CN102610991A - High stability laser frequency locking method and apparatus - Google Patents
High stability laser frequency locking method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN102610991A CN102610991A CN2012100849851A CN201210084985A CN102610991A CN 102610991 A CN102610991 A CN 102610991A CN 2012100849851 A CN2012100849851 A CN 2012100849851A CN 201210084985 A CN201210084985 A CN 201210084985A CN 102610991 A CN102610991 A CN 102610991A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the laser frequency locking technology, particularly high stability laser frequency locking method and apparatus for solving the technical problems that the laser frequency locking method capable of removing the residual amplitude modulation is not existed at present and the laser frequency locking device for removing the residual amplitude modulation is lacked. The high stability laser frequency locking method comprises a PDH frequency locking method, including the modulating process for laser beams and further comprises a residual amplitude modulation suppression method for the modulated laser beams. The high stability laser frequency locking apparatus comprises a PDH frequency locking device and a residual amplitude modulation suppression system. According to the invention, the high stability laser frequency locking method and apparatus are simple in structure, novel in concept and the stability of the laser frequency locking is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laser frequency lock technology, specifically is a kind of high stable laser frequency lock method and device.
Background technology
Nineteen sixties; Plum is graceful on the basis of a series of multi-field researchs has succeeded in developing first laser; Because characteristics such as that laser has is strong relevant, high strength and narrow linewidth are applied to fields such as industry, agricultural, accurate measurement and detection, communication and information processing, medical treatment, military affairs very soon.But the frequency of lasing light emitter is owing to the influence that receives external disturbance and variations in temperature etc. can be drifted about, and this application for laser is very unfavorable, therefore must develop the technology that is used for laser frequency lock.
At present, utilize the external optical chamber mainly to comprise: Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method, low frequency modulations method, spatial mode interference technique, limit mould frequency-offset-lock method etc. as the laser of frequency standard frequency locking technology to the chamber.Wherein based on warbled PDH frequency locking method; Be after through electrooptic modulator (EOM) laser frequency being modulated; Shoot laser is introduced Fabry-Perot chamber (also being called for short the F-P chamber), with the reflected signal in chamber with carry out mixing through the modulation signal after the phase shift and obtain error signal, this error signal has high signal to noise ratio; And can with laser frequency lock in very narrow scope, be to use frequency locking method the most widely at present.The device (as shown in Figure 1) that said PDH frequency locking method is adopted; Comprise laser 1; Laser 1 emitting light path is provided with electrooptic modulator 2; The exit end of electrooptic modulator 2 is provided with incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4, and an exit end of incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4 is provided with Fabry-Perot chamber 5, and another exit end is provided with first photodetector 11; The output that the output of first photodetector 11 is connected with modulation and demodulation system 12 and first electronic servo, 15, the first electronic servos 15 in order is connected with the voltage control port of laser 1; Another output of modulation and demodulation system 12 also is connected with biasing device 14, and the output of said biasing device 14 is connected with the voltage control port of electrooptic modulator 2.During practical implementation, first electronic servo 15, modulation and demodulation system 12, incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4 comprise like lower device (as shown in Figure 4): first electronic servo 15 comprises a low pass filter 20 and a PID controller 21; Modulation and demodulation system 12 includes radio frequency source 16, phase shifter 17 and frequency mixer 19; Incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4 comprise the optical fiber circulator 22 and first fiber coupler 18; The input of said low pass filter 20 is connected with frequency mixer 19 outputs, and the output of low pass filter 20 is connected with a PID controller 21 inputs; The output of the one PID controller 21 is connected with the voltage control port of laser 1; An output of said radio frequency source 16 is connected with the input of phase shifter 17, and the output of phase shifter 17 is connected with an input of frequency mixer 19; The output of first photodetector 11 is connected with the input of frequency mixer 19, and another output of radio frequency source 16 is connected with the input of biasing device 14.First fiber coupler 18 is arranged on an exit end of optical fiber circulator 22; F-P chamber 5 is arranged on the exit end of first fiber coupler 18; First photodetector 11 is arranged on another exit end of optical fiber circulator 22, and the output of first photodetector 11 is connected with another input of frequency mixer 19.The laser of lasing light emitter 1 output gets into electrooptic modulator 2, and the modulation signal that radio frequency source 16 produces certain frequencies is added to the voltage control port of electrooptic modulator 2 after through Bias Tee (device of promptly setovering) 14, and laser frequency is modulated; Laser after the modulation is mapped to F-P chamber 5 after through incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4; The signal of telecommunication is surveyed and be converted into to the reverberation in F-P chamber 5 through optical fiber circulator 22 and first fiber coupler, 18 backs by first photodetector 11 again, and its signal of telecommunication gets into frequency mixer 19; Radio frequency source 16 also produces a modulation signal through phase shifter 17 backs and entering frequency mixer 19; The signal of telecommunication of laser, and is come laser frequency is locked through the voltage control port that a low pass filter 20 and a PID controller 21 feed back to lasing light emitter by demodulation at frequency mixer 19.
