CN111206952A

CN111206952A - Ventilation structure and ventilation system

Info

Publication number: CN111206952A
Application number: CN202010184515.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭朋超; 罗宗帆; 李校珂; 吴应明; 王洪坤; 张欢; 李曙光; 谢江胜; 仲维玲; 朱红桃; 申运涛; 李海波
Original assignee: China Railway 20th Bureau Group Corp
Current assignee: China Railway 20th Bureau Group Corp
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2020-03-16
Publication date: 2020-05-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilation structure and a ventilation system, wherein the ventilation structure is applied to a tunnel and comprises: the air duct is arranged along the in-and-out direction of the tunnel; the small air chamber is communicated with the ventilating duct, and a relay fan is arranged at the air outlet end of the small air chamber; the volume space of the large air chamber is larger than that of the small air chamber, the large air chamber is communicated with the ventilating duct, and the small air chamber and the large air chamber are arranged on the ventilating duct at intervals. The technical scheme of the invention effectively improves the air environment in the tunnel, so that constructors and construction equipment can normally work.

Description

Ventilation structure and ventilation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a ventilation structure and a ventilation system.

Background

In the tunnel work progress, the construction is tunneled to long distance one-end, inside the unable effective flow of outside air reaches the tunnel, and constructor and construction equipment all need fresh air (oxygen) to accomplish the operation, consequently adopt the entrance to a cave to set up axial fan and pass through the wind section of thick bamboo cloth and impress the outside air tunnel operation face among the correlation technique to guarantee personnel and internal combustion equipment can normally operate. But because the tunnel is longer, the air is along dryer cloth long distance transmission, and the amount of wind loss is great and the wind pressure is not enough, and oil smoke, dust efficiency in the discharge hole are lower, can't effectively improve the inside air circumstance in tunnel, and the working face can't obtain sufficient fresh air, leads to the unable normal operation of construction equipment, and seriously threatens operating personnel life health.

The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical solutions of the present application, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, aiming at the problem that the air quantity cannot be improved under the low transmission efficiency in the pipeline, and the construction personnel and the construction equipment cannot normally construct, a ventilation structure and a ventilation system are needed to be provided, aiming at effectively improving the air environment in the tunnel and enabling the construction personnel and the construction equipment to normally operate.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a ventilation structure for a tunnel, including:

the ventilation pipeline is arranged along the in-and-out direction of the tunnel;

the small air chamber is communicated with the ventilating pipeline, and a relay fan is arranged at the air outlet end of the small air chamber; and

the volume space of the large air chamber is larger than that of the small air chamber, the large air chamber is communicated with the ventilating duct, and the small air chamber and the large air chamber are arranged on the ventilating duct at intervals.

Optionally, the ventilation duct includes a press-in air intake section, the press-in air intake section is disposed at an inlet of the tunnel, and the large air chamber is disposed at the small air chamber far away from the inlet of the tunnel.

Optionally, the ventilation structure further comprises an oxygen production chamber and an oxygen content detection assembly, the oxygen production chamber is provided with an oxygen delivery pipeline communicated with the press-in air inlet section, and the oxygen content detection assembly is arranged in the small air chamber and/or the large air chamber.

Optionally, the small plenum and/or the large plenum are provided with a filter member.

Optionally, the ventilation structure further comprises a guide fan, and the guide fan is arranged on the side wall or the top end of the wall surface of the tunnel.

Optionally, the air outlet end of the large air chamber is connected with the relay fan.

Optionally, in an extending direction of the ventilation duct from the inside of the tunnel to the tunnel entrance, the operating power of the relay fan arranged far away from the tunnel entrance is less than or equal to the operating power of the relay fan arranged close to the tunnel entrance.

Optionally, fastening components are arranged at the connecting positions of the small air chamber and the large air chamber and the ventilating duct.

Optionally, the fastening member is provided with a sealing member.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a ventilation system including: the ventilation structure comprises a blower and the ventilation structure, wherein the blower is arranged on one side of the inlet of the tunnel, and the blower conveys air outside the tunnel into the ventilation pipeline.

