CN111208531A - Single photon imaging laser radar system based on wide-spectrum light source - Google Patents
Single photon imaging laser radar system based on wide-spectrum light source Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/493—Extracting wanted echo signals
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Abstract
The invention provides a single photon imaging laser radar system based on a wide-spectrum light source, wherein the wide-spectrum light source is used for emitting wide-spectrum detection light; the optical processing module is used for filtering out the detection light of the working waveband from the wide-spectrum detection light, and performing repetition frequency selection and time domain dispersion; the intensity modulation module is used for dividing the detection light into a plurality of detection lights with different frequencies and sequentially emitting the detection lights according to a time sequence, the scanning transceiver module is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the detection lights and combining mechanical scanning to carry out scanning emission on the detection lights so as to form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, so that target detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and the detection lights reflected by a target are received; the detection module is used for detecting the photon number of the reflected detection light; the imaging module is used for carrying out 3D imaging according to the data of the photon number of the detection light. Because the target is detected by the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, the detection field of view of the radar system is larger, and the imaging speed is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser radars, in particular to a single photon imaging laser radar system based on a wide-spectrum light source.
Background
Because the laser radar has the characteristics of strong anti-interference capability and good concealment, and the single-photon imaging technology has the characteristic of high detection sensitivity, the laser radar technology and the single-photon imaging technology are combined, and the detection imaging distance and precision can be greatly improved.
However, because the field of view of the conventional laser radar is small, long-time precision scanning is required for imaging a target, so that the imaging speed is low, high-speed 3D imaging of a long-distance target in a large field of view is difficult, and the application of the single-photon imaging laser radar is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a single photon imaging laser radar system based on a wide-spectrum light source, so as to improve the imaging speed of the imaging laser radar.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a single photon imaging laser radar system based on a wide-spectrum light source comprises the wide-spectrum light source, a light processing module, an intensity modulation module, a scanning transceiving module, a detection module and an imaging module;
the wide-spectrum light source is used for emitting wide-spectrum detection light;
the optical processing module is used for filtering out the detection light of a working waveband from the wide-spectrum detection light, and performing repetition frequency selection and time domain dispersion on the detection light of the working waveband, so as to control the repetition frequency of the detection light of the working waveband within a preset range and spread the detection light of different frequencies in a time domain;
the intensity modulation module is used for dividing the detection light emitted by the light processing module into a plurality of detection lights with different frequencies and sequentially emitting the detection lights according to a time sequence; the scanning transceiver module is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the plurality of detection lights emitted by the intensity modulation module and scanning and emitting the plurality of detection lights subjected to the spatial dispersion by combining mechanical scanning so as to enable the plurality of detection lights to form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, so that target detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and the detection lights reflected back by a target are received;
the detection module is used for detecting the photon number of the detection light reflected back by the target;
the imaging module is used for carrying out 3D imaging according to the data of the photon number of the detection light.
Optionally, the optical processing module comprises a tunable filter, a first dispersive optical fiber, a pulse selector and a second dispersive optical fiber;
the input end of the adjustable filter is connected with the output end of the wide-spectrum light source, and the adjustable filter is used for filtering out detection light with a working waveband from the wide-spectrum detection light;
the input end of the first dispersion optical fiber is connected with the output end of the adjustable filter, and the first dispersion optical fiber is used for performing time domain dispersion on the detection light of the working waveband;
the input end of the pulse selector is connected with the output end of the first dispersion optical fiber, and the pulse selector is used for performing repetition frequency selection on the detection light of the working waveband;
and the input end of the second dispersion optical fiber is connected with the output end of the pulse selector, and the second dispersion optical fiber is used for carrying out time domain dispersion on the detection light of the working waveband.
Optionally, the optical processing module further comprises an isolator and a first fiber amplifier;
the input end of the isolator is connected with the output end of the wide-spectrum light source, the output end of the isolator is connected with the adjustable filter, and the isolator is used for transmitting the wide-spectrum detection light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source to the adjustable filter and blocking the scattered light and the end face reflected light transmitted to the wide-spectrum light source by the adjustable filter;
the input end of the first optical fiber amplifier is connected with the output end of the pulse selector, the output end of the first optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the second dispersion optical fiber, and the first optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the optical power of the detection light of the working waveband.
Optionally, the intensity modulation module comprises an intensity modulator and a signal generator;
the intensity modulator is used for dividing the detection light subjected to time domain dispersion into a plurality of detection lights with different frequencies and sequentially emitting the detection lights according to a time sequence;
the signal generator is used for driving the intensity modulator through a driving signal, and the time sequence parameter of the driving signal determines the frequency parameter of the detection light selected by the intensity modulator.
