CN106646510A - Photon marking based first photon laser imaging system - Google Patents
Photon marking based first photon laser imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106646510A CN106646510A CN201610826918.0A CN201610826918A CN106646510A CN 106646510 A CN106646510 A CN 106646510A CN 201610826918 A CN201610826918 A CN 201610826918A CN 106646510 A CN106646510 A CN 106646510A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
- G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
Abstract
The invention relates to a photon marking based first photon laser imaging system, which comprises a photon coding system, an 1*N laser array (2), a light path turning element (3), a two-dimensional scanning device (4), a beam focusing element (6), a photon decoding system (7), a 1*N single-photon detector array (8), a multichannel time-correlated single photon counting system (9) and a control and data acquisition system (10). The first photon laser imaging system adopts a photon marking algorithm and a high repetition frequency first photon imaging algorithm, can overcome a problem that the pulse repletion frequency of an existing first photon laser imaging system is limited and difficult to be improved, improves the data acquisition speed of the first photon laser imaging system, and shortens the first photon laser imaging time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical image technology field and photon counting technique of laser imaging field, being related to one kind can be quick
The first photon laser imaging system of imaging.
Background technology
Traditional laser radar adopts linear probing system, thousands of photons is included in laser echo pulse, by higher
Signal to noise ratio echo-signal is detected from ambient noise, this high Laser emission energy limits laser repetition rate, number
According to sample rate and maximum operating range.In order to solve this problem, laser radar is just towards low emitted energy, Gao Zhongying, height
The direction of sensitive detection is developed, and photon counting laser three-dimensional imaging technology is most commonly that at present, with U.S. NASA, MIT woods
Willing laboratory is representative, using Gao Zhongying, low-energy laser emitter and highly sensitive single-photon detector, by linear probing
Echo waveform comprising a large amount of photons detection under system is converted to " counting " for single echo photo-event, fully applies
Energy in echo-signal.But, in order to signal is extracted from ambient noise and dark counting, the system is needed using many
Individual photo-event accumulation method, then each pixel remains that accumulation dozens of photon.
The current first photon imaging technology for proposing adopts Geiger mode angular position digitizer single-photon detector, echo-signal energy to be less than 0.1
Per pulse, system is no longer imaged individual photon by the method for photo-event accumulation, but from the first photon of explorer response
The reflectivity and elevation information of target are obtained in step-by-step counting and delay time, while rejecting background using first photon imaging algorithm
The impact of noise, will be expected to greatly simplify laser radar system, further reduction system wanting to power consumption, aperture of mirror of looking in the distance etc.
Ask.But, in order to obtain the accurate time information of first photon, the repetition rate of current head photon imaging technical requirements laser instruments
F≤c/2s, wherein c are the lighies velocity, and s is the distance of target relative laser radar.Once the repetition rate of laser instrument exceedes this threshold
Value, respond photon temporal information be possible to cycle aliasing occur, so as to cannot correctly be finally inversed by target reflectivity information and
Elevation information.Also, current first photon imaging system is operated under the conditions of extremely low echo strength, when explorer response it is first
The light period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, laser instrument needs to launch multiple pulses, and the restriction of repetition rate often causes the time lengthening of system data acquisition,
So as to affect the ageing of system imaging, it is unfavorable for its target scene imaging to moving or changing, in the application with very big
Limitation.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being:Under the conditions of existing first photon laser imaging system high repetition frequency can be overcome
There is the deficiency of cycle aliasing in the temporal information of response photon, breaks through the limited difficult problem of the system pulses repetition rate, there is provided one
Kind can under the conditions of extremely low echo signal intensity fast imaging first photon laser imaging system.
