discharge;
in order to reduce the loss of the battery and further ensure the service life of the battery, the charge-discharge cycle power constraint of the battery needs to be added:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the maximum charge-discharge cycle power of the battery;
in order to ensure the normal operation of the battery, the upper and lower energy limits of the battery are set, in addition, the capacity of the battery at each moment has a certain relation with the charge and discharge power at the last moment, in addition, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the scheduling strategy, the energy of the battery is required to be equal at the beginning and ending moment of each scheduling period, as shown in formulas (14) - (16):
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the energy of a battery inside a shared energy storage system at time t,/>Representing the minimum/maximum value of battery energy; σ ESS represents the self-discharge rate of the battery.
Because of a certain power loss of the bidirectional converter in the shared energy storage system, efficiency constraint of each device needs to be added:
Where η ESS,DC,AC denotes an efficiency of the DC/AC converter to convert electric energy from DC to AC, η ESS,AC,DC denotes an efficiency of the DC/AC converter to convert electric energy from AC to DC, η ESS,dis denotes an efficiency of the DC/DC converter when the battery is discharged, and η ESS,ch denotes an efficiency of the DC/DC converter when the battery is charged;
step 103, an operation model of power interaction of the micro-grid and the active distribution network:
The electricity purchasing cost of each micro-grid from the active distribution network is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchasing expense of the micro-grid i from the active power distribution network; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling price of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the time t is shown; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling power of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the time t is shown;
Because of capacity limitations of the tie lines and transformers, the interaction power values of the micro-networks and the active power distribution network have upper and lower limit constraints, and meanwhile, at each moment, electricity purchasing/selling behaviors of the micro-networks and the active power distribution network cannot occur simultaneously, as shown in formulas (22) - (24):
In the method, in the process of the invention, The variable is 0-1, which indicates the electricity purchasing/selling state of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the moment t; Indicating the upper power limit for purchasing/selling electricity to the active distribution network.
The process for establishing the micro-grid group daily economic optimization scheduling model containing the shared energy storage system in the step 2 is as follows:
step 201, establishing an optimization model objective function:
The objective function of the optimization is to minimize the total operating costs of the micro grid group, including the operating costs of fans, photovoltaics, electricity purchases from active distribution networks, electricity purchases from shared energy storage systems:
wherein Cost represents the total running Cost of the micro-grid group; c i represents the running cost of the micro-grid i; The new energy power generation operation maintenance cost, the electricity purchasing cost from the active power distribution network and the electricity purchasing cost from the shared energy storage system of the micro-grid i are respectively represented by the following formulas (1), (21), (2) and (5);
Step 202, establishing constraint conditions of an optimization model:
1) Micro-grid electric power balance constraint:
the electric power balance needs to be satisfied in each micro-grid:
2) Sharing the energy storage system direct current bus electric power balance constraint:
The electric power balance relation of the direct current bus of the shared energy storage system satisfies the formula (6);
3) And purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power to the active power distribution network:
purchasing and selling electric power from the active distribution network, wherein the upper limit constraint and the lower limit constraint of the electric power satisfy formulas (22) - (24);
4) Purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power from the shared energy storage system:
purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power to be sold from the shared energy storage system to meet formulas (7) - (9);
5) Preventing the transaction of the shared energy storage system and the active power distribution network through the micro-grid:
For economic and safety reasons, the micro-grid is not allowed to sell the electric energy purchased from the active distribution network to the shared energy storage system at the same time or sell the electric energy purchased from the shared energy storage system to the active distribution network:
6) Sharing energy storage system battery charge-discharge power constraints:
The battery charge-discharge power constraint of the shared energy storage system satisfies formulas (10) - (12);
7) Sharing energy storage system battery charge-discharge cycle power constraints:
The charge-discharge cycle power constraint of the shared energy storage system battery meets the formula (13);
8) Sharing energy storage system battery energy constraints:
the shared energy storage system battery energy constraint satisfies equations (14) - (16);
9) Sharing energy storage system energy conversion efficiency constraints:
The shared energy storage system energy conversion efficiency constraint satisfies equations (17) - (20).