According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the ventilation pipeline is arranged in the tunnel, the ventilation pipeline is respectively communicated with the small air chamber and the large air chamber, the air outlet end of the small air chamber is provided with the relay fan, and when the air pressure in the ventilation pipeline is insufficient, the relay fan can increase the effect on the air in the small air chamber and accelerate the air flow in the small air chamber, so that more air is provided for a construction working face. In addition, the large air chamber has a volume space with a volume larger than that of the small air chamber, so that more air can be stored, sufficient air is guaranteed to be branched to other roadways or transmitted to a construction working surface in a relay mode, air flow is accelerated, oil smoke and dust are discharged, and constructors and construction equipment can work normally.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a ventilation structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the mini-plenum of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the large air chamber of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the fastening member of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate:

reference numerals	Name (R)	Reference numerals	Name (R)
				10	Tunnel	40	Large air chamber
20	Ventilating duct	410	Second filter element
				210	Forced air inlet section	50	Oxygen-making chamber
220	Fastening member	510	Oxygen pipeline
				221	First fastening part	60	Oxygen content detection assembly
222	Second fastening part	70	Flow guiding fan
				230	Sealing member	80	Relay fan
30	Small wind chamber	90	Air blower

The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the ventilation structure provided in this embodiment is applied to a tunnel 10, especially a plateau tunnel, and due to a high altitude and a thin air, sufficient air needs to flow to meet construction requirements. The ventilation structure includes: a ventilation duct 20, a small plenum 30 and a large plenum 40. The ventilation duct 20 is disposed along the entrance and exit direction of the tunnel 10, and specifically, the ventilation duct 20 is a metal duct, which is a hard duct. The ventilation duct 20 extends from a tunnel entrance position of the tunnel 10 to the vicinity of a construction work surface of the tunnel 10, and the ventilation duct 20 is used to transmit air outside the tunnel 10 to the construction work surface. Conventionally, air duct cloth is used for conveying air from the outside of the tunnel 10, and air duct cloth is prone to air leakage and difficult to maintain air pressure over a long distance. Generally, the ventilation duct 20 is laid at a position close to the side wall surface of the tunnel 10, so that the middle area can be avoided, the space is saved, and the influence on the access of construction equipment is avoided. In the process of transporting air in the ventilation duct 20, the air is rubbed against the inner wall surface of the duct, or the duct has poor sealing performance, which leads to the loss of the flowing air, i.e., the loss of the air volume. The ventilation duct 20 is further provided with a small air chamber 30, the small air chamber 30 is communicated with the ventilation duct 20, and in the process that the ventilation duct 20 transmits air to the tunnel 10, the air passes through the small air chamber 30. The air outlet end of the small air chamber 30 is provided with a relay fan 80, and the relay fan 80 is used for increasing the pressure of air transmission in the tunnel 10 and enabling air to flow rapidly in the ventilation duct 20, so that the lost air pressure caused by air flow friction is compensated.

In addition, the ventilation duct 20 is further provided with a large air chamber 40, the large air chamber 40 is communicated with the ventilation duct 20, air transmitted through the ventilation duct 20 passes through the large air chamber 40, the volume space of the large air chamber 40 is larger than that of the small air chamber 30, the large air chamber 40 has a volume space with a larger volume, and the large air chamber 40 can be used for storing sufficient air, so that a sufficient air source is provided, and the air can be supplemented timely under the condition of air volume loss. In addition, the large air chamber 40 can also be used as a ventilation branch junction structure for supplying air to more than 2 roadways. Generally speaking, the volume of the small air chamber 30 is 20 cubic meters and the volume of the large air chamber 40 is 100 cubic meters under the condition of not influencing the transportation of operation construction.

In the technical scheme of the embodiment, a ventilation pipeline 20 is arranged in a tunnel 10, the ventilation pipeline 20 is respectively communicated with a small air chamber 30 and a large air chamber 40, the ventilation pipeline 20 is arranged in the tunnel 10, the ventilation pipeline 20 is respectively communicated with the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40, a relay fan 80 is arranged at the air outlet end of the small air chamber 30, and when the air pressure in the ventilation pipeline 20 is insufficient, the relay fan 80 can increase the effect on the air in the small air chamber 30 and accelerate the air flow in the small air chamber 30, so that more air is provided for the construction working face. In addition, the large air chamber 40 has a volume space larger than that of the small air chamber 30, and can store enough air, ensure that enough air is branched to other roadways or is transmitted to a construction operation surface, accelerate air flow, discharge oil smoke and dust, and enable constructors and construction equipment to normally operate.

