CN111208336A - Single-mode fiber guided coal mine/subway fiber passive current sensor - Google Patents
Single-mode fiber guided coal mine/subway fiber passive current sensor Download PDFInfo
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- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
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- G01R15/246—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect based on the Faraday, i.e. linear magneto-optic, effect
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-mode fiber guided coal mine/subway fiber current sensor, which is characterized in that an SLD light source and a control unit are packaged into a signal excitation processing module and are arranged at the low-voltage side of a monitoring site, passive devices such as a collimating lens, a polarizing plate, a first 1/4 wave plate, a beam splitter, a first focusing lens, a second focusing lens, a third focusing lens, a polarization maintaining fiber, a second 1/4 wave plate, a sensing fiber, a reflector, a current carrying conductor, a polarization beam splitter and the like are packaged into a sensing module and are arranged at the high-voltage side of the monitoring site, and the signal excitation processing module and the sensing module are guided through the low-price single-mode fiber; in the invention, two 1/4 wave plates and a polarization beam splitter are utilized, and an orthogonal algorithm is introduced, so that the linear measurement range is widened, and the influence of the power fluctuation of a light source is eliminated, so that a high-cost phase modulator is not required, the cost is obviously reduced on the premise of ensuring the sensing performance, and an effective priority scheme is provided for the popularization and the application of the optical fiber current sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a single-mode optical fiber guided coal mine/subway optical fiber passive current sensor.
Background
The optical fiber current sensor has the advantages of good insulating property, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, simple structure, intrinsic explosion suppression, explosion prevention and the like, and is very suitable for application in special fields such as coal mines/subways and the like.
The working principle of the fiber optic current sensor is based on the faraday magneto-optical effect, namely: the current to be measured forms Faraday phase shift in a linear relation with the current to be measured in the sensor, an interference light path is constructed in the current mainstream scheme, a phase modulator is utilized, a closed-loop control algorithm is introduced, the Faraday phase shift is demodulated according to an interference light intensity signal, and the current to be measured is obtained from a demodulation result. The core components of this mainstream scheme typically include: the SLD light source, the optical fiber coupler, the polarizer, the phase modulator, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring, the quarter-wave plate, the sensing optical fiber and the reflector are generally packaged into a whole and installed on the low-voltage side of a monitoring site, the quarter-wave plate, the sensing optical fiber and the reflector are packaged into a whole and installed on the high-voltage side of the monitoring site, and components between the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side are connected through the polarization-maintaining optical fiber ring. At present, the main factors restricting the popularization and application of the optical fiber current sensor are that the manufacturing cost of the sensor is high, the phase modulator and the control algorithm matched with the phase modulator can obviously improve the performance of the sensor, for example, the linear measurement range of the sensor is expanded, the low-frequency noise influence is avoided, the light source power fluctuation influence is eliminated, and the like, and the phase modulator and the polarization maintaining optical fiber ring (generally 100m) occupy a higher proportion in the manufacturing cost. Therefore, how to find a low-price alternative scheme with the same function of the phase modulator and replace the high-price polarization maintaining fiber with the low-price single-mode fiber to realize signal guide between the low-voltage side and the high-voltage side is a problem to be solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a single-mode fiber guided coal mine/subway fiber passive current sensor, which is characterized in that a first 1/4 wave plate is firstly introduced, and an included angle between a first 1/4 wave plate and an adjacent component is designed, so that a fixed pi/2 phase delay is introduced between polarized light signals for current sensing, and a polarization beam splitter and an orthogonal algorithm are introduced on the basis, so that the linear measurement range of the sensor is expanded and the influence of the light source power fluctuation of the sensor is eliminated by using the scheme; in addition, a passive optical device of the measuring optical path is packaged into a sensing module, an active optical device of the measuring optical path is packaged into a signal excitation processing module, and signal guiding is carried out between the two modules by utilizing a single mode fiber.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a colliery of single mode fiber guide/subway optic fibre passive current sensor, includes SLD light source (1), collimating lens (31), polaroid (4), first 1/4 wave plate (5), beam splitter (6), first focusing lens (32), second focusing lens (33), third focusing lens (34), second 1/4 wave plate (7), sensing fiber (8), speculum (9), current-carrying conductor (10), polarization beam splitter (11) and control unit (12).
