CN107817062B - A kind of oscillograph detection temperature sensor in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings - Google Patents
A kind of oscillograph detection temperature sensor in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107817062B CN107817062B CN201710982658.0A CN201710982658A CN107817062B CN 107817062 B CN107817062 B CN 107817062B CN 201710982658 A CN201710982658 A CN 201710982658A CN 107817062 B CN107817062 B CN 107817062B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of, and the oscillograph in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings detects temperature sensor, including：First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings, the 4th coupler, flat-top grating；First coupler and isolator, second coupler first entrance is connected, second coupler first outlet part is connected with FP chamber entrances, a part passes through attenuator, third coupler is connected with Sagnac rings, a second coupler second entrance part is connected with the outlet of FP chambers, a part is connected with attenuator, the second outlet of second coupler is connected with the first entrance of the 4th coupler, the first outlet of 4th coupler is connected with the entrance of flat-top grating, the outlet of flat-top grating is connected with the second entrance of the 4th coupler, the second outlet of 4th coupler is connected with photodetector and oscillograph.Using cursor effect, the temperature sensor sensitivity based on Sagnac rings and FP chamber parallel-connection structure temperature sensors than single Sagnac ring structures improves tens times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oscillographs to detect temperature sensor, more particularly to a kind of in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings
Oscillograph detect temperature sensor.
Background technology
It is too low currently based on the temperature sensor sensitivity of fiber grating, only about 10pm/ DEG C, based on long-period gratings
Temperature sensor sensitivity is relatively high, but there are problems that bending and exterior material cross sensitivity, once based on optical fiber mach-
The temperature sensor of Deccan interferometer or Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer is to extraneous vibration cross sensitivity, although compared to temperatures above
Sensor, ability of the temperature sensor with stronger anti-external interference based on the interference of single Sagnac rings, but usual feelings
Its sensitivity only has about 1nm/ DEG C under condition.Therefore, a kind of fibre optical sensor in higher sensitivity of development urgently solves as this field
Certainly the technical issues of.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the not high technical problems of current fibre optical sensor sensitivity, develop a kind of base
Temperature sensor is detected in the Sagnac rings oscillograph in parallel with FP chambers.
Specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of, the oscillograph in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings detects temperature sensor, packet
It includes：
First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings, the 4th coupling
Device, flat-top grating；First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings,
4th coupler, flat-top grating are connected by single mode optical fiber；
First coupler is connected with the isolator, the isolator and the second coupler first entrance phase
Even, the second coupler first outlet was not only connected with FP chamber entrances, but also was connected with attenuator entrance, second coupler the
Two entrances were not only connected with FP chambers outlet, but also were connected with attenuator outlet, the attenuator by the third coupler and
The Sagnac rings are connected, and the second outlet of second coupler is connected with the first entrance of the 4th coupler, and the described 4th
The first outlet of coupler is connected with the entrance of the flat-top grating, outlet and the 4th coupler of the flat-top grating
Second entrance is connected, and the second outlet of the 4th coupler is connected with photodetector and oscillograph.
Further, the diplopore optical fiber for being 0.1-2 meters comprising a segment length in the Sagnac rings, the diplopore optical fiber two
End and the single mode optical fiber welding；The diplopore optical fiber includes fibre core and two air symmetrical relative to the fibre core
Hole, two airports are interior to fill alcohol.
Further, the diameter of the diplopore optical fiber and single mode optical fiber is 110-140 microns, and the two of the diplopore optical fiber
The diameter of a airport is 10-30 microns, 40-60 microns of holes interval.
Further, the length of the diplopore optical fiber is 1 meter, and the diameter with single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, described double
The diameter of two airports of hole optical fiber is 20 microns, 50 microns of holes interval.
Further, FP chambers are single mode optical fiber described in the welding of quartz ampoule both ends, and the quartz length of tube is that 100-500 is micro-
Rice, the quartz pipe outside diameter and the single mode fiber diameters are 110-140 microns, and the quartz bore is 20-80 microns.
Further, the quartzy length of tube is 300 microns, and the quartz pipe outside diameter is with the single mode fiber diameters
125 microns, the quartz bore is 60 microns.