And 3, solving the daily economic optimization scheduling model, wherein decision variables comprise the state and power of each micro-grid for selling electricity to the active power distribution network, the state and power of each micro-grid for selling electricity to the shared energy storage system, the charge and discharge state and power of the shared energy storage system battery and the energy of the shared energy storage system battery, and solving the daily economic optimization scheduling model by using IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio in combination with MATLAB after acquiring the running cost coefficient and the running limit value of each device in the micro-grid group, so as to determine the daily scheduling scheme of the micro-grid group system.
The micro-grid group with the shared energy storage system has a day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model, and the scheduling period is 24 hours, namely T=24.
The economic optimization scheduling model of the micro-grid group with the shared energy storage system is characterized in that the scheduling time resolution is 1 hour, namely Deltat=1.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The invention provides a micro-grid group operation optimization method with a shared energy storage system, which can realize global energy optimization management of the micro-grid group through the shared energy storage system. A micro-grid group containing the shared energy storage system is established, and the micro-grid can realize bidirectional energy flow with the shared energy storage system through a connecting wire, so that energy storage and energy interaction among different micro-grids are carried out, renewable energy sources are effectively absorbed, the effects of peak clipping and valley filling are achieved, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the electricity cost is reduced. Therefore, the running cost of the micro-grid group system can be obviously reduced by optimizing the charge and discharge state and power of the shared energy storage system and the electricity purchasing strategy of the micro-grid, and the daily economic optimization scheduling of the micro-grid group is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micro-grid cluster architecture including a shared energy storage system;
FIG. 2 is a structure of a shared energy storage system;
Fig. 3 (a) -3 (d) are electric power balance diagrams of the micro-grids according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the balance of electric power across a DC bus of the shared energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the energy variation of a shared energy storage system cell in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a cost diagram of each micro grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a cost diagram of each micro grid without adding a shared energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for explaining the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention.
The overall structure of the micro-grid group system with shared energy storage studied in the invention is shown in fig. 1. The micro-grids adopt bus structures, and each micro-grid is internally provided with respective electric loads and comprises new energy power generation equipment such as photovoltaic and fans. Meanwhile, each micro-grid can realize power interaction with the active power distribution network and the shared energy storage system through connecting lines. The micro-grid, the active power distribution network and the shared energy storage system have bidirectional power flow, and when the electric power generated by new energy in the micro-grid is larger than the electric load, electricity can be sold to the active power distribution network or the shared energy storage system, so that the power balance of an electric bus is met; otherwise, electricity purchasing can be performed to the active power distribution network or the shared energy storage system.
As a key device in the micro-grid group, the structure of the shared energy storage system is shown in fig. 2. Each micro-grid is connected with a direct current bus of the shared energy storage system through a breaker and an AC/DC conversion module, and then is connected with the battery system through a DC/DC conversion module and a DC isolator. The AC/DC conversion module and the DC/DC conversion module which are responsible for energy conversion are two-way converters. The shared energy storage system operates as follows: firstly, each micro-grid transmits the power value required or to be consumed to a direct current bus according to the power shortage or the power surplus, so that the total power shortage or the power surplus of the micro-grid group is obtained, and then the charging and discharging strategies and the power of the battery are determined to maintain the power balance of the direct current bus of the shared energy storage system. Therefore, besides charging and discharging the battery system of the shared energy storage system, indirect power interaction can be realized between the micro-grids through the AC/DC conversion module and the direct current bus, so that the flexibility of a scheduling strategy is improved.
The invention provides a daily economic optimization scheduling method for a micro-grid group with a shared energy storage system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing an operation model of each part in a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system;
Step 2, based on the step 1, introducing system operation constraint with the lowest running cost of the micro-grid group system as a target, and establishing a micro-grid group day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model containing a shared energy storage system;
And step 3, acquiring an operation cost coefficient and an operation limit value of each device in the micro-grid group, solving a day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model based on the step 1 and the step 2, and determining a day-ahead scheduling scheme of the micro-grid group system.
