CN111200183A - Planar equiangular spiral and four-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna - Google Patents
Planar equiangular spiral and four-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111200183A CN111200183A CN201811380954.4A CN201811380954A CN111200183A CN 111200183 A CN111200183 A CN 111200183A CN 201811380954 A CN201811380954 A CN 201811380954A CN 111200183 A CN111200183 A CN 111200183A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention provides a planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna which comprises a double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna and a quadrifilar cylindrical spiral antenna, wherein the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna is in seamless connection with the quadrifilar cylindrical spiral antenna at the outer end of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna. According to the invention, the four-arm cylindrical spiral is adopted to replace the two-arm cylindrical spiral and the planar spiral to form the composite structure antenna, so that the size of the antenna is greatly reduced, the corresponding wavelength of 0.3GHz is 1000mm, the maximum size of the antenna is 64mm, only 0.064 lambda is adopted, and the size of the antenna is far smaller than that of the existing antenna; the axial ratio of the antenna is obviously reduced, so that the antenna has good circular polarization characteristics at 0.3GHz-7 GHz. The loading of the lumped resistor at the bottom end of the four-arm cylindrical spiral effectively improves the input impedance matching and the current distribution at the tail end of the antenna in the whole bandwidth range, and can obviously optimize the S of the antenna11And (4) parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of helical antennas, in particular to a planar equiangular helical and four-arm cylindrical helical composite structure antenna.
Background
Rums proposed in 1957 that the theory of non-frequency-varying antennas broke through the previous antenna bandwidth not exceeding 2: 1, the continuous development of the ultra-wideband antenna technology is promoted. At present, wide-band antennas are various in types, but most of the wide-band antennas are used on the ground, and have large sizes and sizes, but as antennas used on vehicles, ships, naval vessels, airplanes and guided missiles, the wide-band antennas are required to have small sizes and good wide-band electrical performance, so that the wide-band antennas with small sizes and high gains are very important to research.
The helical antenna belongs to a non-frequency-variable antenna series, has broadband characteristics in various aspects, and can have good impedance characteristics, directional diagram characteristics and circular polarization characteristics in a wide frequency band, so that the helical antenna is widely applied to the fields of electronic reconnaissance, anti-radiation guidance, vehicle-mounted satellite communication, UWB and the like. The commonly used helical antenna comprises a planar helical antenna and a three-dimensional helical antenna, wherein the planar helical antenna comprises an Archimedes helical antenna and an equiangular helical antenna, the three-dimensional helical antenna comprises a cylindrical helical antenna, a conical helical antenna and the like, and the three-dimensional helical antenna structurally comprises a single arm, two arms, four arms and the like. The longitudinal size of the planar helical antenna is small, and the radial size is in direct proportion to the maximum working wavelength of the antenna; the bandwidth of the solid helical antenna is narrow relative to the planar helical antenna, but the radial dimension is much smaller than the planar helical antenna at the same operating frequency.
The single helical antenna is difficult to further realize the miniaturization on the volume on the conventional design size under the condition of determining the frequency band, and if the advantages of the performance of the two types of antennas can be combined, a plane helical structure is adopted at the high frequency band of the working frequency band, and a cylindrical helical structure is adopted at the low frequency band, so that the small-caliber ultra-wideband radiation characteristic and the circular polarization characteristic can be realized. At present, a planar spiral and double-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna has appeared, and certain progress is made in the field of antenna miniaturization. However, the new application scenario puts more stringent requirements on the size of the antenna, and the antenna size needs to be further reduced on the basis of ensuring the radiation/reception performance of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna which can effectively reduce the size of the antenna and greatly improve the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna which comprises a double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna and a quadrifilar cylindrical spiral antenna, wherein the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna is in seamless connection with the quadrifilar cylindrical spiral antenna at the outer end of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna.
Furthermore, the planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna also comprises a cylindrical dielectric column, the quadrifilar cylindrical spiral antenna covers and is embedded into the cylindrical surface at one end of the dielectric column, and the dual-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna covers the plane at the same end of the dielectric column.
Preferably, the initial radius of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna is 4mm, the spiral growth rate is 0.221, the number of turns is one turn and one half, and the corresponding radian range is 0 to 2 × pi × 1.5; the number of turns of the four-arm cylindrical helical antenna is half of a turn, the width of each arm is 10 degrees, the corresponding radian range is 2 x pi x 1.5 to 2 x pi x 2, the diameter of the four-arm cylindrical helical antenna is 64mm, and the descending height of the four-arm cylindrical helical antenna in one turn is 94 mm.