Further, the FP chambers interference spectrum is：
Wherein, IFPFor FP chamber interference spectrum light intensity, I1And I2The respectively reflective light intensity in FP cavity reflections face 1 and reflecting surface 2, d
For the length of FP chambers, n is FP chamber air refractive index, and λ is the wavelength of incident light, the Free Spectral Range FSR of FP chambersFPFor
FSRFP=λ2/2nd (2)
The transmission spectrum of the Sagnac rings is：
Wherein, IsagnacFor Sagnac ring interference spectrum light intensity, B and L are respectively the double refractive inde and length of diplopore optical fiber, λ
For the wavelength of incident light, the Free Spectral Range FSR of Sagnac ringsSagnacFor
FSRSagnac=λ2/BL (4)
Interfere the Free Spectral Range FSR of spectrum envelopeEnvelopeWith FP chamber Free Spectral Ranges FSRFPIt is free with Sagnac rings
Spectral region FSRSagnacRelationship be
When Sagnac ring frequency displacements under the influence of temperature, interfere spectrum envelope frequency displacement therewith, and frequency shift amount is Sagnac rings
M times of frequency shift amount, M are sensitivity enhancement factor, are expressed as
The value range of the M is 10-50.
Further, the value of the M is 20.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention proposes the temperature sensor based on Sagnac rings Yu FP chamber parallel-connection structures,
When the Free Spectral Range of the Free Spectral Range of Sagnac rings and FP chambers is close, signal light is constituted through Sagnac rings and FP chambers
Parallel-connection structure after, interference spectrum will will produce envelope, when the temperature is changed, interfere spectrum envelope frequency displacement be Sagnac ring interference spectrums
Tens times of frequency displacement, this phenomenon is known as cursor effect.Using cursor effect, the temperature based on Sagnac rings Yu FP chamber parallel-connection structures
Sensor improves tens times than the temperature sensor sensitivity based on single Sagnac ring structures.
Description of the drawings
To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, make required in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly introduced, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without having to pay creative labor, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
His attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic diagram of temperature sensor of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is diplopore fiber cross-sections figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is FP cavity configuration principle schematics of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (a) is that independent FP chambers and the interference of Sagnac rings are general；
Fig. 4 (b) is that FP chambers and Sagnac ring parallel connections interference are general；
Fig. 5 (a) is the interference spectrum of single Sagnac rings interferometer and single FP chambers interferometer；
Fig. 5 (b) is that FP chambers and Sagnac ring parallel connections interference are general；
The interference spectrum of Fig. 6 (a) single Sagnac rings and single FP chambers when being 42.2 DEG C and 43.0 DEG C；
FP chambers and Sagnac ring parallel connection interference spectrums when Fig. 6 (b) is 42.2 DEG C and 43.0 DEG C；
Fig. 7 is single Sagnac rings and parallel-connection structure interference spectrum frequency displacement variation with temperature.
Specific implementation mode
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the present invention make into
It is described in detail to one step, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole implementation
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
All other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The preferred embodiment that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention relates to a kind of, the oscillograph in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings detects temperature sensor,
Including：
First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings, the 4th coupling
Device, flat-top grating；First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings,
4th coupler, flat-top grating are connected by single mode optical fiber；
First coupler is connected with the isolator, the isolator and the second coupler first entrance phase
Even, the second coupler first outlet was not only connected with FP chamber entrances, but also was connected with attenuator entrance, second coupler the
Two entrances were not only connected with FP chambers outlet, but also were connected with attenuator outlet, the attenuator by the third coupler and
The Sagnac rings are connected, and the second outlet of second coupler is connected with the first entrance of the 4th coupler, and the described 4th
The first outlet of coupler is connected with the entrance of the flat-top grating, outlet and the 4th coupler of the flat-top grating
Second entrance is connected, and the second outlet of the 4th coupler is connected with photodetector and oscillograph.
After detection light (usually taking C-band to the ASE light sources of L-band) enters single mode optical fiber by the first coupler, and pass through
Isolator is crossed, avoids light path repeatedly, then optical signal is divided into two beams by the second coupler, and light beam enters FP chambers, optical signal
After the reflection of the front-back of FP chambers, interference fringe (shown in such as Fig. 4 (a)) is formed due to there is position difference, another light beam is logical
It crosses third coupler and enters Sagnac rings, be respectively along two beams of fast and slow axis transmission through the diplopore optical fibre time division in Sagnac rings
Light, when this two-beam meets through third coupler again, will form Sagnac interference items since fast and slow axis refractive index is different
Line, (shown in such as Fig. 4 (a)), two parts interference signal light is superimposed by the second coupler, forms envelope (such as Fig. 4 after superposition
(b) shown in), the light is received after flat-top grating by photodetector and oscillograph by the 4th coupler, wherein in order to
Keep the signal strength of two parts light beam suitable, be easy to get Overlay, the interference light come out from Sagnac rings needs to use to decline
Subtract device to decay.The three dB bandwidth of the flat-top FBG is equal to the Free Spectral Range of Sagnac rings.
