CN104597304B - A kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor - Google Patents
A kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104597304B CN104597304B CN201510006662.4A CN201510006662A CN104597304B CN 104597304 B CN104597304 B CN 104597304B CN 201510006662 A CN201510006662 A CN 201510006662A CN 104597304 B CN104597304 B CN 104597304B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor, it is included in the phase-modulator set gradually in the light path of incident light, delay winding, quarter wave plate and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, quarter wave plate, delay winding and phase-modulator are also successively set in the light path of return light, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity includes sensor fibre and a coupler, the port connection quarter wave plate of the side of coupler, two ports of the opposite side of coupler connect the two ends of sensor fibre respectively, and the splitting ratio of coupler is 1:99 to 15:85.The present invention can significantly increase faraday's phase shift caused by electric current, while reduce cost, improve the small current measurement precision and measurement range of fibre optic current sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrical equipment technical field, particularly a kind of full optical-fiber current based on optic fiber ring-shaped cavity passes
Sensor.
Background technology
Fibre optic current sensor is a kind of New type of current sensor based on Faraday effect, applied to real in power system
Existing relay protection acts on electric energy metrical.Relative to traditional current sensor, fibre optic current sensor has many advantages, such as
Dynamic range is big, electromagnetism interference, simple in construction, the linearity is good, without saturated phenomenon etc..With carrying for voltage and current grade
Height, traditional electromagnetic type current sensor can not meet the requirement of measurement gradually, fibre optic current sensor with its unique advantage,
Receive more and more attention.
All-fiber current sensor is to measure electric current based on Faraday effect, and its calculation formula is:Its
InFor faraday's phase shift, N is the optical fiber number of turn, VdFor Verdet constant, I is current strength to be measured.For reflecting type full-optical fiber
Current sensor structure, due to the reciprocity of its light path, faraday's phase shift caused by electric current doubles, i.e.,From public affairs
As can be seen that faraday's phase shift is directly proportional to the optical fiber number of turn, current strength size in formula.In actually measuring, particularly with small
Current conditions, faraday's phase shift very little of sensitive optical fibre ring, so that the measurement accuracy of all-fiber current sensor and measurement model
Enclose and be affected.To solve the above problems, researcher is often increased by the way of increase sensor fibre length and the optical fiber number of turn
Big faraday's phase shift.But this method can also bring extra linear birefrigence equal error while faraday's phase shift is increased
Source, and because in the market is all expensive for the sensor fibre of all-fiber current sensor, therefore the program also add into
This.Interfere ring type complete in addition, also scheme such as Publication No. CN103777062A Chinese invention patent application discloses one kind
Optical fiber current mutual inductor, two polarization-maintaining couplers and two faraday rotation mirrors are set to be collectively forming a FP with sensor fibre
Chamber, increase light path by way of introducing FP chambers in sensor fibre, so as to increase faraday's phase shift.But this method is increasing
While light path, great excess loss is introduced, such as multiple coupler insertion loss and multiple faraday rotation mirrors reflect
Loss etc..
The content of the invention
The present invention is the error source and volume caused by increase faraday's phase shift for existing all-fiber current sensor
The problems such as outer loss, there is provided a kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor, faraday's phase caused by electric current can be significantly increased
Move, while reduce cost and reduce and be lost, improve the small current measurement precision and measurement range of fibre optic current sensor.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor, it is included in the phase-modulator set in the light path of incident light and prolongs
Slow coil, the delay winding and phase-modulator are also successively set in the light path of return light, it is characterised in that are additionally included in
The quarter wave plate and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity being sequentially connected in the light path of incident light with delay winding, the optic fiber ring-shaped cavity and quarter wave plate
Also it is successively set in the light path of return light, the optic fiber ring-shaped cavity includes sensor fibre and a coupler, the coupler
Side port connection quarter wave plate, two ports of the opposite side of coupler connect the two ends of sensor fibre respectively, described
The splitting ratio of coupler is 1:99 to 15:85;Two beams that phase modulated device and delay winding are formed in the light path of incident light
Linearly polarized light becomes the oppositely oriented circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light of two beams after quarter wave plate, then intersects through coupler both sides
Port enter fiber annular intracavitary circle transmission, produce faraday's phase shift in fiber annular intracavitary and export oppositely oriented two
The port return light path that beam circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light are intersected by coupler both sides, by circularly polarized light after quarter wave plate
Or elliptically polarized light becomes linearly polarized light again.