Electrooptic modulator can adopt the optical fiber electrooptic modulator, also can adopt the space electrooptic modulator; When adopting the space electrooptic modulator; Because the operating voltage of space electrooptic modulator voltage control port is in the kilovolt magnitude; Therefore before the modulation signal of radio frequency source 16 generation certain frequencies inputs to the space electrooptic modulator through Bias Tee (device of promptly setovering) 14; Need between biasing device 14 and space electrooptic modulator voltage control port, a high-voltage amplifier to be set, modulation signal is amplified to a kilovolt magnitude, to satisfy of the requirement of space electrooptic modulator to operating voltage.
There is crystal electrooptic modulator inside, and laser is modulated in passing the process of crystal, carries the information of required transmission, and outgoing to next optics.
But when laser signal is modulated; Because the polarization direction of incident laser is can not be fully consistent with the modulation direction of electrooptic modulator, polarization mode dispersion and temperature etc. are to the influence of crystal inside refractive index in the electrooptic modulator; Will cause the generation of residual amplitude modulation; Make to occur a direct current biasing that depends on crystal refractive index in the frequency modulation(FM) spectral signal, the synchronous signal line style is twisted.Fig. 3 a is based on the error signal of optical fiber or the acquisition of space electrooptic modulator employing PDH frequency lock device; Can see that from figure there is bigger direct current biasing in error signal, and line style is very asymmetric; This can make laser frequency lock position (among Fig. 3 a shown in the dotted line) be difficult to confirm; And the central point of meeting biased error signal, cause the as easy as rolling off a log losing lock of laser frequency, can not realize the locking that laser frequency is long-time, stable.Based on this, will there be direct current offset in the error signal that we are obtained when utilizing the PDH frequency locking method that laser frequency is locked, instability, and also line style is asymmetric, finally causes laser frequency can not realize locking steady in a long-term.This is very unfavorable for many application scenario and equipment that require laser to have stabilized frequency.Yet still there be not a kind of laser frequency lock method and the relevant apparatus that can eliminate the laser residual amplitude modulation at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention does not have a kind of technical problem that can eliminate the laser frequency lock method of residual amplitude modulation at present for solving; And the technical problem that lacks the laser frequency lock device of eliminating residual amplitude modulation, a kind of high stable laser frequency lock method and device are provided.
High stable laser frequency lock method of the present invention is to adopt following technical scheme to realize: a kind of high stable laser frequency lock method, comprise the PDH frequency locking method, and said PDH frequency locking method comprises the modulated process that laser beam is carried out; Also comprise the residual amplitude modulation inhibition method that laser beam carried out after the modulation; Said residual amplitude modulation inhibition method may further comprise the steps: (a), the laser beam that will comprise residual amplitude modulation resolves into the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundles; (b), respectively the light signal of two bunch polarised lights is converted into the signal of telecommunication; (c), the intensity of the signal of telecommunication of two bunch polarised lights is subtracted each other, obtain a signal of telecommunication of representing two bunch polarised light phase differences; (d), will represent the signal of telecommunication of this phase difference to feed back to the equipment that laser is modulated as error signal, eliminate residual amplitude modulation.
The laser that will contain residual amplitude modulation resolves into the orthogonal two bunch polarised lights of two bundles, can adopt corresponding light-dividing device during decomposition; The orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundles is converted into the signal of telecommunication through light detection device, and this signal of telecommunication includes the phase information of two-beam; The intensity that will include the signal of telecommunication of two-beam phase information is subtracted each other through substracting unit, and to subtract each other the signal of telecommunication that obtains as error signal, feeds back to the equipment that laser is modulated through electronic servo, thereby eliminates residual amplitude modulation.Described light-dividing device, light detection device, substracting unit and electronic servo are existing known technology, and it is available to have multiple structure, and those skilled in the art are easy to realize.