As shown in Figure 2, wherein the diplopore optical fiber for being 0.1-2 meters comprising a segment length in the Sagnac rings, the diplopore
Optical fiber both ends and the single mode optical fiber welding；The diplopore optical fiber includes that fibre core and two are symmetrical relative to the fibre core
Airport fills alcohol in two airports, can also fill other thermo-responsive liquid such as kerosene, pass through sensitive liquids
Variation of the material to ambient temperature, causes the variation of optical fibre refractivity, so that the Free Spectral Range of Sagnac rings occurs
Variation, incident light interfere the amplification change that the Free Spectral Range of integral sensors is finally reflected (shown in such as Fig. 4 (b))
Change signal, is detected by oscillograph.
Wherein, the diameter of the diplopore optical fiber and single mode optical fiber are 110-140 microns, two skies of the diplopore optical fiber
The diameter of stomata is 10-30 microns, 40-60 microns of holes interval, and the size is the energy derived according to above-mentioned formula
The preferred dimensions for enough accurately measuring temperature change have excellent detectability also by experimental simulation, can obtain optimal
Temperature detecting precision.
Wherein, the length of the diplopore optical fiber is 1 meter, and diameter and single mode optical fiber are 125 microns, the diplopore optical fiber
The diameter of two airports is 20 microns, 50 microns of holes interval, and the size is the energy derived according to above-mentioned formula
The preferred dimensions for enough accurately measuring temperature change have excellent detectability also by experimental simulation, can obtain optimal
Temperature detecting precision.
Wherein, as shown in figure 3, FP chambers are single mode optical fiber described in the welding of quartz ampoule both ends, the quartz length of tube is 100-
500 microns, the quartz pipe outside diameter and the single mode fiber diameters are 110-140 microns, and the quartz bore is 20-80
Micron, the size is the preferred dimensions that can accurately measure temperature change derived according to above-mentioned formula, also by reality
Testing simulation has excellent detectability, can obtain optimal temperature detecting precision.
Incoming signal light part is reflected in reflecting surface 1, is partly transmitted in reflecting surface 1, is reflected in reflecting surface 2, in reflecting surface 1
There are phase differences for the signal light reflected with reflecting surface 2, and interference signal is generated after superposition (shown in such as Fig. 4 (a)).
Wherein, the quartzy length of tube is 300 microns, and the quartz pipe outside diameter and the single mode fiber diameters are 125
Micron, the quartz bore is 60 microns, and the size is that can accurately measure temperature according to what above-mentioned formula was derived
The preferred dimensions of variation have excellent detectability also by experimental simulation, can obtain optimal temperature detecting precision.
Wherein, when detection light is incident on FP chambers, the FP chambers interference spectrum is：
Wherein, IFPFor FP chamber interference spectrum light intensity, I1And I2The respectively reflective light intensity in FP cavity reflections face 1 and reflecting surface 2, d
For the length of FP chambers, n is FP chamber air refractive index, and λ is the wavelength of incident light, the Free Spectral Range FSR of FP chambersFPFor (such as
Shown in Fig. 4 (a))
FSRFP=λ2/2nd (2)
When detection light is incident on Sagnac rings, the transmission spectrum of the Sagnac rings is：
Wherein, IsagnacFor Sagnac ring interference spectrum light intensity, B and L are respectively the double refractive inde and length of diplopore optical fiber, λ
For the wavelength of incident light, the Free Spectral Range FSR of Sagnac ringsSagnacFor (shown in such as Fig. 4 (a))
FSRSagnac=λ2/BL (4)
Interfere the Free Spectral Range FSR of spectrum envelopeEnvelopeWith FP chamber Free Spectral Ranges FSRFPIt is free with Sagnac rings
Spectral region FSRSagnacRelationship be (such as Fig. 4 (b) shown in)
When Sagnac ring frequency displacements under the influence of temperature, interfere spectrum envelope frequency displacement therewith, and frequency shift amount is Sagnac rings
M times of frequency shift amount, M are sensitivity enhancement factor, are expressed as
In principle, the value of M is bigger, illustrates that amplified signal is bigger, and temperature sensing sensitivity is higher, can from above-mentioned formula (6)
To find out, work as FSRFPWith FSREnvelopeWhen close, the value of M is infinity, but spectral region FSR in parallel at this timeEnvelopeAlso it is nothing
Poor big, oscillograph can not measure the Free Spectral Range at this time, also can not just measure the variation of temperature, therefore, by experiment
It proves, the value range of the M is that 10-50 is preferable.It is preferred that the value of the M is 20.