The phase-modulator is Y waveguide phase-modulator, and the Y waveguide phase-modulator includes the first branch end and the
Two branch ends, the quarter wave plate include the first quarter wave plate and the second quarter wave plate, first point of the Y waveguide phase-modulator
Terminal is connected by delay winding with the first quarter wave plate, and the second branch end is directly connected with the second quarter wave plate or prolonged by another
Slow coil is connected with the second quarter wave plate, and first quarter wave plate and the second quarter wave plate connect two of coupler side respectively
Port.
The phase-modulator is straight waveguide phase modulator, and the incident light front end of the straight waveguide phase modulator is set
There are 45 ° of fusing points, the straight waveguide phase modulator is connected by delay winding with quarter wave plate;The optic fiber ring-shaped cavity also includes
One speculum, the quarter wave plate and speculum connect two ports of coupler side respectively.
The delay winding is panda type polarization-preserving fiber or oval core polarization maintaining optical fibre.
The sensor fibre is low birefringent fiber or rotary-type optical fiber, and the coupler is 2 × 2 fiber couplers.
The speculum is fiber end face plated film plane mirror or faraday rotator mirror.
Also including SLD light sources and light-splitting device in the light path of incident light, the light-splitting device is connected with phase-modulator,
The output that the light-splitting device is also located at the light-splitting device in the light path of return light and in the light path of return light is connected to detector,
The detector connects signal processing circuit, the signal processing circuit feedback link to phase-modulator and output current letter
Breath.
The technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
Annular cavate all-fiber current sensor provided by the invention, sets gradually phase-modulator, delay winding, 1/4
Wave plate and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity include sensor fibre and a coupler, the port connection 1/4 of the side of coupler
Wave plate, two ports of the opposite side of coupler connect the two ends of sensor fibre respectively, and the splitting ratio of coupler is 1:99 to
15:85.The orthogonal linearly polarized light in two beam polarization directions of phase modulated device and delay winding formation in the light path of incident light,
The oppositely oriented circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light of two beams is become by original linearly polarized light after quarter wave plate again, then it is coupled
The port that device both sides intersect enters fiber annular intracavitary circle transmission, and the present invention has the coupling of specific splitting ratio by configuring one
Device is simultaneously connected with sensor fibre, forms the annular cavity structure of uniqueness, in the circularly polarized light or ellipse of fiber annular intracavitary transmission
When circularly polarized light passes through coupler locations every time, all sub-fraction light can be exported from the port that coupler both sides intersect, it is remaining
Most light continue to circulate in fiber annular intracavitary, when have electric current to be measured by when, two oppositely oriented beam circularly polarized lights or
Transmission speed of the elliptically polarized light in annular chamber is different, produces the faraday's phase shift for being proportional to current strengthCertain strong
Spend under the function of current, faraday's phase shift that optical transport is sensed for one week isFaraday's phase shift is multiplied after optical transport multi-turn,
Faraday's phase shift is produced in fiber annular intracavitary and exports two oppositely oriented beam circularly polarized lights or elliptically polarized light passes through coupling
The port return light path that device both sides intersect, linearly polarized light is become again after quarter wave plate by circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, and in phase
Interfered at the modulator of position.The annular cavate all-fiber current sensor of the present invention is with the increase of the circulation number of turns, its interference light
Although having decayed by force, plus light intensity amplitude of variation increase after square-wave frequency modulation, its detection sensitivity also increases, and common
Sagnac formulas and existing other sensitive optical fibre ring structures are compared, can be notable in the case of equal sensor fibre length
Faraday's phase shift caused by increasing electric current, improve the small current measurement precision and measurement range of all-fiber current sensor.And
The sensor fibre length that this scheme uses is short, can significantly reduce the even caused constant multiplier of temperature distributing disproportionation in sensing ring
Error, prior art is avoided because the problem of increase faraday's phase shift causes to bring extra linear birefrigence equal error source,
By introducing unique annular chamber, input light can in annular chamber circle transmission, so, the very short sensor fibre of use is with regard to energy
Instead of the optical fiber of equal optical path length, cost is reduced while significantly increasing faraday's phase shift caused by electric current.And this hair
Bright optic fiber ring-shaped cavity is simple in construction, only with a coupler and sensor fibre, can be preferably minimized device excess loss, carry
The small current measurement precision and measurement range of high fibre optic current sensor.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of the annular cavate all-fiber current sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity.
