CN111207714B - Tree diameter measuring method and tool - Google Patents
Tree diameter measuring method and tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN111207714B CN111207714B CN202010097663.5A CN202010097663A CN111207714B CN 111207714 B CN111207714 B CN 111207714B CN 202010097663 A CN202010097663 A CN 202010097663A CN 111207714 B CN111207714 B CN 111207714B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/10—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tree diameter measuring method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: collecting the outer contour data of the cross section of the tree path to be detected and transmitting the data to a data processing system; step two: calculating the cross section area of the tree diameter through a data processing system; step three: calculating the tree diameter cross section area according to the circular area formula S = pi r2The radius is obtained, and the diameter is obtained. There is also provided a tree diameter measuring tool comprising: the hoop type fixing mechanism is composed of two arc-shaped clamps which are symmetrically arranged; the guide groove is coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the hoop type fixing mechanism; the distance measuring sensor moves along the guide groove under the action of the driving device, and the measuring direction always faces to the circle center of the guide groove in the moving process; the circular grating is annular and is coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the hoop type fixing mechanism; and the data processing system is used for receiving the data transmitted by the circular grating and the ranging sensor, and performing calculation processing to obtain the diameter of the tree diameter measurement position.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forest resource investigation, in particular to a method and a tool for measuring a tree diameter.
Background
Forests are important renewable resources on the earth and are necessary conditions for human survival, provide habitation environments for various organisms, and are the most important life support system on the earth. In order to maintain forest resource maintenance, forest resource investigation must be regularly performed, and forest resource investigation must be performed to investigate the occurrence, development, utilization and updating of forest resources. Therefore, the investigation of tree resources is very important in forest resource investigation, and the investigation of tree resources is most critical to measuring the tree diameter of trees, in the prior art, the measurement of the tree diameter is generally completed manually, and a measurer measures the tree diameter into a forest by using a tool in a hand.
At present, common tools for measuring the diameter comprise a wheel ruler, a circumference ruler and a laser diameter measuring instrument;
(1) wheel ruler: also known as calipers, are made of wood or aluminum. Can be divided into a fixed foot, a sliding foot and a ruler body. When the diameter is measured, the ruler body and the two feet are simultaneously contacted with the cross section of the measured tree and read.
(2) Diameter tape measure: also known as a tape, comprises a cloth tape, a steel tape and a thin bamboo tape. The upper and lower sides of one side of the circumference ruler are marked with diameter readings corresponding to the circumference.
(3) CCD diameter measuring instrument and laser scanning diameter measuring instrument, and use optical geometry principle.
The linear array CCD is placed in the parallel light path, the measured object is placed in the light path in front of the CCD, and the light emitted to the CCD is partially blocked by the object, so that the signal output by the CCD has a notch, the diameter of the measured object is obtained by the corresponding relation between the width of the notch and the size of the object, but the large-size CCD is particularly expensive.
Laser scanning measurement: the object placed in the measuring area is scanned at high speed, the light projected onto the photoelectric receiver is intercepted when the light beam scans the object, and the data related to the diameter of the object can be obtained by analyzing the signal output by the photoelectric receiver.
The measurement methods used by the measuring instruments and the measured data are not accurate, and a plurality of groups of data need to be measured, and the average value is taken as the reference value of the tree diameter. And for the trunk section is irregular, the measuring part has a depression, and the measuring error deviation is larger. Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a tree diameter measuring method, which is characterized in that according to the cross section area of a tree measuring part, the cross section area is converted into the diameter of a circle according to a circle area formula and used as a reference value of the tree diameter, the measured data is more scientific, the average value does not need to be obtained through multiple measurements, and the accuracy is high; still provide a tree footpath measuring tool, simple structure, convenient to use, intelligent degree is high, can directly obtain the measurement numerical value of tree footpath.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for measuring the diameter of the tree, the diameter of the circle is converted into a reference value of the diameter of the tree according to the area formula of the circle according to the cross section area of the measured part of the tree, the measured data is more scientific, the average value does not need to be obtained through multiple measurements, and the accuracy is high; still provide a tree footpath measuring tool, simple structure, convenient to use, intelligent degree is high, can directly obtain the measurement numerical value of tree footpath.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a tree diameter measuring method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting the outer contour data of the cross section of the tree path to be detected and transmitting the data to a data processing system;
step two: calculating the cross section area of the tree diameter through a data processing system;
step three: calculating the tree diameter cross section area according to the circular area formula S = pi r2The radius is obtained, and the diameter is obtained.
