CN102901564B - Complementary-measurement time resolution single-photon spectrum counting imaging system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a complementary-measurement time resolution single-photon spectrum counting imaging system and method. The system consists of an optical portion and an electric portion, the optical portion images light on a spatial light modulator, light is modulated and then emitted to two arm directions to be aligned and split, and the electric portion completes detection, control, calculation and the like. The method includes that invisible light and near infrared single-photon detector linear arrays simultaneously detect spectrums of emergent light of two arms of the spatial light modulator, one arm detects visible light spectrum while the other arm detects near infrared spectrum, complementary measurement, maximum luminous flux and high sensitivity can be realized; picosecond time resolution of a periodic object is realized by means of time amplitude variation or delay gate width counting, and second time resolution of a non-periodic object is realized by means of measurement frame by frame; color video frame sequences of visible light and near infrared light can be obtained simultaneously by means of associated compression sensing algorithm according to matrix complementation, and imaging quality is improved while imaging speed is increased; and time resolution spectrograms are counted up for spectral analysis.

Description

A kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system and method for complementary measurement

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of Time-resolved imaging spectrum, particularly a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement counting imaging system and method.

Background technology

At Time-resolved imaging spectrum, biotic component detects, starry sky is surveyed, night vision, remotely sensed image, imaging of medical, the high-tech areas such as field such as quantum dot imaging, present stage is more and more obvious to can survey to time resolution the demand of visible light and near infrared light spectrum simultaneously, in addition traditional Time-resolved imaging spectrometer has spatial resolution and temporal resolution cannot meet defective simultaneously, and imaging and spectrum generally need two specialized equipment equipment just can complete, the responding range of spectrum is also very limited, this just needs a kind of new Time-resolved imaging system to improve temporal resolution, spatial resolution and spectral resolution, and survey when realizing visible ray and near infrared light.

The present invention is the improvement and bring new ideas based on previous work.In this field, this research institute has a patent " a kind of time-resolved extreme-low-light multispectral imaging system and method " (application number or the patent No.: 201110328748.0, applicant or patentee: Space Sci. & Application Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences), this patent is that the forefathers of this institute work, object is to do time resolution utmost point low light level multispectral imaging, it is characterized in that, this system is only provided with single photon counter linear array in the single armed exit direction of spatial light modulator, lose the luminous flux of half, only the visible ray composition of object of observation is done to other time resolution utmost point low light level multispectral imaging of single-photon-level, the time resolution scheme that it provides relies on trigger to realize, time resolution low precision, can only reach a second level, and only can do imaging analysis, can not provide time resolved spectroscopy figure, algorithm speed is slow, image quality is poor, cannot tackle high-resolution testing image.For solving above a series of problem, the present invention proposes a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system and method for complementary measurement, survey and realize complementary measurement and minimum loss of light with both arms, visible ray and the near infrared light spectral component of detecting object simultaneously, detector adopts the single-photon detector linear array of visible ray and near infrared light, highly sensitive, and with time amplitude variation change or the mode of time delay counting gate-width realizes the picosecond time-resolved to utmost point low light level object, obtain the color video frame sequence of visible ray and near infrared light with associated compressed sensing algorithm simultaneously, image quality and speed are improved, count time resolved spectroscopy figure so that spectral analysis, will be at Time-resolved imaging spectrum, biologic medical, in the fields such as quantum dot imaging, play a significant role.

Light spectrum image-forming is obtain and show the important technology of accurate colouring information, and one of reason is that spectrum picture has comprised spectral information, and former two is therefore that light spectrum image-forming technology has overcome metamerism phenomenon well.Light spectrum image-forming to utmost point low light level object has wide practical use at multiple fields especially.

So-called time resolution is exactly the interval in dimension resolving time, and ultrahigh time resolution refers to observing the transient process of physics and chemistry and can differentiate its time, in liquid phase, a lot of physics and chemistry processes, as the transfer of the cis-trans isomerization of molecule and directed relaxation, electric charge and proton, excited state molecule collision predissociation, energy transmission and fluorescence lifetime and electronics solvation etc. in water, only need 10 ^-8second just can complete, only have the analytical instrument of the time resolution precision by psec just likely to observe in time the process that these are exceedingly fast.The TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE of main flow mainly contains fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), two-photon fluorescence life-span micro-imaging, fluorescence lifetime correlation spectrum (FCS) technology and various dimensions fluorescence lifetime microtechnic.In the present invention, just want to carry out photon detection within the extremely short time interval.

Photon counting imaging is exactly a kind of utmost point weak light detection technology, and by being recorded as the photon counting of image position, counting is equivalent to intensity signal, so obtain the space distribution situation of light intensity, finally add up piece image, generally adopt low light level bin detector, as ICCD, EMCCD, APDs etc.The bin detector certain hour (integral time) that need to expose in the time that the utmost point low light level is surveyed, average luminous flux to unit picture element is minimum, adds the impact of dark counting, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is poor, extremely difficult accurately reckoning drops on the light intensity value on this pixel, has the problem of sensitivity.Wherein ICCD, EMCCD are known as and can accomplish single photon detection, but need degree of depth semiconductor refrigerating, cost costliness, ICCD spatial resolution is poor, time resolution precision reaches nanosecond rank, and EMCCD spatial resolution is slightly good, but time resolution only reaches a millisecond magnitude, and the common issue of existence is all under the low light level, to be difficult to noise of instrument to control or linear output; And APDs can be operated in Geiger mode angular position digitizer, but be still in conceptual phase, and high-precision APD array is difficult to manufacture and flow, the APD array that Lincoln laboratory is externally announced also only has 64 × 256 pixels, and to China's embargo, and current APD array wavelength response range is very limited, only in visual wave band reach quantum efficiency peak value, because each pixel is minimum, the necessary mean allocation of luminous flux is on whole array, and the impact of shot noise will become very remarkable so.

Wave bands such as that although the response spectrum scope of current single photon detection element has covered is infrared, visible rays, for single single photon detection element, its response spectrum narrow range, is generally used for surveying the light of single-frequency.Present multiple single photon detection element linear combines, and just can be used to survey the light of multiple wavelength, can do spectral analysis.

