CN111706381A - Air duct ventilation structure of extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and ventilation method thereof - Google Patents
Air duct ventilation structure of extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and ventilation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111706381A CN111706381A CN202010578138.5A CN202010578138A CN111706381A CN 111706381 A CN111706381 A CN 111706381A CN 202010578138 A CN202010578138 A CN 202010578138A CN 111706381 A CN111706381 A CN 111706381A
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009323 psychological health Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/003—Ventilation of traffic tunnels
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air duct ventilation structure of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and a ventilation method thereof, and the air duct ventilation structure of the extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel comprises the following steps: n +1 fans, wherein the air outlet end of each fan is provided with a ventilation pipe, the first fan is arranged outside the tunnel, and the rest fans are uniformly arranged in the tunnel at intervals; the n air channels are arranged between every two adjacent fans and are used for communicating the ventilation pipelines of every two adjacent fans; each air duct comprises an inlet and an outlet, wherein an nth fan positioned in the tunnel 5 is arranged in the outlet of the (n-1) th air duct, and a ventilation pipe of the nth fan is inserted into the nth air duct; and the n air doors are arranged at the inlet of each air duct. The problem of current ultralong single-end ventilation tunnel construction ventilation can not satisfy on-the-spot face amount of wind that needs is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnels, and particularly relates to an air duct ventilation structure of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and a ventilation method thereof.
Background
With the proposal and the comprehensive implementation of the strategy of the strong traffic country, the construction of tunnels and underground engineering in China also takes a brand new era. According to the requirements of improving the national road network, realizing the requirements of cutting curves, descending slopes, accelerating, improving the operation safety, realizing long-term operation income and the like, the lengths of railway tunnels and highway tunnels in China are continuously refreshed, and the design and construction of overlong and even extra-long tunnels are more and more.
In order to ensure the safety, quality and efficiency of tunnel construction and the physical and psychological health of operators, creating a good construction operation environment becomes a key point of attention of all parties, the ventilation effect of tunnel construction is more important, but the difficulty of construction ventilation is increased. In conventional construction ventilation designs, single-head press-in ventilation, tunnel ventilation, center-partition ventilation, exhaust ventilation, or combined supply and exhaust ventilation is generally selected. However, the above ventilation method has the following disadvantages: 1. the single-head press-in type ventilation is greatly influenced by the section of the tunnel, and the ventilation resistance of the single-head press-in type ventilation becomes a main factor for limiting the ventilation length; 2. the requirements on the forming conditions of roadway ventilation are high, and the tunnel ventilation system is usually used in a double-hole tunnel; 3. the middle clapboard type ventilation has high construction investment, difficult guarantee of construction quality, easy formation of dirty air circulation and difficult satisfaction of the field construction requirement; 4. if the exhaust type ventilation is realized by using a hard ventilation pipe, the air pipe is difficult to lengthen, the maintenance cost is high, the dirty air circulating ventilation quality is easy to form and difficult to ensure, and if the soft ventilation pipe is used, the power supply and moving difficulty of the ventilator is high, and unnecessary influence is easy to generate on construction; 5. the ventilation of the air supply and exhaust mixed type is the same as the above. In conclusion, the traditional tunnel construction ventilation method is difficult to adapt to the construction requirement of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air duct ventilation structure of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and a ventilation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the ventilation of the existing extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel construction cannot meet the air quantity requirement of a field tunnel face.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: an air duct ventilation structure of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel comprises:
n +1 fans, wherein the air outlet end of each fan is provided with a ventilation pipe, the first fan is arranged outside the tunnel, and the rest fans are uniformly arranged in the tunnel at intervals;
the n air channels are arranged between every two adjacent fans and are used for communicating the ventilation pipelines of every two adjacent fans; each air duct comprises an inlet and an outlet, wherein an nth fan positioned in the tunnel 5 is arranged in the outlet of the (n-1) th air duct, and a ventilation pipe of the nth fan is inserted into the nth air duct;
and the n air doors are arranged at the inlet of each air duct.
Further, the distance between the first fan located outside the tunnel and the opening is greater than 30 meters.
Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of each air duct is more than 9m2And the length is more than 10 m.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the relay ventilation method for the air duct of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel adopts the air duct ventilation structure of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, and comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating the air quantity Q required by the tunnel face according to the ventilation requirement of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, respectively calculating the air quantity Q required by the tunnel face according to the maximum number of people working in the tunnel simultaneously, the minimum air speed allowed in the tunnel, the amount of blasting smoke required to be removed by one-time blasting and the total power of internal combustion mechanical equipment, taking the maximum value as the air quantity Q required, and finally performing altitude correction;
respectively selecting the diameter of each ventilation pipe according to the section size of each section of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel;
calculating the air supply quantity Q of the (n + 1) th fan 1 according to the air quantity Q required by the tunnel facen+1And pressure Pn+1Calculating the air supply quantity and the air pressure of other fans by analogy;
selecting a first fan to an n +1 fan with proper models according to the air supply quantity and the air pressure of each fan and the diameter of each section of air pipe;
secondly, the first fan is placed at a position which is 30 meters away from the hole opening, the ventilation pipe 2 at the air outlet of the first fan is placed into the inlet of the first air duct 3, and the ventilation pipe 2 at the air inlet of the second fan 1 is placed into the outlet of the first air duct 3;
and so on until the ventilation pipe at the air outlet of the (n-1) th fan is arranged at the inlet of the nth air duct, the ventilation pipe at the air inlet of the (n + 1) th fan is arranged at the outlet of the nth air duct,
so that the fresh air is sent to the tunnel face through the first fan, the first air duct, …, the nth air duct and the (n + 1) th fan in sequence.
5. A method according to claim 4, characterised in that the ventilation tube of each fan is placed in the duct to a depth of 1-2 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the plurality of air channels are arranged in the tunnel, and the plurality of fans are connected in series to form the ventilation air channels. Meanwhile, the invention has strong adaptability to the section of the tunnel, has small influence on the construction of the tunnel, does not need a parallel pilot tunnel and greatly reduces the design and construction investment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an air duct ventilation structure of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel of the invention.
The tunnel comprises a fan 1, a ventilation pipe 2, an air duct 3, a tunnel face 4 and a tunnel 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides an air duct ventilation structure of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, which comprises n +1 fans 1, wherein the air outlet end of each fan 1 is provided with a ventilation pipe 2, the first fan 1 is arranged outside the tunnel 5, and the other fans 1 are uniformly arranged in the tunnel 5 at intervals. The n air channels 3 are arranged between every two adjacent fans 1 and are used for communicating the ventilation pipelines of every two adjacent fans 1; each air duct 3 comprises an inlet and an outlet, wherein the nth fan 1 positioned inside the tunnel 5 is arranged in the outlet of the (n-1) th air duct, and the ventilation pipe 2 of the nth fan 1 is inserted into the nth air duct. n dampers are provided at the inlet of each of the air ducts 3.
The length of the extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel is more than 10km, a plurality of fans can be arranged to ventilate in the tunnel normally, but the ventilation effect of the extra-long tunnel is very poor, so that an air channel 3 is arranged between every two adjacent fans 1, the two fans 1 can be connected well, and the ventilation effect of the extra-long tunnel is ensured.
Wherein, the distance between the first fan 1 positioned outside the tunnel 5 and the opening is more than 30 meters. The cross-sectional area of each air duct 3 is more than 9m2And the length is more than 10 m.
The invention also provides a ventilation method for the air duct of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step one, calculating the air quantity Q required by the tunnel face according to relevant specifications and design requirements, respectively calculating the air quantity according to the maximum number of people who work in the tunnel simultaneously, the minimum wind speed allowed in the tunnel, the amount of smoke required to be removed by one-time blasting and the total power of internal combustion mechanical equipment, taking the maximum value as the control air quantity, and finally performing altitude correction;
the diameters of a ventilation pipe 1, a ventilation pipe 2, a ventilation pipe 3 and a ventilation pipe n are respectively selected according to the section size of each section of tunnel, and the ventilation pipe with the larger diameter is selected as much as possible;
calculating the air supply quantity Q of the (n + 1) th fan according to the air quantity Q required by the tunnel facen+1And pressure Pn+1Calculating the air supply quantity and the air pressure of other fans by analogy;
in the formula, the air leakage rate is beta-hectometer; l is the ventilation distance, m;
in the formula, Pn+1-the wind pressure, Pa, that the fan should provide; lambda-coefficient of friction resistance of air duct; d-diameter of air duct, m; ρ -air density.
And selecting a first fan to an n +1 fan with proper models according to the air supply quantity and the air pressure of each fan and the diameter of each section of air pipe.
The fan has the technical characteristics of the fan, so that different work efficiency is displayed when the fan is matched with air pipes with different diameters and different types, the characteristic curves of the fan and the air pipes are matched when the fan is selected, and the proper model is selected finally. The specific standard is as follows: 1. the selected fan can provide air quantity larger than the calculated air supply quantity; 2. the selected fan may provide sufficient pressure to overcome the resistance of the ventilation system; 3. when two above conditions are satisfied, the fan can be guaranteed to operate in a high-efficiency area.