For the frequency modulation(FM) spectrum of a no residual amplitude modulation, what demodulation obtained is the direct current signal that a size only depends on demodulation phase φ, and its expression formula is:
I
FM=I
0J
0(β)J
1(β)e-
2δ0[(δ
-1-δ
1)sinφ+(φ
1+φ
-1-2φ
0)cosφ]（1）
Because the introducing of electrooptic modulator will cause the generation of residual amplitude modulation; Therefore in the signal that demodulation obtains except comprising no residual amplitude modulation item; Also have the item that depends on two polarization direction phase differences in the crystal, its expression formula is: I=-2e-
2 δ 0J
1E
0 oE
0 eSin2 θ sin Δ φ cos φ (2)
Δ φ=φ wherein
o-φ
e-φ
LfBe the phase difference of two polarization directions, φ
LfThe phase difference that causes for electrooptic modulator voltage control port voltage signal just can change the refractive index of crystals through the size that changes electrooptic modulator voltage port voltage signal, and then to make (2) formula be zero, reaches the purpose of inhibition residual amplitude modulation.Concretely; Laser its electric vector in communication process can be decomposed into two orthogonal vectors; During through electrooptic modulator; The inner crystal of electrooptic modulator can make two electric vector generation phase differences of laser, makes that the laser polarization state after the outgoing changes, and does not meet the requirement to outgoing beam.Eliminate this residual amplitude modulation, must obtain the phase difference of this residual amplitude modulation
Lf, and feed back to as error signal on the electrooptic modulator that produces this phase difference with this phase difference, through regulating the voltage control port voltage of electrooptic modulator, thereby suppress the residual amplitude modulation of shoot laser.
A kind of high stable laser frequency lock device; Comprise the PDH frequency lock device of realizing the PDH frequency locking method; Said PDH frequency lock device comprises laser, and the laser emitting light path is provided with electrooptic modulator, and the electrooptic modulator exit end is provided with incident light and reverberation piece-rate system; Also comprise the biasing device, the output of said biasing device is connected with the voltage control port of electrooptic modulator; Comprise that also residual amplitude modulation suppresses system; Said residual amplitude modulation inhibition system comprises the fiber optic splitter on the light path that is arranged between electrooptic modulator and incident light and the reverberation piece-rate system; Said incident light and reverberation piece-rate system are arranged on the emitting light path of fiber optic splitter; Another emitting light path of fiber optic splitter is provided with quarter-wave plate; The quarter-wave plate emitting light path is provided with polarization beam splitter prism; The reflected light path of polarization beam splitter prism is provided with second photodetector, and the transmitted light path of polarization beam splitter prism is provided with the 3rd photodetector; The output of said second photodetector and the 3rd photodetector is connected with subtracter, and the subtracter output is connected with second electronic servo; The said second electronic servo output is connected with the input of biasing device.This device has adopted residual amplitude modulation inhibition method again on the basis of having adopted the PDH frequency locking method, said PDH frequency locking method is realized through PDH frequency lock device; Said residual amplitude modulation inhibition method realizes through residual amplitude modulation inhibition system.This device has carried out further processing to the laser beam that has residual amplitude modulation; Its course of work is following: the shoot laser that has residual amplitude modulation incides quarter-wave plate through fiber optic splitter; Laser after the quarter-wave plate outgoing can be regarded as the stack of the opposite circularly polarized light of two spin directions; Through behind the polarization beam splitter prism, be broken down into vertically two bunch polarised lights with along continuous straight runs; Two bunch polarised lights are respectively through behind first photodetector and second photodetector; Be converted into the signal of telecommunication that comprises two bunch polarised light phase informations; The electrical signal intensity of two bunch polarised lights inputs to subtracter; Subtract each other the signal of telecommunication that obtains to comprise two linearly polarized light phase informations through subtracter, this phase difference is error signal; After handling through electronic servo, error signal feeds back to the input of electrooptic modulator through the biasing device; Regulate the voltage of the voltage control port of electrooptic modulator; Two orthogonal electric vector phase difference φ that make shoot laser are zero, and the residual amplitude modulation of shoot laser is eliminated.
The present invention is decomposed into the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundles through the laser that will have residual amplitude modulation, and then obtains the phase information of two bundle polarised lights, has eliminated the residual amplitude modulation of outgoing beam; The residual amplitude modulation inhibition system that is adopted has solved the problem of the residual amplitude modulation that exists in the PDH frequency locking method of laser through simple optics, and is simple in structure, is skillfully constructed, and effectively improved the stability of laser frequency lock.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 apparatus structure sketch map according to the invention.
Fig. 2 residual amplitude modulation according to the invention suppresses the compliance test result figure of method and system.Figure a is that the frequency of function generator output is 10Hz, and amplitude is the sine wave signal of 5V, and this signal is imported into the voltage control port of optical fiber or space electrooptic modulator; Figure b is the signal that obtains from the subtracter output after the use residual amplitude modulation inhibition of the present invention system.
