CN102494602A - Automatic tree-diameter measuring device - Google Patents
Automatic tree-diameter measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102494602A CN102494602A CN2011103659479A CN201110365947A CN102494602A CN 102494602 A CN102494602 A CN 102494602A CN 2011103659479 A CN2011103659479 A CN 2011103659479A CN 201110365947 A CN201110365947 A CN 201110365947A CN 102494602 A CN102494602 A CN 102494602A
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Abstract
An automatic tree-diameter measuring device comprises a device fixing module and a measuring module. The device fixing module is used for fixing the measuring module onto a position of a tree trunk required to be subjected to circumference measurement. The measuring module comprises a linear displacement sensor with a spring. The circumference of the tree trunk can be measured according to the displacement of the linear displacement sensor with the spring. The automatic tree-diameter measuring device is applicable to plantation monitoring, plant growth measurement and research on growth laws.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic tree diameter measuring device, which is suitable for the research on artificial forest monitoring, plant growth amount measurement and growth rule, in particular to a real-time automatic standing tree diameter growth amount measuring device.
Background
The tree diameter is an important factor in tree growth, plays a very important role in tree investigation and tree growth rule research, the accuracy and convenience of a tree diameter measuring method are still a difficult subject, some measuring methods and devices are in relatively laggard current situations at present, particularly the research on the relation and growth mechanism between tree growth factors, no unified theorem exists at present, and the relation is greatly related to the accuracy degree of measurement and the operation convenience of the measuring method, so that the development of the tree diameter measuring device which is convenient to install and measure, simple to operate and high in accuracy has very important significance and research value under the condition of not damaging trees.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an automatic measuring device for the tree diameter, which has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenient installation, high measuring reliability and high precision, and realizes real-time measurement and real-time data acquisition through the automatic measuring device for the tree diameter growth quantity and real-time monitoring of the tree diameter growth quantity and growth state through a wireless network node remote monitoring device.
The purpose of the invention is: based on the requirements of forestry digitization and plant growth amount and growth mechanism research, the method can be used for collecting and monitoring the growth amount of the tree diameter in real time, providing reliable data for monitoring and investigation of the artificial forest tree diameter and plant physiological research, and having a promoting effect on the research of the relationship between tree growth factors.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an automatic tree diameter measuring device comprises a device fixing module and a measuring module; the device fixing module fixes the measuring module on the position of the trunk where the perimeter of the tree diameter needs to be measured; the device fixing module comprises a sensor holding clamp, a belt buckle, a metal ring and a metal ring fixing clamp; the sensor holding clamp comprises a sensor holding clamp main body structure, two steering pulleys, two guide pulleys, two steering pulley positioning shafts, two guide pulley positioning shafts, two steering pulley positioning sleeves and two guide pulley positioning sleeves; the steering pulley and the guide pulley are respectively fixedly arranged on the sensor clamp main body structure through a steering pulley positioning shaft, a guide pulley positioning shaft, a steering pulley positioning sleeve and a guide pulley positioning sleeve; the steering pulley positioning shaft and the guide pulley positioning shaft fix the steering pulley and the guide pulley through the steering pulley positioning sleeve and the guide pulley positioning sleeve and determine the axial positions of the steering pulley and the guide pulley; the size of the head end pulley, the size of the steering pulley and the size of the guide pulley are the same; the measuring module comprises a linear displacement sensor with a spring, a measuring head end pulley, an inelastic thin steel wire rope, a chuck and a connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring; the connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring enables the measuring head end pulley to normally rotate; the displacement of the measuring head end pulley is transmitted to the linear displacement sensor with the spring through the connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring; after the inelastic thin steel wire rope passes through the steering pulley, the guide pulley and the measuring head end pulley, the inelastic thin steel wire rope encircles the position where the circumference of the tree diameter needs to be measured, and the two ends of the inelastic thin steel wire rope are clamped tightly through the clamping heads, so that the free end of the linear displacement sensor with the spring is ensured to be compressed to a preset position;
measuring the perimeter of the trunk according to the displacement of the linear displacement sensor with the spring, wherein the perimeter of the trunk is