As change in temperature Δ T, Sagnac rings just will produce frequency displacement, frequency shift amount Δ λSagnacFor
Wherein, the variable quantity of the double refractive inde of diplopore optical fiber when Δ B is change in temperature Δ T.
FP chambers are extremely insensitive to temperature, and as the fixed ruler of " vernier caliper ", Sagnac rings are temperature sensitive, as " trip
The sliding ruler of mark slide calliper rule ".When Sagnac ring frequency displacements under the influence of temperature, interfere spectrum envelope frequency displacement therewith, and frequency shift amount is
M times of Sagnac ring frequency shift amounts.
Therefore, interfere spectrum envelope with the frequency displacement Δ λ of temperatureEnvelopeIt is represented by
That is Δ λEnvelope=Δ λSagnac·M (9)
The frequency shift amount for interfering spectrum envelope to vary with temperature by detection can be obtained FP chambers and Sagnac circumstance temperature degree in parallel and pass
The sensitivity of sensor, sensitivity are M times of single Sagnac rings sensitivity degree, and usual M values are in 10-50.Therefore, the parallel connection temperature
Degree sensor improves the 1-2 order of magnitude relative to single Sagnac circumstance temperatures degree transducer sensitivity.
Light source needed for the above-mentioned temperature sensor based on Sagnac rings and FP chamber parallel-connection structures, wave-length coverage preferably cover
About 80-100nm, such as the ASE light sources including C-band and L-band, or wideband light source.
As illustrated in figs. 5-7, Fig. 5 (a) is the interference of single Sagnac rings interferometer and single FP chambers interferometer to experimental data
Spectrum；Experiment measures, and the period is respectively 3.21nm and 3.38nm, and the M amplification factors in conjunction with known to calculating formula (5) are 19.9, Fig. 5
(b) it is series connection interference spectrum, experiment measures, period 48nm.
The interference spectrum of Fig. 6 (a) single Sagnac rings when being 42.2 DEG C and 43.0 DEG C, when temperature is increased to 43.0 by 42.2 DEG C
DEG C when, the interference spectrum blue shift 0.8nm of single Sagnac rings, Fig. 6 (b) single Sagnac rings and individually when being 42.2 DEG C and 43.0 DEG C
Interference spectrum after the cascade of FP chambers, when temperature is increased to 43.0 DEG C by 42.2 DEG C, interference spectrum blue shift 23nm.
Fig. 7 is single Sagnac rings and cascade structure interference spectrum frequency displacement variation with temperature, it is known that cascaded structure sensitivity
It it is 20.7 times of single Sagnac rings, this experimental result is coincide substantially with notional result (19.9).
To sum up, the present invention proposes the temperature sensor based on Sagnac rings Yu FP chamber parallel-connection structures, when Sagnac rings
When the Free Spectral Range of Free Spectral Range and FP chambers is close, parallel-connection structure of the signal light through Sagnac rings and FP chambers composition
Afterwards, interference spectrum will will produce envelope, and when the temperature is changed, it is the tens of Sagnac ring interference spectrum frequency displacements to interfere the frequency displacement of spectrum envelope
Times, this phenomenon is known as cursor effect.Using cursor effect, the temperature sensor based on Sagnac rings and FP chamber parallel-connection structures compares base
Tens times are improved in the temperature sensor sensitivity of single Sagnac ring structures, to be conducive to improve the measurement of fibre optical sensor
Precision.