As a further improvement of the present invention, when the outer contour of the cross section of the tree path to be measured is collected in the step one, the method is implemented by the following steps:
1) arranging a circular track C surrounding the tree diameter, and arranging a circular grating outside the circular track C;
2) the distance measuring sensor moves along the circular track C, and the measuring direction of the distance measuring sensor always faces to the circle center direction of the circular track C in the moving process;
3) the circular grating collects the angle quantity of the distance measuring sensor, the distance measuring sensor synchronously collects the distance L2 between the distance measuring sensor and the tree, the angle quantity and the distance L2 are transmitted to the data processing system, and a plurality of groups of data are collected;
4) the data processing system can calculate the distance L3= L1-L2 from the circle center of the circular track C at the measuring point of the outer contour of the tree diameter to the circle center of the circular track C according to the synchronously acquired angle quantity and the distance L2, wherein L1 is the distance between the distance measuring sensor and the circle center of the circular track C, and therefore the outer contour of the cross section of the measuring point of the tree diameter can be constructed according to the distance L3 calculated according to a plurality of acquired data.
A tree diameter measurement tool, comprising:
the hoop type fixing mechanism is annular in whole and comprises two arc-shaped clamps which are symmetrically arranged, one ends of the two arc-shaped clamps are hinged together through a connecting piece, the other ends of the two arc-shaped clamps are buckled together through an inserting block I and an inserting slot I which are respectively arranged on the two arc-shaped clamps, a through hole I is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the arc-shaped clamp of the inserting slot I, a fixing pin is arranged in the through hole I, and the fixing pin vertically penetrates through the inserting block I and the inserting slot I; the side surface of the arc-shaped clamp is provided with a plurality of jacks along the radial direction, ejector rods are arranged in the jacks, supporting pieces are arranged at the inner ends of the ejector rods, and the jacks and the ejector rods are connected in a threaded fit manner;
the guide grooves are annular integrally and coaxially arranged on the upper surfaces of the hoop type fixing mechanisms, and the upper surfaces of the two arc-shaped clamps are respectively provided with a semi-annular arc-shaped guide groove;
the distance measuring sensor moves along the guide groove under the action of the driving device, and the measuring direction always faces to the circle center of the guide groove in the moving process;
the circular grating is annular and coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the hoop type fixing mechanism, the upper surfaces of the two arc-shaped clamps are respectively provided with a semi-annular arc-shaped circular grating, and the circular gratings are used for collecting the rotation angle measurement of the distance measuring sensor arranged above the circular gratings;
and the data processing system receives the data transmitted by the circular grating and the ranging sensor, performs calculation processing, and converts the data into the diameter of a circle according to the area formula of the circle according to the area of the cross surface of the tree diameter measuring part to be used as a reference value of the tree diameter.
As a further improvement of the invention, the driving device comprises a guide block arranged in the guide groove and ropes respectively arranged in the two arc-shaped guide grooves;
the profiles of the two sides of the guide block are in an arc shape matched with the side wall of the guide groove, pull rings are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the guide block, a vertical plate is arranged on the guide block, a mounting plate is arranged on the vertical plate, the distance measuring sensor is arranged on the mounting plate, and the outer end of the mounting plate is positioned above the circular grating;
the two free ends of the rope are respectively positioned at the free ends of the two arc-shaped guide grooves, the other ends of the two ropes penetrate through holes formed in the side walls of the arc-shaped guide grooves on the adjacent arc-shaped clamps after penetrating through the arc-shaped guide grooves, and are wound on a winding wheel which is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of a motor, the motor is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the arc-shaped clamp, and the two free ends of the rope are respectively provided with a connecting ring and a lock catch which can connect the two free ends of the rope together;
the guide block is arranged on the rope through two pull rings at two ends of the guide block, wherein the distance between the free end of the rope and the guide block is not less than the arc length of the arc-shaped guide groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, two ends of the guide block are provided with conical blocks, and the pull ring is arranged at the tip ends of the conical blocks.