Wherein: r is the radius of the pulley; delta is the distance from the center of the trunk to the bark of the tree on the connecting line of the trunk center and the guide pulley; d is 2r, which is the diameter of the pulley; a is half of the distance between the centers of the two diverting pulleys; ki＝K-xiThe distance from the center of the measuring head end pulley to the connecting line of the centers of the two steering pulleys during the ith measurement is calculated; x is the number ofiThe displacement of the probe end pulley compressed during the ith measurement is the displacement value of the linear displacement sensor; k0For initial installationThe distance from the center of the head-waiting pulley to the center connecting line of the two steering pulleys is KiThe initial calibration value of (1); r0The mean radius value of the trunk at initial installation; riThe average radius of the measured trunk at the ith measurement; c0The circumference of the measured trunk at the initial time is the initial calibration value of the trunk circumference; ciThe perimeter of the trunk to be measured is the ith measuring time; pi is a mathematical constant; arcsin is an arcsine function symbol; arccos is the sign of the inverse cosine function; i is the ith measurement and all corner labels i-1 represent the i-1 th measurement.
The two steering pulleys and the two guide pulleys are symmetrically arranged relative to the linear displacement sensor with the spring, the wheel groove central plane of the steering pulleys, the wheel groove central plane of the measuring head end pulley and the central shaft of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor with the spring are all on the same plane, and the plane is perpendicular to the section of the trunk, which is encircled by the thin elastic steel wire rope, of the trunk.
The steering pulley changes the inelastic thin steel wire rope from the direction vertical to the trunk section along with the movement of the measuring head end pulley on the linear displacement sensor with the spring.
The guide pulley assists the inelastic thin steel wire rope to horizontally encircle the trunk after passing through the steering pulley, and the inelastic thin steel wire rope is prevented from being separated from a wheel groove of the steering pulley.
Wherein the inelastic fine steel wire rope is a soft inelastic fine steel wire rope with a small temperature expansion coefficient.
When the tree diameter is changed, the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope is clamped by the clamping head to be a fixed value, the change is directly reflected on the change of the output electric quantity signal value of the linear displacement sensor with the spring, and the average value of the tree diameter perimeter can be visually seen by monitoring the change of the output electric quantity signal value of the linear displacement sensor with the spring and introducing the change into the tree diameter conversion formula.
When the linear displacement sensor with the spring reaches the full range or the measurement range is changed according to the actual tree species, the chuck can be loosened to readjust the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope, the parameters are calibrated again, and the measurement can be repeated.
Therefore, the device is reasonable in structure, convenient to install, high in reliability and high in measurement precision, and changes and growth states of the tree diameters are monitored in real time through direct measurement, data acquisition or through wireless network nodes in a remote mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1: an automatic tree diameter measuring device is installed in a perspective view (without a belt);
FIG. 2 is a drawing: a tree diameter automatic measuring device is a perspective view (without an inelastic thin steel wire rope);
FIG. 3: an installation drawing of the inelastic thin steel wire rope;
FIG. 4 is a drawing: a measuring module structure diagram;
FIG. 5: connecting part structure of measuring head end pulley and linear displacement sensor
FIG. 6: the device fixing module comprises a drawing of each component;
FIG. 7: a sensor clamp plan view;
FIG. 8: the sensor is clamped to be axonometric;
FIG. 9: a sensor clamping main body structure diagram;
FIG. 10: a schematic diagram of a tree-path conversion formula principle;
FIG. 11: b, a tree diameter conversion formula principle schematic diagram;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides an automatic tree diameter measuring device which comprises a device fixing module and a measuring module; the device fixing module fixes the measuring module on the position of the trunk where the tree diameter variation is required to be measured; the device fixing module comprises a sensor holding clamp, a belt buckle, a metal ring and a metal ring fixing clamp; the sensor holding clamp comprises a sensor holding clamp main body structure, two steering pulleys, two guide pulleys, two steering pulley positioning shafts, two guide pulley positioning shafts, two steering pulley positioning sleeves and two guide pulley positioning sleeves; the measuring module comprises a linear displacement sensor with a spring, a measuring head end pulley, an inelastic thin steel wire rope, a chuck and a connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring; the connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring enables the measuring head end pulley to normally rotate; the displacement of the measuring head end pulley is transmitted to the linear displacement sensor with the spring through the connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring; after the inelastic thin steel wire rope passes through the steering pulley, the guide pulley and the measuring head end pulley, the inelastic thin steel wire rope encircles the position where the tree diameter needs to be measured, and the two ends of the inelastic thin steel wire rope are clamped tightly through the clamping heads, so that the free end of the linear displacement sensor with the spring is ensured to be compressed to a preset position; the circumference of the tree diameter is determined according to the displacement of the linear displacement sensor with the spring.
