CN111193549B - Optical frequency comb generation device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift - Google Patents
Optical frequency comb generation device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical frequency comb generating device based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift, which comprises a radio frequency signal source, an electro-optical intensity modulator, an optical amplifier, an optical bandpass filter, an adjustable optical delay line, an optical coupler, a polarization controller and a laser, wherein the electro-optical intensity modulator is connected with the optical amplifier; the radio frequency signal source is electrically connected with the electro-optical intensity modulator; the electro-optical intensity modulator, the optical amplifier, the optical bandpass filter, the adjustable optical delay line, the optical coupler and the polarization controller are sequentially optically connected to form a loop structure; the optical coupler also comprises a group of input ends and output ends, the input ends are optically connected with the laser, and the output ends are output ports of the optical frequency comb. The invention provides an optical frequency comb generating device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift, and aims to realize an optical frequency comb with low radio frequency driving power, large bandwidth, tunable repetition frequency and low noise.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectricity, in particular to an optical frequency comb generating device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift.
Background
A laser light source with a large number of equally spaced wavelengths and a comb-shaped spectrum is also referred to as an Optical Frequency Comb (OFC). The optical frequency comb is an essential component in microwave photon research directions such as ultrafast optical signal detection and measurement and photon signal processing as a pivot for connecting microwaves and light waves. The OFC has important applications in other fields such as precise frequency standard and precise distance measurement, and is rapidly developed as an optical frequency comb technology for connecting a microwave frequency standard and an optical frequency standard core technology under the background of continuous pursuit of measurement precision.
Research on optical-frequency comb generators has started in the nineties of the last century, but has progressed slowly with few solutions suitable for practical applications. There are several methods of generating a flat optical frequency comb:
1) mode locking: the method adopts a mode-locked laser to process each light wave side mode generated by modulation. But basically based on realizations in ideal laboratory environments, systems are complex and devices are expensive from the viewpoint of system structure, and it is difficult to realize commercial applications (b.li, l.shang, g.lin.relationship of a flat optical frequency comb using a single-drive multi-RF Mach-Zehnder modulator in a shielded input module chain [ J ]. optical-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics,2014,125(19):5768 and 5770.).
2) Direct modulation method: there are few schemes that can generate flat comb spectra of 16 or more internationally, and the schemes require extremely powerful RF signal driving, are inefficient and difficult to be put to practical use (S.Ozhar, F.Quinlan, I.Ozd, et al.Ultraflat optical comb generation by phase-on modulation of continuous-wave light [ J ]. IEEE of Photonic Technology Letters,2008,20(1): 36-38.).
3) Single sideband cyclic frequency shift mode: the scheme mainly utilizes a carrier-restraining single-sideband modulation mode of a double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, but the scheme can only broaden a spectrum in one direction, an optical amplifier can introduce a large amount of spontaneous radiation noise, the number of comb-shaped spectrums is limited, the spontaneous radiation is accumulated, and the practical application and popularization are difficult to obtain (J.P.Li, Z.H.Li.frequency-locked multicarrier generator based on a complementary frequency shift with double receiving frequency-shifting registers [ J ]. Optics Letters,2013,38(3): 359-361.).