As a further improvement of the invention, rollers rolling along the side walls of the guide grooves are arranged on two sides of the guide block.
As a further improvement of the invention, the upper surfaces of the free ends of the two arc-shaped clamps are fixedly provided with upright columns, and the upright columns are provided with locking devices which can fix the connecting rings and the lock catches at the free ends of the two ropes at the upper side.
As a further improvement of the invention, the driving device comprises two semi-annular arc gears arranged in the two arc guide grooves and a driving gear meshed with the two semi-annular arc gears, the two arc gears are spliced together along with the two arc clamps, the two arc gears are also spliced together, two free ends of each arc gear are respectively provided with a second insertion block and a second insertion slot, the second insertion block and the second insertion slot are provided with corresponding second through holes, and the second insertion block and the second insertion slot at the splicing position of the two arc gears are connected through a locking pin inserted in the second through hole after being inserted together;
the arc-shaped clamp is characterized in that an avoiding groove is formed in the outer side wall of the arc-shaped clamp, the driving gear is meshed with the arc-shaped gear through the avoiding groove, the driving gear is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the motor, and the motor is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the arc-shaped clamp.
As a further improvement of the invention, the inner wall of the arc gear is provided with a roller which rolls along the side wall of the guide groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, a plurality of connecting rods are arranged below the arc-shaped clamp, the connecting rods are hinged with one end of the supporting rod, the free end of the supporting rod is hinged with an anti-skid sheet, and a tension spring is arranged between the middle part of the supporting rod and the bottom surface of the arc-shaped clamp.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
according to the tree diameter measuring method, the outline of the cross section of the part to be measured of the tree diameter is collected, the area of the cross section of the tree diameter is calculated through the data processing system, the area formula of the circle is converted into the diameter of the circle, the diameter of the circle is used as a reference value of the tree diameter, the measured data are more scientific, the average value does not need to be obtained through multiple times of measurement, and the accuracy is high.
When gathering the outer contour of the cross section of the to-be-measured part of the tree diameter, through setting up the circular orbit C surrounding the tree diameter, and set up the circular grating outside the circular orbit C, make the distance measuring sensor follow the circular orbit C moves, the angle quantity of the distance measuring sensor is gathered to the circular grating, the distance measuring sensor gathers the distance L2 between it and the tree synchronously, and convey angle quantity and distance L2 to data processing system, data processing system constructs the outer contour of the cross section of the to-be-measured part of the tree diameter according to the multiunit data conversion of synchronous collection. The data acquisition mode is simple and convenient, and the accuracy is high.
The tree footpath measuring tool is provided with the staple bolt formula fixed establishment that can open and shut that two arc anchor clamps constitute to set up annular guide way on it, the guide way is formed by two arc guide ways amalgamations, distance measuring sensor can be smooth and easy follow the guide way slides by oneself, carries out data acquisition, simple structure, and convenient to use, intelligent degree is high, can directly reachs tree footpath and measure numerical value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view at a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion B in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of C in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 5 at D.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view at B-B in fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view at E in fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the mechanism of the arc gear of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of tree diameter measurement in the present invention.
Wherein: the device comprises an arc-shaped clamp 1, a connecting piece 2, a jack 3, a mandril 4, a support sheet 5, an insertion block 6, an insertion block I7, an insertion slot I8, a through hole I9, a fixing pin 10, an upright post 11, a guide groove 11, a guide block 12, a vertical plate 13, a conical block 14, a pull ring 15, a rope 16, a connecting ring 16-1, a lock catch 16-2, a mounting plate 17, a distance measuring sensor 18, a through hole 19, a winding wheel 20, a motor 21, an output shaft 22, a circular grating 23, an arc-shaped gear 24, an insertion block II 24-1, an insertion block II 24-2, a through hole II 24-3, a driving gear 25, a connecting rod 26, a supporting rod 27, an antiskid sheet 28, a tension spring 29, a roller 30 and an outline 31.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 11, the present invention provides a method for measuring a tree diameter, including the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data of the outer contour 31 of the cross section of the tree path to be detected and transmitting the data to a data processing system;
step two: calculating the cross section area of the tree diameter through a data processing system;
step three: calculating the tree diameter cross section area according to the circular area formula S = pi r2The radius is obtained, and the diameter is obtained.