Optionally, a second fiber amplifier is further included;
the second optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the optical power of the detection light emitted by the intensity modulator.
Optionally, the scanning transceiver module includes a first collimator, a second collimator, a spatial light circulator, a polarizer, a diffraction grating group, and a transceiver optical module;
the first collimator is used for collimating the detection light emitted by the intensity modulation module;
the spatial light circulator is used for transmitting the detection light emitted by the first collimator to the polaroid and transmitting the detection light returned by the polaroid to the second collimator;
the polaroid is used for converting the linear polarization detection light into the circular polarization detection light;
the diffraction grating group is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the detection light emitted by the polaroid;
the transmitting-receiving optical module is used for scanning and emitting the plurality of detection lights subjected to spatial dispersion in combination with mechanical scanning, so that the plurality of detection lights emitted by the transmitting-receiving optical module form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and target detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix;
the transmitting-receiving optical module is also used for receiving the detection light reflected by the target, and the reflected detection light passes through the diffraction grating group, the polaroid, the spatial light circulator and the second collimator and then is transmitted to the detection module.
Optionally, the scanning transceiver module includes a scanning module, and the scanning module at least drives the diffraction grating group and the transceiver optical module to rotate, so that the plurality of probe lights emitted from the transceiver optical module form a two-dimensional probe light lattice.
Optionally, the detection module comprises a cryostat and detector, an electrical amplifier and a counter;
the cryostat is used for keeping the detection module at a preset temperature, and converting detection light reflected by a target output by the scanning transceiver module into an electric signal through the detector and transmitting the electric signal to the electrical amplifier;
the electrical amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal obtained by the detector;
the counter is used for recording the photon number of the detection light reflected back by the target.
Optionally, the imaging module is further configured to control a timing sequence of the wide-spectrum light source according to the data of the number of photons, so that the timing sequences of the wide-spectrum light source and the imaging module are the same.
Optionally, the wide spectrum light source comprises a femtosecond laser source in visible and infrared bands, an amplified spontaneous emission light source combined with a photoelectric modulator, or a super-continuum spectrum light source.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
according to the single photon imaging laser radar system based on the wide-spectrum light source, after the light processing module enables the detection light with different frequencies to be spread on the time domain, the intensity modulation module divides the detection light into the detection light with different frequencies and emits the detection light in sequence according to the time sequence, the scanning transceiver module scans and emits the detection light to form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and target detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix.
Because the target is detected by the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, the detection view field of the laser radar system is larger, and the imaging speed is higher. In addition, the number of the formed detection light can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency selection range of the intensity modulation module, and the range and the precision of the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix are further adjusted, so that the laser radar system has the advantages of high detection precision, wide application range and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single photon imaging lidar system based on a wide-spectrum light source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single photon imaging lidar system based on a wide-spectrum light source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of time domain signals of four points a, b, c, and d in the corresponding optical paths shown in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional detection light lattice and a detection target according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a timing diagram of pulses for transmitting probe light and receiving probe light according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, so that the above is the core idea of the present invention, and the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a single photon imaging laser radar system based on a wide-spectrum light source, and as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a wide-spectrum light source 1, a light processing module 2, an intensity modulation module 3, a scanning transceiver module 4, a detection module 5 and an imaging module 6.
The wide-spectrum light source 1 is used for emitting wide-spectrum detection light. The optical processing module 2 is configured to filter out the detection light in the working wavelength band from the wide-spectrum detection light emitted from the wide-spectrum light source 1, and perform repetition frequency selection and time domain dispersion on the detection light in the working wavelength band, so as to control the repetition frequency of the detection light in the working wavelength band within a preset range, and spread the detection light with different frequencies in the time domain. The intensity modulation module 3 is configured to divide the probe light emitted from the light processing module 2 into a plurality of probe lights with different frequencies, and emit the plurality of probe lights in sequence according to a time sequence. The scanning transceiver module 4 is used for performing spatial dispersion on a plurality of detection lights emitted by the intensity modulation module 3 to form a one-dimensional detection light lattice, and combining mechanical scanning to scan and emit a plurality of detection lights subjected to spatial dispersion to enable the plurality of detection lights to form a two-dimensional detection light lattice, so as to perform detection of the target a through the two-dimensional detection light lattice, and receive the detection light reflected back by the target a. The detection module 5 is used for detecting the photon number of the detection light reflected back by the object a. The imaging module 6 is used for performing 3D imaging according to the data of the photon number of the probe light.