In one embodiment, the ventilation duct 20 includes a press-in air intake section 210, the press-in air intake section 210 is disposed at the entrance of the tunnel 10, and the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 are sequentially away from the entrance of the tunnel 10. The forced air intake section 210 is configured to press air outside the tunnel 10 into the ventilation duct 20 by an axial flow fan. Generally, as the ventilation duct 20 extends, more air flowing gradually contacts the inner wall of the duct and air leaks from the interface, which inevitably generates air loss, the air volume and the air pressure begin to decrease, and the axial flow fan 80 is directly connected in series, which inevitably causes negative pressure at the front end to cause suction and blocking of the duct, so that the small air chamber 30 is added at the rear end of the axial flow fan, the small air chamber 30 sucks dirty air in the hole of the tunnel, and the oil smoke and dust contained in the dirty air are removed through the special filter plate arranged in the small air chamber 30, the air volume is compensated, the sufficient air volume required by the relay of the relay fan 80 is increased, and the problem of suction and blocking is avoided. For example, the small air compartment 30 is located between 1.5km and 2.0km from the entrance/exit of the tunnel 10. The large plenum 40 is also spaced apart from the small plenum 30, for example, the large plenum 40 is spaced apart from the small plenum 30 by 1 km. The small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 are connected in series on the ventilation duct 20, and the volume of the large air chamber 40 is larger than that of the small air chamber 30, so that sufficient air can be ensured in the ventilation duct 20 by the mode of mutual spacing of the small air chamber and the large air chamber, the installation cost can be saved, and a large amount of construction operation space is avoided. The specific setting mode can be that a large air chamber 40 is connected behind a small air chamber 30, and the small air chamber 30 is connected behind the large air chamber 40, so that the circulation is set at intervals until the air is transmitted to the construction working face.

In addition, the arrangement mode of the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 is not limited to that one large air chamber 40 is connected behind one small air chamber 30, a plurality of small air chambers 30 are connected with one large air chamber 40, or a plurality of large air chambers 40 are connected behind one small air chamber 30, and the specific arrangement mode can be adjusted according to the air volume loss condition and the construction work space.

In one embodiment, the ventilation structure further comprises an oxygen producing chamber 50 and an oxygen content detecting assembly 60, wherein the oxygen producing chamber 50 is provided with an oxygen conveying pipeline communicated with the press-in air inlet section 210, the oxygen content detecting assembly 60 is arranged on the small air chamber 30 and/or the large air chamber 40, and it is understood that the oxygen content detecting assembly 60 is arranged on the small air chamber 30, the oxygen content detecting assembly 60 is arranged on the large air chamber 40, or the oxygen content detecting assembly 60 is arranged on the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40. The oxygen producing chamber 50 has an oxygen delivery pipe 510 communicated with the forced air intake section 210, the oxygen producing chamber 50 may also be called an oxygen producing station, the oxygen producing chamber 50 is used for providing pure oxygen, the oxygen producing chamber 50 is usually disposed near the entrance and exit of the tunnel 10, and the oxygen produced by the oxygen producing chamber 50 is transmitted into the ventilation pipe 20 through the oxygen delivery pipe 510.

The earth is born in the solar system till now, about 45 hundred million years of evolution is carried out, more than billions of years of biological evolution play is played, from the beginning unicellular organisms, tens of millions of species are evolved till now, in the period, two types of anaerobic organisms and aerobic organisms are evolved, of course, along with the gradual change of the earth environment, the anaerobic organisms are only maintained at the bacterial level at present, and the aerobic organisms occupy the absolute dominance of the earth. Human beings are typical aerobic organisms, and the oxygen content in the air on the earth currently occupies about 20%, and the aerobic organisms on the earth are well adapted to the oxygen content. Too high or too low oxygen content for human beings may have adverse effects on the human body. For example, excessive oxygen content can cause oxygen toxicity, i.e., excessive oxygen in the body can generate oxygen free radicals, which are extremely active and flow around the body, attack and kill various cells, cause metabolism and dysfunction of cells and organs, and can promote gene mutation to induce cancer. And the oxygen content is too low, which causes insufficient oxygen content of red blood cells, leads to insufficient oxygen supply of human bodies, and causes vague consciousness, dyspnea and even asphyxia. Therefore, maintaining the stable oxygen content of the construction operation surface is an important condition for ensuring the normal work of construction operators, in addition, fuel oil is consumed in a plurality of construction equipment, oxygen is also needed for fuel oil combustion, and otherwise, the engine cannot provide sufficient power.