The two steering pulleys and the two guide pulleys are symmetrically arranged relative to the linear displacement sensor with the spring, the wheel groove central plane of the steering pulleys, the wheel groove central plane of the measuring head end pulley and the central shaft of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor with the spring are all on the same plane, and the plane is perpendicular to the section of the trunk, which is encircled by the thin elastic steel wire rope, of the trunk.
The diverting pulley changes the inelastic thin steel wire rope from the direction vertical to the trunk section along with the movement of the measuring head pulley on the linear displacement sensor with the spring.
The guide pulley assists the inelastic thin steel wire rope to horizontally surround the trunk after passing through the steering pulley, and the inelastic thin steel wire rope is prevented from being separated from a wheel groove of the steering pulley.
The inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 is a flexible thin steel wire rope which is basically inelastic and has a small temperature expansion coefficient, so that the length deformation of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 caused by the action of temperature and tension is very small, and the measurement result is hardly influenced.
The chuck 12 is used for determining the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11, and according to specific application conditions and different measurement ranges, the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 can be adaptively scaled, and then the two ends of the inelastic thin steel wire rope are clamped tightly, so that the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 is fixed in length, and meanwhile, the measurement requirements can be met.
The inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 may be wrapped around the trunk at a position where the circumference of the tree diameter needs to be measured in practical application.
As shown in fig. 4, the linear displacement sensor 21 with a spring converts the tree diameter variation into an electric quantity signal, and calculates the tree diameter variation according to the electric quantity signal. The linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is a resistance type linear displacement sensor, adopts a partial pressure principle, has high sensitivity, quick response, small volume and good protective performance, and can be applied in the field for a long time; because the sensor is of a resistance voltage division type, the resolution of the sensor can be infinitely small, and the specific value depends on the resolution of the acquisition-end equipment. The specific working state of the resistance type linear displacement sensor is that when a pulse voltage value is input, the resistance type linear displacement sensor can instantly and accurately obtain an output value, and a collection end collects and transmits data. The housing of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is provided with a slot for mounting a metal ring retaining clip 35.
The measuring head pulley 22 is used for assisting the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 to convert the tree diameter variation sensed by the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 into an electric quantity signal, and calculating the tree diameter variation value according to the electric quantity signal. The measuring head end pulley 22 is mounted at the free end of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring through the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and the connecting part 23 of the measuring head end pulley 22, the structure of the connecting part and the specific mounting mode of the measuring head end pulley 22 are not limited, as long as the central plane of the wheel groove of the measuring head end pulley 22 and the central plane of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring are on the same plane, and the measuring head end pulley 22 can normally rotate.
When the probe end pulley 22 is under the pressure action of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11, the free end of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is made to stretch and contract by compressing the spring of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, so that the electric quantity signal output by the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring changes, and the tree diameter change value is calculated according to the electric quantity signal.