In this embodiment, when the cross-section outer contour 31 of the to-be-measured portion of the tree diameter is collected in the first step, the method is implemented in the following manner:
1) a circular track C surrounding the tree diameter is arranged, and a circular grating 23 is coaxially arranged outside the circular track C;
2) the distance measuring sensor 18 moves along the circular track C, and in the moving process, the measuring direction of the distance measuring sensor 18 always faces to the circle center direction of the circular track C;
3) the circular grating 23 collects the angle quantity of the distance measuring sensor 18, the distance measuring sensor 18 synchronously collects the distance L2 between the distance measuring sensor and the tree, the angle quantity and the distance L2 are transmitted to the data processing system, and a plurality of groups of data are collected;
4) the data processing system can calculate the distance L3= L1-L2 from the center of the circular track C to the measuring point of the outer contour 31 of the tree diameter when the angle quantity is synchronously acquired according to the distance L2 and the angle quantity, wherein L1 is the distance between the ranging sensor 18 and the center of the circular track C, and therefore the outer contour 31 of the cross section of the measuring position of the tree diameter can be constructed according to the distance L3 calculated according to a plurality of acquired groups of data. When data acquisition is performed, as many groups of data as possible are acquired, and when the outer contour 31 is constructed by the data processing system, the distances L3 and the points determined by the corresponding angle quantities relative to the set base points are connected to be closer to the actual contour of the tree diameter, in this embodiment, 360 groups of data acquisition are performed, and data acquisition is performed every time the distance measuring sensor 18 rotates by 1 °.
The tree diameter measuring method comprises the steps of collecting the outline 31 of the cross section of a to-be-measured part of the tree diameter, calculating the area of the cross section of the tree diameter through a data processing system, and calculating according to the area formula S = pi r2The diameter of converting into the circle, as the reference value of trees diameter, measured data is more scientific, need not measure many times moreover and seeks the average value, and the accuracy is high.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a tree diameter measuring tool, which includes:
the hoop type fixing mechanism is annular in whole and comprises two arc-shaped clamps 1 which are symmetrically arranged, one ends of the two arc-shaped clamps 1 are hinged together through a connecting piece 2, the other ends of the two arc-shaped clamps 1 are buckled together through an inserting block I6 and an inserting slot I7 which are respectively arranged on the two arc-shaped clamps 1, a through hole I8 is vertically arranged on the upper surface of the arc-shaped clamp 1 of the inserting slot I7, a fixing pin 9 is arranged in the through hole I8, and the fixing pin 9 vertically penetrates through the inserting block I6 and the inserting slot I7; two arc anchor clamps 1 side is respectively equipped with two jacks 3 along radial, be equipped with ejector pin 4 in the jack 3, ejector pin 4 inner is equipped with backing sheet 5, through screw-thread fit connection between jack 3 and the ejector pin 4, through ejector pin 4 will staple bolt formula fixed establishment fixes in trees diameter department that awaits measuring.
The guide groove 11 is annular and coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the hoop type fixing mechanism, and the upper surfaces of the two arc-shaped clamps 1 are respectively provided with a semi-annular arc-shaped guide groove.
And the distance measuring sensor 18 moves along the guide groove 11 under the action of the driving device, and the measuring direction always faces to the circle center of the guide groove 11 in the moving process.
Circular grating 23, its whole is the annular, coaxial set up in staple bolt formula fixed establishment upper surface, two arc anchor clamps 1 upper surface respectively is equipped with the arc circular grating of a semicircular, circular grating 23 is used for gathering and locates its top range sensor 18's rotation angle volume. The first arc-shaped circular grating collects the angle data of 0-180 degrees, and the second arc-shaped circular grating collects the angle data of 180-360 degrees.