Described compressed sensing (Compressive Sensing, being called for short CS) theory is the brand-new mathematical theory being proposed by the people such as Donoho, Candes and Tao, realize with the mode of stochastic sampling, data sampling number (far below the limit of Nyquist/Shannon's sampling theorem) still less and carry out ideally restoring signal, and there is more high robust.The first compression sampling of this principle, is shone upon measured signal it is sampled to low-dimensional by higher-dimension, chooses suitable sparse transformation framework Ψ, makes x through Ψ conversion gained vector be sparse, then, according to observation data y, measurement matrix A and framework Ψ, solve finally by be finally inversed by x.

Described spatial light modulator (Spatial Light Modulator, be called for short SLM) be that a class can load on information on the optical data field of one dimension or bidimensional, under the control of time dependent electric drive signal or other signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that can modulate photodistributed intensity on space, the light of the angle incident specifying by spatial light modulator can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, the general state that adopts two-value to characterize reflection direction, common spatial light modulator has Digital Micromirror Device, liquid crystal light valve, frosted glass etc.Wherein, Digital Micromirror Device (Digital Micro-mirror Device is called for short DMD), is the most accurate in the world photoswitch.The core of DMD is arranged on the micro mirror array that the micro-reflector on hinge form (DMD of main flow is by 1024 × 768 array formation by thousands of, maximum can be to 2048 × 1152), each eyeglass is of a size of 14 μ m × 14 μ m(or 16 μ m × 16 μ m) and light that can a pixel of break-make, these micro mirrors are all suspending, carry out electronic addressing by the storage unit under each eyeglass with scale-of-two planed signal, just can allow each eyeglass tilt to both sides with electrostatic means, this two states is designated as to 1 and 0, respectively corresponding " opening " and " pass ", in the time that eyeglass is not worked, they are in " berthing " state of 0 °.The principle that incident light can be reflected to both direction based on spatial light modulator, at two arm reflection directions, visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are set respectively, obtain visible ray half-tone information and near infrared light half-tone information with this simultaneously, there is fabulous development prospect.

How to realize the high-quality image-forming spectral measurement to utmost point low light level object, how to evade the restriction of mechanical scanning to imaging resolution, how to reduce dimension and the measurement scale measured, how to improve time resolution precision, this proposes new challenge to imaging spectral, the present invention makes up the defect of prior art in signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with high flux, survey the observation that realizes visible ray and near infrared light with both arms, with time the amplitude variation technology of changing or count gate-width time delay obtain Picosecond, use compressed sensing theory to improve image quality and reduce measurement scale.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to, for solving visible ray and the near infrared light composition changes in distribution situation spatially of the ground of time resolution simultaneously observed objects, improve temporal resolution, spatial resolution and spectral resolution, to meet the tight demand to physical chemistry biology transient changing process observation, thereby a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system and method for complementary measurement are proposed.

The present invention is in conjunction with compressed sensing theory, complementary measurement technology, TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE and spectrum light splitting technology, both arms are surveyed, and utilize associated compressed sensing algorithm to reconstruct the visible ray of object of observation and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition and time resolved spectroscopy figure.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system of complementary measurement, it is characterized in that, described system comprises:

Pulsed laser, optical imagery parts, spatial light modulator, first group of receipts optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part, second group of receipts optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part, visible ray single-photon detector linear array, near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, hyperchannel counter, randomizer, system control platform, reading and writing data storer and processing module;

Described pulsed laser excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence lifetime has certain transient state, this fluorescence is imaged in described spatial light modulator via optical imagery parts, be subject to its random optical modulation after emergent light be assigned in two arm directions with certain probability;

Receive optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part and visible ray single-photon detector linear array and be arranged in the first arm direction, export some pulse waveforms for surveying visible light for described first group; Receive optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array and be arranged in the second arm direction, export some pulse waveforms for surveying near infrared light spectrum for described second group;

Described multi channel detector is connected with near infrared light single-photon detector linear array with described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and receives input pulse waveform wherein, and waveform is carried out to filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number;

Described system control platform sends instruction to randomizer, and controls the running of whole system;

The output terminal of described randomizer is connected with the input end of spatial light modulator, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, by random measurement Output matrix after treatment to spatial light modulator;

Described reading and writing data storer is stored the random measurement matrix on some batch total numerical value, time dimension information, passage corresponding wavelength information and randomizer on hyperchannel counter;

Described processing module, for adopting restructing algorithm to reconstruct the visible ray of object of observation and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition and time resolved spectroscopy figure according to the information of reading and writing data memory stores, and then Time-resolved imaging in any wavelengths of interest is analyzed.

In technique scheme, described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are operated in by several corresponding different wave lengths the linear array that the single photon point probe under Geiger mode angular position digitizer forms, can select respectively at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band the single photon point detecting element of several corresponding different wave lengths, described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and the residing position of near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are interchangeable, and described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array detection mode adopt fiber optic collimator or Free-space coupling.

In technique scheme, described system also comprises chronotron;

Described hyperchannel counter further comprises: counting module and time width conversion module, for realizing counting and time resolution function; When adopting photon mode time of arrival acquisition time to differentiate, time, width conversion module enables, and described chronotron does not enable; When adopting the mode of time delay counting gate-width, time, width conversion module does not enable, and described chronotron enables;

Described chronotron, sends gate-control signal for counting module to hyperchannel counter, can time delay gate-width rising edge or time of arrival of negative edge, and the time period of this time delay, this time resolution precision reached 20ps as the time subsegment in the corresponding transient state cycle;

Described chronotron can carry out replacement of function by the time width conversion module in hyperchannel counter, this time-amplitude conversion module is for being converted into the time of the photon of acquisition voltage form and being recorded in respective channel, and press photon and time of arrival photon number segmentation is divided, statistics obtains the multistage stored counts in each time interval in the transient state cycle, and time resolution precision reaches 5ps;

In addition, in the case of the object to be measured changing non-periodic, establish object and almost remain unchanged within a certain short period, adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, after the visible ray in having surveyed sometime and near infrared light spectrum, survey in next time, time resolution precision reaches a second level again.

