CN111187915A

CN111187915A - Rare and precious metal separation device and method

Info

Publication number: CN111187915A
Application number: CN202010261903.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周俊
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-04-05
Filing date: 2020-04-05
Publication date: 2020-05-22

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for separating and extracting rare and precious metals by multiple fields (gravity field, electric field, magnetic field and the like). The device and the method mainly adopt a mechanical separation mode, and the proper auxiliary chemical method enables the rare and precious metals extracted in a split manner to be cleaner, so that the energy consumption and the pollution are reduced to the maximum extent.

Description

Rare and precious metal separation device and method

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to metal separation devices and methods, and particularly to a device and a method for separating rare and noble metals.

Background

With the current technological progress, the upgrading speed of various high-tech products, especially electronic products, is faster and faster, and the core components of the products, such as circuit boards, often contain some parts prepared from rare metals and precious metal elements, so that the recycling of the products has great value. One of the difficulties in recycling these electronic waste products is how to separate and extract rare and precious metals from them, which is commonly used in the prior art by a metallurgy recycling method, an electrochemical recycling method and the like, and these methods not only have high energy consumption, high cost and improper treatment, but also can cause secondary environmental pollution; in order to reduce pollution and reduce cost, the mechanical and physical separation and extraction of metals are more and more concerned, among them, beijing university of science and technology has invented a technology (publication number CN 106702164 a, publication number is 2017, 5, 24, and 2017) for separating metals by using supergravity, which is used for extracting tin, lead, aluminum, zinc, and copper metals from electronic garbage to achieve the purpose of resource recycling.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for separating and extracting rare and precious metals by multiple fields (gravity field, electric field, magnetic field and the like). The device and the method mainly adopt a mechanical separation mode, and the proper auxiliary chemical method enables the rare and precious metals extracted in a split manner to be cleaner, so that the energy consumption and the pollution are reduced to the maximum extent. The method comprises the following steps:

in a first step, a workstation is established. The method comprises the steps of setting a factory building and debugging equipment, wherein the factory building is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the factory site is selected from a suburb or an industrial area far away from a city center in principle.

And secondly, preparing raw materials. The waste mobile phone or the computer is collected, the circuit board is obtained by disassembling, and the circuit board is crushed by a crusher, so that the particle size of the circuit board is less than 3mm, preferably less than 1 um.

And thirdly, treating raw materials. The raw materials are cleaned and fluxing agents are added.

And fourthly, feeding. And (4) feeding the raw materials subjected to primary treatment into a hopper, and feeding the raw materials into a melting chamber for high-temperature melting.

And fifthly, heating and melting. An appropriate temperature is set for the metal to be separated by extraction based on the melting point temperature of the rare and noble metal to be separated.

And sixthly, separating multiple fields. And starting the centrifuge, opening an electric field, setting proper rotating speed and voltage according to the characteristics of the metal to be extracted and separated, and ensuring that the separated metal falls into a preset track and flows into a collecting die.

And step seven, turning off the power supply. And opening the upper cover of the centrifuge, hanging away the solid residues, taking the collecting mold, and obtaining the extracted metal.

The invention also comprises that in the second step, after the circuit board is crushed into particles, organic solvent or chemical reagent is added for stirring and cleaning, part of impurities are primarily separated out and then are sent into a particle screw feeding box body or a hopper; in the melting process, melting the metal, evaporating a part of impurities into gas at high temperature, feeding the gas into a gas purification furnace for heat recovery, purifying, collecting and feeding the gas into a polluted gas treatment plant, or feeding the gas into mountain underground loess of less than 100 meters in a remote mountain area through a special pipeline for landfill, performing biological purification, planting vegetation with a decomposition function and a detection function on the surface of the mountain, and performing natural degradation treatment and environmental detection; and (4) sending the residual solid waste into a waste garbage plant or a deep mountain old forest for landfill or sending the residual solid waste to the project part of an artificial island for artificial sea reclamation.

The equipment mainly comprises feeding equipment, a high-temperature smelting furnace, a gas purification furnace, a multi-field centrifuge and the like, wherein the multi-field centrifuge comprises a rotary furnace and an electrode plate, the feeding equipment is connected with the high-temperature smelting furnace, and an outlet of the high-temperature smelting furnace is connected with the rotary furnace; the feeding equipment, the high-temperature smelting furnace and the gas purifying furnace are arranged on two layers, the multi-field centrifugal machine is arranged on one layer, and the multi-field centrifugal machine can generate an electric field and a gravity field. The rotary furnace includes upper cover and lower cover, lock through the connecting piece between upper cover and the lower cover, form the regular hexagon cross-section, can close or open, wherein be provided with the plate electrode of erectting in the both sides of rotary furnace, the rotary furnace lower part passes through the output shaft of transmission shaft access speed reducer, the motor is connected to the speed reducer, at the rotatory in-process of rotary furnace, form the complex of electric field and gravity field through the electrode, guarantee that the metal that will separate falls into accurate position and retrieve, the residue falls into the residue collection tank, wherein the metal of separation falls into the medial surface of rotary furnace, landing to the collection mould of bottom, it adopts high temperature resistant quick detachable material to make to collect the mould, for example graphite etc.. The feeding equipment comprises a hopper or a screw feeding part; the high-temperature smelting furnace comprises a melting chamber, the melting chamber is made of a high-temperature-resistant crucible, resistance wires or silicon-molybdenum rods or other heating elements are arranged on the periphery of the crucible, and the melting chamber is provided with a control device and a program to ensure the precision of the metal melting temperature. The melting chamber is connected with one end of the gas purification furnace through a pipeline, and the other end of the gas purification furnace is connected with the exhaust fan to continuously absorb gas.