The SLD light source (1) and the control unit (12) are packaged into a signal excitation processing module (13) and are installed on the low-voltage side of a monitoring site, a collimating lens (31), a polarizing plate (4), a first 1/4 wave plate (5), a beam splitter (6), a first focusing lens (32), a second focusing lens (33), a third focusing lens (34), a polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), a second 1/4 wave plate (7), a sensing optical fiber (8), a reflecting mirror (9), a current carrying conductor (10) and a polarization beam splitter (11) are packaged into a sensing module (14) and are installed on the high-voltage side of the monitoring site, and the signal excitation processing module (12) and the sensing module (13) are guided through a single-mode optical fiber (21). The second 1/4 wave plate (7) and the sensing optical fiber (8) are welded together by a welding machine, the SLD (1) is connected with the collimating lens (31) by a single-mode optical fiber (21), the control unit (12) is connected with the first focusing lens (32), the second focusing lens (33) is connected through the single-mode fiber (21), the third focusing lens (34) is connected with the second 1/4 wave plate (7) through the polarization-maintaining fiber (22), an included angle between a transmission axis of the polarizing plate (4) and a polarization main axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is 45 degrees, the polarization main axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is parallel to the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22), an included angle between the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) and a polarization main axis of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is 45 degrees, and a polarization main axis of the polarization beam splitter (11) and a polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) form 45 degrees.
A polarizing plate (4) is arranged behind the collimating lens (31), a first 1/4 wave plate (5) is arranged behind the polarizing plate (4), a beam splitter (6) is arranged behind the first 1/4 wave plate (5), a third focusing lens (34) is arranged behind the beam splitter (6), the three focusing lenses are all space optical devices, the positions of the space optical devices are required, and the third focusing lens (34) is connected with the second 1/4 wave plate (7) through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber (22).
The output light of the SLD light source (1) sequentially passes through a collimating lens (31) and a polarizing plate (4) to form linearly polarized light, the formed linearly polarized light is decomposed into two orthogonal linearly polarized light with a phase difference of 90 degrees after passing through a first 1/4 wave plate (5), the two orthogonal linearly polarized light respectively form two circularly polarized light with opposite rotation directions after passing through a light splitter (6), a third focusing lens (34), a polarization maintaining optical fiber (22) and a second 1/4 wave plate (7), the two circularly polarized light enter a sensing optical fiber (8) and return to the sensing optical fiber (8) after being acted by a reflector (9) at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber (8), the two circularly polarized light which returns to a second 1/4 wave plate (7) again and is converted into two orthogonal linearly polarized light, and then the two circularly polarized light sequentially return to the polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), the third focusing lens (34) and the light splitter (6) to enter a polarization beam splitter (11), because the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) and the polarization main axis of the polarization beam splitter (11) form 45 degrees, the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) is selected to construct an intrinsic coordinate system, the two returned orthogonal linear polarized lights generate two times of interference in the 45-degree position and the 135-degree position in the intrinsic coordinate system, and the two times of interference lights are respectively output by the polarization beam splitter (11) and transmitted to the control unit (12) for detection through the first focusing lens (32) and the second focusing lens (33).