In technique scheme, described system control platform further comprises:

Make energy control module, for controlling enabling of each parts, i.e. transmission driving enable signal is issued above-mentioned each parts makes it start normal work;

Synchronization control module, for realizing synchronous between laser pulse and photon counting; With

Matrixing module, for controlling the replacement of the conversion of random array and its upper stochastic matrix and adjusting accordingly before the transient state cycle starts or after end.

In technique scheme, described first group of spectrum light splitting part and second group of spectrum light splitting part include: optical alignment part, light splitting part, measurement of angle part, photometric observation and measure portion;

Described spatial light modulator refers under the control of time dependent signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that photodistributed intensity on space is modulated, the light of the angle incident specifying by spatial light modulator can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, its direction also needs not be certain fixed angle, can be limited within the scope of certain angle, what described random optical modulation referred to modulation matrix in spatial light modulator is very random, generally adopts two-value to characterize the state of reflection direction;

In the time that utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, need on any light path position before visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, attenuator be set, for light decay being reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array.

The time resolution single photon spectrum counting formation method that a kind of complementary measurement is also provided based on said system the present invention, described method comprises:

Step 101) pulsed laser beats laser on object at set intervals, excite object to send fluorescence, this fluorescence is as utmost point low light level object, described fluorescence is imaged in spatial light modulator by optical imagery parts, and spatial light modulator carries out after random optical modulation light is assigned in two arm exit directions it according to random measurement matrix;

Step 102) utilize visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array to carry out both arms to survey the band of visible ray and near infrared light wave band simultaneously, using photon counting as measured value;

Step 103) rebuild the visible ray of object and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition according to described measured value, time dimension information and random measurement matrix by compressed sensing algorithm, and output time resolved light spectrogram is for spectral analysis.

In technique scheme, described step 101) by spatial light modulator, the light being incident on it is carried out to random optical modulation, making two-way emergent light invest follow-up first group with certain probability respectively receives optical alignment parts and visible ray single-photon detector linear array and second group and receives optical alignment parts and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, carry out both arms detection, wherein singly see certain time subsegment, hits M is much smaller than the signal dimension N in this time subsegment, to complete measured signal compression sampling in visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band.

In technique scheme, step 103) the time resolution strategy that adopts of described time resolved spectroscopy figure is the one in following two kinds:

Strategy one, visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, using the pulse waveform of laser as with reference to pulse, open laser, excite object fluorescence, fluorescent photon is recorded in corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reach the time by photon photon number is carried out to segmentation division, count the stored count of d time subsegment in one-period, then in spatial light modulator, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, and each time subsegment is done to algorithm and rebuild, catch the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts,

Strategy two, visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, open laser, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment in the transient state cycle, within every subtransient cycle, only survey once, after gate-width time delay, survey once again, the count value difference of twice is as the count value in time subsegment, method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, then in spatial light modulator, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, each time subsegment is done to algorithm rebuilds, catch the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts.

In technique scheme, described reconstruction algorithm adopts sparse reconstruction algorithm, and specific strategy is:

In each time subsegment, in visible ray and near infrared light, get one group of measured value y and y ', wherein y for each _iwith corresponding stochastic matrix a respectively _ibenefit with matrix be I-a, by a _iwith be stretched to respectively a line, respectively as visible ray in this time subsegment measure matrix A and near infrared light measure matrix A ' in i capable, measure M time, measure matrix all to amount to M capable for two, if visible ray and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array have respectively P point and Q point, the measured value of two arms has respectively P group and Q group, every group all amounts to M dimension, if two arms in each time subsegment are respectively specifically chosen 3 groups of data, utilize associated compressed sensing algorithm just can reconstruct object of observation in this time subsegment coloured image at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, wherein the coloured image of near infrared light wave band is marked, choose from big to small three kinds of infrared wavelengths by wavelength and be designated red green blue tricolor, get one group of data if appoint and just can carry out the constituent analysis of this wavelength, binding time dimensional information, just can obtain the color video frame sequence of the space distribution dynamic change of visible ray composition and near infrared light composition.

In technique scheme, the counting of each passage in each time subsegment is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.

Compared with prior art the invention has the advantages that: the present invention is with compressed sensing theory, complementary measurement technology, TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE and spectrum light splitting technology are basis, using visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array as detecting element, reflected light in spatial light modulator is carried out to both arms detection, to obtain spectrum dimension, the information parameters such as time dimension, and the intensity of utilizing spectrum to tie up is that photon counting information is finally inversed by space two-dimensional information, greatly save and survey dimension, improve like this luminous flux, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) also improves thereupon, and this spatial discrimination precision calculating is much larger than the obtainable spatial discrimination precision of bin detector, image quality is higher, profit can be embodied as picture in this way and spectrum obtains simultaneously, also no longer need to utilize scanning to obtain relevant dimensional information, while utilization, amplitude variation changes or the mode of time delay counting gate-width is obtained Picosecond precision simultaneously, adopt the mode of complementary measurement, visible ray and near infrared light are surveyed and can be carried out simultaneously, wavelength wide coverage, and the feature that Matrix Complementarity is measured in improved associated compressed sensing algorithm utilization has been dwindled calculated amount, improve algorithm reconstruction precision, and can the larger image of calculating pixel.

