CN111193089B - + 45/45 phase-shifting lumped element power divider with controllable transmission zero - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a + 45-degree phase shift lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero point and a design method thereof. The invention provides four new power dividers based on +/-45-degree lumped element power dividers. The three ports of the power divider have good port impedance matching, and the first signal output port and the second signal output port have equal amplitude and phase and are isolated from each other. The output port of the power divider is 45 (or-45) out of phase with the signal input port at the center operating frequency, which is significantly different from a classical wilkinson power divider (90). Furthermore, the power divider provided by the invention can generate a transmission zero at a specified frequency, and can effectively filter harmonic waves or strong stray signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circuit topology structure of a miniaturized power divider/synthesizer with 45-degree or-45-degree phase delay and a design method thereof, which is characterized in that a power divider has a common transmission zero point (stop band) at a designated frequency point. The invention belongs to the field of microwave technology research.
Background
The power divider/combiner is one of the basic components of a microwave circuit, and has the function of dividing the power of an input signal into several equal or unequal power signals which are isolated from each other, or conversely, combining several signals into one signal. Therefore, the power divider is widely applied to circuits and systems such as power amplification and synthesis, signal testing, quadrature mixing demodulation and the like. The power divider has various forms, such as a coupler (including various coupling modes such as a branch line, a microstrip mixed ring, a parallel line and a Lange line), a Wilkinson (Wilkinson) form and the like; the realization method can be divided into waveguide type, coaxial line type, strip line type, microstrip line type, etc. In addition, the two power dividing ports can be divided into different types of power dividers with phase differences of 0 degrees, 90 degrees and 180 degrees according to the relative phase difference of the two power dividing ports. The two paths of Wilkinson power dividers with the phase difference of 0 degree have the advantages of small insertion loss, good amplitude and phase consistency of each output branch, excellent isolation and the like, and are one of the most used power divider topological structures. A standard wilkinson power divider generally consists of two quarter-wavelength transmission lines at the center frequency of operation, and an isolation resistor with a resistance of twice the port impedance. In order to reduce the overall size of the circuit, wilkinson power dividers using lumped element designs also appear at radio frequencies. A typical lumped element wilkinson power divider generally requires 3 capacitors, 2 inductors and an isolation resistor, for a total of 6 elements. Patent application documents CN109216852A and CN109873618A respectively provide "a lumped element power divider with 45 ° phase shift" and "a high-power lumped element power divider with-45 ° phase delay", which only use 5 lumped elements to realize the full functions of the classical lumped element wilkinson power divider and have a larger operating bandwidth than the classical lumped element wilkinson power divider (see fig. 1 for a basic circuit structure). The lumped element used in practice can adopt a lumped element circuit form realized by adopting commercial devices such as a chip packaged inductor, a capacitor and a resistor or adopting processes such as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, a thin film printed circuit, a thick film printed circuit, low-temperature co-fired ceramic and the like.
For balanced power amplifiers and applications with high requirements on electromagnetic compatibility, harmonics and strong spurious interference signals have a significant impact on the performance of the system. If the strongest harmonic, or spurious frequency, signal is suppressed, the linearity of the amplifier module is significantly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel power divider based on a +/-45-degree lumped element power divider.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a +45 ° phase shift lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero, wherein the phase difference between the signal input port of the +45 ° phase shift lumped element power divider and the signal output port one or the signal output port two is 45 °, the signal output port one and the signal output port two adopt a symmetric structure, have equal amplitude and phase, and are isolated from each other, and the present invention is characterized in that the circuit structure of the +45 ° phase shift lumped element power divider has an inductance L, which is formed by connecting the signal input port in series to the ground1And a capacitor C1And the inductance L from the signal input port to the signal output port I and the signal output port II respectively2And a parallel resistor R between the first signal output port and the second signal output port1And a capacitor C3Or a series resistance R2And a capacitor C4And (4) forming.
Preferably, a transmission line structure with an electrical length of an integral multiple of a wavelength can be inserted into the circuit structure, and the performance of the power divider is not changed.
Preferably, the capacitor, the inductor and the resistor are packaged by lead wire direct insertion or chip mounting, or the capacitor and the inductor are equivalent capacitors and inductors equivalent to high/low impedance transmission lines.