Relative to single Sagnac rings temperature sensor, the temperature sensor temperature measurement sensitivity based on the parallel-connection structure
Improve the 1-2 order of magnitude；The structure has high anti-interference ability to extraneous vibration.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely exemplary, wherein the unit illustrated as separating component can
It is physically separated with being or may not be, the component shown as unit may or may not be physics list
Member, you can be located at a place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can be selected according to the actual needs
In some or all of module achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that each embodiment can
It is realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform, naturally it is also possible to pass through hardware.Based on this understanding, on
Stating technical solution, substantially the part that contributes to existing technology can be expressed in the form of software products in other words, should
Computer software product can store in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including several fingers
It enables and using so that a computer equipment (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes each implementation
Method described in certain parts of example or embodiment.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that：It still may be used
With technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these modifications or replacements, various embodiments of the present invention technical solution that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of oscillograph in parallel with FP chambers based on Sagnac rings detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that including：
First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings, the 4th coupler,
Flat-top grating；First coupler, isolator, the second coupler, FP chambers, attenuator, third coupler, Sagnac rings, the
Four couplers, flat-top grating are connected by single mode optical fiber；
First coupler is connected with the isolator, and the isolator is connected with the second coupler first entrance, institute
It states the second coupler first outlet to be not only connected with FP chamber entrances, but also is connected with attenuator entrance, second coupler second enters
Mouth not only with the FP chambers outlet was connected, but also with attenuator export be connected, the attenuator by the third coupler with it is described
Sagnac rings are connected, and the second outlet of second coupler is connected with the first entrance of the 4th coupler, the 4th coupling
The first outlet of device is connected with the entrance of the flat-top grating, the outlet of the flat-top grating and the second of the 4th coupler
Entrance is connected, and the second outlet of the 4th coupler is connected with photodetector and oscillograph.
2. oscillograph according to claim 1 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that
The diplopore optical fiber for being 0.1-2 meters comprising a segment length in the Sagnac rings, diplopore optical fiber both ends and the single mode
Fused fiber splice；The diplopore optical fiber includes fibre core and two airports symmetrical relative to the fibre core, two skies
Alcohol is filled in stomata.
3. oscillograph according to claim 2 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that
The diameter of the diplopore optical fiber and single mode optical fiber is 110-140 microns, two airports of the diplopore optical fiber it is straight
Diameter is 10-30 microns, 40-60 microns of holes interval.
4. oscillograph according to claim 3 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that
The length of the diplopore optical fiber is 1 meter, and the diameter with single mode optical fiber is 125 microns, two of the diplopore optical fiber
The diameter of airport is 20 microns, 50 microns of holes interval.
5. oscillograph according to claim 1 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that
FP chambers are single mode optical fiber described in the welding of quartz ampoule both ends, and the quartz length of tube is 100-500 microns, outside the quartz ampoule
Diameter and the single mode fiber diameters are 110-140 microns, and the quartz bore is 20-80 microns.
6. oscillograph according to claim 5 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that
The quartz length of tube is 300 microns, and the quartz pipe outside diameter and the single mode fiber diameters are 125 microns, described
Quartzy bore is 60 microns.
7. oscillograph according to claim 1 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that
The FP chambers interference spectrum is：
Wherein, IFPFor FP chamber interference spectrum light intensity, I1And I2The respectively reflective light intensity in FP cavity reflections face 1 and reflecting surface 2, d are FP chambers
Length, n be FP chamber air refractive index, λ be incident light wavelength, the Free Spectral Range FSR of FP chambersFPFor
FSRFP=λ2/2nd (2)
The transmission spectrum of the Sagnac rings is：
Wherein, IsagnacFor Sagnac ring interference spectrum light intensity, B and L are respectively the double refractive inde and length of diplopore optical fiber, λ be into
Penetrate the wavelength of light, the Free Spectral Range FSR of Sagnac ringsSagnacFor
FSRSagnac=λ2/BL (4)
Interfere the Free Spectral Range FSR of spectrum envelopeEnvelopeWith FP chamber Free Spectral Ranges FSRFPWith Sagnac ring free spectrums
Range FSRSagnacRelationship be
When Sagnac ring frequency displacements under the influence of temperature, interfere spectrum envelope frequency displacement therewith, and frequency shift amount is Sagnac ring frequency displacements
M times of amount, M are sensitivity enhancement factor, are expressed as
The value range of the M is 10-50.
8. oscillograph according to claim 7 detects temperature sensor, which is characterized in that the value of the M is 20.
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| CN104597304A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-05-06 | 贵州电力试验研究院 | Ring cavity type all-fiber current sensor |
| CN105572806A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-11 | 上海交通大学 | Optical filtering device based on silicon-based double-Sagnac-loop-mirror loop structure |
| CN105651488A (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2016-06-08 | 河南师范大学 | Measuring method for achieving optical fiber dispersion based on laser beat frequency |
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