Because the target A is detected by the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, the detection view field of the laser radar system is larger, and the imaging speed is higher. In addition, the number of the formed detection light can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency selection range of the intensity modulation module 3, and the range and the precision of the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix are further adjusted, so that the laser radar system has the advantages of high detection precision, wide application range and the like.
Alternatively, the wide spectrum light source 1 includes a femtosecond laser light source in a visible light band and an infrared band, an amplified spontaneous emission light source or a super-continuum spectrum light source combined with a photoelectric modulator, or the like. Of course, the broad spectrum light source 1 in the embodiment of the present invention may be a polarized or unpolarized light source, which is not limited in the present invention.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the optical processing module 2 in the embodiment of the present invention includes a tunable filter 20, a first dispersive optical fiber 21, a pulse selector 22, and a second dispersive optical fiber 23. The input end of the tunable filter 20 is connected to the output end of the wide-spectrum light source 1, and the tunable filter 20 is used for filtering out the detection light of the working waveband from the wide-spectrum detection light. The input end of the first dispersion fiber 21 is connected to the output end of the tunable filter 20, and the first dispersion fiber 21 is used for performing time domain dispersion on the detection light in the operating band. An input end of the pulse selector 22 is connected to an output end of the first dispersion fiber 21, and the pulse selector 22 is used for performing repetition frequency selection on the probe light of the operating band. Optionally, the pulse selector 22 includes an intensity modulator, an acousto-optic modulator, and various pulse selectors packaged. An input end of the second dispersion fiber 23 is connected to an output end of the pulse selector 22, and the second dispersion fiber 23 is used for performing time-domain dispersion on the detection light of the operating band.
Further optionally, the optical processing module 2 further comprises an isolator 24 and a first fiber amplifier 25. The input end of the isolator 24 is connected with the output end of the wide-spectrum light source 1, the output end of the isolator 24 is connected with the adjustable filter 20, and the isolator 24 is used for transmitting the wide-spectrum detection light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source 1 to the adjustable filter 20 and blocking the scattered light and the end face reflected light transmitted by the adjustable filter 20 to the wide-spectrum light source 1. The input end of the first optical fiber amplifier 25 is connected with the output end of the pulse selector 22, the output end of the first optical fiber amplifier 25 is connected with the input end of the second dispersive optical fiber 23, and the first optical fiber amplifier 25 is used for carrying out optical power amplification on the detection light of the working waveband. Alternatively, when the operating band of the wide-spectrum light source 1 is the infrared band, the first fiber amplifier 25 is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
Optionally, the intensity modulation module 3 comprises an intensity modulator 30 and a signal generator 31. The intensity modulator 30 is configured to divide the detection light subjected to time domain dispersion into a plurality of detection lights having different frequencies, and emit the detection lights sequentially in time order. The signal generator 31 is used for driving the intensity modulator by a driving signal, and a timing parameter of the driving signal determines a frequency parameter of the probe light selected by the intensity modulator. Alternatively, the signal generator 31 includes an arbitrary waveform signal generator and a narrow pulse generator driven by a clock signal.
Optionally, the laser radar system in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a second fiber amplifier 32; the second optical fiber amplifier 32 is used for optical power amplification of the probe light emitted from the intensity modulator 30. Optionally, the second fiber amplifier 32 includes a continuous fiber amplifier and a pulsed fiber amplifier.
Optionally, the scanning transceiver module 4 includes a first collimator 40, a second collimator 41, a spatial light circulator 42, a polarizer 43, a diffraction grating group, and a transceiver optical module.
The first collimator 40 is configured to collimate the probe light emitted by the intensity modulation module 3; the spatial light circulator 42 is configured to transmit the probe light emitted from the first collimator 40 to the polarizer 43, and transmit the probe light returned by the polarizer 43 to the second collimator 41; the polarizing plate 43 is for converting the linearly polarized probe light into a circularly polarized probe light; the polarizing plate 43 is an 1/4 wave plate. The diffraction grating group is used for spatial dispersion of the detection light emitted from the polarizing plate 43. The receiving and transmitting optical module is used for emitting a plurality of detection lights subjected to spatial dispersion in combination with mechanical scanning, so that the detection lights emitted by the receiving and transmitting optical module form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and target A detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix; the transceiver optical module is further configured to receive the probe light reflected by the target a, and the reflected probe light passes through the diffraction grating group, the polarizer 53, the spatial light circulator 52, and the second collimator 51 and then is transmitted to the detection module 6.