Fig. 3 is that the annular cavate all-fiber current sensor output intensity of the present invention and the relation curve of faraday's phase shift are illustrated
Figure.
Fig. 4 is the relation curve schematic diagram that light circulates number of turns n and △ I.
Fig. 5 is another preferred structure schematic diagram of the annular cavate all-fiber current sensor of the present invention.
Each label lists as follows in figure:
1-SLD light sources;21- beam splitters;22- circulators;31-Y Waveguide Phase Modulators;32- straight wave guides phase is adjusted
Device processed;4- delay windings;5-1/4 wave plates;The quarter wave plates of 51- first;The quarter wave plates of 52- second;6- couplers;7- is sensed
Optical fiber;8- detectors;9- signal processing circuits;10- speculums;11- electric currents to be measured.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention relates to a kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor, it is included in what is set gradually in the light path of incident light
Phase-modulator, delay winding, quarter wave plate and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, wherein, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, quarter wave plate, delay winding and phase
Position modulator is also successively set in the light path of return light, and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity includes sensor fibre and a coupler, coupler
Side port connection quarter wave plate, two ports of the opposite side of coupler connect the two ends of sensor fibre respectively, couple
The splitting ratio of device is 1:99 to 15:85;Two bunch that phase modulated device and delay winding are formed in the light path of incident light are inclined
The light that shakes becomes the oppositely oriented circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light of two beams, then the end intersected through coupler both sides after quarter wave plate
Mouth enters fiber annular intracavitary circle transmission, produces faraday's phase shift in fiber annular intracavitary and exports oppositely oriented two beams circle
The port return light path that polarised light or elliptically polarized light are intersected by coupler both sides, by circularly polarized light or ellipse after quarter wave plate
Circularly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light again.
Fig. 1 is the preferred structure schematic diagram of the annular cavate all-fiber current sensor of the present invention, and the structure is in incident light
Light path on set gradually SLD light sources 1, light-splitting device, phase-modulator, delay winding 4, quarter wave plate and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, light
Fibre annular-type cavity, quarter wave plate, delay winding, phase-modulator and light-splitting device are also located in the light path of return light and return light
The output of light-splitting device in light path is connected to detector 8, and detector 8 connects signal processing circuit 9, and signal processing circuit 9 is anti-
Feedback is connected to phase-modulator synchronous signal process circuit 9 and goes back output current information.Wherein, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity includes sensor fibre
7 and a coupler 6, light-splitting device use beam splitter 21, phase-modulator uses Y waveguide phase-modulator 31, Y waveguide phase
Modulator 31 includes combining end, the first branch end and the second branch end, and quarter wave plate includes the first quarter wave plate 51 and the 2nd 1/4 ripple
Piece 52;The combining end of Y waveguide phase-modulator 31 is connected with one end of beam splitter 21, first point of Y waveguide phase-modulator 31
Terminal is connected by delay winding 4 with the first quarter wave plate 51, and the second branch end is directly connected with the second quarter wave plate 52, certainly,
Second branch end can also connect another delay winding so that the second branch end passes through another delay winding and the second quarter wave plate
52 are connected, and the first quarter wave plate 51 and the second quarter wave plate 52 connect two ports of the side of coupler 6 respectively, coupler 6 it is another
Two ports of side connect the two ends of sensor fibre 7 respectively.