The device fixing module includes: the sensor holding clamp 31, the belt 32, the belt buckle 33, the metal ring 34 and the metal ring fixing clamp 35;
the sensor holding clamp 31 is used for fixing the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and determining the connection relation between the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 and the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring;
wherein, sensor embraces card 31 and includes: sensor embraces card body structure 3101, diverting pulley 3102, guide pulley 3103, diverting pulley positioning shaft 3104, guide pulley positioning shaft 3105, diverting pulley positioning sleeve 3106, guide pulley positioning sleeve 3107, nut 3108, gasket 3109, metal gasket 3110, screw 3111 and rubber gasket 3112.
The sensor clamp body structure 3101 is used to determine the mounting positions and relative relationships of the various components on the sensor clamp 31 as shown in fig. 9. The middle groove part of the sensor clamp main body structure 3101 is used for mounting the linear displacement sensor 21 with a spring; two pairs of guide pulley positioning shaft holes and steering pulley positioning shaft holes which are symmetrical about the linear displacement sensor 21 with a spring are respectively arranged on two sides.
And a diverting pulley 3102 for diverting the inelastic fine wire rope 11 from the vertical direction to the radial direction in accordance with the movement of the head end pulley 22 of the linear displacement sensor 21 with a spring.
The guide pulley 3103 is used to assist the inelastic fine wire rope 11 to pass through the diverting pulley 3102 and then to encircle the trunk at a position where the change of the diameter of the tree needs to be measured, thereby preventing the inelastic fine wire rope 11 from coming out of the sheave of the diverting pulley 3102.
Diverting pulley 3102 and guide pulley 3103 are mounted and fixed on sensor clamp body structure 3101 by diverting pulley positioning shaft 3104, guide pulley positioning shaft 3105, diverting pulley positioning sleeve 3106, guide pulley positioning sleeve 3107, nut 3108 and spacer 3109, respectively.
Diverting pulley positioning shaft 3104 and guide pulley positioning shaft 3105 are used to fix diverting pulley 3102 and guide pulley 3103 and to determine the axial position of diverting pulley 3102 and guide pulley 3103 by means of diverting pulley positioning sleeve 3106, guide pulley positioning sleeve 3107, nut 3108 and spacer 3109. The central plane of the wheel groove of the diverting pulley 3102, which is symmetrical about the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, the central plane of the wheel groove of the measuring head end pulley 22 and the central axis of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring are on the same plane, which is perpendicular to the section of the trunk on which the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 embraces, see fig. 11, and this determines the specific position of the diverting pulley positioning shaft 3104 on the sensor embracing main body structure 3101. The positioning shaft 3104 of the diverting pulley and the positioning shaft 3105 of the guide pulley are vertical to each other, and the distance between the positioning shaft 3104 of the diverting pulley and the positioning shaft 3105 of the guide pulley is larger than the sum of the respective radiuses of the diverting pulley 3102 and the guide pulley 3103, so that the movement of the diverting pulley 3102 and the guide pulley 3103 is ensured not to interfere with each other (as shown in figures 7 and 8), which is determined according to the actual situation; the pulley groove of the diverting pulley 3102 on the same side of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is at the same height as the pulley groove of the guiding pulley 3103; the intersection of the groove center plane of diverting pulley 3102 and the groove center plane of guide pulley 3103 is the tangent of the groove of guide pulley 3103 (as shown in fig. 11 and 10).
When the device is installed, the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 passes through the measuring head end pulley 22, the pair of steering pulleys 3102 which are symmetrical about the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and the pair of guide pulleys 3103 which are symmetrical about the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring are encircled on the position of the trunk where the tree diameter variation is required to be measured, the two ends of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 are clamped by the clamp 12, at the moment, the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 is fixed in length, when the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring reaches the full range or needs to be adjusted, the clamp 12 is unscrewed, the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 is adjusted to enable the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring to reach the required range, and the two ends of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 are clamped and fixed by the clamp 12.
A metal gasket 3110 and a screw 3111 for mounting the linear displacement sensor 21 with a spring on a middle portion of the sensor clamp body structure 3101; the mounting is by interference fit, by mounting screw 3111 in the screw hole of sensor clamp body portion 3101, as shown in fig. 8.