Fig. 3 uses residual amplitude modulation according to the invention to suppress the error signal that the system front and back are obtained.Figure a is the error signal that obtains when not using residual amplitude modulation to suppress system, and figure b is for using the error signal that obtains after the residual amplitude modulation inhibition system.
The structural representation of Fig. 4 apparatus of the present invention when concrete the application.
Fig. 5 adopts the checking result of device according to the invention back to the frequency lock performance.
The 1-laser, 2-electrooptic modulator, 3-fiber optic splitter, 4-incident light and reverberation piece-rate system, 5-F-P chamber; The 6-quarter-wave plate, 7-polarization beam splitter prism, 8-second photodetector, 9-the 3rd photodetector, 10-subtracter; 11-first photodetector, 12-modulation and demodulation system, 13-second electronic servo, the 14-device of setovering, 15-first electronic servo; The 16-radio frequency source, 17-phase shifter, 18-first fiber coupler, 19-frequency mixer; The 20-low pass filter, 21-the one PID controller, 22-optical fiber circulator, 23-second fiber coupler.
Embodiment
A kind of high stable laser frequency lock device; Comprise the PDH frequency lock device of realizing the PDH frequency locking method; Said PDH frequency lock device comprises laser 1, and laser 1 emitting light path is provided with electrooptic modulator 2, and electrooptic modulator 2 exit ends are provided with incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4; Also comprise biasing device 14, the output of said biasing device 14 is connected with the voltage control port of electrooptic modulator 2; Comprise that also residual amplitude modulation suppresses system; Said residual amplitude modulation inhibition system comprises the fiber optic splitter 3 on the light path that is arranged between electrooptic modulator 2 and incident light and the reverberation piece-rate system 4; Said incident light and reverberation piece-rate system 4 are arranged on the emitting light path of fiber optic splitter 3; Fiber optic splitter 3 another emitting light paths are provided with quarter-wave plate 6; Quarter-wave plate 6 emitting light paths are provided with polarization beam splitter prism 7; The reflected light path of polarization beam splitter prism 7 is provided with second photodetector 8, and the transmitted light path of polarization beam splitter prism 7 is provided with the 3rd photodetector 9; The output of said second photodetector 8 and the 3rd photodetector 9 is connected with subtracter 10, and subtracter 10 outputs are connected with second electronic servo 13; Said second electronic servo, 13 outputs are connected with the input of biasing device 14.Second electronic servo 13 adopts the 2nd PID controller.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing application of the present invention is further described.At first residual amplitude modulation inhibition of the present invention system is verified.Before light beam gets into F-P chamber 5, tell a part and come its polarization state is detected, then detected phase signal is fed back to the generation that optical fiber or space electrooptic modulator 2 suppress residual amplitude modulation.For scheme is verified, importing a frequency at the voltage control port of optical fiber or space electrooptic modulator is 10Hz, and amplitude is the sine wave signal of 5V, shown in Fig. 2 a; Through obtaining the signal shown in Fig. 2 b at the subtracter output after the residual amplitude modulation inhibition system, consistent with result of theoretic analysis, explain that this method and device have feasibility.
During concrete the application, laser 1 adopts the single mode fiber laser of 1531nm, will inject quarter-wave plate 6 through the beam of laser of fiber optic splitter 3 outgoing through second fiber coupler 23; F-P chamber 5 is that two concave mirrors of 100mm are formed by radius of curvature; The laser of laser 1 output incides optical fiber or space electrooptic modulator 2; The modulation signal of the 384MHz that radio frequency source 16 produces is added to the dc-500MHz voltage control port of optical fiber or space electrooptic modulator 2 after through biasing device 14; Laser frequency is modulated; Laser after the modulation is divided into two bundles after through fiber optic splitter 3; Wherein a branch of light is by fiber coupler 23 outputs; Through the Polarization Detection system that is made up of quarter-wave plate 6 and polarization beam splitter prism 7, two linearly polarized lights of 8,9 pairs of polarization beam splitter prism 7 outgoing of second, third photodetector of usefulness are surveyed respectively, and the light signal of two linearly polarized lights is converted into the signal of telecommunication; The electrical signal intensity that to represent two-beam afterwards obtains an error signal of representing two bunch polarised light phase informations after subtracting each other through subtracter 10; The dc-500MHz voltage control port that this error signal feeds back to optical fiber or space electrooptic modulator 2 through the 2nd PID controller 13 back through biasing device 14 residual amplitude modulation that produces in the blanketing frequency modulated process, is depicted as the error signal that after suppressing through residual amplitude modulation inhibition system, obtains like Fig. 3 b, can find out; Error signal after curbing residual amplitude modulation is very desirable; Eliminated direct current biasing, and line style is very symmetrical, the position of frequency lock is arranged in error signal central point (shown in Fig. 3 b dotted line) basically.The error signal that obtains is input to a PID controller 21 after through low pass filter 20 filtering; Parameter to a PID controller 21 is provided with; Make the error signal optimization, the voltage control port that feeds back to laser 1 at last carries out laser frequency lock.After Fig. 5 is employing residual amplitude modulation inhibition of the present invention system, to the checking result of native system frequency lock performance.The a curve is that the result that residual amplitude modulation suppresses the locking of system time frequency rate be not set among the figure; Can find out in incipient 2000s; Laser frequency is highly stable, and in the later influence owing to residual amplitude modulation of 2000s, drift has taken place in the position of frequency lock; The transmission peaks amplitude in F-P chamber reduces gradually, finally causes the laser frequency losing lock later at 6400s.The b curve is to be provided with the residual amplitude modulation inhibition later laser frequency lock result of system, can to find out that laser frequency has realized locking steady in a long-term, proving that the present invention has very high practical value.