The present invention technical solution be:A kind of first photon laser imaging system marked based on photon, including photon
Coded system, 1 × N laser arrays, light path turn back element, two-dimensional scanner, telescopic optical system, light beam focus on unit
Part, photon solution code system, 1 × N single-photon detector arrays, multichannel Single Photon Counting system and control and number
According to acquisition system;N is positive integer;
Described photon coded system controls 1 according to control and the control instruction of data collecting system using on-off circuit
The driving power supply of the laser diode in × N laser arrays in each laser instrument, makes the N number of laser in 1 × N laser arrays
Device, in a paracycle T, at regular intervals T/N, launches successively the markd single photon arteries and veins of band of narrow spaces
Punching;The single photon pulses of N number of laser instrument transmitting finally turn back mirror, two-dimensional scanner to mesh by closing beam along same light path Jing
Mark transmitting;Echo optical signal Jing telescopic optical systems, light beam concentrating element arrival photon solution code system that target is reflected back, light
After subsolution code system will be spatially separating with markd single photon pulses, correspondence is delivered to 1 × N single-photon detector arrays and is visited
Survey;1 × N single-photon detectors array is by the signal output for detecting at most channel time correlated single photon number system and control
With data collecting system, the information with markd single photon pulses is extracted, afterwards by Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithms
Data are carried out with inverting and denoising, the albedo image and elevation map picture of final display target.
Each single-photon detector is operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer in 1 × N single-photon detectors array.
The coding form of described photon coded system is polarization encoder or Wavelength-encoding, described photon solution code system pair
Light splitting is carried out using polarization beam apparatus in the single photon pulses of polarization encoder, for the single photon pulses of Wavelength-encoding adopt grating
Light splitting.
Described multichannel Single Photon Counting system is connected with the output of 1 × N number of single-photon detector, record
Reach the time delay of first single photon pulses of 1 × N single-photon detector arrays.
Described control is connected with data collecting system with the input of photon coded system, by instruction control photon coding
The switch of system;Simultaneously control is connected with data collecting system with the output of 1 × N single-photon detector arrays, recorded up to 1 ×
The coding information of first single photon pulses of N single-photon detector arrays and step-by-step counting;Control simultaneously and data acquisition system
System is connected with the output of multichannel Single Photon Counting system, and storage reaches the first of 1 × N single-photon detector arrays
Time delay of individual single photon pulses, and to the information of the markd single photon pulses of band, including coding information, step-by-step counting and
Time delay, carry out inverting and denoising, the elevation map picture of final display target and albedo image.
Present invention beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
(1) present system only needs addition using the method for photon mark in original first photon imaging system-based
Photon code device and photon decoding apparatus, while under the auxiliary of 1 × N laser arrays and 1 × N single photon detection arrays,
The upper limit of the repetition rate that first photon imaging system is allowed is promoted to N times of prior art, reduces the first photon imaging time,
The specific aim of imaging and ageing is improve, with higher temporal resolution;
(2) the photon coded system that present system is related to adopts each of on-off circuit control 1 × N laser arrays to swash
Light device timesharing sends the pulse for carrying label information, and the pulse of each laser instrument transmitting passes through to close beam, by the light path being completely superposed, Jing
Mirror, two-dimensional scanner turn back to objective emission, without the need for the former scanning means of adjustment, the position of telescopic optical system, it is to avoid compile
The use of electro-optic crystal and the circuit design of complexity during code, increase the stability of system.
(3) the photon labeling method that present system is related to is using the information such as polarization or wavelength coding, photon solution code system
It is a passive beam splitting system, without the need for photodetection in decoding process, different coding information will be carried merely with optical instrument
Photon is spatially separating, and does not consume the photon energy for imaging, the power consumption without the need for increasing transmitting terminal laser instrument.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of first photon laser imaging system schematic diagram marked based on single photon of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a- Fig. 2 b are respectively system schematic of the photon coded system of the present invention under polarization, Wavelength-encoding form;
Fig. 3 a- Fig. 3 b are respectively system schematic of the photon solution code system of the present invention under polarization, Wavelength-encoding form;
Fig. 4 a- Fig. 4 b are respectively S-polarization, the P polarization single photon pulses that present system is obtained under polarization encoder form
Pulse-counting data the simulation experiment result;Fig. 4 c- Fig. 4 d are respectively the S that present system is obtained under polarization encoder form
Polarization, the simulation experiment result of the delay time data of P polarization single photon pulses.
Fig. 5 a- Fig. 5 d be respectively the 635nm that present system obtains under Wavelength-encoding form, 650nm, 660nm,
The simulation experiment result of the step-by-step counting of 670nm single photon pulses;Fig. 5 e- Fig. 5 h are respectively present system in Wavelength-encoding shape
The simulation experiment result of the delay time data of 635nm, 650nm, 660nm, 670nm single photon pulses obtained under formula.
Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 d are respectively the albedo image and elevation map picture of the target scene to be measured of present system;Fig. 6 b, figure
6e is respectively the step-by-step counting figure of the single photon pulses that present system exports each detector and time delay figure;Fig. 6 c, figure
6f is respectively albedo image and elevation map picture of the present system using Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithm invertings and after denoising.
Specific embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of first photon laser imaging system marked based on photon, encodes including photon as shown in Figure 1
System 1,1 × N laser arrays 2, light path turn back element 3, two-dimensional scanner 4, telescopic optical system 5, light beam focus on unit
Part 6, photon solution code system 7,1 × N single-photon detectors array 8, multichannel Single Photon Counting system 9 and control with
Data collecting system 10, wherein, the monochromatic light of photon coded system 1 and the composition transmitting carrying label information of 1 × N laser arrays 2
Subpulse light source;Photon solution code system 7 is placed at the focal plane of light beam concentrating element 6, before single-photon detector array 8, is passed through
The single photon for carrying different label informations is spatially separating.Control develops into software kit on computers with data collecting system 10
Operation, issues a command to photon coded system 1 controlling 1 × N laser arrays 2 and launches single photon pulses in order, record and locates
Reason reaches the information of the single photon pulses of 1 × N single-photon detectors array 8, and carries out inverting and denoising, display target to data
Elevation map picture and albedo image.
Described photon coded system 1 according to control and the control instruction of data collecting system 10, by on-off circuit control
The driving power supply of the laser diode in laser array processed 2 in each laser instrument, allows in laser array 2 N number of laser instrument successively
The markd single photon pulses of band of transmitting narrow spaces;The single photon pulses of N number of laser instrument transmitting pass through to close beam, finally along same
Light path Jing turns back mirror 3, two-dimensional scanner 4 to objective emission;The echo optical signal Jing telescopic optical systems that target is reflected back
5th, light beam concentrating element 6 reaches photon solution code system 7, and photon solution code system 7 will be spatially separating with markd single photon pulses
Afterwards, correspondence is delivered to 1 × N single-photon detectors array 8 and is detected;1 × N single-photon detectors array 8 is by the signal for detecting
Output at most channel time correlated single photon number system 9 and control and data collecting system 10, extract with markd list
The information of photon pulse, afterwards control carries out inverting using Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithms with data collecting system 10 to data
And denoising, the elevation map picture of final display target and albedo image.
As shown in Fig. 2 the present invention has polarization encoder, two kinds of forms of Wavelength-encoding.As shown in Fig. 2 (a), compiled using polarization
Code, such as S-polarization and P polarization, that is, take the situation of N=2.Define each laser instrument in 1 × N laser arrays to press between the equal time
Every successively launch a single photon pulses as one paracycle T, then the size of time interval be T/N.One paracycle T
Interior, the on-off circuit in photon polarization encoder system 1 controls the driving power supply of laser diode, allows laser instrument 11 to send out at 0 moment
Go out the single photon pulses of S-polarization, laser instrument 12 sends the single photon pulses of P polarization, the single photon pulses of S-polarization at the T/2 moment
Jing polarization beam apparatus 15 reflect, the single photon pulses Jing polarization beam apparatus 15 of P polarization are transmitted, S, P polarization single photon pulses most
Launch along identical light path eventually.Wherein, the polarization of laser instrument 11,12 is modulated by the polarizer after laser instrument is added in, after laser instrument
Plus suitable attenuator, for the emitted energy of laser instrument 11,12 of decaying, and adjust the exomonental energy of laser instrument 11,12
Amount makes exomonental average photon number equal.As shown in Fig. 2 (b), using Wavelength-encoding, such as four kinds of different wavelength, i.e. N=
4 situation.Within a paracycle, the on-off circuit in photon wavelength coded system 1 controls the driving power supply of laser diode,
Laser instrument 11 is allowed to send wavelength for λ at 0 moment1Single photon pulses, laser instrument 12 sends wavelength for λ at the T/4 moment2Monochromatic light
Subpulse, laser instrument 13 sends wavelength for λ at the T/2 moment3Single photon pulses, laser instrument 14 sends wavelength and is at the 3T/4 moment
λ4Single photon pulses, λ1、λ2、λ3The single photon pulses of wavelength are corresponded to respectively through turning back mirror 16,17,18, spectroscope 19,20,
21, with λ4Light path merge, finally along identical light path launch.Wherein, four wavelength Xs1、λ2、λ3、λ4Size is close to, and observes
Target is approximately the same to the reflectivity of these wavelength.Mirror 16,17,18 turn back respectively to wavelength X1、λ2、λ3Photon total reflection, it is thin
The plated surface of film spectroscope 19,20,21 difference film layer, makes film spectroscope 19,20,21 only to λ1、λ2、λ3Photon reflection, to it
The photon transmission of his wavelength.Here by taking the photon coded system of four wavelength as an example, but the present invention is not limited only to four wavelength.