Therefore, in order to solve the problems in the prior art, it is necessary to develop an optical frequency comb generating device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift to implement an optical frequency comb with low radio frequency driving power, large bandwidth, tunable repetition frequency and low noise.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides the optical frequency comb generating device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift, and realizes the optical frequency comb with low radio frequency driving power, large bandwidth, tunable repetition frequency and low noise.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a light frequency comb generating device based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift comprises a radio frequency signal source, an electro-optic intensity modulator, a light amplifier, a light band-pass filter, an adjustable light delay line, an optical coupler, a polarization controller and a laser; the radio frequency signal source is electrically connected with the electro-optical intensity modulator; the electro-optical intensity modulator, the optical amplifier, the optical bandpass filter, the adjustable optical delay line, the optical coupler and the polarization controller are sequentially optically connected to form a loop structure; the optical coupler also comprises a group of input ends and output ends, the input ends are optically connected with the laser, and the output ends are output ports of the optical frequency comb.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the output ends of the laser and the tunable optical delay line are respectively optically connected to the second port and the first port of the optical coupler, the third port of the optical coupler is optically connected to the polarization controller, and the fourth port of the optical coupler is an output port of the optical frequency comb.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the DC bias of the electro-optic intensity modulator is set at the minimum operating point to achieve carrier double sideband modulation suppression.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electro-optical intensity modulator is a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical intensity modulator or a double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gain G of the optical amplifier satisfies the compensation condition: g is 2/(L.J)1(m)2) (ii) a Where m is the modulation factor of the electro-optic intensity modulator and L is the insertion loss of the loop.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the relationship between the bandwidth B of the optical bandpass filter and the number of cycles N satisfies: b is 2N · f. Where f is the frequency of the radio frequency signal source.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the delay τ generated by the tunable optical delay line satisfies the condition: omega0τ ═ 2p π, ω τ ═ 2q π, where p and q are both positive integers, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier output by the laser, and ω is the angular frequency of the rf signal output by the rf signal source.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for bilateral cyclic frequency shift of an optical frequency comb generating device comprises:
step one, realizing bilateral electro-optical frequency shift, wherein the frequency generated by a laser is f0The optical carrier wave enters a loop through the optical coupler, a radio frequency signal source generates a sine signal with the frequency f and loads the sine signal on the electro-optical intensity modulator, bilateral electro-optical frequency shift is realized after the sine signal passes through the electro-optical intensity modulator, and the frequency of an output optical modulation signal isf0±f。
Step two, optical loss compensation, optical loss of the optical modulation signal passing through an optical amplifier compensation loop, control of cycle times of an optical band-pass filter, control of loop delay by an adjustable optical delay line, and frequency f generated by a laser0The optical carrier wave simultaneously enters the optical coupler, wherein one part of the optical carrier wave is output, and the other part of the optical carrier wave is transmitted into the polarization controller and then enters the loop again.
Step three, stable bilateral electro-optical frequency shift output is carried out, and after N times of circulation, the frequency of an output optical signal of the optical coupler is
The optical frequency comb with large bilateral bandwidth, repetition frequency locking and stability is realized.
The invention solves the defects existing in the background technology, and has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an optical frequency comb generating device and method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift, and aims to realize an optical frequency comb with low radio frequency driving power, large bandwidth, tunable repetition frequency and low noise.
The invention adopts the principle of cyclic frequency shift, greatly reduces the radio frequency driving power compared with a direct modulation method, and greatly improves the bandwidth of the generated optical frequency comb; the electro-optical intensity modulator is used for realizing bilateral frequency shift, the bandwidth of the optical frequency comb generated by the traditional unilateral frequency shift method is improved by 2 times, the cycle frequency of the optical frequency comb is reduced by half on the premise of generating the same bandwidth, and the accumulated spontaneous radiation noise is greatly reduced; finally, the optical frequency comb with low radio frequency driving power, large bandwidth, tunable repetition frequency and low noise is generated.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical frequency comb generating apparatus based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of example simulation data;