Claims (3)
1. a high stable laser frequency lock method comprises the PDH frequency locking method, and said PDH frequency locking method comprises the modulated process that laser beam is carried out; It is characterized in that also comprising the residual amplitude modulation inhibition method that laser beam carried out to after the modulation; Said residual amplitude modulation inhibition method may further comprise the steps: (a), the laser beam that will comprise residual amplitude modulation resolves into the orthogonal linearly polarized light of two bundles; (b), respectively the light signal of two bunch polarised lights is converted into the signal of telecommunication; (c), the intensity of the signal of telecommunication of two bunch polarised lights is subtracted each other, obtain a signal of telecommunication of representing two bunch polarised light phase differences; (d), will represent the signal of telecommunication of this phase difference to feed back to the equipment that laser is modulated as error signal, eliminate residual amplitude modulation.
2. high stable laser frequency lock device; Comprise the PDH frequency lock device of realizing the PDH frequency locking method; Said PDH frequency lock device comprises laser (1); Laser (1) emitting light path is provided with electrooptic modulator (2), and electrooptic modulator (2) exit end is provided with incident light and reverberation piece-rate system (4); Also comprise biasing device (14), the output of said biasing device (14) is connected with the voltage control port of electrooptic modulator (2); It is characterized in that, comprise that also residual amplitude modulation suppresses system; Said residual amplitude modulation inhibition system comprises the fiber optic splitter (3) on the light path that is arranged between electrooptic modulator (2) and incident light and the reverberation piece-rate system (4); Said incident light and reverberation piece-rate system (4) are arranged on the emitting light path of fiber optic splitter (3); Another emitting light path of fiber optic splitter (3) is provided with quarter-wave plate (6); Quarter-wave plate (6) emitting light path is provided with polarization beam splitter prism (7); The reflected light path of polarization beam splitter prism (7) is provided with second photodetector (8), and the transmitted light path of polarization beam splitter prism (7) is provided with the 3rd photodetector (9); Said second photodetector (8) is connected with subtracter (10) with the output of the 3rd photodetector (9), and subtracter (10) output is connected with second electronic servo (13); Said second electronic servo (13) output is connected with the input of biasing device (14).
3. high stable laser frequency lock device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said second electronic servo (13) adopts the 2nd PID controller.
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| CN103730828A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-04-16 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Double electro-optic phase modulator crystal based residual amplitude modulation active control system |
| CN104409960B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-08-11 | 山西大学 | A kind of automatic laser frequency regulator and method |
| CN104409960A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-11 | 山西大学 | Automatic laser frequency stabilizing device and method |
| CN104795724A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-07-22 | 西安石油大学 | Pound-Drever-Hall digital laser frequency stabilizing system with multi-phase filtering structure |
| CN104795724B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-03-09 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of Pound-Drever-Hall digital laser frequency stabilization system of multiphase filter structure |
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| CN113178773A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-27 | 山西大学 | Method for dynamically controlling feedback phase in optical feedback lock cavity technology |
| CN113178773B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2024-05-24 | 山西大学 | Method for dynamically controlling feedback phase in optical feedback locking cavity technology |
| CN113394652A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 西安纳飞光电科技有限公司 | Broadband large-range locking method and system for optical frequency comb repetition frequency |
| CN115663586A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-31 | 济南量子技术研究院 | Superstable laser high-precision error signal extraction system and method |
| CN115663586B (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-04-11 | 济南量子技术研究院 | Superstable laser high-precision error signal extraction system and method |
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