As shown in figure 3, the present invention has polarization decoding, two kinds of forms of wavelength decoding.As shown in Fig. 3 (a), photon polarization decoding
In system, polarizing beam splitter mirror 22 is placed at the focal plane of beam forming system, and the photon of S-polarization is reflected to single photon in echo-signal
Detector 81, the photon of P polarization is reflected to single-photon detector 82, and the output signal of single-photon detector 81,82 is delivered to many
Channel time correlated single photon number system 9, k-th paracycle, if first photon of response is S-polarization photon, pulse
Counting is denoted as 2k-1, if first photon of response is P polarization photon, step-by-step counting is denoted as 2k, and step-by-step counting is delivered to into control
With data collecting system 10, data inversion and denoising are carried out with Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithms, algorithm refers to document (Ahmed
Kirmani,Dheera Venkatraman,Dongeek Shin,AndreaFranco N.C.Wong,Jeffrey
H.Shapiro,Vivek K Goyal,First Photon Imaging,Science,Vol.343,Issue 6166,
pp.58-61(2014)).As shown in Fig. 3 (b), in photon wavelength solution code system, echo-signal is by a slit 23 and collimation
Mirror 24 becomes directional light directive dispersion element 25, and directional light is divided into various monochromatic light by dispersion element 25, and imaging lens 26 are by space
Upper scattered monochromatic light is collected and is focused on corresponding single-photon detector 81-84, the output of single-photon detector 81-84
Signal delivers to multichannel Single Photon Counting system 9, in k-th paracycle of single photon pulses transmitting, if single photon
81,82,83 or 84 pairs of single photon pulses of detector produce first response, and corresponding step-by-step counting is denoted as 4k-3,4k-2,4k-1
Or 4k, step-by-step counting afterwards is sent to control and data collecting system 10, and with Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithms, to carry out data anti-
Drill and denoising.Wherein, dispersion element 25 is plane grating, and single-photon detector 81-84 is by the suitable decay of front addition
Piece, makes four single-photon detectors to the size modulations of the detection efficient of four wavelength to unanimously.Here by taking four wavelength as an example
Analysis, but the present invention is not limited only to four wavelength.
Carry out specifically with reference to the example first photon laser imaging system marked based on single photon a kind of to the present invention
Bright, target scene to be detected is a military USAF target, possesses 600 × 600 pixels, and the span of its reflectivity is
[0,1], the span of elevation information is [2.5m, 3.5m].The pulse recurrence frequency of each laser instrument of laser imaging system
For 10MHz.Laser array is imaged to target scene by the way of the scanning of pixel one by one, the single photon to each pixel transmitting
The sum of pulse is less than 1000.After single photon tagging scheme, the pulsimeter that control is obtained with data collecting system 10
Several spans is [0,1000/N].When recording time delay, multichannel Single Photon Counting system 9 is in a weight
Time delay detection window in the frequency cycle is [10/3ns, 70/3ns], and temporal resolution is 20/3ps, then time delay detection
The corresponding time interval number of window is [0,3000].Due to target to be detected in this example height value be [2.5m, 3.5m], institute
The span of the time delay corresponding time interval number of survey is [2000,3000].
It is illustrated in figure 4 present system application photon polarization to mark the S-polarization and P that during single photon pulses, are obtained
The step-by-step counting of polarization single photon pulses and the initial data of time delay.Polarization encoder scheme and decoding scheme are respectively such as Fig. 2
Shown in (a) and Fig. 3 (a).Tested by numbered analog simulation, be 5.7965s based on the imaging time of the scheme of marking of polarization, than
The imaging time 11.5849s of the scheme not marked using single photon, imaging time shortens 50%.