Preferably, the circuit structure is realized by adopting a PCB (printed Circuit Board) circuit process, or a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, a thin film printed circuit, a thick film printed circuit, or a low temperature co-fired ceramic process.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for designing the +45 ° phase-shifting lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the circuit structure is built, and the element parameter values in the circuit structure are calculated by the following formulas (1) to (6):
C1＝|1-(ω0/ω1)2|/(Zsω0) (1)
L2＝ Zs/ω0 (3)
C3＝C4/2 (4)
R1＝2Zs (5)
R2＝Zs (6)
in the formulae (1) to (6), ω0Is the angular frequency value, omega, corresponding to the working center frequency1Is the value of the angular frequency corresponding to the transmission zero, the designated transmission zero frequency being higher than the central operating frequency, ZsIs the power divider port impedance.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a-45 ° phase-shifting lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero, wherein a phase difference between a signal input port of the-45 ° phase-shifting lumped element power divider and a signal output port one or a signal output port two is-45 °, the signal output port one and the signal output port two adopt a symmetric structure, have equal amplitude and phase, and are isolated from each other, characterized in that,the circuit structure of the-45-degree phase-shift lumped element power divider is characterized in that an inductor L is connected in series from a signal input port to the ground1And a capacitor C1And the capacitor C from the signal input port to the signal output port I and the signal output port II respectively2And a parallel resistor R between the first signal output port and the second signal output port1And an inductance L3Or a series resistance R2And an inductance L4Composition of
Preferably, a transmission line structure having an electrical length of an integral multiple of a wavelength may be inserted into the circuit structure.
Preferably, the capacitor, the inductor and the resistor are packaged by lead wire direct insertion or chip mounting, or the capacitor and the inductor are equivalent capacitors and inductors equivalent to high/low impedance transmission lines.
Preferably, the circuit structure is realized by adopting a PCB (printed Circuit Board) circuit process, or a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, a thin film printed circuit, a thick film printed circuit, or a low temperature co-fired ceramic process.
Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for designing the above-mentioned-45 ° phase-shifting lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the circuit structure is built, and the element parameter values in the circuit structure are calculated by the following formulas (1), (2) and (5) to (7):
C1＝|1-(ω0/ω1)2|/(Zsω0) (1)
R1＝2Zs (5)
R2＝Zs (6)
L3＝2L4 (7)
in the formulae (1) and (2) and the formulae (5) to (7), ω0Is the angular frequency value, omega, corresponding to the working center frequency1Corresponding to transmission zeroAngular frequency value, assigned transmission zero frequency lower than central operating frequency, ZsIs the power divider port impedance.
The invention provides four new power dividers based on +/-45-degree lumped element power dividers. The three ports of the power divider have good port impedance matching, and the first signal output port and the second signal output port have equal amplitude and phase and are isolated from each other. The output port of the power divider is 45 (or-45) out of phase with the signal input port at the center operating frequency, which is significantly different from a classical wilkinson power divider (90). Furthermore, the power divider provided by the invention can generate a transmission zero at a specified frequency, and can effectively filter harmonic waves or strong stray signals.
Specifically, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the 45 degree (-45 degree) phase shift lumped element power divider provided by the invention consists of 6 components, and the number of the components is the same as that of circuit components of a classical lumped element Wilkinson power divider. The lumped element power divider circuit can realize the function of controllable transmission zero and has the structure with the least number of elements.
(2) The topological structure of the 45-degree phase-shift power divider provided by the invention still has the following excellent quality similar to that of a Wilkinson power divider: in the working frequency band, the three ports have good port impedance matching performance; the two output ports have equal amplitude and phase and are isolated from each other.
(3) The invention provides four different forms of circuit topological structures, which can be selected conveniently according to specific circuit layout.
(4) For the design of the power divider needing the transmission zero point higher than the working center frequency, the design can be realized by adopting two structural forms of a + 45-degree phase-shift lumped element power divider; for the design of the power divider needing the transmission zero point lower than the working center frequency, the design can be realized by adopting two structural forms of-45-degree phase-shifting lumped element power dividers.
(5) According to typical circuit simulation results, compared with a classical Wilkinson lumped element power divider operating at the same center frequency, the invention has similar bandwidth performance or 1.5 times of effective operating bandwidth (for two structures of-45 DEG phase-shift lumped element power divider).
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) and 1(b) are schematic and structural block diagrams of two 45 ° lumped element power dividers;
fig. 2(a) and 2(b) are schematic and structural block diagrams of a +45 ° phase-shifting lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero;
FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic and block diagrams of a-45 ° phase-shifted lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero;
fig. 4(a) to 4(e) are scattering parameter comparisons between a classical lumped element wilkinson power divider with a central operating frequency of 1.0GHz and four lumped element power dividers proposed by the present invention, wherein: fig. 4(a) is the amplitude of the input port 1 to output port (2 or 3) transmission coefficient; fig. 4(b) is a phase of a transmission coefficient from the input port 1 to the output port (2 or 3); fig. 4(c) is the amplitude of the reflection coefficient of the input port 1; FIG. 4(d) is the amplitude of the output port (2 or 3) reflection coefficient; fig. 4(e) shows the magnitude of the isolation between the two output ports.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Example 1
Fig. 2(a) and 2(b) show a basic structure form of the lumped element power divider according to this embodiment, in which the phase difference between the signal input port 1 and the output port 2 or the output port 3 is 45 °. The two output ports 2 and 3 adopt a symmetrical structure, have equal amplitude and phase and are isolated from each other. The structure of the power divider circuit is that an input port 1 is connected with an inductor L to the ground in series1And a capacitor C1The inductance L from the input port 1 to the output port 2 and the output port 3, respectively2And a parallel resistor R between the output port 2 and the output port 31And a capacitor C3Or a series resistance R2And a capacitor C4And (4) forming.