And the data processing system receives the data transmitted by the circular grating 23 and the ranging sensor 18, and calculates and processes the data to obtain the diameter of the tree diameter measurement position. The data processing system is the conventional technology, and can perform any area of closed-loop graphics even through AutoCAD, and the details are not repeated here. The data processing system can also be connected with a display, and the tree-path outer contour 31 can be visually displayed on the display.
The driving device has many modes, and the simplest mode is that the distance measuring sensor 18 rotates around the tree for one circle under the action of thrust through manual driving, so that in order to realize high intelligence and automation and save manpower, the driving device is taken as an implementation mode of:
the driving device comprises a guide block 12 clamped in the guide groove 11 and ropes 16 respectively arranged in the two arc-shaped guide grooves.
The free ends of the two ropes 16 are respectively located at the free ends of the two arc guide grooves, the other ends of the two ropes 16 penetrate through the arc guide grooves in the arc guide grooves, penetrate out of via holes 19 formed in the side walls of the arc guide grooves on the adjacent arc fixtures 1 and are wound on winding wheels 20, the winding wheels 20 are fixedly arranged on output shafts 22 of motors 21, the motors 21 are fixedly arranged on the outer side walls of the arc fixtures 1, the two ropes 16 penetrate out of the via holes 19 formed in the side walls of the adjacent arc guide grooves after crossing, so that the guide blocks 12 can rotate in the guide grooves 11 at 360 degrees without dead angles, a measuring blind area is prevented from being formed at the hinged positions of the two arc fixtures 1, the motors 21 are servo motors, and the forward and reverse rotation of the output shafts 22 can be realized. The free ends of the two ropes 16 are respectively provided with a connecting ring 16-1 and a lock catch 16-2, the free ends of the two ropes 16 can be connected together, and the connecting ring 16-1 and the lock catch 16-2 are similar to a lock catch device on a jewelry necklace. The upper surfaces of the free ends of the two arc-shaped clamps 1 are fixedly provided with vertical columns 10, the vertical columns 10 are provided with locking devices which can fix the connecting rings 16-1 and the latches 16-2 at the free ends of the two ropes 16 on the upper sides, and the locking devices can be of structures similar to the latches 16-2. When the tree diameter measuring tool is not used, the free end of the rope 16 can be fixed through a locking device on the upright post 10 in order to prevent the free end of the rope 16 from running randomly, and when the tree diameter measuring tool is required to be used, the free end of the rope 16 is taken down and is connected together through the connecting ring 16-1 and the lock catch 16-2.
The guide block 12 is arranged on one rope 16 through two pull rings 15 at two ends of the guide block, wherein the distance between the free end of the rope 16 and the guide block 12 is not less than the arc length of the arc-shaped guide groove. The initial position of the guide block 12 can be ensured to be positioned at the hinge joint of the arc-shaped clamp 1, so that data acquisition and measurement are convenient.
The guide block 12 is provided with tapered blocks 14 at both ends, and the pull ring 15 is arranged at the tip of the tapered block 14. The arc-shaped block 14 is arranged to enable the guide block 12 to pass through the joint of the two arc-shaped guide grooves smoothly, so that the phenomenon that the guide block 12 is clamped due to the fact that the two arc-shaped guide grooves are not butted together is prevented.
The rollers 30 rolling along the side walls of the guide groove 11 are arranged on two sides of the guide block 12, so that the guide block 12 can slide smoothly along the guide groove 11, and the rollers 30 can also be arranged at the bottom of the guide block 12.
Referring to fig. 7 to 10, as another embodiment of the driving device:
the driving device comprises two semicircular arc gears 24 arranged in the two arc guide grooves in a clamped mode and a driving gear 25 meshed with the two semicircular arc gears 24, the two arc gears 24 are spliced together with the two arc clamps 1, the two free ends of each arc gear 24 are respectively provided with an inserting block II 24-1 and an inserting groove II 24-2, the inserting block II 24-1 and the inserting groove II 24-2 are provided with corresponding through holes II 24-3, and the inserting block II 24-1 and the inserting groove II 24-2 at the splicing position of the two arc gears 24 are connected through locking pins inserted in the through holes II 24-3 after being inserted together. When the clamp is not used, the two arc gears 24 are respectively positioned in the two arc guide grooves, when the clamp is needed, after the two arc clamps 1 are sleeved on trees and fixed on the trees through the ejector rods 4, the two ends of the two arc gears 24 are connected together through the locking pins, so that the two arc gears can rotate under the driving of the driving gear 25 in the next step. It is worth noting that the second slot 24-2 at one end of the hinged part of the two arc-shaped clamps 1 extends to the inner wall of the arc-shaped clamps 1, so that the problem that the normal opening and closing cannot be realized due to the interference between the second slot 24-2 and the second slot 24-1 when the arc-shaped clamps 1 are opened and closed is prevented.