When being illustrated in figure 5 present system application Wavelength-encoding and wavelength decoding, four kinds of wavelength single photon arteries and veins of acquisition
The step-by-step counting of punching and the initial data of time delay.Wherein, take lambad labeling single photon pulses have 635nm, 650nm,
Tetra- kinds of 660nm, 670nm, Wavelength-encoding scheme and decoding scheme are respectively as shown in Fig. 2 (b) and Fig. 3 (b).It is imitative according to numerical simulation
True experiment, the total imaging time of the scheme based on lambad labeling be 2.9024s, the imaging time of the scheme than marking without photon
11.5849s, imaging time shortens 75%.
As Fig. 6 (a) show the reflectance map of the target scene to be measured of present system, the wherein reflectivity of target scene
Between [0,1].As Fig. 6 (b) show the pulse-counting data of the single photon pulses that present system exports each detector
Step-by-step counting figure after being integrated into together.As Fig. 6 (c) show present system using Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithm invertings
With the reflectivity picture after denoising.As Fig. 6 (d) show the elevation map of the target scene to be measured of present system, wherein, target field
The elevation information of scape is at [2.5m, 3.5m].As Fig. 6 (e) show the single photon pulses that present system exports each detector
Delay time data be integrated into together after time delay figure, such as Fig. 6 (f) show present system using Gao Zhongying head light
Elevation picture after sub- imaging algorithm inverting and denoising.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of based on photon mark first photon laser imaging system, it is characterised in that:Including photon coded system (1), 1 ×
N laser arrays (2), light path are turned back element (3), two-dimensional scanner (4), telescopic optical system (5), light beam concentrating element
(6), photon solution code system (7), 1 × N single-photon detector arrays (8), multichannel Single Photon Counting system (9) with
And control and data collecting system (10);N is positive integer;
Described photon coded system (1) according to control and the control instruction of data collecting system (10), using on-off circuit control
The driving power supply of the laser diode in system 1 × N laser arrays (2) in each laser instrument, in making 1 × N laser arrays (2)
N number of laser instrument, in a paracycle T, at regular intervals T/N, launches successively the markd list of band of narrow spaces
Photon pulse;The single photon pulses of N number of laser instrument transmitting are finally turned back mirror (3), two-dimensional scan by closing beam along same light path Jing
Device (4) is to objective emission;Echo optical signal Jing telescopic optical systems (5) that target is reflected back, light beam concentrating element (6) are arrived
Up to photon solution code system (7), after photon solution code system (7) will be spatially separating with markd single photon pulses, correspondence delivers to 1 ×
N single-photon detector arrays (8) is detected;1 × N single-photon detector arrays (8) at most leads to the signal output for detecting
Road Single Photon Counting system (9) and control and data collecting system (10), extract with markd single photon arteries and veins
Data are carried out inverting and denoising, the reflection of final display target by the information of punching by Gao Zhongying head photon imaging algorithms afterwards
Rate image and elevation map picture.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on photon mark first photon laser imaging system, it is characterised in that:It is described
Each single-photon detector is operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer in 1 × N single-photon detector arrays (8).
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on photon mark first photon laser imaging system, it is characterised in that:It is described
The coding form of photon coded system (1) be polarization encoder or Wavelength-encoding, described photon solution code system (7) is for polarization
The single photon pulses of coding carry out light splitting using polarization beam apparatus, for the single photon pulses of Wavelength-encoding adopt grating beam splitting.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on photon mark first photon laser imaging system, it is characterised in that:It is described
Multichannel Single Photon Counting system (9) be connected with the output of 1 × N number of single-photon detector, recorded up to 1 × N
The time delay of first single photon pulses of single-photon detector array (8).
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on photon mark first photon laser imaging system, it is characterised in that:It is described
Control be connected with data collecting system (10) with the input of photon coded system (1), by instruction control photon coded system
(1) switch;Control simultaneously is connected with data collecting system (10) with the output of 1 × N single-photon detector arrays (8), records
Reach coding information and the step-by-step counting of first single photon pulses of 1 × N single-photon detector arrays (8);Simultaneously control with
Data collecting system (10) is connected with the output of multichannel Single Photon Counting system (9), and storage reaches 1 × N monochromatic lights
The time delay of first single photon pulses of sub- detector array (8), and to the information of the markd single photon pulses of band, bag
Coding information, step-by-step counting and time delay are included, inverting and denoising, the elevation map picture of final display target and reflectance map is carried out
Picture.
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