Based on above advantage and innovative point, the present invention can be widely used in the fields such as Time-resolved imaging spectrum, biotic component detection, starry sky detection, night vision, remotely sensed image, imaging of medical, quantum dot imaging.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system of complementary measurement of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the present invention, before injection, inject latter 30 seconds, inject the red green blue tricolor decomposition and reconstruction of latter 4 minutes; Wherein, Fig. 2 the 1st, 3,5 row are respectively before injection, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the frame of video of latter 4 minutes, and Fig. 2 the 2nd, 4,6 row are respectively before injection, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the reconstruction video frame of latter 4 minutes; Fig. 2 front 3 classifies visible light video frame as and decomposes gained component by R, G, B, and after Fig. 2,3 classify near infrared light frame of video as by R, G, B decomposition gained component;

Fig. 3 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the present invention, before injection, inject latter 30 seconds, inject the image that meets of the visible ray, infrared light of latter 4 minutes and two kinds; Wherein, (a), (b), (c) are from left to right followed successively by before visible ray hemostasis, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the reconstruction color video frame of latter 4 minutes, (d), (e), (f) be from left to right followed successively by before near infrared light hemostasis, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the reconstruction color video frame of latter 4 minutes, (g), (h), (i) visible images and the near infrared light image that are from left to right followed successively by before injection, inject latter 30 seconds and inject latter 4 minutes merge the color video frame obtaining;

Fig. 4 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the present invention, time resolved spectroscopy figure.

Accompanying drawing mark

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.

The invention provides a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting imaging system of complementary measurement, this system is mainly based on compressed sensing theory, for the visible ray to the object with the periodic dynamic change of transient state and near infrared light composition light spectrum image-forming simultaneously, the color video frame sequence that output is arranged in chronological order, count time resolved spectroscopy figure so that spectral analysis, described system comprises: pulsed laser, optical imagery parts, spatial light modulator, receive optical alignment parts for two groups, two groups of spectrum light splitting parts, visible ray single-photon detector linear array, near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, hyperchannel counter, randomizer, chronotron, system control platform, reading and writing data storer, processing module,

Opticator: pulsed laser excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence lifetime has certain transient state, this fluorescence is imaged in spatial light modulator (SLM) by optical imagery parts, be subject to its random optical modulation, emergent light is assigned in two arm directions with certain probability, utilize respectively receipts optical alignment parts to make the light that enters follow-up spectrum light splitting part become approximate directional light, by two groups of spectrum light splitting parts, the spectrum of visible ray and near infrared light wave band is incident upon respectively and is seen in light single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array again, survey simultaneously,

Electricity part: visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are often opened, each some pulse waveforms of output of surveying, be input to respectively in several counting channels on hyperchannel counter, carry out filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number; The reference pulse input of the pulse waveform of laser width conversion module as on hyperchannel counter time; Optionally, the output terminal of chronotron is connected with the counting module on hyperchannel counter, for controlling the gate-width of counting; System control platform sends instruction to randomizer and chronotron, and controls the normal operation of whole system electricity part; Wherein the output terminal of randomizer and the input end of spatial light modulator are connected, and gather natural stochastic source as random number source, by random measurement Output matrix after treatment to spatial light modulator; Some batch total numerical value on hyperchannel counter, time dimension information, passage corresponding wavelength information and the input as reading and writing data storer together with random measurement matrix on randomizer, reading and writing data storer is for temporary by reading and writing data; Data flow algoritic module, processing module goes out the visible ray of object of observation and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition and time resolved spectroscopy figure according to these data reconstructions, can analyze Time-resolved imaging in any wavelengths of interest.

Described single-photon detector linear array is operated in by several corresponding different wave lengths the linear array that the single photon point probe under Geiger mode angular position digitizer forms, possesses single photon resolution characteristic, select respectively the single photon point detecting element of several corresponding different wave lengths at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, many group optical filters of can arranging in pairs or groups use, in linear array of composition of visible-range, another linear array of the composition of near infrared range, be separately positioned on two arm exit directions of spatial light modulator, both positions are interchangeable, detection mode can adopt fiber optic collimator or Free-space coupling, described single-photon detector linear array also can enable certain a line or the acquisition of a certain row by avalanche diode (APD) array.

On hyperchannel counter, have counting module and time width conversion module, realize counting and time resolution function, if adopt the resolution of photon mode time of arrival acquisition time, time, width conversion module enables, and chronotron does not enable; If adopt the mode of time delay counting gate-width, time, width conversion module does not enable, and chronotron enables;

Chronotron, sends gate-control signal for counting module to hyperchannel counter, can time delay gate-width rising edge or time of arrival of negative edge, and the time period of this time delay, this time resolution precision was 20ps as the time subsegment in the corresponding transient state cycle;

Described chronotron can carry out replacement of function by the time width conversion module in hyperchannel counter, this time-amplitude conversion module is for being converted into the time of the photon of acquisition voltage form and being recorded in respective channel, and press photon and time of arrival photon number segmentation is divided, statistics obtains the multistage stored counts in each time interval in the transient state cycle, and time resolution precision is 5ps;

In the case of changing object not high non-periodic for time resolution accuracy requirement, if object almost remains unchanged within a certain short period, just change gradually through the long period, can adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, after the visible ray in having surveyed sometime and near infrared light spectrum, survey in next time, time resolution precision is a second level again.

Described system control platform, for comprising enabling of each parts, i.e. transmission driving enable signal is issued above-mentioned each parts makes it start normal work; And realize synchronous between laser pulse and photon counting; And for controlling the replacement of the conversion of random array and its upper stochastic matrix and adjusting accordingly before the transient state cycle starts or after end.

Described spectrum light splitting part comprises: optical alignment part, light splitting part, measurement of angle part, photometric observation and measure portion, for spectrum light splitting and Measurement and analysis, generally adopt prismatic decomposition or grating beam splitting; Receive optical alignment parts and coordinate it to use, for the emergent light in a certain spatial light modulator arm direction is all collected and preliminary collimation;

Described spatial light modulator refers under the control of time dependent electric drive signal or other signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that can modulate photodistributed intensity on space, the light of the angle incident specifying by spatial light modulator can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, its direction also needs not be certain fixed angle, can be limited within the scope of certain angle, what described random optical modulation referred to modulation matrix in spatial light modulator is very random, the general state that adopts two-value to characterize reflection direction, common spatial light modulator has Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), liquid crystal light valve, frosted glass etc.,

Optionally, in the time that utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, need on any light path position before single-photon detector linear array, suitable attenuator be set, for light decay being reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, if utmost point low light level light intensity is in the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, without attenuator is set again.