An avoiding groove is formed in the outer side wall of the arc-shaped clamp 1, the driving gear 25 is meshed with the arc-shaped gear 24 through the avoiding groove, the driving gear 25 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft 22 of the motor 21, and the motor 21 is fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the arc-shaped clamp 1.
The inner wall of the arc gear 24 is provided with a roller 30 rolling along the side wall of the guide groove 11, so that the arc gear 24 can smoothly rotate along the side wall of the guide groove 11.
In the invention, speed reducers are respectively arranged between the winding wheel 20 and the motor 21 and between the arc gear 24 to increase the torque and reduce the rotating speed, so that the distance measuring sensor 18 can stably and smoothly move along the guide groove 11.
The guide block 12 and the arc gear 24 are clamped in the guide groove 11 and cannot be separated from the guide groove 11 in the working process.
Two arc anchor clamps 1 below respectively is equipped with 2 connecting rods 26, connecting rod 26 is articulated with bracing piece 27 one end, bracing piece 27 free end is articulated to have antiskid sheets 28, be equipped with extension spring 29 between bracing piece 27 middle part and the arc anchor clamps 1 bottom surface. After staple bolt formula fixed establishment fixes on trees, bracing piece 27 tightens up inwards under the effect of extension spring 29, antiskid sheets 28 top is tightly in the diameter of a tree surface plays firm effect, prevents that the ejector pin 4 is fixed insecure to lead to staple bolt formula fixed establishment drops. The arc-shaped fixture 1 is further provided with a tensioning device below, so that the supporting rod 27 is tensioned after being opened, and the original position is prevented from being automatically restored, so that the hoop-type fixing mechanism is conveniently sleeved on the tree diameter. Silica gel or rubber pads are arranged on the supporting sheet 5 and the anti-slip sheet 28, so that friction force is enhanced.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
firstly, pulling out the fixing pin 9 at the free end of the arc-shaped clamp 1, sleeving the hoop-type fixing mechanism on the part to be measured of the tree diameter, and then connecting the two arc-shaped clamps 1 together through the fixing pin 9;
rotating the handle at the outer end of the ejector rod 4 to tightly push the ejector rod 4 on the tree path, and enabling the tree path to be located at the middle position of the hoop-type fixing mechanism as much as possible, wherein the anti-skid sheet 28 at the free end of the support rod 27 is tightly attached to the surface of the tree path;
after connecting a rope 16 or an arc gear 24 in a driving device, driving the distance measuring sensor 18 to move for a circle along the annular guide groove 11 from the hinged position of the arc clamp 1 through the driving device, and transmitting real-time data by the circular grating 23 and the distance measuring sensor 18 in the moving process; the circular grating 23 collects the angle quantity of the distance measuring sensor 18, the distance measuring sensor 18 synchronously collects the distance L2 between the distance measuring sensor and the tree, the angle quantity and the distance L2 are transmitted to the data processing system, and a plurality of groups of data are collected;
the data processing system can calculate the distance L3= L1-L2 from the center of the guide groove 11 at the measuring point of the outer contour 31 of the tree diameter to the center of the guide groove 11 according to the synchronously acquired angle quantity and the distance L2, wherein L1 is the distance between the ranging sensor 18 and the center of the guide groove 11, and therefore the outer contour 31 of the cross section of the measuring position of the tree diameter can be constructed according to the distance L3 calculated according to a plurality of acquired groups of data. When data acquisition is performed, as many groups of data as possible are acquired, and when the outer contour 31 is constructed by the data processing system, the distances L3 and the points determined by the corresponding angle quantities relative to the set base points are connected to be closer to the actual contour of the tree diameter, in this embodiment, 360 groups of data acquisition are performed, and data acquisition is performed every time the distance measuring sensor 18 rotates by 1 °.