The invention also provides a control method of the coal mine/subway optical fiber passive current sensor guided by the single-mode optical fiber, which specifically comprises the following steps:
in the process of light propagating from the SLD light source (1) to the reflector (9), the output light vector of the SLD light source (1) is Ein＝[Ex；Ey]The Jones matrix of the polarizing plate (4) is JpThe Jones matrix of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is JxThe Jones matrix of the polarization maintaining fiber (22) is Jy1The Jones matrix of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is Jb1The Jones matrix of the sensing fiber (8) is Jf1The Jones matrix of the reflector (9) is Jm。
In the process that light is transmitted from the reflector (9) to the polarization beam splitter (11), the Jones matrix of the sensing fiber (8) is Jf2The Jones matrix of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is Jb2The Jones matrix of the polarization maintaining fiber (22) is Jy2The Jones matrix of (11) of the polarizing beam splitter is Jq1And Jq2。
The Jones matrix corresponding to the included angle of 45 degrees related in the light path of the sensor is J45Thus, the jones matrices are respectively as follows:
in the formula: f is the Faraday phase shift generated between two beams of circularly polarized light in the sensing optical fiber (8) by the magnetic field excited by the current to be measured on the current-carrying conductor (10),f is VNI, V is the Verdet constant of the sensing optical fiber (8), N is the winding turn number of the sensing optical fiber (8), and I is the current to be measured on the current-carrying conductor (10); delta is the phase difference generated by the two orthogonal linearly polarized light beams passing through the polarization maintaining fiber (22). Thus, the light vector output by the first focusing lens (32) is defined as Eout1And the light vector output by the second focusing lens (33) is defined as Eout2Namely:
Eout1＝Jq1·J45·Jy2·Jb2·Jf2·Jm·Jf1·Jb1·Jy1·Jx·J45·Jp·Ein
Eout2＝Jq2·J45·Jy2·Jb2·Jf2·Jm·Jf1·Jb1·Jy1·Jx·J45·Jp·Ein
according to the Malus theorem, the following can be known:
the light power P1 and P2 are input into a control unit (12) and are subjected to 'difference division sum' calculation, and the current I to be measured is inversely calculated by using the calculation result, namely:
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a single-mode fiber guided coal mine/subway fiber passive current sensor, which adopts passive optical devices except two active optical devices, namely an SLD light source and a control unit, wherein the active optical devices and the passive optical devices are independently packaged and adopt single-mode fibers for signal guidance, a sensing light path is constructed by utilizing two 1/4 wave plates and a polarization beam splitter, a phase modulator is not required, the cost is obviously reduced on the premise of ensuring the sensing performance, and an effective priority scheme is provided for the popularization and the use of the fiber current sensor.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the present invention.
The numbers in the figures are specified below: the optical fiber sensing device comprises a 1-SLD light source, a 21-single mode fiber, a 22-polarization maintaining fiber, a 31-collimating lens, a 32-first focusing lens, a 33-second focusing lens, a 34-third focusing lens, a 4-polarizing plate, a 5-first 1/4 wave plate, a 6-beam splitter, a 7-1/4 wave plate, an 8-sensing fiber, a 9-reflector, a 10-current carrying conductor, an 11-polarization beam splitter, a 12-control unit, a 13-signal excitation processing module and a 14-sensing module.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention provides a single-mode fiber guided coal mine/subway optical fiber passive current sensor which comprises an SLD light source (1), a collimating lens (31), a polarizing plate (4), a first 1/4 wave plate (5), a beam splitter (6), a first focusing lens (32), a second focusing lens (33), a third focusing lens (34), a second 1/4 wave plate (7), a sensing fiber (8), a reflector (9), a current-carrying conductor (10), a polarization beam splitter (11) and a control unit (12).
The SLD light source (1) and the control unit (12) are packaged into a signal excitation processing module (13) and are installed on the low-voltage side of a monitoring site, a collimating lens (31), a polarizing plate (4), a first 1/4 wave plate (5), a beam splitter (6), a first focusing lens (32), a second focusing lens (33), a third focusing lens (34), a polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), a second 1/4 wave plate (7), a sensing optical fiber (8), a reflecting mirror (9), a current carrying conductor (10) and a polarization beam splitter (11) are packaged into a sensing module (14) and are installed on the high-voltage side of the monitoring site, and the signal excitation processing module (12) and the sensing module (13) are guided through a single-mode optical fiber (21). The SLD (1) is connected with the collimating lens (31) through a single-mode fiber (21), the control unit (12) is connected with the first focusing lens (32) and the second focusing lens (33) through the single-mode fiber (21), the third focusing lens (34) is connected with the second 1/4 wave plate (7) through a polarization-maintaining fiber (22), an included angle between a light transmission axis of the polarizing plate (4) and a polarization main axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is 45 degrees, the polarization main axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is parallel to the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22), the included angle between the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) and the polarization main axis of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is 45 degrees, and the polarization main axis of the polarization beam splitter (11) and the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) form 45 degrees.