As shown in figure 1, Y waveguide phase-modulator 31 is reached after beam splitter 21 from the light that SLD light sources 1 are sent, through Y waveguide
Phase-modulator 31 rise it is to the rear be divided into the orthogonal linearly polarized light in two beam polarization directions (such as X-axis linearly polarized light and Y-axis linearly polarized light),
This two bunch polarised light is sent from two branch ends of Y waveguide phase-modulator 31 respectively, if X-axis linearly polarized light is from the first branch end
Send, Y-axis linearly polarized light is sent from the second branch end, respectively by original after the first quarter wave plate 51 and the second quarter wave plate 52
Linearly polarized light become oppositely oriented circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, the big portion of this two beams circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light
The port that light splitting is intersected by the both sides of coupler 6 enters fiber annular intracavitary, respectively fiber annular intracavitary is counterclockwise, up time
Pin transmits, and can pass through Transmission Fibers 7 and coupler 6 in the circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light of the transmission of fiber annular intracavitary, in circle
When polarised light or elliptically polarized light pass through 6 position of coupler every time, all sub-fraction can be exported from the cross-port of coupler 6
Light, remaining most light continue to circulate in fiber annular intracavitary.When have electric current (electric current 11 to be measured) by when, due to left-handed
It is different in the transmission speed of fiber annular intracavitary with right-circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light, produce the method for being proportional to current strength
Draw phase shiftFrom the two oppositely oriented beam circularly polarized lights or elliptically polarized light return light path of the output of fiber annular intracavitary, divide
Linearly polarized light is become again by circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light not after two quarter wave plates, and occurred at Y waveguide phase-modulator 31
Interference.Finally, carry output port of the interference light of phase information through beam splitter 21 and reach detector 8, detector 8 is by optical signal
It is changed into arriving signal process circuit 9 after electric signal, signal processing circuit 9 is drawn to Y waveguide phase-modulator 31 plus modulated signal
Enter withFeedback compensation phase shift equal in magnitude, in opposite direction, realizes the closed-loop control of system.Signal processing circuit 9 is finally defeated
Go out the data signal for carrying current information to be measured.
Wherein delay winding 4 can use panda type polarization-preserving fiber either oval core polarization maintaining optical fibre, to realize linearly polarized light
Linear polarization keep constant function.The structure of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity as shown in Fig. 2 including coupler 6 and sensor fibre 7,
Sensor fibre can be low birefringent fiber either rotary-type optical fiber;Coupler is 2 × 2 fiber couplers, and its splitting ratio is
1:99 to 15:85.
Using the splitting ratio of coupler 6 as 1:99 optic fiber ring-shaped cavity is illustrates example, if Fig. 2 middle port a original incident light intensity is
I0, the light intensity that optic fiber ring-shaped cavity is entered through coupler 6 is 0.99I0, it is assumed that the loss of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity in itself is not considered, then in chamber
One week light intensity through coupler port b outputs of interior transmission is 0.010.99I0, now intracavitary residue light intensity is 0.992Ι0, this
Light is 0.01 × 0.99 by port b output intensities after intracavitary circulates one week again2I0... after so circulating n times, port b light
Strong is 0.010.99nI0.When there is input light two ports of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, under some strength function of current, optical transport
The faraday's phase shift sensed for one week isSo optical transport n encloses (or perhaps light circulation n circles) caused interference light intensity afterwards
ForTo make FOCT (All-Fiber Optical Current
Transformer, all-fiber current sensor) detection sensitivity it is maximum, apply the offset phase that size is pi/2, interference light
It is changed into by forceFig. 3 show the interference light intensity that FOCT is exported when n takes 1,2,3 respectively
With the relation curve schematic diagram of faraday's phase shift, rectangular broken line frame is partial enlargement, it can be seen that when to output signal
When applying square-wave frequency modulation, corresponding n=1,2,3 three kinds of situations, the change of its output intensity is respectively △ I1、△I2、△I3, and △
I1< △ I2< △ I3, I1> I2> I3.Therefore, with circulation number of turns n increase, although FOCT interference light intensity has been decayed,
But the increase of light intensity amplitude of variation, so its detection sensitivity also increases.And its faraday's phase shift when circulating number of turns n increases
Also it is multiplied.