The present invention also proposes a kind of time resolution single photon spectrum counting formation method of complementary measurement, the method has adopted compressed sensing theory, complementary measurement technology, TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE and spectrum light splitting technology, utilize visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array to carry out both arms to survey the band of visible ray and near infrared light wave band simultaneously, using photon counting as measured value, just can reconstruct the visible ray of object and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition by compressed sensing algorithm, and output time resolved light spectrogram is for spectral analysis, described method comprises following steps:

Step 1, the step for compression sampling:

By spatial light modulator, the light being incident on it is carried out to random optical modulation, make two-way emergent light invest follow-up receipts optical alignment parts and single-photon detector linear array with certain probability respectively, carry out both arms detection, singly see certain time subsegment, hits M is much smaller than the signal dimension N in this time subsegment, to complete measured signal compression sampling in visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band;

Step 2, for time-resolved step, can adopt any one in following two kinds of strategies:

Strategy one, single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, reference pulse using the pulse waveform of laser as time-amplitude conversion module, open laser, excite object fluorescence, time-amplitude conversion module is recorded in photon in corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reach the time by photon photon number is carried out to segmentation division, count the stored count of d time subsegment in one-period, then in spatial light modulator, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, respectively each time subsegment being done to algorithm rebuilds, just can capture the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts,

Strategy two, single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, open laser, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment in the transient state cycle, within every subtransient cycle, only survey once, after gate-width time delay, survey once again, the count value difference of twice is as the count value in time subsegment, method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, then in spatial light modulator, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, respectively each time subsegment being done to algorithm rebuilds, just can capture the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts,

Step 2, the step for sparse reconstruction:

In each time subsegment, in visible ray and near infrared light, get one group of measured value y and y ', wherein y for each _iwith corresponding stochastic matrix a respectively _ibenefit with matrix be I-a, by a _iwith be stretched to respectively a line, respectively as visible ray in this time subsegment measure matrix A and near infrared light measure matrix A ' in i capable, measure M time, measure matrix all to amount to M capable for two, if visible ray and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array have respectively P point and Q point, the measured value of two arms has respectively P group and Q group, every group all amounts to M dimension, if two arms in each time subsegment are respectively specifically chosen 3 groups of data, utilize associated compressed sensing algorithm just can reconstruct object of observation in this time subsegment coloured image at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, wherein the coloured image of near infrared light wave band is marked, choose from big to small three kinds of infrared wavelengths by wavelength and be designated red green blue tricolor, get one group of data if appoint and just can carry out the constituent analysis of this wavelength, binding time dimensional information, just can obtain the color video frame sequence of the space distribution dynamic change of visible ray composition and near infrared light composition.

The counting of each passage in each time subsegment is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.

Its mathematical model is as follows:

In certain time subsegment in transient state cycle, each of visible-range and near infrared range are got a specific wavelength, respectively the signal under this two wavelength are assumed to be to column vector: x _p, sampling process can be regarded two groups of processes of measuring matrixes and two specific wavelength signals and doing inner product as, obtains two groups of observation vector y _pi, i=1,2 ..., M, p=1,2 ..., P, q=1,2 ..., Q, wherein A, (K<M < < N), e, system noise, if x be compressible or can sparse expression, wherein Ψ=[ψ ₁, ψ ₂..., ψ _n] be sparse transformation matrix (being sparse framework), be associated degree of rarefication, so, the process of compression sampling can be described as following formula:

$[y_p,y_q^{\&prime;}]=[\mathrm{A\&Psi;}{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_p+e,A^{\&prime;}\mathrm{\&Psi;}{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_q^{\&prime;}+e^{\&prime;}]$

Wherein A Ψ, A ' Ψ all needs to meet Restricted Isometry Property(RIP), A, A ' and Ψ need be uncorrelated, and due to A, A ' complementation, for meeting above-mentioned condition, only needs A to be set to two-value random measurement matrix in the present invention;

Described sparse reconstruction is at known observation data y _p, with measurement matrix A, under the condition of A ', solve x _p, this is a NP-hard problem, but is converted into l1 norm or l2 norm problem, just can solve by the thought of compressed sensing, and algorithm can divide numerous species type, as example, gets wherein a kind of common form of presentation, is described as following formula:

$\underset{{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_p}{\min }\frac{1}{2}{\left|\right|y_p-\mathrm{A\&Psi;}{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_p\left|\right|}_2^2+\mathrm{\&tau;}{\left|\right|{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_p\left|\right|}_1,\underset{{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_q^{\&prime;}}{\min }\frac{1}{2}{\left|\right|y_q^{\&prime;}-A^{\&prime;}\mathrm{\&Psi;}{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_q^{\&prime;}\left|\right|}_2^2+\mathrm{\&tau;}{\left|\right|{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}}_q^{\&prime;}\left|\right|}_1$

Wherein ‖ ... ‖ _lrepresent norm operator, only need the inferior measurement of M≤O (Klog (N/K)), just can be finally inversed by the light intensity space distribution information x of object under test under visible light wave range and two specific wavelengths of near infrared light wave band _pwith if visible ray and near infrared light wave band are specifically chosen 3 groups of measurement data separately, reuse above-mentioned model, adopt three primary color theory just can reconstruct the coloured image of the interior visible ray of this time subsegment and near infrared light wave band, add time dimension information, just can reconstruct the color video frame sequence of visible ray and near infrared light.