Optionally, the diffraction grating set includes a first diffraction grating 451, a second diffraction grating 452, and a third diffraction grating 452, where the first diffraction grating 451 is used for spatially first-order dispersion of the probe light, the second diffraction grating 452 is used for spatially second-order dispersion of the probe light, and the third diffraction grating 453 is used for spatially third-order dispersion of the probe light. Further optionally, the diffraction gratings 451, 452, 453 comprise reflective, transmissive groove gratings and holographic gratings, the number of which may be adjusted as practical.
Optionally, the transceiver optical module includes a relay lens group 47, a diaphragm 48 and a transceiver optical lens 49, the relay lens group 47 is used for focusing the probe light, the diaphragm 48 is used for controlling the amount of light passing and eliminating stray light, and the transceiver optical lens 49 is used for emitting and receiving the probe light with a large field of view, and has the functions of expanding the beam, guiding and ensuring the receiving efficiency.
It should be noted that the scanning transceiver module 4 in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a reflecting mirror, such as a first reflecting mirror 44 and a second reflecting mirror 46, for changing the optical path to implement spatial light guiding.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the scanning transceiver module 4 further includes a scanning module, and the scanning module at least drives the diffraction grating group and the transceiver optical module to rotate, so that the plurality of probe lights emitted from the transceiver optical module form a two-dimensional probe light dot matrix. Optionally, the scanning module is a high-precision motor to drive the scanning transceiver module 4 to perform one-dimensional scanning through the high-precision electrode.
Optionally, the detection module 5 includes a cryostat and a detector 50, an electrical amplifier 51, and a counter 52, where the cryostat and the detector are integrated, the cryostat is used to maintain the detection module 5 at a preset temperature, and the preset temperature is an extremely low temperature, so as to reduce detection noise, and convert the detection light reflected by the target a output by the scanning transceiver module 4 into an electrical signal through the detector, and transmit the electrical signal to the electrical amplifier 51; the electrical amplifier 51 is used for amplifying the detected electrical signal; the counter 52 is used to record the photon count of the probe light reflected back by the object a. The imaging module 6 is also used for controlling the time sequence of the wide-spectrum light source 1 according to the data of the photon number, so that the time sequences of the wide-spectrum light source 1 and the imaging module 6 are the same.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the detection module 5 is a superconducting detection module, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the detection module 5 may also be a single photon detection module, such as a single photon avalanche diode.
For the convenience of understanding, the principle of the single photon imaging laser radar system based on the wide spectrum light source provided by the invention is explained.
Pulse detection light emitted by a wide-spectrum light source 1 passes through an isolator 24, the wide-spectrum detection light with a working waveband is filtered out by an adjustable filter 20, the bandwidth of the detection light is delta lambda, time domain dispersion is carried out by a first dispersion optical fiber 21 and is transmitted to a pulse selector 22, repetition frequency selection is carried out by the pulse selector 22, and the pulse detection light selected by the pulse selector 22 passes throughThe second dispersion fiber 23 performs time-domain dispersion and transmission, and since the transmission speeds of the probe lights of different frequencies in the dispersion fiber are different, the pulse probe lights are sufficiently spread in the time domain by the first fiber amplifier 25 and the multi-stage dispersion fibers 21 and 23, and the distance between the pulse probe lights is 1/f before the time-domain dispersion is performed, as shown in fig. 3(a)repAfter the time domain dispersion is performed, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the distance between the pulse probe lights is 1/NfrepAnd N is an integer greater than 1.
According to the characteristics of time domain dispersion, a time domain-frequency mapping relation of a dispersion optical fiber system can be constructed. The time-frequency mapping relationship can be represented by the following general formula:
wherein β is the dispersion coefficient, m is the dispersion order, z is the optical fiber transmission length, ω is0Is the center frequency. The time-frequency mapping relationship of a time-domain dispersion system can be calibrated with an oscilloscope and a spectrometer by constructing a filter with FSR (free spectral spacing).