Furthermore, the top of the upper cover of the rotary furnace is provided with a filtering hole, the outlet of the melting chamber is communicated with the filtering hole through switch control, and the liquid metal flows into the filtering hole to form a thread shape or a filiform shape.

Further, a heat recovery layer and a gas purification layer are arranged inside the gas purification furnace. The heat recovery layer can retrieve the power generation with the heat of gas, and the purification layer can filter and purify gas, reduces the pollution degree. The power generation equipment adopts a semiconductor power generation element, and the purification layer adopts an activated carbon adsorption layer.

The invention can adapt to the separation of different metals by separating metals in multiple fields, and ensure that the separated metals can fall into an accurate track; the heat is recovered through the gas purification furnace, so that the pollution degree and the energy consumption are reduced; before melting, the principle material is specially treated, so that the purity of the separated metal is improved, and the pollution is further reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 Rotary kiln

FIG. 2 gas cleaning furnace

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the whole apparatus

Examples example 1 the metal to be separated this time was noble metal gold, and the noble metal gold Au was recovered from electronic garbage, particularly circuit boards. This equipment includes hopper 1, high temperature smelting pot 2, gaseous purification stove 3, air exhauster 4, rotary furnace 5, plate electrode 6, wherein, hopper 1, high temperature smelting pot 2, gaseous purification stove 3, two layers at the factory building of setting such as air exhauster 4, rotary furnace 5, plate electrode 6 set up the one deck of factory building, high temperature smelting pot 2 is connected to the lower extreme of hopper 1, the upper end of high temperature smelting pot 2 is passed through the pipeline and is connected with gaseous purification stove, the lower extreme of high temperature smelting pot 2 is connected with rotary furnace 5's top, plate electrode 6 sets up the both sides at rotary furnace 5.

The rotary furnace 5 comprises an upper cover 52 and a lower cover 54, wherein the upper cover 52 and the lower cover 54 are locked through a connecting piece 54 to form a regular hexagon section which can be closed or opened; the top of the upper cover 52 is provided with a filtering hole 51, two sides of the upper cover 52 are provided with lifting lugs 53, the center of the bottom of the lower cover 54 is provided with a residue recovery tank 55, the edge of the inner bottom surface of the lower cover 54 is provided with a metal recovery mould 56, the metal recovery mould 56 is in butt joint with the inclined surface in the lower cover 54, and liquid metal is promoted to flow back to the metal recovery mould 56; a transmission shaft 59 is arranged in the center of the outer bottom surface of the lower cover, and the transmission shaft 59 is connected with a speed reducer; the rotary furnace is arranged on a layer of supporting platform, an annular guide rail 58 is arranged on the supporting platform, and an annular sliding chute matched with the annular rail is arranged at the bottom of the rotary furnace, so that the stability of the rotary furnace in the high-speed rotation process is ensured; in addition, in order to ensure the stable environment temperature inside the rotary furnace 5, the rotary furnace is also provided with a channel into which high-temperature gas can be introduced for controlling the temperature inside the rotary furnace.

The gas purification furnace 3 of the present invention comprises a heat recovery layer and a gas purification layer; the heat recovery layer adopts a semiconductor temperature difference technology to recover gas heat and generate power, and comprises a high-temperature end 36, an insulating layer 33, an electrode layer 34, a low-temperature end 32 and a plurality of semiconductor elements; the high-temperature gas reaches the bottom of the gas purification furnace, passes through the high-temperature end 36 to absorb heat, reaches the low-temperature end 32 through the insulating layer and the electrode layer to dissipate the heat, and the high-temperature end 36, the insulating layer 33, the electrode layer 34 and the low-temperature end 32 are all provided with air holes or gaps for the gas to pass through; the gas purification layer is provided with an active carbon adsorption layer 31, and after the gas is subjected to heat dissipation through a low-temperature end 32, the temperature is reduced, and then the gas is purified through the active carbon adsorption layer 31; an exhaust fan 4 is arranged near the outlet end of the gas purification furnace, so that the fluidity of the gas in the purification process is ensured.