The output light of the SLD light source (1) sequentially passes through a collimating lens (31) and a polarizing plate (4) to form linearly polarized light, the formed linearly polarized light is decomposed into two orthogonal linearly polarized light with a phase difference of 90 degrees after passing through a first 1/4 wave plate (5), the two orthogonal linearly polarized light respectively form two circularly polarized light with opposite rotation directions after passing through a light splitter (6), a third focusing lens (34), a polarization maintaining optical fiber (22) and a second 1/4 wave plate (7), the two circularly polarized light enter a sensing optical fiber (8) and return to the sensing optical fiber (8) after being acted by a reflector (9) at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber (8), the two circularly polarized light which returns to a second 1/4 wave plate (7) again and is converted into two orthogonal linearly polarized light, and then the two circularly polarized light sequentially return to the polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), the third focusing lens (34) and the light splitter (6) to enter a polarization beam splitter (11), because the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) and the polarization main axis of the polarization beam splitter (11) form 45 degrees, the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) is selected to construct an intrinsic coordinate system, the two returned orthogonal linear polarized lights generate two times of interference in the 45-degree position and the 135-degree position in the intrinsic coordinate system, and the two times of interference lights are respectively output by the polarization beam splitter (11) and transmitted to the control unit (12) for detection through the first focusing lens (32) and the second focusing lens (33).
In addition, the invention also provides a control method of the coal mine/subway optical fiber passive current sensor guided by the single-mode optical fiber, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the process of light propagating from the SLD light source (1) to the reflector (9), the output light vector of the SLD light source (1) is Ein＝[Ex；Ey]The Jones matrix of the polarizing plate (4) is JpThe Jones matrix of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is JxThe Jones matrix of the polarization maintaining fiber (22) is Jy1The Jones matrix of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is Jb1The Jones matrix of the sensing fiber (8) is Jf1The Jones matrix of the reflector (9) is Jm。
In the process that light is transmitted from the reflector (9) to the polarization beam splitter (11), the Jones matrix of the sensing fiber (8) is Jf2The Jones matrix of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is Jb2Polarization maintaining optical fiber(22) The Jones matrix is Jy2The Jones matrix of (11) of the polarizing beam splitter is Jq1And Jq2。
The Jones matrix corresponding to the included angle of 45 degrees related in the light path of the sensor is J45Thus, the jones matrices are respectively as follows:
in the formula: f is a Faraday phase shift generated between two beams of circularly polarized light in the sensing optical fiber (8) by a magnetic field excited by current to be measured on the current-carrying conductor (10), F is VNI, V is a Verdet constant of the sensing optical fiber (8), N is the number of winding turns of the sensing optical fiber (8), and I is the current to be measured on the current-carrying conductor (10); delta is the phase difference generated by the two orthogonal linearly polarized light beams passing through the polarization maintaining fiber (22). Thus, the light vector output by the first focusing lens (32) is defined as Eout1And the light vector output by the second focusing lens (33) is defined as Eout2Namely:
Eout1＝Jq1·J45·Jy2·Jb2·Jf2·Jm·Jf1·Jb1·Jy1·Jx·J45·Jp·Ein
Eout2＝Jq2·J45·Jy2·Jb2·Jf2·Jm·Jf1·Jb1·Jy1·Jx·J45·Jp·Ein
according to the Malus theorem, the following can be known:
wherein Ex is the amplitude of an input light vector in the horizontal direction, the light power P1 and P2 are input into a control unit (12) and are subjected to 'difference division sum' calculation, and the current I to be measured is inversely calculated by using the calculation result, namely:
Claims (2)
1. the utility model provides a colliery of single mode fiber guide/subway optic fibre passive current sensor which characterized in that: the light source device comprises an SLD light source (1), a collimating lens (31), a polarizing plate (4), a first 1/4 wave plate (5), a beam splitter (6), a first focusing lens (32), a second focusing lens (33), a third focusing lens (34), a second 1/4 wave plate (7), a sensing optical fiber (8), a reflector (9), a current-carrying conductor (10), a polarization beam splitter (11) and a control unit (12);
the SLD light source (1) and the control unit (12) are packaged into a signal excitation processing module (13) and are installed on the low-voltage side of a monitoring site, a collimating lens (31), a polarizing plate (4), a first 1/4 wave plate (5), a beam splitter (6), a first focusing lens (32), a second focusing lens (33), a third focusing lens (34), a polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), a second 1/4 wave plate (7), a sensing optical fiber (8), a reflector (9), a current carrying conductor (10) and a polarization beam splitter (11) are packaged into a sensing module (14) and are installed on the high-voltage side of the monitoring site, the tail end of the sensing optical fiber (8) is connected with the reflector 9, the sensing optical fiber (8) forms a ring and penetrates through the current carrying conductor 10, and the signal excitation processing module (12) and the sensing module (13) are guided through a single-mode optical fiber (21);