The operation model of each part in the micro-grid group containing the shared energy storage system in the step 1 comprises three aspects of an operation model of renewable energy power generation, an operation model of the shared energy storage system and an operation model of power interaction of the micro-grid and the active power distribution network. The specific flow of the step 1 is as follows:
step 101. Operation model for renewable energy power generation
Renewable energy power generation in each micro-grid mainly comprises two forms of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation. The relation between the operation and maintenance cost of renewable energy power generation and the power generation power in each micro-grid is as follows:
Wherein T represents a scheduling period, and Deltat represents scheduling time resolution; Generating power, running and maintaining cost for new energy of the micro-grid i; /(I) Representing the operation maintenance cost coefficient of the photovoltaic/fan; /(I)Representing the power generated by a photovoltaic/fan of the micro-grid i at the time t;
step 102, sharing an operation model of the energy storage system:
the electricity purchasing cost of each micro-grid from the shared energy storage system is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchase cost of the micro-grid i from the shared energy storage system; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling price of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t is represented; /(I)Representing the electricity purchasing/selling power of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t;
The electricity purchase/selling price of each micro-grid to the shared energy storage system is determined by the formulas (3) - (5):
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchasing/selling reference electricity price of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t; /(I)Representing the electric load power of the micro-grid i at the time t; /(I)Representing the ratio of load power to renewable energy source power generation power of the micro-grid i at the time t,/>For/>The value after the interval [ -1,1] is standardized, meanwhile, the electricity purchasing price from the shared energy storage system is set to be not higher than the electricity purchasing price from the active power distribution network at each moment, the electricity selling price to the shared energy storage system is not lower than the electricity selling price to the active power distribution network, and the electricity purchasing price from the shared energy storage system is not lower than the electricity selling price to the shared energy storage system;
The direct current bus inside the shared energy storage system must satisfy the electric power balance:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the value of transmission of electricity purchasing/selling power of micro-grid i to direct-current bus from shared energy storage system at t moment,/>Representing a value of charge-discharge power transfer of a battery inside the shared energy storage system to the direct current bus;
because of capacity limitations of the tie lines and the AC/DC converters, the interactive power values of the micro-networks and the shared energy storage system have upper and lower limit constraints, and at each moment, the electricity purchasing/selling actions of the micro-networks and the shared energy storage system cannot occur simultaneously, as shown in formulas (7) - (9):
In the method, in the process of the invention, A variable of 0-1 represents the electricity purchasing/selling state of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the moment t; Representing an upper power limit for purchasing/selling electricity to the shared energy storage system;
Because of capacity limitations of the battery and the DC/DC converter, there is an upper limit constraint on the charge-discharge power value of the battery inside the shared energy storage system, while there is a lower limit constraint on the power value in order to prevent unnecessary battery loss, and in addition, at each time, the charge-discharge behavior of the battery cannot occur simultaneously, as in formulas (10) - (12):
In the method, in the process of the invention, A variable of 0-1, representing the charge/discharge state of the battery at time t; /(I)Representing the charge/discharge power of the battery at time t,/>An upper/lower power limit representing battery charge/discharge;
in order to reduce the loss of the battery and further ensure the service life of the battery, the charge-discharge cycle power constraint of the battery needs to be added:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the maximum charge-discharge cycle power of the battery;
in order to ensure the normal operation of the battery, the upper and lower energy limits of the battery are set, in addition, the capacity of the battery at each moment has a certain relation with the charge and discharge power at the last moment, in addition, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the scheduling strategy, the energy of the battery is required to be equal at the beginning and ending moment of each scheduling period, as shown in formulas (14) - (16):
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the energy of a battery inside a shared energy storage system at time t,/>Representing the minimum/maximum value of battery energy; σ ESS represents the self-discharge rate of the battery.
Because of a certain power loss of the bidirectional converter in the shared energy storage system, efficiency constraint of each device needs to be added:
Where η ESS,DC,AC denotes an efficiency of the DC/AC converter to convert electric energy from DC to AC, η ESS,AC,DC denotes an efficiency of the DC/AC converter to convert electric energy from AC to DC, η ESS,dis denotes an efficiency of the DC/DC converter when the battery is discharged, and η ESS,ch denotes an efficiency of the DC/DC converter when the battery is charged;
step 103, an operation model of power interaction of the micro-grid and the active distribution network:
The electricity purchasing cost of each micro-grid from the active distribution network is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchasing expense of the micro-grid i from the active power distribution network; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling price of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the time t is shown; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling power of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the time t is shown;
Because of capacity limitations of the tie lines and transformers, the interaction power values of the micro-networks and the active power distribution network have upper and lower limit constraints, and meanwhile, at each moment, electricity purchasing/selling behaviors of the micro-networks and the active power distribution network cannot occur simultaneously, as shown in formulas (22) - (24):
In the method, in the process of the invention, The variable is 0-1, which indicates the electricity purchasing/selling state of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the moment t; Indicating the upper power limit for purchasing/selling electricity to the active distribution network.