The intensity modulator 30 divides the detection light subjected to the time domain dispersion into a plurality of detection lights having different frequencies, and sequentially emits the detection lights in time order. That is, the intensity modulator 30 will establish a time channel at intervals, and select a frequency of the probe light to emit in each time channel, and select different frequencies of the probe light to emit in different time channels, so as to perform frequency differentiation by using the time channels, where each time channel corresponds to a corresponding frequency channel. Assuming that the number of frequency channels is n, the corresponding frequency channel is represented by cnThis is shown in FIG. 3 (d). The time interval for the intensity modulator 30 to screen the pulse frequency channels is Tp＝Td(n +1)/n, corresponding to frequency channel scanning of the pulsed probe light in the time domain, where TdFor the broadening time of the broad spectrum probe light in the time domain after passing through the first dispersive fiber 21 and the second dispersive fiber 23, i.e. every time T passesc＝nTpOne frequency sweep is completed.
Narrow pulse probe lights with different frequencies are emitted through a second optical fiberThe amplifier 32 amplifies the amplified pulse detection light, the amplified pulse detection light is collimated by the first collimator 40 and enters the three-stage cascade diffraction gratings 451, 452 and 453 through the first reflecting mirror 44, one-dimensional large-angle dispersion is achieved in the x direction, each selected frequency channel corresponds to a specific dispersion angle, namely, a specific detection direction, as shown in fig. 4, and therefore a one-dimensional dispersion detection light lattice { theta (theta) } thetax1(c1),θx2(c2),…,θxn(cn) And scanning in the y direction through the scanning transceiver module 4 to realize a two-dimensional dispersion detection light lattice { [ theta ] }x1(c1),θyj],[θx2(c2),θyj],…,[θxn(cn),θyj]}。
The number of x-direction probe light dot arrays may be implemented by adjusting the time interval of the intensity modulator 30 for screening the pulse frequency channels, i.e. adjusting the repetition frequency of the intensity modulator 30. The number of the y-direction detection light dot matrix is adjusted by the step of a scanning motor, namely the scanning angle of a scanning module. The laser radar system in the embodiment of the invention detects the total field of view as (theta)x,θy) Wherein, thetaxFor cascaded gratings with one-dimensional dispersion angle, thetayThe scan motor scans the angle. The dispersed light is emitted to the atmosphere through the relay lens group 47 and the transmitting-receiving optical lens 49 for target a detection. In the embodiment of the present invention, the target a is taken as an example of an airplane for illustration, and is not limited thereto.
When the target a is in the coverage of the two-dimensional detection light lattice, the frequency channel light corresponding to the position of the target a is detected by the transceiver optical lens 49. As shown in fig. 5, the detection timing sequence of the broad spectrum detection light is shown in the upper diagram of fig. 5, which shows the emitted pulse detection light sequence, and the lower diagram of fig. 5, which shows the received pulse detection light sequence. Taking the pulse detection light emission time of a certain frequency channel as a starting point, and setting TcThe round trip time of the detected callback pulse detection light of each frequency channel is as follows:
wherein k is an integer, whichThe value is determined by the reference distance of the estimated object a,
is the time that light travels between the relative reference distance and the target a distance. i is an integer representing the frequency channel ordinal number.
The corresponding target A distance is dei＝cteiAnd/2, wherein,cis the speed of light. And determining the flight time of the corresponding frequency channel pulse detection light by fitting the central position of the echo pulse detection light on the time domain through accumulating a plurality of scanning periods. According to TpValue, dynamic range of target A range detection cTp/2。
In consideration of eye safety and detection concealment, in the embodiment of the invention, infrared band femtosecond laser is preferably used for detection, and the detection module 5 adopts a superconducting or single-photon detector with a corresponding band for detection. The detection efficiency under the remote detection condition can be ensured by utilizing the superconducting detector for detection.
