CN111186186A - Double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111186186A CN111186186A CN201811358321.3A CN201811358321A CN111186186A CN 111186186 A CN111186186 A CN 111186186A CN 201811358321 A CN201811358321 A CN 201811358321A CN 111186186 A CN111186186 A CN 111186186A
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure and a preparation method thereof1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multi-layer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F formed by a first skin layer M along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F with M1‑T1‑M2‑T2‑X‑T2‑X‑T2……X‑T2-F form composition, first skin layer M1And a second skin layer M2The thickness is 0.2 mm-1 mm respectively, and the wave-transparent layer T1The thickness range is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm. According to the invention, through the design of the double-layer skin, the wave absorbing performance of the high-frequency (Ka) wave band of the wave absorbing composite material sandwich structure can be greatly improved, and the defect that the wave absorbing foam sandwich structure is difficult to obtain a satisfactory wave absorbing effect in the high-frequency (Ka) wave band when the skin is thicker (more than 0.2mm) is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sandwich structure of a double-layer skin wave-absorbing foam wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of functional materials.
Background
With the development of radar detection and guidance technology, the main detection wave band of enemy radar is continuously expanded to a high-frequency wave band, and weapon equipment puts an urgent need on materials with high-frequency (Ka) wave band electromagnetic wave absorption function.
The light wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure has wide application background in weapons and has excellent broadband wave-absorbing performance. Some equipment has higher requirements on the mechanical property of the skin, and the skin with larger thickness is inevitably adopted, but when the skin with the sandwich structure is thicker (more than 0.2mm), no matter how the wave-absorbing structure of the composite material is adjusted, a satisfactory wave-absorbing effect is difficult to obtain in a high-frequency (Ka) wave band. Under the circumstance, how to improve the high-frequency wave absorbing performance of the sandwich structure becomes a difficult problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure with excellent wave-absorbing performance in a high-frequency (Ka) wave band and a preparation method thereof.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure on one hand, which comprises a first skin layer M1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multi-layer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F formed by a first skin layer M along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F with M1-T1-M2-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2-F form composition, first skin layer M1And a second skin layer M2The thickness is 0.2 mm-1 mm respectively, and the wave-transparent layer T1The thickness range is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
Further, a first skin layer M1And a second coverCortex M2The materials are the same and are selected from any one of glass fiber cloth reinforced resin composite material, quartz fiber cloth reinforced resin composite material or aramid fiber cloth reinforced resin composite material, and the first skin layer M1And a second skin layer M2The thickness of the two materials is different by no more than 20%.
Further, a wave-transparent layer T1And a multi-layer wave-transmitting layer T2Any layer of the material is the same and is selected from any one of aramid paper honeycomb, polyurethane foam, epoxy foam or polymethacrylimide foam.
Further, a multi-layer wave-transparent layer T2The thickness of any layer ranges from 1mm to 3 mm.
Further, any wave-absorbing layer X can be a wave-absorbing adhesive film material obtained by blending an electromagnetic wave absorbent in a resin adhesive.
Further, the resin is selected from any one of epoxy resin, cyanate resin, bismaleimide resin.
Further, the electromagnetic wave absorbent is uniformly dispersed in the resin adhesive, and the electromagnetic wave absorbent is selected from one or more of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene powder or chopped carbon fibers.
Further, the electromagnetic wave absorbent is uniformly dispersed in the resin adhesive, and the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the resin adhesive is 0.01-10%.
Further, along the electromagnetic propagation direction, the mass percent of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the multi-layer wave absorbing layer X is changed in a gradient ascending way.
Further, the reflecting layer is made of carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite materials.
In another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure is provided:
and 2, curing the multilayer material prepared in the step 1 to obtain the material.