And step two, placing the fan 1 outside the opening of the tunnel by 30 meters, adopting press-in ventilation, sending fresh air to the face of the tunnel through the flexible air pipe, and excavating the air duct 1 with the section size of A1 square meters and the length of B1m on one axial side of the tunnel when the excavation reaches a certain distance L1. When the excavation length of the tunnel face is greater than (L1+ B1+20) m, the air outlet of the ventilation pipe 1 is conveyed to one end of the air duct 1 (the conveying length is usually 1-2m), the other end of the air duct 1 is provided with the fan 2, air is continuously supplied to the tunnel face through the ventilation pipe 2, and meanwhile, air doors are arranged at two ends of the air duct 1;
and repeating the operation until the air outlet of the ventilation pipe n-1 is fed into one end of the air duct n (the feeding length is usually 1-2m), the other end of the air duct n is provided with a fan n +1, air is continuously supplied to the tunnel face through the ventilation pipe n, and meanwhile, air doors are arranged at two ends of the air duct n to finish the construction ventilation task.
The air duct ventilation structure of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and the ventilation method thereof generally focus on the improvement of the performance of a ventilator and the performance of an air duct in the research of the construction ventilation of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, and the research focus of the invention is on the innovation of a ventilation mode, so that the bottleneck of equipment research is bypassed. In the traditional construction ventilation of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, the factors restricting the ventilation effect are the size of the cross section of the tunnel and the length of the single-head ventilation. The cross section of the tunnel directly influences the selectable air pipe diameter, and the air pipe diameter directly influences the resistance of a ventilation system, so that the fan type selection is influenced; the single-head ventilation length directly influences the resistance of a ventilation system and the air supply quantity of a fan, so that the type selection of the fan is influenced. The invention is innovative in that the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel is treated by segmenting, the ventilation resistance of each segment of the tunnel only affects the fan type selection of the corresponding segment, and the whole ventilation of the tunnel is not affected, namely the influence of the performance of the existing ventilation equipment on the ventilation of the construction of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel is reduced to the minimum, so that the purposes of strong adaptability to the section of the tunnel and capability of carrying out the ultra-long distance ventilation are realized.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an extra long single-end ventilation tunnel wind channel ventilation structure which characterized in that includes:
n +1 fans (1), wherein a ventilation pipe (2) is arranged at the air outlet end of each fan (1), the first fan (1) is arranged outside the tunnel (5), and the rest fans (1) are uniformly arranged in the tunnel (5) at intervals;
the n air channels (3) are arranged between every two adjacent fans (1) and are used for communicating ventilation pipelines of every two adjacent fans (1); each air duct (3) comprises an inlet and an outlet, wherein an nth fan (1) positioned inside the tunnel 5 is arranged in the outlet of the (n-1) air duct, and a ventilation pipe (2) of the nth fan (1) is inserted into the nth air duct;
n air doors are arranged at the inlet of each air duct (3).
2. An extra long single-ended ventilation tunnel air duct ventilation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that said first fan (1) located outside the tunnel (5) is more than 30 meters from the tunnel opening.
3. Such asAn extra-long single-ended ventilation tunnel air duct ventilation structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said air ducts (3) has a cross-sectional area of more than 9m2And the length is more than 10 m.
4. An air channel relay ventilation method of an extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, which adopts the air channel ventilation structure of the extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, calculating the air quantity Q required by a tunnel face (4) according to the ventilation requirement of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel, respectively calculating the air quantity Q required by the tunnel face according to the maximum number of people working in the tunnel at the same time, the minimum air speed allowed in the tunnel, the amount of blasting smoke required to be removed by one-time blasting and the total power of internal combustion mechanical equipment, taking the maximum value as the air quantity Q required, and finally performing altitude correction;
the diameter of each ventilation pipe (2) is selected according to the section size of each section of the ultra-long single-head ventilation tunnel (5);
calculating the air supply quantity Q of the (n + 1) th fan 1 according to the air demand quantity Q of the tunnel face (4)n+1And pressure Pn+1Calculating the air supply quantity and the air pressure of the other fans (1) by analogy;
selecting a first fan (1) to an n +1 fan (1) with proper models according to the air supply quantity and the air pressure of each fan (1) and the diameter of each section of air pipe;
secondly, the first fan (1) is placed at a distance of 30 meters from the opening, the ventilation pipe 2 at the air outlet of the first fan (1) is placed at the inlet of the first air duct 3, and the ventilation pipe 2 at the air inlet of the second fan (1) is placed at the outlet of the first air duct 3;
and so on until the ventilation pipe (2) at the air outlet of the (n-1) th fan (1) is arranged at the inlet of the nth air duct (3), the ventilation pipe (2) at the air inlet of the (n + 1) th fan (1) is arranged at the outlet of the nth air duct (3),
fresh air is sent to the tunnel face (4) through the first fan (1), the first air ducts (3), …, the nth air duct (3) and the (n + 1) th fan (1) in sequence.
5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the ventilation duct (2) of each fan (1) is placed in the air duct (3) to a depth of 1-2 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010578138.5A CN111706381A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Air duct ventilation structure of extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and ventilation method thereof |
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| CN202010578138.5A CN111706381A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Air duct ventilation structure of extra-long single-head ventilation tunnel and ventilation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112796826A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 长安大学 | Fan-blade-free ventilating tunnel escape pipe and design method |
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