Example 2
Another basic structure form disclosed in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), in the lumped element power divider proposed in this embodiment, the phase difference between the signal input port 1 and the output port 2 or the output port 3 is-45 °. The two output ports 2 and 3 adopt a symmetrical structure, have equal amplitude and phase and are isolated from each other. The structure of the power divider circuit is that an input port 1 is connected with an inductor L to the ground in series1And a capacitor C1Input port 1 to output port 2 and output port 3, respectively2And a parallel resistor R between the output port 2 and the output port 31And a capacitance L3Or a series resistance R2And a capacitance L4And (4) forming.
The element parameter values in examples 1 and 2 were calculated from the following formulas (1) to (10):
C1＝|1-(ω0/ω1)2|/(Zsω0) (1)
C2＝1/(Zsω0) (3)
L2＝Zs/ω0 (4)
C3＝C2/2 (5)
L4＝2L2 (6)
C4＝C2 (7)
L4＝L2 (8)
R1＝2Zs (9)
R2＝Zs (10)
wherein, ω is0Is the angular frequency value, omega, corresponding to the working center frequency1Is a transmissionThe angular frequency value corresponding to the zero point. In addition, it is worth pointing out: for both configurations disclosed in example 1, the specified transmission zero frequency needs to be higher than the center operating frequency; for both configurations disclosed in example 2, the specified transmission zero frequency needs to be lower than the operating center frequency.
The power divider designed according to equations (1) - (10) has perfect power distribution, impedance matching and isolation characteristics between output ports at the center operating frequency. The performance of the power divider becomes increasingly worse the further away from the center frequency. Therefore, for practical power divider usage, it is necessary to define an effective operating band. According to theoretical analysis and actual measurement results, among scattering parameters of the power divider, the reflection coefficient S of the signal input port 1 is generally used11Most susceptible to frequency. Therefore, the present invention uses | S11|<And the frequency band range of 15dB is used as the working bandwidth of the power divider. Within this operating band, the theoretical value of the in-band fluctuation of the transmission coefficient of the input signal to the two output ports is less than 0.15 dB. Taking the design result of the power divider with the center frequency of 1GHz given in the following text as an example, the lumped element power divider adopting the two structural designs of the embodiment 1 has a percentage working bandwidth of 29.9%, and slightly lower than the working bandwidth of the classical lumped element wilkinson power divider (31.2%); the lumped element power divider adopting the two structural designs of the embodiment 2 has the percentage working bandwidth of 45.8 percent, which is 1.5 times of the working bandwidth of the classical lumped element Wilkinson power divider.
In addition, although the invention proposes a power divider using lumped element design, if a transmission line structure with an electrical length of an integral multiple of a wavelength is inserted at any position in the circuit structure, the circuit performance will not be substantially affected. In practical designs, this may also be used to facilitate circuit implementation.
An equipower divider with a central working frequency of 1.0GHz and frequencies at a transmission zero point of 1.5GHz (for the two structures disclosed in embodiment 1) and 0.5GHz (for the two structures disclosed in embodiment 2) and a port impedance of 50 ohms is taken as a design target, and a simulation result of ADS software of germany is taken as a verification tool. The software has been proved to have sufficient effectiveness and accuracy by a large number of practical microwave engineering results in the field of microwave circuits. In addition, the operating frequency and component parameter values given in this example are provided only as exemplary references for illustrating the detailed implementation and results of this patent, and are not limiting of its structural form and operating frequency. The specific component parameter values of the classical lumped element wilkinson power divider and the four lumped element power dividers proposed in this patent can be shown in table 1 below, and fig. 4(a) to 4(e) show the microwave characteristics (scattering parameters) of these five power dividers.
As can be seen from fig. 4(a) to 4(e), the two structures disclosed in example 1 have the same power transmission characteristics and port impedance matching and isolation characteristics with similar performance, and have a theoretically predicted 45 ° phase at a center frequency of 1.0 GHz. Under the influence of a transmission zero point at 1.5GHz, the power divider with the two structures has the percentage working bandwidth of 29.9% and slightly lower the working bandwidth (31.2%) of the classical lumped element Wilkinson power divider. The two structures disclosed in example 2 have the same power transfer characteristics and similar performance port impedance matching and isolation characteristics, with a theoretically predicted-45 ° phase at a center frequency of 1.0 GHz. The power divider with two structures disclosed in the embodiment 2 has the percentage working bandwidth of 29.9% which is 1.5 times of the working bandwidth of the classical lumped element Wilkinson power divider.