This detection sensitivity is not linear relationship with n increase, if takingThen under square-wave frequency modulation, do
The relation curve for relating to light intensity change △ I and circulation number of turns n is as shown in Figure 4.With circulation number of turns n increase, when n takes 79, △
I/I0=0.0064 is maximum, but now light intensity I=0.0077I0Very little, if input light intensity I0During=100 μ W, interference light
Only 0.77 μ W by force, now data processing of the FOCT detector to light signal collection and opto-electronic conversion and signal processing circuit
Difficulty it is big, therefore in practical work process, to consider light intensity magnitude, detection sensitivity and circulation number of turns n relation,
Choose best operating point.
Fig. 5 is another preferred structure schematic diagram of the annular cavate all-fiber current sensor of the present invention.The light of the embodiment
Fibre annular-type cavity includes a coupler 6, sensor fibre 7 and speculum 10, and light-splitting device uses circulator 22, and phase-modulator is adopted
With straight waveguide phase modulator 32, the incident light front end of straight waveguide phase modulator 32 is provided with 45 ° of fusing points, and circulator 22 passes through
45 ° of fusing points are connected with straight waveguide phase modulator 32, and straight waveguide phase modulator 32 passes through delay winding 4 and the phase of quarter wave plate 5
Even, quarter wave plate 5 and speculum 10 connect two ports of the side of coupler 6, two ports of the opposite side of coupler 6 respectively
The two ends of sensor fibre 7 are connected respectively.
As shown in figure 5, to the rear from the light that SLD light sources 1 are sent is through circulator 22 be changed into linearly polarized light, linearly polarized light warp
Become the two orthogonal line polarisations in beam polarization direction after 45 ° of fusing points;This two bunch polarised light is through straight waveguide phase modulator 32
With arrival quarter wave plate 5 after delay winding 4, the phase delay effect through quarter wave plate 5 becomes the oppositely oriented circular polarization of two beams
Light or elliptically polarized light;The port that circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light are intersected by the both sides of coupler 6 enters optic fiber ring-shaped cavity
Interior circle transmission, its transmitting procedure and the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 are similar, and difference is that the output light of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity is anti-
Penetrate in the reflected light fibre annular-type cavity of mirror 10 after circle transmission again in ability return light path.From the oppositely oriented of fiber annular intracavitary output
Two beam circularly polarized lights or elliptically polarized light return light path after, loop line is become by circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light after quarter wave plate 5
Polarised light, and interfered in the front end of straight waveguide phase modulator 32.Finally, the interference light of phase information is carried through circulator 22
Output port reach detector 8, detector 8, which is converted light signals into after electric signal, is transported to signal processing circuit 9, at signal
Reason circuit 9 adds modulated signal to integrated phase modulator, introduce withFeedback compensation phase shift equal in magnitude, in opposite direction, it is real
The closed-loop control of existing system.The final output of signal processing circuit 9 carries the data signal of current information to be measured.
Wherein delay winding can be panda type polarization-preserving fiber or oval core polarization maintaining optical fibre;Speculum can be fiber end face
Plated film plane mirror or faraday rotator mirror.Sensor fibre 7 in optic fiber ring-shaped cavity can be low birefringent fiber or
Rotary-type optical fiber;Coupler 6 is 2 × 2 single-mode optical-fibre couplers, and its splitting ratio is 1:99 to 15:85.
Relative to embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, light has walked one times of distance the fiber annular intracavitary more in embodiment illustrated in fig. 5.