Rubber pad 3112 for increasing a maximum static friction between the automatic diameter measuring device and the trunk. Is mounted between the metal washer 3110 and the screw 3111.
After the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is installed in the middle groove portion of the sensor clamp body structure 3101, the metal gasket 3110 and the rubber gasket 3112 are installed in sequence, the screw 3111 is installed in a screw hole in the sensor clamp body structure 3101, the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is fixed, and meanwhile, the maximum static friction force between the automatic tree diameter measuring device and a tree trunk is increased, so that the automatic tree diameter measuring device and the tree trunk are more firmly installed.
The belt 32 is used for fixing the whole tree diameter automatic measuring device on the position of the trunk where the tree diameter variation is required to be measured; and the above-mentioned fixing is achieved by the engagement of the belt buckle 33.
And a belt buckle 33 for assisting the belt 32 to fix the whole automatic tree diameter measuring device on the position of the trunk where the tree diameter variation is required to be measured.
And a metal ring 34 which is connected with the belt 32 and the measuring module through a metal ring fixing clamp 35, the belt 32 is sleeved on the metal ring 34, and a belt buckle 33 is arranged at the free end of the belt 32. The 4 straps 32 correspond to 4 metal rings 34 and to two pairs of strap catches 33.
A metal ring fixing clip 35 for fixing the metal ring 34 and directly connecting the metal ring 34 with the linear displacement sensor 21 with a spring in the measuring module; specifically, by etching a slot on the housing of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, installing the metal ring fixing clip 35 in the slot on the housing of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, and fixing the metal ring fixing clip 35 on the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring by a bolt, the specific position of the metal ring fixing clip 35 is ensured not to obstruct or interfere with the inelastic fine steel wire rope 11 (i.e., the portion of the inelastic fine steel wire rope 11 between the probe end pulley 22 and the diverting pulley 3102 is ensured to be a straight line). One metal ring fixing clip 35 corresponds to 2 metal rings 34, and 2 belts 32 and a pair of belt buckles 33, as shown in fig. 6.
2 metal rings are respectively arranged on the 2 metal ring fixing clamps, 4 belts are respectively sleeved on the edges of the 4 metal rings, and the edges are opposite edges arranged in the metal ring fixing clamps; and a pair of belt buckles are arranged at the free ends of the belts arranged on the metal rings. The automatic tree diameter measuring device is installed on the corresponding position of the trunk where the tree diameter variation is required to be measured through the belt 32 and the belt buckle 33.
The working process of the automatic tree diameter measuring device comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an automatic tree diameter measuring device is installed on a trunk at a position where a tree diameter variation is to be measured. When the tree diameter grows and changes, because the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 has a fixed length, the change amount of the tree diameter is reflected to the electric signal output of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring through the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 and the measuring head end pulley 22, the change amount of the tree diameter is obtained through collecting the electric signal output by the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and calculating according to the electric quantity signal, and the circumference of the tree diameter is obtained as follows:
wherein: r is the radius of the pulley (the formula is suitable for the same size of the measuring head end pulley 22, the steering pulley 3102 and the guide pulley 3103), and delta is the distance from the center of the guide pulley 3103 to the bark on the connecting line of the trunk center and the guide pulley 3103; d is 2r, which is the diameter of the pulley; a is half the distance between the centres of the diverting pulleys 3102 (see fig. 10, 11); ki＝K-xiAt the ith measurement time, the distance from the center of the probe end pulley 22 to the center connecting line of the two diverting pulleys 3102; x is the number ofiAt the ith measurement time, the compressed displacement of the measuring head end pulley 22 is the displacement value of the linear displacement sensor 21; k0The distance from the center of the head-end pulley 22 to the line connecting the centers of the two diverting pulleys 3102 at the time of initial installation is KiThe initial calibration value of (1); r0The mean radius value of the trunk at the time of initial installation; riThe average radius of the measured trunk at the ith measurement time; c0The circumference of the measured trunk at the initial time is the initial calibration value of the trunk circumference; ciThe perimeter of the trunk to be measured is the ith measuring time; pi is mathematicsA constant; arcsin is an arcsine function symbol; arccos is the sign of the inverse cosine function; all corner marks i are the ith measurement and all corner marks i-1 represent the ith-1 measurement.