The high-temperature smelting furnace 2 comprises a smelting chamber 22, a heating element 21 and an outlet 23, wherein the outlet 23 is provided with a control switch, the outlet 23 is connected with the upper end of the rotary furnace, and the molten liquid is ensured to flow into an upper cover of the rotary furnace for filtering and shunting.

The method mainly comprises the following steps:

adding 10kg of crushed electronic garbage particles into an organic solvent or a pollution-free water-based cleaning agent for cleaning, and primarily removing impurities; adding a fluxing agent into the cleaned granular materials, wherein the fluxing agent is preferably 0.2% of borax, and mixing 0.6% -0.7% of sodium carbonate for slagging so as to ensure the purity of gold; the treated electronic garbage particles are sent into a hopper and enter a high-temperature smelting furnace for smelting, the temperature of the high-temperature smelting furnace is set to be above the melting point of gold, and is preferably 1100-; after the metal is fully melted, starting the rotary furnace, rotating and connecting the electrode plate, opening a switch of the high-temperature melting furnace, simultaneously opening an exhaust fan to purify and recover gas, enabling liquid to enter the upper end of the rotary furnace, forming filiform lines through a filter hole, deviating the lines from the direction under the action of a gravitational field and an electric field, wherein gold thread strips slide to an inner inclined plane of the lower cover, and other residues fall into a residue collection tank; the gravity field generated by the rotary furnace reaches over 1000g, and the strength of the electric field is 220V/m-380V/m. In the rotating process of the rotary furnace, high-temperature inert gas is introduced to ensure the stability of the internal environment temperature, at least the temperature is ensured to be above the melting point temperature of gold, and the temperature is preferably 1200 ℃. And after recovery, opening the upper cover, lifting away the residue collection tank, taking out the metal collection mold, crushing the mold by using a percussion drill or a hammer, and cleaning to obtain the gold blocks separated and extracted.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a rare noble metal separator, includes feeder equipment, high temperature smelting pot, gaseous purification stove, many centrifugal separator, air exhauster, its characterized in that: the multi-field centrifuge includes a rotary furnace and an electrode plate.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the hopper, the high-temperature smelting furnace, the gas purification furnace and the exhaust fan are arranged on two layers of a factory building, and the rotary furnace and the electrode plate are arranged on one layer of the factory building.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rotary furnace comprises an upper cover and a lower cover, wherein the upper cover and the lower cover are locked through a connecting piece to form a regular hexagon section and can be closed or opened.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rotary furnace is provided with a channel into which high-temperature gas can be introduced and used for controlling the temperature inside the rotary furnace.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the gas purification furnace includes a heat recovery layer and a gas purification layer.

6. A method for separating rare and precious metals according to the apparatus of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the mechanical separation method is adopted for separation, and is characterized in that: the molten raw material is fed into a rotary furnace, and an electric field is generated through an electrode plate, so that the separated metal obtains an accurate motion track.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the separated metal flows into a graphite collection mold.

8. A method for recovering rare and precious metals in electronic garbage by adopting the method and the device as claimed in the preceding claims comprises the first step of establishing a work station, wherein the work station comprises a plant building arrangement and a device debugging arrangement, the plant building is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the plant site is selected from a suburb or an industrial area far away from the urban center in principle;

step two, preparing raw materials, collecting waste mobile phones or computers, disassembling to obtain circuit boards, and crushing the circuit boards by using a crusher to enable the particle size of the circuit boards to be less than 3 mm; step three, treating raw materials, cleaning the raw materials and adding a fluxing agent; feeding, namely feeding the raw materials subjected to primary treatment into a hopper, and feeding the raw materials into a melting chamber for high-temperature melting; fifthly, heating and melting, and setting a proper temperature for the metal to be extracted and separated according to the melting point temperature of the rare and precious metal to be separated as a reference; sixthly, separating in multiple fields, starting a centrifugal machine, switching on an electric field, setting proper rotating speed and voltage according to the characteristics of the metal to be extracted and separated, ensuring that the separated metal falls into a preset track and flows into a collecting mould; and step seven, closing the power supply, opening an upper cover of the centrifuge, hanging away the solid residues, taking the collecting mold, and obtaining the extracted metal.

9. A method according to claim 8: after the circuit board is crushed into particles in the second step, adding an organic solvent or a chemical reagent, stirring and cleaning the particles, preliminarily separating out a part of impurities, and then sending the impurities into a particle screw feeding box body or a hopper; in the melting process, melting the metal, evaporating a part of impurities into gas at high temperature, feeding the gas into a gas purification furnace for heat recovery, purifying, collecting and feeding the gas into a polluted gas treatment plant, or feeding the gas into mountain underground loess of less than 100 meters in a remote mountain area through a special pipeline for landfill, performing biological purification, planting vegetation with a decomposition function and a detection function on the surface of the mountain, and performing natural degradation treatment and environmental detection; and (4) sending the residual solid waste into a waste garbage plant or a deep mountain old forest for landfill or sending the residual solid waste to the project part of an artificial island for artificial sea reclamation.