The oxygen content detecting assembly 60 can detect the oxygen content in the environment, the normally set standard oxygen content is 18% -20%, and the oxygen content detecting assembly 60 is further connected to the control terminal 620 through the signal line 610. The control terminal is connected with the oxygen producing chamber 50. When the oxygen content detecting module 60 detects that the oxygen content is less than 18%, the detected signal is transmitted to the control terminal 620 through the signal line 610. The control terminal 620 controls the oxygen producing chamber 50 to increase the oxygen production amount and transmits more oxygen to the forced air induction section 210 through the oxygen transmission pipe 510, so as to improve the condition of low oxygen content. When the oxygen content detecting module 60 detects that the oxygen content is higher than 20%, the detected signal is transmitted to the control terminal 620 through the signal line 610. The control terminal 620 controls the oxygen generation chamber 50 to reduce the oxygen production amount, or closes the oxygen delivery pipe 510, thereby reducing the oxygen amount delivered to the forced air induction section 210 and improving the situation of high oxygen content. Therefore, the oxygen content of the construction working face can be flexibly adjusted through the oxygen content detection assembly 60, and normal operation of personnel and equipment is guaranteed.

In addition, the control terminal 620 has a controller, such as a computer, for operating the interface. The controller can control the amount of oxygen produced by the oxygen producing chamber 50.

In one embodiment, the small plenum 30 and/or the large plenum 40 are provided with filter elements, it being understood that the small plenum 30 is provided with filter elements, or the large plenum 40 is provided with filter elements, or the small plenum 30 and the large plenum 40 are provided with filter elements. The filter element includes a first filter element and a second filter element. For example, the small air chamber 30 is provided with a compensation air opening (not shown) on the surface thereof, and the compensation air opening is provided with a first filtering component (not shown). By the arrangement of the compensation air opening, the small air chamber 30 is communicated with the internal air environment of the tunnel 10, so that the ventilation pipeline 20 can be supplemented with the air existing in the tunnel 10. Specifically, a negative pressure is generated in the small air chamber 30 by the axial flow fan 80, and the air flows into the small air chamber 30 having the negative pressure. It is also possible to provide a blowing means near the compensation air port to transfer the air in the tunnel 10 into the small air chamber 30. One or the two ways are combined with each other, so that the air inside the tunnel 10 is delivered into the small air chamber 30, thereby compensating the air volume lost in the ventilation duct 20. In addition, the tunnel 10 is often in a construction state, and has large dust and oil smoke, and may contain a trace amount of chemical gas. The first filtering component is arranged at the position of the compensation air opening, so that air entering the small air chamber 30 can be filtered, the cleanness degree of the air transmitted to the construction working face is improved, the first filtering component can be divided into three filters, namely a primary filter, a middle-grade filter and a chemical filter, and the air in the tunnel 10 is filtered by the primary filter, the middle-grade filter and the chemical filter in sequence. The primary filter is used for filtering large-particle substances, the intermediate filter is used for filtering small-particle substances, and the chemical filter is used for filtering waste gas generated by drilling and rock drilling in a tunnel, operation of construction equipment, explosive blasting and the like. The small air chamber 30 can be in a cuboid shape, the compensation air openings can be arranged on the peripheral side faces of the small air chamber 30 in the air transmission direction, and the first filtering components can also be arranged on the periphery, so that the air inlet area can be enlarged, and meanwhile, the air is guaranteed to be effectively filtered.

Referring to fig. 2, further, a second filter element 410 is disposed inside the large air chamber 40, and the second filter element 410 filters air circulating through the large air chamber 40. Therefore, in order to further ensure the filtering effect, the second filtering component 410 is further arranged inside the large air chamber 40, the second filtering component 410 can filter the air again, and the arrangement of the second filtering component 410 may also include three filters, namely, a primary filter, a middle-stage filter and a chemical filter, or one of the filters may be arranged, or other filters may be adopted. The second filter element 410 is mainly used for secondary filtration of air, and better improves the cleanliness of air transmitted to a construction work surface.

In one embodiment, the ventilation structure includes a guide fan 70, and the guide fan 70 is disposed on the wall surface of the tunnel 10. Specifically, the induced flow fan 70 is configured to blow air inside the tunnel 10 to the outside, and increase the circulation speed of the air, that is, the induced flow direction of the induced flow fan 70 is from the inside of the tunnel 10 to the outside of the tunnel 10. Due to the long distance of the tunnel 10, a plurality of induced draft fans 70 are arranged in a row, generally along the entrance and exit direction of the tunnel 10. The induced draft fan 70 may be installed at a side wall or a top end of the tunnel 10, and it is generally necessary to avoid the influence on the construction.

Referring to fig. 3, in one embodiment, the air outlet end of the large air chamber 40 is connected to a relay blower 80, and the relay blower 80 increases the pressure of the air flow from the large air chamber 40.