The girth of the tree diameter is obtained by matching with an automatic tree diameter measuring device, wherein the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 is a fixed value, and can be known from the attached drawings 11 and 11, and the length L of the rope is as follows:
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the circumference of the tree diameter is therefore:
when the tree diameter is changed, the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 is clamped by the clamping head 12 and then is a fixed value, the change is directly reflected on the change of the output electric quantity signal value of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, and the average value of the tree diameter can be visually seen by monitoring the change of the output electric quantity signal value of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and introducing the change into the tree diameter conversion formula. When the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring reaches the full amount or the measurement range is changed according to the actual tree species, the chuck 12 can be loosened to readjust the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11, the parameters are calibrated again, and the measurement can be repeatedly continued.
When the automatic tree diameter measuring device is installed, the measuring head end of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is installed downwards, so that the interference of external falling objects and the like on the measurement of the sensor is reduced.
In conclusion, the device has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenience in installation, high reliability and high measurement precision, and the real-time growth amount change and growth state of the tree diameter are monitored through direct measurement, data acquisition or remote monitoring through a wireless network node;
the installation method comprises the following steps:
the measuring head end pulley 22 is arranged at the free end of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor with spring 21 through the linear displacement sensor with spring 21 and the connecting part 23 of the measuring head end pulley 22; the diverting pulley 3102 and the guide pulley 31 are respectively fixed on the sensor clamp main body structure 3101 by a diverting pulley positioning shaft 3104, a guide pulley positioning shaft 3105, a diverting pulley positioning sleeve 3106, a guide pulley positioning sleeve 3107, a nut 3108 and a gasket 3109; the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is mounted at the middle part of the sensor clamp main body structure 3101, a metal gasket 3110 and a rubber gasket 3112 are sequentially mounted, and then the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is mounted on the sensor clamp main body structure 3101 through interference fit by mounting screws 3111; installing the metal ring 34 in the metal ring fixing clip 35 as shown in fig. 2 and 4; installing a metal ring fixing clamp 35 in a wire slot on the shell of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, and fixing the metal ring fixing clamp 35 on the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring through a bolt; 4 belts 32 are sleeved on the opposite sides of 4 metal rings 34 installed in 2 metal ring fixing clamps 35 and the edges installed in the metal ring fixing clamps 35, and a pair of belt buckles 33 are installed at the free ends of the belts 32 installed on the 2 metal rings 34 on each metal ring fixing clamp 35. The automatic tree diameter measuring device is installed on the corresponding position of the trunk where the tree diameter variation is required to be measured through a belt 32 and a belt buckle 33; the inelastic fine wire rope 11 passes through the measuring head end pulley 22 in the measuring module, a pair of diverting pulleys 3102 symmetrical about the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and a guide pulley 3103 symmetrical about the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring, then is encircled on the position of the trunk where the circumference of the tree diameter needs to be measured, and the two ends of the inelastic fine wire rope 11 are clamped by the clamp 12, so that the free end of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring is compressed by a part (at least 1/10 with full range, the specific value is determined according to actual conditions). After the inelastic thin wire rope 11 is installed, the fixing position of the metal ring fixing clip 35 is adjusted to ensure that the portion of the inelastic thin wire rope 11 between the probe end pulley 22 and the diverting pulley 3102 is a straight line, i.e., the fixing of the metal ring fixing clip 35 does not hinder the movement of the inelastic thin wire rope 11.
When the tree diameter grows and changes, because the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 has a fixed length, the change amount of the tree diameter is reflected to the electric signal output of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring through the inelastic thin steel wire rope 11 and the measuring head end pulley 22, the change amount of the tree diameter is calculated according to the electric signal acquired by the electric signal output of the linear displacement sensor 21 with the spring and the electric quantity signal, and the specific calculation is realized through a tree diameter conversion formula.