Optionally, described compressed sensing algorithm comprises: greedy reconstruction algorithm, coupling track algorithm MP, orthogonal coupling track algorithm OMP, base track algorithm BP, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian Estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwIST algorithm, l ₀reconstruction algorithm, l ₁reconstruction algorithm, l ₂reconstruction algorithm etc.; The core concept of algorithm communicates, and is alternating minimization and upgrades multiplier, in the skill of calculating, can slightly have any different, and does the explanation of algorithm core concept as an example of TV algorithm example:

TV model is: s.t.Au=b

Be equivalent to s.t.Au=b and D _iu=w _i;

Corresponding augmentation lagrange problem is:

$\underset{w_i,u}{\min }\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}({\left|\right|w_i\left|\right|}_2-v_i^T(D_{i}u-w_i)+\frac{\mathrm{\&beta;}}{2}{\left|\right|D_{i}u-w_i\left|\right|}_2^2)-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^T(\mathrm{Au}-b)+\frac{\mathrm{\&mu;}}{2}{\left|\right|\mathrm{Au}-b\left|\right|}_2^2$

Input b, A, μ, β >0, initialization u=b;

In the time not restraining, be similar to and minimize augmentation Lagrange power function by alternating direction scheme (alternating direction scheme), and constantly update multiplier, repeat following three steps operations:

Fixing u is constant for step (1), is calculated as follows w

$w_i=\max \{{\left|\right|D_{i}u-v_i/\mathrm{\&beta;}\left|\right|}_2-\frac{1}{\mathrm{\&beta;}},0\}\frac{D_{i}u-v_i/\mathrm{\&beta;}}{{\left|\right|D_{i}u-v_i/\mathrm{\&beta;}\left|\right|}_2}$

Fixing w is constant for step (2), is calculated as follows u

$u=F^{-1}\left(\frac{F\left(D^{\left(1\right)}\right)*\mathrm{oF}\left(w_1\right)+F{\left(D^{\left(2\right)}\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(w_2\right)+(\mathrm{\&mu;}/\mathrm{\&beta;})F{\left(A\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(b\right)}{F\left(D^{\left(1\right)}\right)*\mathrm{oF}\left(D^{\left(1\right)}\right)+F{\left(D^{\left(2\right)}\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(D^{\left(2\right)}\right)+(\mathrm{\&mu;}/\mathrm{\&beta;})F{\left(A\right)}^{*}\mathrm{oF}\left(A\right)}\right)$

Wherein, D ⁽¹⁾and D ⁽²⁾be respectively single order finite matrix level difference and vertical differentiation, F is two dimensional discrete Fourier transform, and * represents complex conjugate, and o represents that number takes advantage of;

Step (3) is upgraded multiplier:

$v_i\&LeftArrow;v_i-\mathrm{\&beta;}(D_i\hat{u}-{\hat{w}}_i),$ $\mathrm{\&lambda;}\&LeftArrow;\mathrm{\&lambda;}-\mathrm{\&mu;}(A\hat{u}-b).$

Described associated compressed sensing algorithm is that to measure matrixes be complementary and propose for corresponding two of visible ray based in each time subsegment and near infrared light spectrum, core algorithm thought is unit matrix to regard as and measure matrix participation computing, on the basis of described algorithm idea, add corrected parameter, income value again with x _pdo match operation, just obtain very big easy computing, dwindles storage space, visible light signal x _pwith near infrared light signal can obtain, other wavelength data in each time subsegment follows an example to do, and adds time dimension information simultaneously, finally obtains the color video frame sequence of object visible ray and near infrared light composition.

As shown in Figure 1, pulsed laser 1 excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence lifetime has certain transient state, this fluorescence is imaged in spatial light modulator 3 by optical imagery parts 2, be subject to its random optical modulation, emergent light is assigned in two arm directions with certain probability, utilize respectively first group of receipts optical alignment parts 4 and second group of receipts optical alignment parts 5 to make the light that enters follow-up first group of spectrum light splitting part 6 and second group of spectrum light splitting part 7 become approximate directional light simultaneously, first group of spectrum light splitting part 6 and second group of spectrum light splitting part 7 are incident upon the spectrum of visible ray and near infrared light wave band respectively and see in light single-photon detector linear array 8 and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array 9, survey simultaneously, it should be noted that, the position of these two linear arrays is interchangeable, make visible ray single-photon detector linear array 8 and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array 9 often open, each some pulse waveforms of output of surveying, be input to respectively in several counting channels on hyperchannel counter 10, carry out filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number, the reference pulse input of the pulse waveform of pulsed laser 1 width conversion module as on hyperchannel counter 10 time, optionally, the output terminal of chronotron 12 is connected with the counting module on hyperchannel counter 10, for controlling the gate-width of counting, system control platform 13 sends instruction to randomizer 11 and chronotron 12, and controls the normal operation of whole system electricity part, wherein the output terminal of randomizer 11 is connected with the input end of spatial light modulator 3, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, by random measurement Output matrix after treatment to spatial light modulator 3, some batch total numerical value on hyperchannel counter 10, time dimension information, passage corresponding wavelength information and the input as reading and writing data storer 14 together with random measurement matrix on randomizer 11, reading and writing data storer 14 is mainly used in reading and writing data temporary, data flow processing module 15, processing module 15 goes out the visible ray of object of observation and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition and time resolved spectroscopy figure according to these data reconstructions, can analyze Time-resolved imaging in any wavelengths of interest.

It should be noted that, in the time that utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of visible ray single-photon detector linear array 8 and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array 9, need on any light path position before single-photon detector linear array, suitable attenuator be set, for light decay being reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, if utmost point low light level light intensity is in the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, without attenuator is set again.

Described time resolution, can adopt any one in following two kinds of strategies:

Strategy one, single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator 3 is fixed a frame, reference pulse using the pulse waveform of pulsed laser 1 as time-amplitude conversion module, Emission Lasers, excite object fluorescence, time-amplitude conversion module is recorded in photon in corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reach the time by photon photon number is carried out to segmentation division, count the stored count of d time subsegment in one-period, then in spatial light modulator 4, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, respectively each time subsegment being done to algorithm rebuilds, just can capture the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts,

Strategy two, single-photon detector linear array is often opened, spatial light modulator 3 is fixed a frame, Emission Lasers, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment in the transient state cycle, within every subtransient cycle, only survey once, after gate-width time delay, survey once again, the count value difference of twice is as the count value in time subsegment, method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, step is afterwards identical with strategy one.