It can be understood that there are three situations in the arrangement position of the relay fan 80, and the first situation is that the air outlet end of the small air chamber 30 is provided with the relay fan 80. In the second case, a relay blower 80 is provided at the air outlet end of the large air chamber 40. In the third case, the relay fans 80 are disposed at the air outlet end of the small air chamber 30 and the air outlet end of the large air chamber 40. In the process of air transmission in the tunnel 10, the air quantity is reduced, namely the total amount of air is dissipated, meanwhile, the pressure of the air is also reduced, the reduction of the air pressure causes the air transmission efficiency to be slowed, and the relay fan 80 is arranged to ensure the continuous power of the air transmission, so that the air is more effectively and rapidly transmitted to the construction working face.

In one embodiment, in the extending direction of the ventilation duct 20 from the inside of the tunnel 10 to the tunnel entrance, the operation power of the relay fan 80 far away from the tunnel entrance is less than or equal to the operation power of the relay fan 80 close to the tunnel entrance.

Specifically, the relay fan 80 is disposed along the ventilation duct 20, the relay fan 80 is usually close to the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40, and a plurality of relay fans 80 are disposed, so that the operating power of the relay fan 80 disposed behind is less than or equal to the operating power of the relay fan 80 disposed in front, and the relay fan 80 generates suction force when operating, that is, the suction force behind cannot be greater than the suction force in front, which can also be understood as that the operating power of the relay fan 80 is gradually reduced from outside to inside. When the relay fan 80 is used for pumping air, negative pressure is generated inside the small air chamber 30, the large air chamber 40 and the ventilation duct 20, pressure is generated outside the small air chamber 30, the large air chamber 40 and the ventilation duct 20, if the operating power of the relay fan 80 is too high, the surfaces of the small air chamber 30, the large air chamber 40 and the ventilation duct 20 bear higher pressure, and the small air chamber 30, the large air chamber 40 and the ventilation duct 20 are easily pressed and held under the action of the pressure.

Referring to fig. 4, fastening members 220 are disposed at the connection positions of the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 and the ventilation duct 20, the fastening members 220 include first fastening portions 221 and second fastening portions 222, and the first fastening portions 221 and the second fastening portions 222 are butt-fastened to connect the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 with the ventilation duct 20.

In addition, the fastening member 220 is, for example, a flange. The first fastening portion 221 and the second fastening portion 222 are respectively provided with corresponding screw holes, and screws are provided in the screw holes to fix the first fastening portion 221 and the second fastening portion 222 together, thereby enabling the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 to communicate with the ventilation duct 20.

In one embodiment, the fastening member 220 is provided with a sealing member 230, and the sealing member 230 includes a sealing ring. Specifically, the contact surface between the first fastening portion 221 and the second fastening portion 222 is provided with a sealing ring. The position between first fastening portion 221 and the second fastening portion 222 is because the influence of the dynamics of fastening or contact surface roughness, there may be the clearance, sets up the sealing washer through the contact surface, can avoid the air to be the loss outside through the contact surface.

In one embodiment, the small plenum 30 is made of a lightweight material and the large plenum 40 is made of a rigid material. Specifically, the small air chamber 30 is made of a light material, such as a light steel plate or a light plastic steel, and the small air chamber 30 is generally erected on the inner wall surface of the tunnel 10. The large air chamber 40 may be made of a conventional hard material such as a hard steel plate. The small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 can be constructed by using an inner wall surface portion of the tunnel 10, that is, an inner wall surface of the tunnel 10 and a light weight plate to form the small air chamber 30. The inner wall surface of the tunnel 10 and the hard plates form an air plenum 40. The small air chamber 30 is made of the existing light materials, the large air chamber 40 is made of the existing hard materials, and the soft materials and the hard materials are matched and used, so that the whole strength of the ventilation structure is ensured to be proper. In addition, the large air chamber 40 occupies a large volume space, and when the large air chamber 40 is arranged, a section of increased space can be dug on the inner wall surface of the tunnel 10, so that the large air chamber 40 can meet the volume requirement and can avoid occupying a construction channel in the tunnel 10. Moreover, the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40 are built in a modular design, and after construction is finished, the small air chamber and the large air chamber are easy to disassemble, and disassembled parts can be reassembled, so that the small air chamber and the large air chamber can be used for new tunnel construction.

The present invention also provides a ventilation system comprising: the blower 90 and the ventilation structure as described above, the blower 90 is disposed at the inlet side of the tunnel 10, and the blower 90 delivers the fresh air outside the tunnel 10 into the ventilation duct 20.