Technical effects
According to the invention, the linear displacement sensor with the spring is combined with a mechanical structure, the change (horizontal direction) of the trunk circumference is converted into the displacement measured by the linear displacement sensor with the spring through two pairs of pulleys of the inelastic thin steel wire rope with a relatively fixed length, and the displacement is expressed through an electric quantity signal output by the sensor. The device's measurement is automatic to be accomplished, does not need the manual work to measure, has reduced measuring error and work load, has reached simple to operate, has measured reliable, the high tree diameter of measurement precision measures the requirement. The measuring method can effectively improve the automation degree of tree diameter measurement and the precision of the tree diameter measurement, greatly reduce the labor intensity of workers and greatly improve the test efficiency; the tree diameter conversion formula is designed according to the close fitting installation and measurement mode, and the average value of the tree diameter (according to the perimeter pi the tree diameter) can be really obtained. The measurement method can be combined with a wireless network to realize the acquisition and monitoring of remote data.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic tree diameter measuring device comprises a device fixing module and a measuring module; the method is characterized in that:
the device fixing module is used for fixing the measuring module on a position of a trunk where the perimeter of the tree diameter needs to be measured;
the device fixing module comprises a sensor holding clamp, a belt buckle, a metal ring and a metal ring fixing clamp;
the sensor holding clamp comprises a sensor holding clamp main body structure, two steering pulleys, two guide pulleys, two steering pulley positioning shafts, two guide pulley positioning shafts, two steering pulley positioning sleeves and two guide pulley positioning sleeves;
the steering pulley and the guide pulley are respectively fixedly arranged on the sensor clamp main body structure through a steering pulley positioning shaft, a guide pulley positioning shaft, a steering pulley positioning sleeve and a guide pulley positioning sleeve;
the steering pulley positioning shaft and the guide pulley positioning shaft fix the steering pulley and the guide pulley through the steering pulley positioning sleeve and the guide pulley positioning sleeve, and determine the axial positions of the steering pulley and the guide pulley;
the sizes of the head end measuring pulley, the steering pulley and the guide pulley are the same;
the measuring module comprises a linear displacement sensor with a spring, a measuring head end pulley, an inelastic thin steel wire rope, a chuck and a connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring;
the connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring enables the measuring head end pulley to normally rotate; the displacement of the measuring head end pulley is transmitted to the linear displacement sensor with the spring through the connecting part of the measuring head end pulley and the linear displacement sensor with the spring;
after the inelastic thin steel wire rope passes through the steering pulley, the guide pulley and the measuring head end pulley, the inelastic thin steel wire rope encircles the position where the circumference of the tree diameter needs to be measured, and the two ends of the inelastic thin steel wire rope are clamped tightly through the clamping heads, so that the free end of the linear displacement sensor with the spring is ensured to be compressed to a preset position;
measuring the perimeter of the trunk according to the displacement of the linear displacement sensor with the spring, wherein the perimeter of the trunk is
Wherein: r is the radius of the pulley; delta is the distance from the center of the trunk to the bark of the tree on the connecting line of the trunk center and the guide pulley; d is 2r, which is the diameter of the pulley; a is half of the distance between the centers of the two diverting pulleys; ki＝K-xiThe distance from the center of the measuring head end pulley to the connecting line of the centers of the two steering pulleys during the ith measurement is calculated; x is the number ofiThe displacement of the probe end pulley compressed during the ith measurement is the displacement value of the linear displacement sensor; k0Measuring the distance from the center of the head pulley to the center connecting line of the two diverting pulleys during initial installation, namely KiThe initial calibration value of (1); r0The mean radius value of the trunk at initial installation; riThe average radius of the measured trunk at the ith measurement; c0The circumference of the measured trunk at the initial time is the initial calibration value of the trunk circumference; ciThe perimeter of the trunk to be measured is the ith measuring time; pi is a mathematical constant; arcsin is an arcsine function symbol; arccos is the sign of the inverse cosine function; i is the ith measurement and all corner labels i-1 represent the i-1 th measurement.