The process for establishing the micro-grid group daily economic optimization scheduling model containing the shared energy storage system in the step 2 is as follows:
step 201, establishing an optimization model objective function:
The objective function of the optimization is to minimize the total operating costs of the micro grid group, including the operating costs of fans, photovoltaics, electricity purchases from active distribution networks, electricity purchases from shared energy storage systems:
wherein Cost represents the total running Cost of the micro-grid group; c i represents the running cost of the micro-grid i; The new energy power generation operation maintenance cost, the electricity purchasing cost from the active power distribution network and the electricity purchasing cost from the shared energy storage system of the micro-grid i are respectively represented by the following formulas (1), (21), (2) and (5);
Step 202, establishing constraint conditions of an optimization model:
1) Micro-grid electric power balance constraint:
the electric power balance needs to be satisfied in each micro-grid:
2) Sharing the energy storage system direct current bus electric power balance constraint:
The electric power balance relation of the direct current bus of the shared energy storage system satisfies the formula (6);
3) And purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power to the active power distribution network:
purchasing and selling electric power from the active distribution network, wherein the upper limit constraint and the lower limit constraint of the electric power satisfy formulas (22) - (24);
4) Purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power from the shared energy storage system:
purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power to be sold from the shared energy storage system to meet formulas (7) - (9);
5) Preventing the transaction of the shared energy storage system and the active power distribution network through the micro-grid:
For economic and safety reasons, the micro-grid is not allowed to sell the electric energy purchased from the active distribution network to the shared energy storage system at the same time or sell the electric energy purchased from the shared energy storage system to the active distribution network:
6) Sharing energy storage system battery charge-discharge power constraints:
The battery charge-discharge power constraint of the shared energy storage system satisfies formulas (10) - (12);
7) Sharing energy storage system battery charge-discharge cycle power constraints:
The charge-discharge cycle power constraint of the shared energy storage system battery meets the formula (13);
8) Sharing energy storage system battery energy constraints:
the shared energy storage system battery energy constraint satisfies equations (14) - (16);
9) Sharing energy storage system energy conversion efficiency constraints:
The shared energy storage system energy conversion efficiency constraint satisfies equations (17) - (20).
And 3, solving the daily economic optimization scheduling model, wherein decision variables comprise the state and power of each micro-grid for selling electricity to the active power distribution network, the state and power of each micro-grid for selling electricity to the shared energy storage system, the charge and discharge state and power of the shared energy storage system battery, the energy of the shared energy storage system battery and the like, and after the running cost coefficient and the running limit value of each device in the micro-grid group are obtained, solving the daily economic optimization scheduling model by using IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio and MATLAB.
According to the micro-grid group daily economic optimization scheduling model with the shared energy storage system, the scheduling period is 24 hours, namely T=24, and the scheduling time resolution is 1 hour, namely Deltat=1.
The operating parameters of the system are shown in table 1.
Table 1 system operating parameters
The micro-grid group system adopts a time-sharing electricity price calculating mode. Wherein, peak period time is 08:00-11:00 and 18:00-23:00, flat period time is 07:00-08:00 and 11:00-18:00, valley period time is 23:00-07:00, and real-time transaction electricity price is shown in Table 2. And the new energy power generation and online electricity price of the power grid is 0.34 yuan/(kWh).
Table 2 real-time trading electricity prices
In this embodiment, the battery capacity of the shared energy storage system is 3000kwh, and 4 micro-grids are connected to the shared energy storage system to form a micro-grid group. The results of the optimization are shown in fig. 3 (a) -6.