Calculating, by the data processing system, a tree diameter cross-sectional area, i.e. an area within said outer contour 31; calculating the tree diameter cross section area according to the circular area formula S = pi r2The radius and thus the diameter are obtained as the reference value of the tree diameter.
After data acquisition, the guide block 12 is restored to the original position, and then the hoop-type fixing mechanism is taken down from the tree diameter.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundaries of the appended claims or the equivalents of such scope and boundaries.
Claims (9)
1. A method of tree diameter measurement, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting data of the outer contour (31) of the cross section of the tree path to be detected and transmitting the data to a data processing system; when collecting the cross section outer contour (31) of the part to be measured of the tree diameter, the method is realized by the following steps:
1) arranging a circular track C surrounding the tree diameter, and arranging a circular grating (23) outside the circular track C;
2) the distance measuring sensor (18) moves along the circular track C, and in the moving process, the measuring direction of the distance measuring sensor (18) always faces to the circle center direction of the circular track C;
3) the circular grating (23) collects the angle quantity of the distance measuring sensor (18), the distance measuring sensor (18) synchronously collects the distance L2 between the distance measuring sensor and the tree, the angle quantity and the distance L2 are transmitted to the data processing system, and a plurality of groups of data are collected;
4) the data processing system can calculate the distance L3= L1-L2 from the center of the circle of the circular track C at the measuring point of the outer contour (31) of the tree diameter to the measuring point of the circle of the circular track C according to the synchronously acquired angle quantity and the distance L2, wherein L1 is the distance between the distance measuring sensor (18) and the center of the circle of the circular track C, so that the outer contour (31) of the cross section at the measuring point of the tree diameter can be constructed according to the distance L3 calculated according to a plurality of acquired data;
step two: calculating the cross section area of the tree diameter through a data processing system;
step three: calculating the tree diameter cross section area according to the circular area formula S = pi r2The radius is obtained, and the diameter is obtained.
2. A tree diameter measuring tool, characterized in that: it includes:
the hoop type fixing mechanism is annular and comprises two arc-shaped clamps (1) which are symmetrically arranged, one ends of the two arc-shaped clamps (1) are hinged together through a connecting piece (2), the other ends of the two arc-shaped clamps (1) are buckled together through a first inserting block (6) and a first inserting groove (7) which are respectively arranged on the two arc-shaped clamps (1), a first through hole (8) is vertically formed in the upper surface of the arc-shaped clamp (1) of the first inserting groove (7), a fixing pin (9) is arranged in the first through hole (8), and the fixing pin (9) vertically penetrates through the first inserting block (6) and the first inserting groove (7); the side surface of the arc-shaped clamp (1) is provided with a plurality of jacks (3) along the radial direction, ejector rods (4) are arranged in the jacks (3), supporting pieces (5) are arranged at the inner ends of the ejector rods (4), and the jacks (3) and the ejector rods (4) are connected in a threaded fit manner;
the guide grooves (11) are annular integrally and coaxially arranged on the upper surfaces of the hoop type fixing mechanisms, and the upper surfaces of the two arc-shaped clamps (1) are respectively provided with a semi-annular arc-shaped guide groove;
the distance measuring sensor (18) moves along the guide groove (11) under the action of a driving device, and the measuring direction always faces to the circle center of the guide groove (11) in the moving process;
the circular grating (23) is annular and coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the hoop-type fixing mechanism, the upper surfaces of the two arc-shaped clamps (1) are respectively provided with a semi-annular arc-shaped circular grating, and the circular grating (23) is used for acquiring the rotation angle measurement of the distance measuring sensor (18) arranged above the circular grating;
and the data processing system receives the data transmitted by the circular grating (23) and the distance measuring sensor (18), performs calculation processing, and converts the data into the diameter of a circle according to the area formula of the circle according to the area of the cross surface of the tree diameter measuring part to be used as a reference value of the tree diameter.
3. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 2, wherein: the driving device comprises a guide block (12) arranged in the guide groove (11) and ropes (16) respectively arranged in the two arc-shaped guide grooves;
the profiles of the two sides of the guide block (12) are arc-shaped, the profiles of the two sides of the guide block (12) are matched with the side wall of the guide groove (11), pull rings (15) are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the guide block (12), a vertical plate (13) is arranged on the guide block (12), an installation plate (17) is arranged on the vertical plate (13), the distance measuring sensor (18) is arranged on the installation plate (17), and the outer end of the installation plate (17) is positioned above the circular grating (23);
the free ends of the two ropes (16) are respectively positioned at the free ends of the two arc-shaped guide grooves, the other ends of the two ropes (16) penetrate through holes (19) formed in the side walls of the arc-shaped guide grooves on the adjacent arc-shaped clamps (1) after penetrating through the arc-shaped guide grooves, and are wound on winding wheels (20), the winding wheels (20) are fixedly arranged on output shafts (22) of motors (21), the motors (21) are fixedly arranged on the outer side walls of the arc-shaped clamps (1), the free ends of the two ropes (16) are respectively provided with a connecting ring (16-1) and a lock catch (16-2), and the free ends of the two ropes (16) can be connected together;
the guide block (12) is arranged on one rope (16) through two pull rings (15) at two ends of the guide block, wherein the distance between the free end of the rope (16) and the guide block (12) is not less than the arc length of the arc-shaped guide groove.
4. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 3, wherein: the guide block (12) is provided with tapered blocks (14) at two ends, and the pull ring (15) is arranged at the tip ends of the tapered blocks (14).
5. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 3, wherein: and rollers (30) rolling along the side wall of the guide groove (11) are arranged on two sides of the guide block (12).
6. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 3, wherein: the upper surfaces of the free ends of the two arc-shaped clamps (1) are fixedly provided with upright columns (10), and the upright columns (10) are provided with locking devices which can fix the connecting rings (16-1) and the lock catches (16-2) at the free ends of the two ropes (16) on the upper sides.
7. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 2, wherein: the driving device comprises two semi-annular arc gears (24) arranged in the two arc guide grooves and a driving gear (25) meshed with the two semi-annular arc gears, the two arc gears (24) are spliced together with the two arc clamps (1), the two arc gears are also spliced together, two free ends of the arc gears (24) are respectively provided with a second insertion block (24-1) and a second insertion slot (24-2), the second insertion block (24-1) and the second insertion slot (24-2) are provided with corresponding second through holes (24-3), and the second insertion block (24-1) and the second insertion slot (24-2) at the splicing position of the two arc gears (24) are inserted together and then connected through a locking pin inserted into the second through hole (24-3);
arc anchor clamps (1) lateral wall has been seted up and has been dodged the groove, driving gear (25) pass through dodge the groove and mesh mutually with arc gear (24), driving gear (25) set firmly on output shaft (22) of motor (21), motor (21) set firmly in on arc anchor clamps (1) lateral wall.
8. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 7, wherein: and the inner wall of the arc gear (24) is provided with a roller (30) rolling along the side wall of the guide groove (11).
9. A tree diameter measuring tool according to claim 2, wherein: arc anchor clamps (1) below is equipped with a plurality of connecting rods (26), connecting rod (26) and bracing piece (27) one end hinge, bracing piece (27) free end hinge has antiskid piece (28), be equipped with extension spring (29) between bracing piece (27) middle part and arc anchor clamps (1) bottom surface.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112378320B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-07-12 | 武汉职业技术学院 | Accurate intelligent positioning device |
| CN112665501B (en) * | 2020-12-20 | 2021-11-02 | 安徽财经大学 | Real-time tree diameter measuring and analyzing device for agriculture, forestry and economic management |
| CN112461167B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-18 | 宁波赛德森减振系统有限公司 | Nondestructive testing device for thickness of damping layer of torsional vibration damper |
| CN114877786B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-13 | 山东长岛国家级自然保护区管理中心 | Tree breast diameter measuring device |
| CN117647193A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-03-05 | 巴州鼎力杆塔有限公司 | Wire pole optional position roundness dimension measuring device |
| CN117283505B (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-20 | 山东无形信息技术有限公司 | High-efficient full-automatic survey and drawing instrument |
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