The ventilation structure is applied to the tunnel 10, especially a plateau tunnel, and due to the fact that the altitude is high, air is thin, and sufficient air needs to flow more to meet construction requirements. The ventilation structure includes: a ventilation duct 20, a small plenum 30 and a large plenum 40. The ventilation duct 20 is disposed along the entrance and exit direction of the tunnel 10, and specifically, the ventilation duct 20 extends from the tunnel entrance position of the tunnel 10 to the vicinity of the construction work surface of the tunnel 10, and the ventilation duct 20 is used for transmitting the air outside the tunnel 10 to the construction work surface. Generally, the ventilation duct 20 is laid at a position close to the side wall surface of the tunnel 10, so that the middle area can be avoided, the space is saved, and the influence on the access of construction equipment is avoided. In the process of transporting air in the ventilation duct 20, the air is rubbed against the inner wall surface of the duct, or the duct has poor sealing performance, which leads to the loss of the flowing air, i.e., the loss of the air volume. The ventilation duct 20 is further provided with a small air chamber 30, the small air chamber 30 is communicated with the ventilation duct 20, and in the process that the ventilation duct 20 transmits air to the tunnel 10, the air passes through the small air chamber 30. The air outlet end of the small air chamber 30 is provided with a relay fan 80, and the relay fan 80 is used for increasing the pressure of air transmission in the tunnel 10 and enabling air to flow rapidly in the ventilation duct 20, so that the lost air pressure caused by air flow friction is compensated.

In addition, the ventilation duct 20 is further provided with a large air chamber 40, the large air chamber 40 is communicated with the ventilation duct 20, air transmitted through the ventilation duct 20 passes through the large air chamber 40, the capacity space of the large air chamber 40 is larger than that of the small air chamber 30, and the large air chamber 40 can be used for storing sufficient air through the large air chamber 40 with the capacity space with the larger capacity, so that a sufficient air source is provided. In addition, the large air chamber 40 can also be used as a ventilation branch junction structure for supplying air to more than 2 roadways. Generally speaking, the volume of the small air chamber 30 is 20 cubic meters and the volume of the large air chamber 40 is 100 cubic meters under the condition of not influencing the transportation of operation construction.

In the technical scheme of the embodiment, a ventilation pipeline 20 is arranged in a tunnel 10, the ventilation pipeline 20 is respectively communicated with a small air chamber 30 and a large air chamber 40, the ventilation pipeline 20 is arranged in the tunnel 10, the ventilation pipeline 20 is respectively communicated with the small air chamber 30 and the large air chamber 40, a relay fan 80 is arranged at the air outlet end of the small air chamber 30, and when the air pressure in the ventilation pipeline 20 is insufficient, the relay fan 80 can increase the effect on the air in the small air chamber 30 and accelerate the air flow in the small air chamber 30, so that more air is provided for the construction working face. In addition, the large air chamber 40 has a volume space larger than that of the small air chamber 30, and can store enough air, ensure that enough air is branched to other roadways or transmitted to a construction working surface in a relay manner, accelerate air flow, discharge oil smoke and dust, and enable constructors and construction equipment to work normally.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation structure, applied to a tunnel, comprising:

2. The ventilation structure of claim 1, wherein the ventilation duct includes a forced-air intake section disposed at an inlet of the tunnel, and the large plenum is disposed at the small plenum away from the inlet of the tunnel.

3. The ventilation structure of claim 2, further comprising an oxygen generation chamber having an oxygen delivery pipe communicating with the press-in air intake section, and an oxygen content detection assembly provided in the small air chamber and/or the large air chamber.

4. The ventilation structure of claim 1, wherein the small plenum and/or the large plenum is provided with a filter member.

5. The ventilation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a guide fan provided at a top end of the wall surface of the tunnel.

6. The ventilation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the relay fan is connected to an air outlet end of the large air chamber.

7. The ventilation structure according to claim 6, wherein in an extending direction of the ventilation duct from the inside of the tunnel to the tunnel entrance, an operating power of the relay fan disposed far from the tunnel entrance is less than or equal to an operating power of the relay fan disposed near the tunnel entrance.

8. The ventilation structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein fastening means are provided at the connection positions of the small air chamber and the large air chamber with the ventilation duct.

9. A ventilating structure according to claim 8, wherein the fastening member is provided with a sealing member.

10. A ventilation system, comprising: a blower provided on an inlet side of the tunnel, the blower delivering air outside the tunnel into the ventilation duct, and the ventilation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9.