According to the single photon imaging laser radar system based on the wide-spectrum light source, the target A is detected through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, so that the detection field of view of the laser radar system is large, and the imaging speed is high. In addition, the number of the formed detection light can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency selection range of the intensity modulation module, and the range and the precision of the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix are further adjusted, so that the laser radar system has the advantages of high detection precision, wide application range and the like. In addition, the invention adopts single photon detection technology, improves the detection efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio, and has the capability of fast imaging of a long-distance macroscopic target A.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A single photon imaging laser radar system based on a wide-spectrum light source is characterized by comprising a wide-spectrum light source, a light processing module, an intensity modulation module, a scanning transceiving module, a detection module and an imaging module;
the wide-spectrum light source is used for emitting wide-spectrum detection light;
the optical processing module is used for filtering out the detection light of a working waveband from the wide-spectrum detection light, and performing repetition frequency selection and time domain dispersion on the detection light of the working waveband, so as to control the repetition frequency of the detection light of the working waveband within a preset range and spread the detection light of different frequencies in a time domain;
the intensity modulation module is used for dividing the detection light emitted by the light processing module into a plurality of detection lights with different frequencies and sequentially emitting the detection lights according to a time sequence; the scanning transceiver module is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the plurality of detection lights emitted by the intensity modulation module and scanning and emitting the plurality of detection lights subjected to the spatial dispersion by combining mechanical scanning so as to enable the plurality of detection lights to form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, so that target detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and the detection lights reflected back by a target are received;
the detection module is used for detecting the photon number of the detection light reflected back by the target;
the imaging module is used for carrying out 3D imaging according to the data of the photon number of the detection light.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical processing module comprises a tunable filter, a first dispersive optical fiber, a pulse selector, and a second dispersive optical fiber;
the input end of the adjustable filter is connected with the output end of the wide-spectrum light source, and the adjustable filter is used for filtering out detection light with a working waveband from the wide-spectrum detection light;
the input end of the first dispersion optical fiber is connected with the output end of the adjustable filter, and the first dispersion optical fiber is used for performing time domain dispersion on the detection light of the working waveband;
the input end of the pulse selector is connected with the output end of the first dispersion optical fiber, and the pulse selector is used for performing repetition frequency selection on the detection light of the working waveband;
and the input end of the second dispersion optical fiber is connected with the output end of the pulse selector, and the second dispersion optical fiber is used for carrying out time domain dispersion on the detection light of the working waveband.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the optical processing module further comprises an isolator and a first fiber amplifier;
the input end of the isolator is connected with the output end of the wide-spectrum light source, the output end of the isolator is connected with the adjustable filter, and the isolator is used for transmitting the wide-spectrum detection light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source to the adjustable filter and blocking the scattered light and the end face reflected light transmitted to the wide-spectrum light source by the adjustable filter;
the input end of the first optical fiber amplifier is connected with the output end of the pulse selector, the output end of the first optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the second dispersion optical fiber, and the first optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the optical power of the detection light of the working waveband.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the intensity modulation module comprises an intensity modulator and a signal generator;
the intensity modulator is used for dividing the detection light subjected to time domain dispersion into a plurality of detection lights with different frequencies and sequentially emitting the detection lights according to a time sequence;
the signal generator is used for driving the intensity modulator through a driving signal, and the time sequence parameter of the driving signal determines the frequency parameter of the detection light selected by the intensity modulator.
5. The system of claim 4, further comprising a second fiber amplifier;
the second optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the optical power of the detection light emitted by the intensity modulator.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the scanning transceiver module comprises a first collimator, a second collimator, a spatial light circulator, a polarizer, a diffraction grating set, and a transceiver optics set;
the first collimator is used for collimating the detection light emitted by the intensity modulation module;
the spatial light circulator is used for transmitting the detection light emitted by the first collimator to the polaroid and transmitting the detection light returned by the polaroid to the second collimator;
the polaroid is used for converting the linear polarization detection light into the circular polarization detection light;
the diffraction grating group is used for carrying out spatial dispersion on the detection light emitted by the polaroid;
the transmitting-receiving optical module is used for scanning and emitting the plurality of detection lights subjected to spatial dispersion in combination with mechanical scanning, so that the plurality of detection lights emitted by the transmitting-receiving optical module form a two-dimensional detection light dot matrix, and target detection is carried out through the two-dimensional detection light dot matrix;
the transmitting-receiving optical module is also used for receiving the detection light reflected by the target, and the reflected detection light passes through the diffraction grating group, the polaroid, the spatial light circulator and the second collimator and then is transmitted to the detection module.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the scanning transceiver module comprises a scanning module, and the scanning module at least drives the diffraction grating group and the transceiver optical module to rotate, so that the plurality of probe lights emitted from the transceiver optical module form a two-dimensional probe light lattice.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the detection module comprises a cryostat and detector, an electrical amplifier, and a counter;
the cryostat is used for keeping the detection module at a preset temperature, and converting detection light reflected by a target output by the scanning transceiver module into an electric signal through the detector and transmitting the electric signal to the electrical amplifier;
the electrical amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal obtained by the detector;
the counter is used for recording the photon number of the detection light reflected back by the target.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging module is further configured to control the timing of the broad spectrum light source based on the data of the photon count such that the timing of the broad spectrum light source and the imaging module is the same.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the broad spectrum light source comprises a femtosecond laser source in the visible and infrared bands, an amplified spontaneous emission source combined with an electro-optical modulator, or a supercontinuum source.
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