the SLD (1) is connected with a collimating lens (31) through a single-mode fiber (21), a control unit (12) is connected with a first focusing lens (32) and a second focusing lens (33) through the single-mode fiber (21), a third focusing lens (34) is connected with a second 1/4 wave plate (7) through a polarization-maintaining fiber (22), an included angle between a light transmission axis of a polarizing plate (4) and a polarization main axis of a first 1/4 wave plate (5) is 45 degrees, the polarization main axis of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is parallel to the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22), the included angle between the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) and the polarization main axis of a second 1/4 wave plate (7) is 45 degrees, and the polarization main axis of a polarization beam splitter (11) and the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) form 45 degrees;
the output light of the SLD light source (1) sequentially passes through a collimating lens (31) and a polarizing plate (4) to form linearly polarized light, the formed linearly polarized light is decomposed into two orthogonal linearly polarized light with a phase difference of 90 degrees after passing through a first 1/4 wave plate (5), the two orthogonal linearly polarized light respectively form two circularly polarized light with opposite rotation directions after passing through a light splitter (6), a third focusing lens (34), a polarization maintaining optical fiber (22) and a second 1/4 wave plate (7), the two circularly polarized light enter a sensing optical fiber (8) and return to the sensing optical fiber (8) after being acted by a reflector (9) at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber (8), the two circularly polarized light which returns to a second 1/4 wave plate (7) again and is converted into two orthogonal linearly polarized light, and then the two circularly polarized light sequentially return to the polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), the third focusing lens (34) and the light splitter (6) to enter a polarization beam splitter (11), because the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) and the polarization main axis of the polarization beam splitter (11) form 45 degrees, the polarization main axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber (22) is selected to construct an intrinsic coordinate system, the two returned orthogonal linear polarized lights interfere twice in the 45-degree direction and 135-degree direction in the intrinsic coordinate system, and the two interfered lights are respectively output by the polarization beam splitter (11) and transmitted to the control unit (12) for detection through the first focusing lens (32) and the second focusing lens (33).
2. The method for controlling the single-mode optical fiber guided coal mine/subway optical fiber passive current sensor according to claim 1, wherein:
in the process of light propagating from the SLD light source (1) to the reflector (9), the output light vector of the SLD light source (1) is Ein＝[Ex；Ey]The Jones matrix of the polarizing plate (4) is JpThe Jones matrix of the first 1/4 wave plate (5) is JxThe Jones matrix of the polarization maintaining fiber (22) is Jy1The Jones matrix of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is Jb1The Jones matrix of the sensing fiber (8) is Jf1The Jones matrix of the reflector (9) is Jm；
In the process that light is transmitted from the reflector (9) to the polarization beam splitter (11), the Jones matrix of the sensing fiber (8) is Jf2The Jones matrix of the second 1/4 wave plate (7) is Jb2Of polarization maintaining optical fiber (22)The s matrix is Jy2The Jones matrix of (11) of the polarizing beam splitter is Jq1And Jq2；
The Jones matrix corresponding to the included angle of 45 degrees related in the light path of the sensor is J45Thus, the jones matrices are respectively as follows:
in the formula: f is a Faraday phase shift generated between two beams of circularly polarized light in the sensing optical fiber (8) by a magnetic field excited by current to be measured on the current-carrying conductor (10), F is VNI, V is a Verdet constant of the sensing optical fiber (8), N is the number of winding turns of the sensing optical fiber (8), and I is the current to be measured on the current-carrying conductor (10); delta is the phase difference generated by the two orthogonal linearly polarized lights passing through the polarization maintaining optical fiber (22), therefore, the light vector output by the first focusing lens (32) is defined as Eout1And the light vector output by the second focusing lens (33) is defined as Eout2Namely:
Eout1＝Jq1·J45·Jy2·Jb2·Jf2·Jm·Jf1·Jb1·Jy1·Jx·J45·Jp·Ein
Eout2＝Jq2·J45·Jy2·Jb2·Jf2·Jm·Jf1·Jb1·Jy1·Jx·J45·Jp·Ein
according to the Malus theorem, the following can be known:
wherein Ex is the amplitude of an input light vector in the horizontal direction, the light power P1 and P2 are input into a control unit (12) for difference resolution and calculation, and the current I to be measured is back calculated by using the calculation result, namely:
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