2. The automatic tree diameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the two diverting pulleys and the two guiding pulleys are symmetrically arranged relative to the linear displacement sensor with the spring, and the sheave center plane of the diverting pulleys, the sheave center plane of the measuring head end pulley and the center axis of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor with the spring are all in the same plane, and the plane is perpendicular to the section of the trunk where the thin elastic steel wire rope does not encircle the trunk.
3. The automatic tree diameter measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the diverting pulley changes the inelastic fine wire rope from a direction perpendicular to the trunk section to a direction of the trunk section in accordance with the movement of the movable rod of the linear displacement sensor with the spring and the probe end pulley.
4. The automatic tree diameter measuring device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the guiding pulley assists the inelastic fine wire rope to horizontally embrace the trunk after passing through the diverting pulley, and prevents the inelastic fine wire rope from falling out of the wheel groove of the diverting pulley.
5. The automatic tree diameter measuring device according to claims 1-4, wherein the inelastic fine steel wire rope is a soft inelastic fine steel wire rope with a small temperature expansion coefficient.
6. The automatic tree diameter measuring device of claims 1-5, wherein when the linear displacement sensor with the spring reaches full range or the measuring range is changed according to the actual tree species, the chuck can be released to readjust the length of the inelastic thin steel wire rope, and the parameters are calibrated again to measure the circumference of the tree diameter.
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| CN 201110365947 CN102494602B (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2011-11-18 | Automatic tree-diameter measuring device |
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| CN 201110365947 CN102494602B (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2011-11-18 | Automatic tree-diameter measuring device |
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| CN104482837A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-04-01 | 北京林业大学 | Circumference continuous measuring method and circumference continuous measuring device for circumference changing objects |
| CN105783694A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-20 | 无锡职业技术学院 | Tree diameter at breast height automatic measurer |
| CN106152992A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-23 | 柳州永旺科技有限公司 | A kind of sensor-based seedling growth monitoring system |
| CN108562200A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-09-21 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of Portable standing wood gauging instrument based on ribbon amount arm anchor ear |
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| CN113607110A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-05 | 北京天航华创科技股份有限公司 | Collecting system, collecting instrument and collecting method for tree radial growth data |
| CN113639697A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-12 | 北京天航华创科技股份有限公司 | Automatic observation instrument for radial growth of trees and measurement method thereof |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104006784A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-27 | 中国计量学院 | Precision measurement device for tree walk increment |
| CN104006784B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-11-09 | 中国计量学院 | Tree-walk growth amount precision measurement apparatus |
| CN104330017A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 中国计量学院 | Folding type tree diameter growth real-time precision measurement instrument |
| CN104482837A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-04-01 | 北京林业大学 | Circumference continuous measuring method and circumference continuous measuring device for circumference changing objects |
| CN109076637A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-12-21 | 埃丝埃文·奥古斯托·戈斯加斯帕罗托 | Forest monitors System and method for |
| CN105783694B (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-03-09 | 无锡职业技术学院 | Tree breast-height diameter automatic measuring instrument |
| CN105783694A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-20 | 无锡职业技术学院 | Tree diameter at breast height automatic measurer |
| CN106152992A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-11-23 | 柳州永旺科技有限公司 | A kind of sensor-based seedling growth monitoring system |
| CN108562200A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-09-21 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of Portable standing wood gauging instrument based on ribbon amount arm anchor ear |
| CN111207714A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-05-29 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | Tree diameter measuring method and tool |
| CN111207714B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-07-23 | 黑龙江省林业科学研究所 | Tree diameter measuring method and tool |
| CN113607110A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-05 | 北京天航华创科技股份有限公司 | Collecting system, collecting instrument and collecting method for tree radial growth data |
| CN113639697A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-12 | 北京天航华创科技股份有限公司 | Automatic observation instrument for radial growth of trees and measurement method thereof |
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