the system comprises a 1-radio frequency signal source, a 2-electro-optical intensity modulator, a 3-optical amplifier, a 4-optical bandpass filter, a 5-adjustable optical delay line, a 6-optical coupler, a 61-port I, a 62-port II, a 63-port III, a 64-port IV, a 7-polarization controller, an 8-laser, a 9-output, an 11-circuit and a 12-optical path.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art, the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them; based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments used by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses an optical frequency comb generating apparatus based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift, which includes an electro-optical intensity modulator 2, an optical amplifier 3, an optical bandpass filter 4, an adjustable optical delay line 5, an optical coupler 6, and a polarization controller 7, which are optically connected in sequence to form a loop structure; the radio frequency signal source 1 is electrically connected with the electro-optical intensity modulator 2; the output ends of the laser 8 and the tunable optical delay line 5 are respectively optically connected with a second port 62 and a first port 61 of the optical coupler 6, a third port 63 of the optical coupler 6 is optically connected with the polarization controller 7, and a fourth port 64 of the optical coupler 6 is an output port of the optical frequency comb.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the DC bias of the electro-optic intensity modulator 2 is set at the minimum operating point, so as to realize the suppression of carrier double-sideband modulation. The electro-optical intensity modulator 2 is a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical intensity modulator or a double-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator, and in the invention, the electro-optical intensity modulator 2 is preferably a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical intensity modulator.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method for bilateral cyclic frequency shift of an optical frequency comb generating device comprises:
step one, realizing bilateral electro-optical frequency shift, wherein the frequency generated by the laser 8 is f0The optical carrier wave enters a loop through an optical coupler 6, a sinusoidal signal with the frequency f generated by a radio frequency signal source 1 is loaded on an electro-optical intensity modulator 2 and passes through the electro-optical intensity modulator 2Then realizing bilateral electro-optical frequency shift, and the frequency of the output optical modulation signal is f0±f；
Step two, optical loss compensation, optical modulation signals pass through an optical amplifier 3 to compensate optical loss of a loop, an optical band-pass filter 4 controls the cycle times, an adjustable optical delay line 5 controls loop delay, and the frequency generated by a laser 8 is f0The optical carrier wave simultaneously enters the optical coupler 6, wherein one part of the optical carrier wave is output, and the other part of the optical carrier wave is transmitted into the polarization controller 7 and then enters the loop again;
step three, stable bilateral electro-optical frequency shift output, after N times of circulation, the frequency of the output optical signal of the optical coupler 6 is
The optical frequency comb with large bilateral bandwidth, repetition frequency locking and stability is realized.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the principle of the optical frequency comb generation method based on bilateral cyclic frequency shift is as follows:
where phi (t) is the phase noise of the laser 8.
Where t represents time, international units are seconds, J is unit imaginary number, n is sideband order generated by electro-optic intensity modulation, and Jn(m) represents an nth order Bessel function.
Since the first order bezier function is much larger in value than the higher order bezier function, equation (1) can be approximated as:
wherein J1(m) represents a positive first-order sideband, J-1(m) represents a negative first order sideband;
the light output by the electro-optical intensity modulator 2 enters the optical field E of the optical coupler 6 through the optical amplifier 3, the optical band-pass filter 4 and the adjustable light delay line 5C 1Is composed of
Where L, G, τ are the loop loss, optical amplifier gain, and loop delay, respectively. Phi (t-tau) is the phase noise of the optical wave of the laser 8 after passing through the loop.
By controlling the adjustable light delay line 5, i.e. the loop delay tau, to meet omega0τ ═ 2p π, ω τ ═ 2q π, where p and q are both positive integers, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier output by the laser 8 and ω is the angular frequency of the rf signal output by the rf signal source. Then (3) can be expressed as:
after the light circulating for one circle in the loop and the optical carrier generated by the laser 8 pass through the optical coupler 6, a part of the light is coupled out, a part of the light enters the loop again, and the coupled-out optical field E of the first circulationout 1Can be expressed as:
coupled-out light field E after N cyclesout NCan be expressed as:
the gain G of the optical amplifier 3 is adjusted so as to satisfy G2/(L.J)1(m)2) Then the optical power I of the k-th spectral line of the optical field in the formula (6)kCan be expressed as:
Eka light field representing the kth spectral line obtained through k cycles; it can be seen from equation (7) that flat comb teeth of equal optical power are obtained. This results in a large bandwidth, relatively flat optical frequency comb with 2N +1 repetition frequencies f.