TABLE 1 four lumped element power divider parameter values with central working frequency of 1GHz
| C1(pF) | L1(nH) | C2(pF) | L2(nH) | C3(pF) | L3(nH) | C4(pF) | L4(nH) | R1(Ω) | R2(Ω) | |
| Wilkinson | 4.50 | 11.3 | 2.25 | 100 | ||||||
| Structure (a) | 1.77 | 6.37 | 7.96 | 1.59 | 100 | |||||
| Structure (b) | 1.77 | 6.37 | 7.96 | 3.18 | 50 | |||||
| Structure (c) | 9.55 | 10.6 | 3.18 | 15.9 | 100 | |||||
| Structure (d) | 9.55 | 10.6 | 3.18 | 7.96 | 50 |
Claims (8)
1. A method for designing a +45 ° phase-shifted lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero, comprising the steps of:
the method is characterized in that the circuit structure of the + 45-degree phase-shift lumped element power divider is characterized in that an inductor L is connected to the ground in series from the signal input port to the circuit structure of the + 45-degree phase-shift lumped element power divider1And a capacitor C1And the inductance L from the signal input port to the signal output port I and the signal output port II respectively2And a parallel resistor R between the first signal output port and the second signal output port1And a capacitor C3Or a series resistance R2And a capacitor C4The composition adopts the following design method:
the element parameter values in the circuit structure are calculated by equations (1) to (6):
C1＝|1-(ω0/ω1)2|/(Zsω0) (1)
L2＝Zs/ω0 (3)
C3＝C4/2 (4)
R1＝2Zs (5)
R2＝Zs (6)
in the formulae (1) to (6), ω0Is the angular frequency value, omega, corresponding to the working center frequency1Is the value of the angular frequency corresponding to the transmission zero, the designated transmission zero frequency being higher than the central operating frequency, ZsIs the power divider port impedance.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein transmission line structures having electrical lengths that are integer multiples of a wavelength can be inserted into said circuit structure.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the capacitors, inductors and resistors are packaged by lead-in or chip, or the capacitors and inductors are equivalent capacitors and inductors equivalent to high/low impedance transmission lines.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuit structure is implemented by using a PCB circuit process, a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, a thin film printed circuit, a thick film printed circuit, or a low temperature co-fired ceramic process.
5. A method of designing a-45 ° phase-shifted lumped element power divider with a controllable transmission zero, comprising the steps of:
a circuit structure is built, the phase difference between a signal input port of the-45 DEG phase-shifting lumped element power divider and a signal output port I or a signal output port II is-45 DEG, the signal output port I and the signal output port II adopt a symmetrical structure, have equal amplitude and phase and are mutually isolated, and the circuit structure is characterized in that an inductor L from the signal input port to the ground is connected in series in the circuit structure of the-45 DEG phase-shifting lumped element power divider1And a capacitor C1And the capacitor C from the signal input port to the signal output port I and the signal output port II respectively2And a parallel resistor R between the first signal output port and the second signal output port1And an inductance L3Or a series resistance R2And an inductance L4Composition is carried out;
the element parameter values in the circuit structure are calculated by the following equations (1), (2) and (5) to (7):
C1＝|1-(ω0/ω1)2|/(Zsω0) (1)
R1＝2Zs (5)
R2＝Zs (6)
L3＝2L4 (7)
in the formulae (1) and (2) and the formulae (5) to (7), ω0Is the angular frequency value, omega, corresponding to the working center frequency1Is the angular frequency value corresponding to the transmission zero, the designated transmission zero frequency being lower than the central operating frequency, ZsIs the power divider port impedance.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein transmission line structures having electrical lengths that are integer multiples of a wavelength can be inserted into the circuit structure.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the capacitors, inductors and resistors are packaged by lead-in or chip, or the capacitors and inductors are equivalent capacitors and inductors equivalent to high/low impedance transmission lines.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the circuit structure is implemented by using PCB circuit technology, monolithic microwave integrated circuit, thin film printed circuit, thick film printed circuit, or low temperature co-fired ceramic technology.
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| KR102473103B1 (en) | 2020-11-16 | 2022-12-01 | 국방과학연구소 | Ultrahigh frequency power combiner and divider compensating parasitic parameters |
| CN112886175B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-03-04 | 上海科技大学 | Lumped element unequal power divider and design method |
| CN113114153A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-13 | 成都通量科技有限公司 | Broadband high-isolation power divider chip |
| CN116014401B (en) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-11-14 | 苏州华太电子技术股份有限公司 | Improved Wilkinson power divider and Doherty amplifier |
| CN117353260A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2024-01-05 | 深圳市恒运昌真空技术有限公司 | Energy overshoot suppression circuit based on balanced power amplifier and control method thereof |
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