As can be seen from fig. 3 (a) -3 (d), for peak electricity prices periods 08:00-11:00 and 18:00-23:00, most of the electrical load is satisfied by purchasing electricity from the shared energy storage system, instead of an active distribution network where electricity is expensive; in the normal period of the electricity price, most of the electric loads are met by purchasing electricity from the active power distribution network due to relatively low price; in the valley period of electricity price, because wind power generation output is often more, electricity needs to be sold when supply is over-required, most of power is sold to the shared energy storage system, but because the capacity of the shared energy storage system is limited, a considerable part of surplus power of the micro-grid 1 is sold to the active power distribution network. The reason why the micro-grid 1 but not other micro-grids sell electricity to the active power distribution network is that the micro-grid 1 sells surplus power to the active power distribution network because the electricity price of the micro-grid 1 selling electricity to the shared energy storage system is the lowest in the period of time, so that the whole micro-grid group can obtain the maximum economic benefit.
4-5, The batteries of the shared energy storage system are charged during the period of time 23:00-7:00 of the next day when the renewable energy source of each micro-grid generates electricity more than the electric load; and at 08:00-11:00 and 18:00-21:00 where the electricity price of the active distribution network is high, the batteries of the shared energy storage system are discharged. Therefore, due to the adoption of the shared energy storage system, the system can play a role in peak clipping and valley filling, can realize the absorption of renewable energy sources and reduce the electricity cost. In addition, in 13:00-16:00 and 21:00-23:00, because renewable energy sources of the micro-grid 4 generate more electricity, electricity needs to be sold to meet electric power balance, other micro-grids still need to purchase electricity, at the moment, the micro-grid 4 does not need to select an active power distribution network with lower power price to be sold to the internet or charge a battery, and electricity can be indirectly sold to the micro-grid 2 and the micro-grid 1 through a direct current bus in the shared energy storage system. Thus, the energy transmission efficiency is improved, the battery loss is reduced, and the electricity cost is reduced. Also, in the selection of the microgrid, the algorithm automatically selects to power interact with the microgrid that has the lowest cost of purchasing electricity from the shared energy storage system.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the micro-grid 3 with higher load has higher electricity cost due to more electricity purchase from the active distribution network; and the micro-grid 4 with more renewable energy sources can sell more electricity to the shared energy storage system, so that more profits can be obtained.
In contrast, without a shared energy storage system, the cost of each microgrid after optimization is shown in fig. 7.
In this scenario, the surplus of power of each micro-grid can only be sold to the active distribution network, and the shortage of power can only be purchased from the active distribution network. As can be seen from fig. 7, in the case of no shared energy storage system, the total electricity cost is 4070.6475 yuan, while in the case of adding a shared energy storage system, the total electricity cost is reduced to 3360.8191 yuan, and the total saving is 699.8284 yuan, and the saved cost is 17.23%. For the micro-grid 4 with more renewable energy sources for power generation, the electricity selling profit is improved from 402.2410 yuan to 557.6242 yuan, and the 155.3832 yuan is improved, namely 38.63%. Therefore, the shared energy storage system plays a quite important role in the operation of the whole micro-grid group system, and the electricity consumption cost can be greatly reduced.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing examples, which are provided by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A daily economic optimization scheduling method for a micro-grid group with a shared energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the micro-grid group comprises an active power distribution network, a micro-grid group and a shared energy storage system; each micro-grid in the micro-grid group is respectively interacted with the active power distribution network and the shared energy storage system through a connecting wire, and when the electric power generated by new energy in the micro-grid is larger than the electric load, electricity is sold to the active power distribution network or the shared energy storage system, so that the power balance of an electric bus is met; otherwise, purchasing electricity to the active power distribution network or the shared energy storage system; each micro-grid is connected with a direct current bus of the shared energy storage system through a breaker and an AC/DC conversion module, and then is connected with the battery system through a DC/DC conversion module and a DC isolator, wherein the AC/DC conversion module and the DC/DC conversion module are both bidirectional converters;
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing an operation model of each part in a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system; the operation model of each part in the micro-grid group containing the shared energy storage system in the step 1 comprises three aspects of an operation model of renewable energy power generation, an operation model of the shared energy storage system and an operation model of power interaction of the micro-grid and the active power distribution network, and the specific flow is as follows:
step 101, an operation model of renewable energy power generation:
the renewable energy power generation in each micro-grid mainly comprises two forms of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and the relation between the operation maintenance cost and the power generation power of the renewable energy power generation in each micro-grid is as follows:
Wherein T represents a scheduling period, and Deltat represents scheduling time resolution; Generating power, running and maintaining cost for new energy of the micro-grid i; /(I) Representing the operation maintenance cost coefficient of the photovoltaic/fan; /(I)Representing the power generated by a photovoltaic/fan of the micro-grid i at the time t;
step 102, sharing an operation model of the energy storage system:
the electricity purchasing cost of each micro-grid from the shared energy storage system is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchase cost of the micro-grid i from the shared energy storage system; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling price of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t is represented; /(I)Representing the electricity purchasing/selling power of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t;
The electricity purchase/selling price of each micro-grid to the shared energy storage system is determined by the formulas (3) - (5):
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchasing/selling reference electricity price of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the time t; /(I)Representing the electric load power of the micro-grid i at the time t; /(I)Representing the ratio of load power to renewable energy source power generation power of the micro-grid i at the time t,/>For/>The value after the interval [ -1,1] is standardized, meanwhile, the electricity purchasing price from the shared energy storage system is set to be not higher than the electricity purchasing price from the active power distribution network at each moment, the electricity selling price to the shared energy storage system is not lower than the electricity selling price to the active power distribution network, and the electricity purchasing price from the shared energy storage system is not lower than the electricity selling price to the shared energy storage system;
The direct current bus inside the shared energy storage system must satisfy the electric power balance:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the value of transmission of electricity purchasing/selling power of micro-grid i to direct-current bus from shared energy storage system at t moment,/>Representing a value of charge-discharge power transfer of a battery inside the shared energy storage system to the direct current bus;
because of capacity limitations of the tie lines and the AC/DC converters, the interactive power values of the micro-networks and the shared energy storage system have upper and lower limit constraints, and at each moment, the electricity purchasing/selling actions of the micro-networks and the shared energy storage system cannot occur simultaneously, as shown in formulas (7) - (9):
In the method, in the process of the invention, A variable of 0-1 represents the electricity purchasing/selling state of the micro-grid i to the shared energy storage system at the moment t; Representing an upper power limit for purchasing/selling electricity to the shared energy storage system;
Because of capacity limitations of the battery and the DC/DC converter, there is an upper limit constraint on the charge-discharge power value of the battery inside the shared energy storage system, while there is a lower limit constraint on the power value in order to prevent unnecessary battery loss, and in addition, at each time, the charge-discharge behavior of the battery cannot occur simultaneously, as in formulas (10) - (12):
In the method, in the process of the invention, A variable of 0-1, representing the charge/discharge state of the battery at time t; /(I)Representing the charge/discharge power of the battery at time t,/>An upper/lower power limit representing battery charge/discharge;
in order to reduce the loss of the battery and further ensure the service life of the battery, the charge-discharge cycle power constraint of the battery needs to be added:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the maximum charge-discharge cycle power of the battery;
in order to ensure the normal operation of the battery, the upper and lower energy limits of the battery are set, in addition, the capacity of the battery at each moment has a certain relation with the charge and discharge power at the last moment, in addition, in order to ensure the sustainable development of the scheduling strategy, the energy of the battery is required to be equal at the beginning and ending moment of each scheduling period, as shown in formulas (14) - (16):
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the energy of a battery inside a shared energy storage system at time t,/>Representing the minimum/maximum value of battery energy; σ ESS represents the self-discharge rate of the battery;
Because of a certain power loss of the bidirectional converter in the shared energy storage system, efficiency constraint of each device needs to be added:
Where η ESS,DC,AC denotes an efficiency of the DC/AC converter to convert electric energy from DC to AC, η ESS,AC,DC denotes an efficiency of the DC/AC converter to convert electric energy from AC to DC, η ESS,dis denotes an efficiency of the DC/DC converter when the battery is discharged, and η ESS,ch denotes an efficiency of the DC/DC converter when the battery is charged;
step 103, an operation model of power interaction of the micro-grid and the active distribution network:
The electricity purchasing cost of each micro-grid from the active distribution network is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the electricity purchasing expense of the micro-grid i from the active power distribution network; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling price of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the time t is shown; /(I)The electricity purchasing/selling power of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the time t is shown;
Because of capacity limitations of the tie lines and transformers, the interaction power values of the micro-networks and the active power distribution network have upper and lower limit constraints, and meanwhile, at each moment, electricity purchasing/selling behaviors of the micro-networks and the active power distribution network cannot occur simultaneously, as shown in formulas (22) - (24):
In the method, in the process of the invention, The variable is 0-1, which indicates the electricity purchasing/selling state of the micro-grid i to the active power distribution network at the moment t; Representing an upper power limit for purchasing/selling electricity to the active distribution network;
Step 2, based on the step 1, introducing system operation constraint with the lowest running cost of the micro-grid group system as a target, and establishing a micro-grid group day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model containing a shared energy storage system;
And step 3, acquiring an operation cost coefficient and an operation limit value of each device in the micro-grid group, solving a day-ahead economic optimization scheduling model based on the step 1 and the step 2, and determining a day-ahead scheduling scheme of the micro-grid group system.