The relationship between the bandwidth B of the optical bandpass filter 4 and the number of cycles N satisfies: b is 2N · f. Where f is the modulation frequency of the radio frequency signal source.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention:
the laser 8 is in a normal lasing state with an output of 10mW and an optical carrier at a frequency f0 of 193THz (wavelength of about 1550 nm). A radio frequency signal source 1 generates a sinusoidal signal with the frequency f of 10GHz and loads the sinusoidal signal on an electro-optical intensity modulator 2, and the direct current bias of the electro-optical intensity modulator 2 is adjusted to be at the minimum working point; setting the bandwidth B of the optical band-pass filter 4 to be 200 GHz; the gain of the optical amplifier 3 and the adjustable optical delay line 5 are adjusted to meet the conditions; the resulting output spectrum, shown in fig. 2, produces an optical frequency comb with a repetition frequency of 10GHz and a bandwidth of 200 GHz.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a light frequency comb generating device based on bilateral circulation frequency shift which characterized in that: the device comprises a radio frequency signal source (1), an electro-optical intensity modulator (2), an optical amplifier (3), an optical band-pass filter (4), an adjustable light delay line (5), an optical coupler (6), a polarization controller (7) and a laser (8);
the radio frequency signal source (1) is electrically connected with the electro-optical intensity modulator (2);
the electro-optical intensity modulator (2), the optical amplifier (3), the optical bandpass filter (4), the adjustable light delay line (5), the optical coupler (6) and the polarization controller (7) are sequentially optically connected to form a loop structure;
the optical coupler (6) further comprises a group of input ends and output ends, the input ends are optically connected with the laser (8), and the output ends are output ports of the optical frequency comb;
the laser (8) generates an intensity of I0Frequency of f0The optical carrier enters the electro-optical intensity modulator through the optical coupler (6), is modulated by a sinusoidal signal generated by the radio frequency signal source (1), the modulation frequency is f, the modulation coefficient is m, the direct current bias of the electro-optical intensity modulator is arranged on the minimum working point, and the output optical field E of the electro-optical intensity modulatorM 1Expressed as:
where phi (t) is the phase noise of the laser (8);
where t represents time, international units are seconds, J is unit imaginary number, n is sideband order generated by electro-optic intensity modulation, and Jn(m) represents an nth order Bessel function.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the output ends of the laser (8) and the adjustable light delay line (5) are respectively optically connected with a second port (62) and a first port (61) of the optical coupler (6), a third port (63) of the optical coupler (6) is optically connected with the polarization controller (7), and a fourth port (64) of the optical coupler (6) is an output port of the optical frequency comb.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the direct current bias of the electro-optical intensity modulator (2) is arranged at the minimum working point, and the carrier double-sideband modulation is suppressed.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the electro-optical intensity modulator (2) adopts a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical intensity modulator or a double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the gain G of the optical amplifier satisfies a compensation condition: g is 2/(L.J)1(m)2) (ii) a Where m is the modulation factor of the electro-optic intensity modulator, L is the insertion loss of the loop, J1(m) represents the positive first order sideband.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the relation between the bandwidth B of the optical band-pass filter and the cycle number N satisfies the following conditions: b is 2N · f;
where f is the frequency of the radio frequency signal source.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the delay tau generated by the adjustable light delay line meets the condition that: omega0τ ═ 2p π, ω τ ═ 2q π, where p and q are both positive integers, ω0Is the angular frequency of the optical carrier output by the laser, and ω is the angular frequency of the rf signal output by the rf signal source.
8. The method for bilateral cyclic frequency shift of an optical-frequency comb generating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein:
step one, realizing bilateral electro-optical frequency shift, wherein the frequency generated by a laser (8) is f0The optical carrier wave enters a loop through the optical coupler (6), a sinusoidal signal with the frequency f generated by the radio frequency signal source (1) is loaded on the electro-optical intensity modulator (2), the bilateral electro-optical frequency shift is realized after the sinusoidal signal passes through the electro-optical intensity modulator (2), and the output optical modulationThe frequency of the control signal being f0±f；
And step two, optical loss compensation, optical modulation signals pass through an optical amplifier (3) to compensate optical loss of a loop, an optical band-pass filter (4) controls the cycle times, an adjustable optical delay line (5) controls the loop delay, and the frequency generated by the laser (8) is f0The optical carrier wave simultaneously enters an optical coupler (6), wherein one part of the optical carrier wave is output, and the other part of the optical carrier wave is transmitted into a polarization controller (7) and enters a loop again;
and step three, stable bilateral electro-optical frequency shift output is carried out, and after N times of circulation, the frequency of an output optical signal of the optical coupler (6) is
The optical frequency comb with large bilateral bandwidth, repetition frequency locking and stability is realized.
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