Preferably, the material of the bifilar planar equiangular helical antenna is a Rogers5880 high-frequency plate with a dielectric bottom plate thickness of 0.787mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2.
Preferably, the four-arm cylindrical helical antenna is made of a copper sheet.
Preferably, the dielectric column has a diameter of 64mm, a height of 64mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2.
Preferably, the planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna further comprises an impedance transformer, the impedance transformer is placed in the antenna cavity, the upper end of the impedance transformer is connected with the initial end of the dual-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna, and the lower end of the impedance transformer is connected with the feed terminal.
Preferably, the impedance transformer comprises a tapered microstrip line and a balanced twin line; the gradient microstrip line is connected with the feed terminal, and the balance double line is connected with the starting end of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna.
Preferably, two lumped-parameter resistors are loaded at the tail end of the antenna, have a difference of 180 degrees, and are respectively connected to the bottom ends of the four-arm cylindrical helical antenna.
Preferably, the resistance values of the two lumped parameter resistors (5) are both 180 ohms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the four-arm cylindrical spiral is adopted to replace the two-arm cylindrical spiral and the planar spiral to form the composite structure antenna, so that the size of the antenna is greatly reduced, the corresponding wavelength of 0.3GHz is 1000mm, the maximum size of the antenna is 64mm, only 0.064 lambda is adopted, and the size of the antenna is far smaller than that of the existing antenna; and the axial ratio of the antenna is obviously reduced, so that the antenna has good circular polarization characteristic at 0.3GHz-7 GHz. The loading of the lumped resistor at the bottom end of the four-arm cylindrical spiral effectively improves the input impedance matching and the current distribution at the tail end of the antenna in the whole bandwidth range, and can obviously optimize the S of the antenna11Parameter, S in the 0.3GHz-7GHz band11<-15 dB. The composite structure antenna has the characteristic of ultra wide band, the ratio of high frequency to low frequency reaches 23.33, and the composite structure antenna is obviously superior to the existing antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a return loss plot of a planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3 is an axial ratio plot (in the direction of maximum radiation) of a planar equiangular helix and a four-armed cylindrical helix composite antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a plane equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna of the invention, including antenna part and dielectric cylinder 3 part, the said antenna part covers on dielectric cylinder 3, including bifilar plane equiangular spiral antenna 1 and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral antenna 2, what the upper end of dielectric cylinder 3 is put is bifilar plane equiangular spiral antenna 1, the initial radius is 4mm, the spiral growth rate is 0.221, the number of turns is a half and a turn, the corresponding angular range is 0 to 2 x pi x 1.5, the diameter that the spiral antenna 1 of final plane equiangular forms is 64 mm; the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna 2 is arranged on the outer ring of the dielectric column 3, the diameter of the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna 2 is 64mm, the descending height of a half-turn of rotation is 47 questions of mm, and the corresponding angle range is 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by 1.5 to 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by 2. The planar equiangular helical antenna 1 of the present invention is double-arm symmetric, and one designed antenna arm is rotated by 180 ° to form the other arm.
The planar equiangular spiral antenna 1 is made of a Rogers5880 high-frequency board with a dielectric bottom plate of 0.787mm in thickness and a dielectric constant of 2.2, and the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna 2 is made of a copper sheet. And respectively welding the tail ends of the two equal-arm planar spiral antennas 1 and the starting end of the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna 2 in a seamless mode to form the spiral antenna with the composite structure.
On the basis of the planar equiangular spiral and four-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna, in order to improve the performance of the antenna, the invention adopts two technical measures: firstly, the mode of loading two lumped parameter resistors 5 at the tail end of the antenna is adopted, the mounting position is located at the bottom end of the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna 2, the difference is 180 degrees, and the transformation of input impedance and output impedance is realized. The resistance values of the two lumped resistors 5 are both 180 ohms, which is beneficial to the broadband matching of the antenna.