Therefore relative to the technical scheme shown in Fig. 1, in the technical scheme shown in Fig. 5 faraday's phase shift caused by electric current also increase one
Times.Also, the light channel structure of the technical scheme shown in Fig. 5 has reciprocity, the introducing of the environmental factors such as shake, temperature can be reduced
Phase shift, reduce systematic error and simultaneously improve the stability of system.
Annular cavate all-fiber current sensor provided by the invention, increases light by way of introducing optic fiber ring-shaped cavity
Journey, so as to significantly increase faraday's phase shift, improve the small current measurement precision and measurement range of all-fiber current sensor.And
Because input light can be in fiber annular intracavitary circle transmission, so, the very short sensor fibre of use just can replace same aplanatism
The optical fiber of length, the fiber lengths used are short, can significantly reduce the even caused constant multiplier of temperature distributing disproportionation in sensing ring
Error, additionally it is possible to cost is reduced, also with the advantages of simple in construction, excess loss is low.
It should be pointed out that embodiment described above can make those skilled in the art that the present invention be more fully understood
Create, but do not limit the invention in any way is created.Therefore, although this specification is created with embodiment to the present invention referring to the drawings
Make and have been carried out being described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that still can be modified to the invention
Or equivalent substitution, in a word, all do not depart from the technical scheme of the spirit and scope of the invention and its improvement, and it all should contain
Cover among the protection domain of the invention patent.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of annular cavate all-fiber current sensor, is included in the phase-modulator set in the light path of incident light and delay
Coil, the delay winding and phase-modulator are also successively set in the light path of return light, it is characterised in that be additionally included in into
The quarter wave plate and optic fiber ring-shaped cavity being sequentially connected in the light path of light with delay winding are penetrated, the optic fiber ring-shaped cavity and quarter wave plate are also
It is successively set in the light path of return light, the optic fiber ring-shaped cavity includes sensor fibre, a speculum and a single-mode fiber
Coupler, the quarter wave plate and speculum connect two ports of single-mode optical-fibre coupler side, single-mode optical-fibre coupler respectively
Two ports of opposite side connect the two ends of sensor fibre respectively, the splitting ratio of the single-mode optical-fibre coupler is 1:99 to
15:85;The phase-modulator is straight waveguide phase modulator, and the incident light front end of the straight waveguide phase modulator is provided with
45 ° of fusing points, the straight waveguide phase modulator are connected by delay winding with quarter wave plate;Through phase in the light path of incident light
The two bunch polarised lights that modulator and delay winding are formed become the oppositely oriented circularly polarized light or ellipse of two beams after quarter wave plate
Polarised light, then the port intersected through single-mode optical-fibre coupler both sides enter fiber annular intracavitary circle transmission, in optic fiber ring-shaped cavity
Interior generation faraday's phase shift simultaneously exports two oppositely oriented beam circularly polarized lights or elliptically polarized light passes through single-mode optical-fibre coupler two
The port return light path of top-cross fork, linearly polarized light is become again after quarter wave plate by circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light;Work as fiber annular
When there is input light two ports of chamber, as light circulates the increase of the number of turns, detection sensitivity and faraday's phase shift increase.
2. annular cavate all-fiber current sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the delay winding is bear
Cat type polarization maintaining optical fibre or oval core polarization maintaining optical fibre.
3. annular cavate all-fiber current sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sensor fibre is low
Birefringence fiber or rotary-type optical fiber, the single-mode optical-fibre coupler are 2 × 2 single-mode optical-fibre couplers.
4. annular cavate all-fiber current sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the speculum is optical fiber
End face coating plane mirror or faraday rotator mirror.
5. annular cavate all-fiber current sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the light path of incident light
Also include SLD light sources and light-splitting device, the light-splitting device is connected with phase-modulator, and the light-splitting device is also located at return light
Light path on and the output of light-splitting device in the light path of return light be connected to detector, the detector connection signal transacting electricity
Road, the signal processing circuit feedback link to phase-modulator and output current information.
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