2. The optimized day-ahead economic dispatch method for a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the process for establishing the micro-grid group daily economic optimization scheduling model containing the shared energy storage system in the step 2 is as follows:
step 201, establishing an optimization model objective function:
The objective function of the optimization is to minimize the total operating costs of the micro grid group, including the operating costs of fans, photovoltaics, electricity purchases from active distribution networks, electricity purchases from shared energy storage systems:
wherein Cost represents the total running Cost of the micro-grid group; c i represents the running cost of the micro-grid i; The new energy power generation operation maintenance cost, the electricity purchasing cost from the active power distribution network and the electricity purchasing cost from the shared energy storage system of the micro-grid i are respectively represented by the following formulas (1), (21), (2) and (5);
Step 202, establishing constraint conditions of an optimization model:
1) Micro-grid electric power balance constraint:
the electric power balance needs to be satisfied in each micro-grid:
2) Sharing the energy storage system direct current bus electric power balance constraint:
The electric power balance relation of the direct current bus of the shared energy storage system satisfies the formula (6);
3) And purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power to the active power distribution network:
purchasing and selling electric power from the active distribution network, wherein the upper limit constraint and the lower limit constraint of the electric power satisfy formulas (22) - (24);
4) Purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power from the shared energy storage system:
purchasing upper and lower limit constraint of electric power to be sold from the shared energy storage system to meet formulas (7) - (9);
5) Preventing the transaction of the shared energy storage system and the active power distribution network through the micro-grid:
For economic and safety reasons, the micro-grid is not allowed to sell the electric energy purchased from the active distribution network to the shared energy storage system at the same time or sell the electric energy purchased from the shared energy storage system to the active distribution network:
6) Sharing energy storage system battery charge-discharge power constraints:
The battery charge-discharge power constraint of the shared energy storage system satisfies formulas (10) - (12);
7) Sharing energy storage system battery charge-discharge cycle power constraints:
The charge-discharge cycle power constraint of the shared energy storage system battery meets the formula (13);
8) Sharing energy storage system battery energy constraints:
the shared energy storage system battery energy constraint satisfies equations (14) - (16);
9) Sharing energy storage system energy conversion efficiency constraints:
The shared energy storage system energy conversion efficiency constraint satisfies equations (17) - (20).
3. The optimized day-ahead economic dispatch method for a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: and 3, solving the daily economic optimization scheduling model, wherein decision variables comprise the state and power of each micro-grid for selling electricity to the active power distribution network, the state and power of each micro-grid for selling electricity to the shared energy storage system, the charge and discharge state and power of the shared energy storage system battery and the energy of the shared energy storage system battery, and solving the daily economic optimization scheduling model by using IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio in combination with MATLAB after acquiring the running cost coefficient and the running limit value of each device in the micro-grid group, so as to determine the daily scheduling scheme of the micro-grid group system.
4. The optimized day-ahead economic dispatch method for a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the scheduling period is 24 hours, i.e., t=24.
5. The optimized day-ahead economic dispatch method for a micro-grid group containing a shared energy storage system of claim 1, wherein: the scheduling time resolution is 1 hour, i.e. Δt=1.
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