The second technical measure is that an impedance transformer 4 is also arranged in the cavity of the four-arm cylindrical antenna, and the impedance transformer 4 comprises a gradient microstrip line and a balance double line which are connected. The gradient microstrip line is connected with the feed terminal, and the balance double line is connected with the initial end of the planar equiangular spiral antenna 1. Therefore, the transformation from the unbalanced structure of the coaxial line system to the balanced structure of the planar equiangular spiral and the four-arm cylindrical spiral is realized, and the spiral antenna obtains good matching.
Fig. 2 shows a return loss curve of the planar equiangular spiral and quadrifilar cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna of the present invention. Mobile communication system antenna pair S11The requirement for the parameters is less than-14 dB. As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 2, the composite structure antenna of the present invention has an ultra-wideband characteristic, and maintains S in the frequency band range of 0.3GHz-7GHz11<-15dB。
Fig. 3 is a graph of the axial ratio of a planar equiangular helix to a quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite antenna of the present invention, most generally requiring an in-band axial ratio of less than 3dB in a typical design. The composite structure antenna basically ensures that the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3dB in the frequency band range of 0.42GHz-7 GHz.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a plane equiangular spiral and four arm cylinder spiral composite construction antennas which characterized in that: the antenna comprises a two-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna (1) and a four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2), wherein the two-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna (1) is seamlessly connected with the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2) at the outer end of the two-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna.
2. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the four-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna comprises a dielectric column (3), a four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2) and a two-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna (1), wherein the cylindrical dielectric column (3) is arranged in a covering mode, the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna covers and is embedded into a cylindrical surface at one end of the dielectric column (3), and the two-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna covers a plane at the same end of the dielectric column (3.
3. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the initial radius of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna (1) is 4mm, the spiral growth rate is 0.221, the number of turns is one turn and one half, and the corresponding radian range is 0 to 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by 1.5; the number of turns of the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2) is half, the width of each arm is 10 degrees, the corresponding radian range is 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by 1.5 to 2 multiplied by pi multiplied by 2, the diameter of the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2) is 64mm, and the descending height of one turn is 94 mm.
4. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna (1) is made of a Rogers5880 high-frequency plate with a dielectric bottom plate of 0.787mm in thickness and a dielectric constant of 2.2.
5. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2) is made of a copper sheet.
6. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the dielectric column (3) is 64mm in diameter, 64mm in height and 2.2 in dielectric constant.
7. The planar equiangular helical and quadrifilar cylindrical helical composite structure antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the antenna also comprises an impedance converter (4), wherein the impedance converter is placed in the antenna cavity, the upper end of the impedance converter is connected with the initial end of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral (1) antenna, and the lower end of the impedance converter is connected with the feed terminal.
8. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 7, wherein: the impedance converter (4) comprises a gradient microstrip line and a balance double line; the gradient microstrip line is connected with a feed terminal, and the balance double line is connected with the starting end of the double-arm planar equiangular spiral antenna (1).
9. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 1, wherein: two lumped parameter resistors (5) are loaded at the tail end of the antenna, the two lumped parameter resistors (5) have a 180-degree difference and are respectively connected to the bottom ends of the four-arm cylindrical spiral antenna (2).
10. The planar equiangular helix and quadrifilar cylindrical helix composite structural antenna according to claim 9, wherein: the resistance values of the two lumped parameter resistors (5) are both 180 ohms.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811380954.4A CN111200183A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Planar equiangular spiral and four-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811380954.4A CN111200183A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Planar equiangular spiral and four-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna |
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| CN111200183A true CN111200183A (en) | 2020-05-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811380954.4A Pending CN111200183A (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2018-11-20 | Planar equiangular spiral and four-arm cylindrical spiral composite structure antenna |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4697192A (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1987-09-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Two arm planar/conical/helix antenna |
| CN103311659A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-18 | 大连理工大学 | Composite helical antenna precision manufacturing method and measurement machining device |
| CN103490153A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 电子科技大学 | Subminiature ultra-wide-band helical antenna |
-
2018
- 2018-11-20 CN CN201811380954.4A patent/CN111200183A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4697192A (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1987-09-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Two arm planar/conical/helix antenna |
| CN103311659A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-09-18 | 大连理工大学 | Composite helical antenna precision manufacturing method and measurement machining device |
| CN103490153A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 电子科技大学 | Subminiature ultra-wide-band helical antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 费元春: "《超宽带雷达理论与技术》", 31 August 2010 * |
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Application publication date: 20200526 |
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