It should be noted that, in the case of changing object not high non-periodic for time resolution accuracy requirement, if object almost remains unchanged within a certain short period, just change gradually through the long period, can adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, after the visible ray in having surveyed sometime and near infrared light spectrum, survey in next time, time resolution precision is a second level again.

In fact many biosomes all exist ultraweak optical radiation phenomenon, and this ultraweak archebiosis fluorescence is all related with many functions, the physiology course of biology, can reflect the variation of biosome metabolic process.For example, phagocyte is in the time engulfing foreign matter, when cell mitogen, in the process of cell carcinogenesis, all with luminous or superweak luminescence phenomenon.In biology, also often can add fluorescence labeling or the accurately interested physiological change process in location of method with quantum dot.

Fig. 2, Fig. 3 is the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the present invention, object is the feasibility of verification algorithm, this algorithm is mainly for coloured image, size is 200 × 200, primary visible light sequence of frames of video and near infrared light sequence of frames of video are from Sungjee Kim, Yong Taik Lim, Edward G Soltesz, Alec M De Grand, Jaihyoung Lee, Akira Nakayama, J Anthony Parker, Tomislav Mihaljevic, Rita G Laurence, Delphine M Dor, Lawrence H Cohn, Moungi G Bawendi & John V Frangioni, Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping, nature biotechnology, 2004, 22 (1): 93-97.Legend is the autofluorescence situation over time before and after the near infrared light quantum dot (NIR QDs) of the true intracutaneous injection 400pmol of right groin of pig, Fig. 2 the 1st, 3,5 row are respectively before injection, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the frame of video of latter 4 minutes, and Fig. 2 the 2nd, 4,6 row are respectively before injection, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the reconstruction video frame of latter 4 minutes.Fig. 2 front 3 classifies visible light video frame as and decomposes gained component by R, G, B, and after Fig. 2,3 classify near infrared light frame of video as by R, G, B decomposition gained component.Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), Fig. 3 (c) are from left to right followed successively by before visible ray hemostasis, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the reconstruction color video frame of latter 4 minutes, Fig. 3 (d), Fig. 3 (e), Fig. 3 (f) are from left to right followed successively by before near infrared light hemostasis, inject latter 30 seconds and inject the reconstruction color video frame of latter 4 minutes, and visible images and near infrared light image that Fig. 3 (g), Fig. 3 (h), Fig. 3 (i) are from left to right followed successively by before injection, inject latter 30 seconds and inject latter 4 minutes merge the color video frame obtaining.This embodiment shows, this visible ray and near infrared light composition change the observation combining can locate focus particular location, contributes to the development of medical operating, and this example is that explanation the present invention will play a significant role in following biologic medical and quantum dot imaging.

Fig. 4 is also the simulated experiment result of the embodiment of the present invention, for the time resolved spectroscopy figure of simulation, the wavelength response range of spatial light modulator has covered visible ray and near infrared range, reflected light is carried out to both arms detection, counting in corresponding visible ray and the each passage of the each time subsegment of near infrared light is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, represent intensity signal, simultaneously in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, in Picosecond precision, analyze intuitively spectral intensity situation over time, and then the situation of change of acquisition observed objects characteristic peak.

Finally it should be noted that, algorithm described in embodiment, through lot of experimental data checking, has been true and reliable, and collocation hardware just can be realized technical scheme of the present invention.Described all embodiment are only for to be further elaborated to the present invention, not absolute, can respective extension.Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that technical scheme of the present invention is modified, adds, deleted or is equal to replacement, and do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement counting imaging system, this system comprises: pulsed laser and spatial light modulator, and described pulsed laser excites object fluorescence at set intervals, this fluorescence is imaged in described spatial light modulator via optical imagery parts, be subject to its random optical modulation after emergent light be assigned in two arm directions; It is characterized in that, described system also comprises:

Optical imagery parts, first group of receipts optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part, second group of receipts optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part, visible ray single-photon detector linear array, near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, hyperchannel counter, randomizer, system control platform, reading and writing data storer and processing module;

Receive optical alignment parts, first group of spectrum light splitting part and visible ray single-photon detector linear array and be arranged in the first arm direction, export some pulse waveforms for surveying visible light for described first group; Receive optical alignment parts, second group of spectrum light splitting part and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array and be arranged in the second arm direction, export some pulse waveforms for surveying near infrared light spectrum for described second group;

Described hyperchannel counter is connected with near infrared light single-photon detector linear array with described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and receives input pulse waveform wherein, and waveform is carried out to filtering, discriminating and stored count spike number;

Described system control platform sends instruction to randomizer, and controls the running of whole system;

The output terminal of described randomizer is connected with the input end of spatial light modulator, gathers natural stochastic source as random number source, by random measurement Output matrix after treatment to spatial light modulator;

Described reading and writing data storer is stored the random measurement matrix on some batch total numerical value, time dimension information, passage corresponding wavelength information and randomizer on hyperchannel counter;

Described processing module, for adopting restructing algorithm to reconstruct the visible ray of object of observation and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition and time resolved spectroscopy figure according to the information of reading and writing data memory stores, and then Time-resolved imaging in any wavelengths of interest is analyzed.

2. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 counting imaging system, it is characterized in that, described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are operated in by several corresponding different wave lengths the linear array that the single photon point probe under Geiger mode angular position digitizer forms, can select respectively at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band the single photon point detecting element of several corresponding different wave lengths, described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and the residing position of near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are interchangeable, and described visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array detection mode adopt fiber optic collimator or Free-space coupling.

3. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 counting imaging system, is characterized in that, described system also comprises chronotron;

Described hyperchannel counter further comprises: counting module and time width conversion module, for realizing counting and time resolution function; When adopting photon mode time of arrival acquisition time to differentiate, time, width conversion module enables, and described chronotron does not enable; When adopting the mode of time delay counting gate-width, time, width conversion module does not enable, and described chronotron enables;

Described chronotron, sends gate-control signal for counting module to hyperchannel counter, can time delay gate-width rising edge or time of arrival of negative edge, and the time period of this time delay, this time resolution precision reached 20ps as the time subsegment in the corresponding transient state cycle;

Described chronotron can carry out replacement of function by the time width conversion module in hyperchannel counter, this time-amplitude conversion module is for being converted into the time of the photon of acquisition voltage form and being recorded in respective channel, and press photon and time of arrival photon number segmentation is divided, statistics obtains the multistage stored counts in each time interval in the transient state cycle, and time resolution precision reaches 5ps;

In addition, in the case of the object to be measured changing non-periodic, establish object and almost remain unchanged within a certain short period, adopt the mode of measuring frame by frame, after the visible ray in having surveyed sometime and near infrared light spectrum, survey in next time, time resolution precision reaches a second level again.

4. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 counting imaging system, is characterized in that, described system control platform further comprises:

Make energy control module, for controlling enabling of each parts, i.e. transmission driving enable signal is issued above-mentioned each parts makes it start normal work;

Synchronization control module, for realizing synchronous between laser pulse and photon counting; With

Matrixing module, for controlling the replacement of the conversion of random array and its upper stochastic matrix and adjusting accordingly before the transient state cycle starts or after end.

5. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 1 counting imaging system, it is characterized in that, described first group of spectrum light splitting part and second group of spectrum light splitting part include: optical alignment part, light splitting part, measurement of angle part, photometric observation and measure portion;

Described spatial light modulator refers under the control of time dependent signal, the Real-Time Optical information processing device that photodistributed intensity on space is modulated, the light of the angle incident specifying by spatial light modulator can be reflexed to both direction with certain probability, its direction also needs not be certain fixed angle, can be limited within the scope of certain angle, what described random optical modulation referred to modulation matrix in spatial light modulator is very random, generally adopts two-value to characterize the state of reflection direction;

In the time that utmost point low light level light intensity exceeds the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array, need on any light path position before visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, attenuator be set, for light decay being reduced to the investigative range of single-photon detector linear array.

6. the time resolution single photon spectrum of a complementary measurement counting formation method, described method comprises:

Step 101) pulsed laser beats laser on object at set intervals, excite object to send fluorescence, this fluorescence is as utmost point low light level object, described fluorescence is imaged in spatial light modulator by optical imagery parts, and spatial light modulator carries out after random optical modulation light is assigned in two arm exit directions it according to random measurement matrix;

Step 102) utilize visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array to carry out both arms to survey the band of visible ray and near infrared light wave band simultaneously, using photon counting as measured value;

Step 103) rebuild the visible ray of object and the color video frame sequence of near infrared light composition according to described measured value, time dimension information and random measurement matrix by compressed sensing algorithm, and output time resolved light spectrogram is for spectral analysis.

7. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 counting formation method, it is characterized in that, described step 101) by spatial light modulator, the light being incident on it is carried out to random optical modulation, making two-way emergent light invest follow-up first group with certain probability respectively receives optical alignment parts and visible ray single-photon detector linear array and second group and receives optical alignment parts and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array, carry out both arms detection, wherein singly see certain time subsegment, hits M is much smaller than the signal dimension N in this time subsegment, to complete measured signal compression sampling in visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band.

8. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 counting formation method, is characterized in that step 103) the time resolution strategy that adopts of described time resolved spectroscopy figure is the one in following two kinds:

Strategy one, visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, using the pulse waveform of laser as with reference to pulse, open laser, excite object fluorescence, fluorescent photon is recorded in corresponding passage with voltage form time of arrival, reach the time by photon photon number is carried out to segmentation division, count the stored count of d time subsegment in one-period, then in spatial light modulator, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, and each time subsegment is done to algorithm and rebuild, catch the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts,

Strategy two, visible ray single-photon detector linear array and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array are in normally open, spatial light modulator is fixed a frame, open laser, excite object fluorescence, send gate-control signal by chronotron to the counting module in hyperchannel counter, with the time of arrival of time delay gate-width rising edge or negative edge, this delay duration is as the time subsegment in the transient state cycle, within every subtransient cycle, only survey once, after gate-width time delay, survey once again, the count value difference of twice is as the count value in time subsegment, method obtains the stored count of d time subsegment in the whole cycle according to this, then in spatial light modulator, random array transforms to next frame, repeat aforesaid operations, convert M time, in each time subsegment, just should there is mutually M counting, corresponding M random measurement matrix and complementary matrix thereof respectively, each time subsegment is done to algorithm rebuilds, catch the transient changing process of component distributing in one-period, if light intensity extremely a little less than, repeatedly measure cumulative corresponding counts.

9. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 counting formation method, is characterized in that, described reconstruction algorithm adopts sparse reconstruction algorithm, and specific strategy is:

In each time subsegment, in visible ray and near infrared light, get one group of measured value y and y ', wherein y for each _iand y _i', corresponding stochastic matrix a respectively _ibenefit a with matrix _i' be I-a, by a _iand a _i' be stretched to respectively a line, respectively as visible ray in this time subsegment measure matrix A and near infrared light measure matrix A ' in i capable, measure M time, measure matrix all to amount to M capable for two, if visible ray and near infrared light single-photon detector linear array have respectively P point and Q point, the measured value of two arms has respectively P group and Q group, every group all amounts to M dimension, if two arms in each time subsegment are respectively specifically chosen 3 groups of data, utilize associated compressed sensing algorithm just can reconstruct object of observation in this time subsegment coloured image at visible light wave range and near infrared light wave band, wherein the coloured image of near infrared light wave band is marked, choose from big to small three kinds of infrared wavelengths by wavelength and be designated red green blue tricolor, get one group of data if appoint and just can carry out the constituent analysis of this wavelength, binding time dimensional information, just can obtain the color video frame sequence of the space distribution dynamic change of visible ray composition and near infrared light composition.

10. the time resolution single photon spectrum of complementary measurement according to claim 6 counting formation method, it is characterized in that, the counting of each passage in each time subsegment is added up, photon counting is converted into luminous power, in conjunction with the corresponding wavelength information of each passage and time dimension information, just can count a time resolved spectroscopy figure, and then obtain the situation of change of observed objects characteristic peak.