Through the technical scheme, the sandwich structure of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material is designed, and the first skin layer M is arranged along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F with M1-T1-M2-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2The structure is characterized in that the structure is formed in a form of F, and by means of the structural design, a double-layer skin structure is designed, so that the strength of the structure is guaranteed, on the other hand, two layers of skin layers are designed to be respectively positioned on two sides of a wave-transmitting layer, the thicknesses of the skin layers and the wave-transmitting layer are limited, incident electromagnetic waves can be reflected for multiple times between the two layers of skin layers, finally all reflected wave interference is cancelled, direct reflection of the electromagnetic waves at the skin part of the wave-absorbing structure can be greatly reduced, the electromagnetic waves are introduced into the wave-absorbing material and absorbed by the wave-absorbing material inside, and the radar wave permeability of a high-frequency (Ka. In conclusion, the scheme of the invention greatly improves the high-frequency wave-absorbing performance of the structure on the basis of ensuring the strength of the sandwich structure of the composite material. Wave-transparent layer T2The wave-absorbing structure and the wave-absorbing layer X are alternately designed, so that a certain space distance exists between the two adjacent wave-absorbing layers, a good impedance matching effect is obtained, and meanwhile, the wave-absorbing structure has certain strength and rigidity.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sandwich structure of a double-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sandwich structure of the wave-absorbing composite material in the comparative example;
FIG. 3 is a reflectivity test curve of the sandwich structure of the double-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a reflectivity test curve of the sandwich structure of the single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material provided in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a reflectivity test curve of the sandwich structure of the double-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a reflectivity test curve of the sandwich structure of the single-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided in comparative example 2;
FIG. 7 is a reflectivity test curve of the sandwich structure of the double-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided in example 3;
FIG. 8 is a reflectivity test curve for the sandwich structure of the single-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided in comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
As mentioned in the background art, in the existing composite sandwich structure, the composite skin with a single-layer skin thickness greater than 0.2mm generally generates strong direct reflection to high-frequency electromagnetic waves (Ka band), which is not favorable for the design of the wave-absorbing structure. To solve the problem, as shown in fig. 1, a sandwich structure of a double-skin wave-absorbing composite material provided by an embodiment of the invention is formed by a first skin layer M along an electromagnetic propagation direction1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F with M1-T1-M2-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2-F form composition, first skin layer M1And a second skin layer M2The thickness is 0.2 mm-1 mm respectively, and the wave-transparent layer T1The thickness of (A) is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
The embodiment of the invention designs a sandwich structure of a double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material, which is formed by a first skin layer M along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F with M1-T1-M2-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2F form, by which a double skin structure is designed to ensure the strength of the structure on the one hand and to design two skin layers respectively on the wave-transparent layer T on the other hand1And to the skin layer and the wave-transmitting layer T1The thickness is limited, so that incident electromagnetic waves can be reflected for multiple times between two layers of skins, finally all reflected waves are interfered destructively, and the direct reflection of the electromagnetic waves at the skin part of the wave-absorbing structure can be greatly reduced, so that the electromagnetic waves are introduced into the wave-absorbing material and absorbed by the wave-absorbing material inside, and the permeability of radar waves in a high-frequency (Ka) wave band is greatly improved. Wave-transparent layer T2The wave-absorbing structure and the wave-absorbing layer X are alternately designed, so that a certain space distance exists between the two adjacent wave-absorbing layers, a good impedance matching effect is obtained, and meanwhile, the wave-absorbing structure has certain strength and rigidity.
In the embodiment of the invention, a first skin layer M is designed1And a second skin layer M2The thicknesses of the two layers of skin are respectively 0.2 mm-1 mm, and the performance of the wave-absorbing structure can be ensured even if the skin adopted by the embodiment of the invention is larger than 0.2mm, because the embodiment of the invention adopts the double-layer skin design and arranges the double-layer skin on the wave-transmitting layer T with the specific thickness1And the two sides are arranged on the two sides, so that incident electromagnetic waves can be reflected for multiple times between the two layers of skins through the structural design, finally all reflected waves are interfered destructively, the direct reflection of the electromagnetic waves at the skin part of the wave-absorbing structure can be greatly reduced, and the electromagnetic waves are introduced into the wave-absorbing material.
In addition, in order to ensure better structural strength, the thickness of the skin in the embodiment of the invention cannot be less than 0.2mm, and the thickness of the skin in the embodiment of the invention cannot be greater than 1mm, because if the thickness of the skin is greater than 1mm, the wave-absorbing structure is difficult to obtain better wave-absorbing effect even if a double-layer skin scheme is adopted.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the thickness of the skin is 0.2-1 mm and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is Ka band, the thickness of the wave-transparent layer is selected within the range of 0.5-1.5 mm, so that the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave at the skin part of the wave-absorbing structure can be improved to the maximum extent. In the thickness range, the thickness of the wave-transparent layer T is also selected to be related to the thickness of the two layers of skins and the frequency of the electromagnetic waves, the thickness of the wave-transparent layer T is generally selected according to the thickness of the skin layers, and the thicker the thickness of the skin layers is, the thinner the thickness of the wave-transparent layer T is.
As an embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the first skin layer and the second skin layer is different by no more than 20%, and the materials of the two skins are the same. Through the configuration mode, the designed skin layers are basically the same in thickness, and the materials of the designed skin layers and the designed skin layers are the same (the same dielectric constant is ensured), so that the electromagnetic waves can generate the effects of multiple reflection and destructive interference between the double-layer skins, and the electromagnetic wave permeability is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the difference between the thicknesses of the first skin layer and the second skin layer is not more than 20%, which means that: for example, the first skin layer has a thickness of b1The thickness of the second skin layer is b2，|b1-b2I and b1Or b2The comparison is not more than 20%.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first skin layer M1And a second skin layer M2The material can be any one of glass fiber cloth reinforced resin composite material, quartz fiber cloth reinforced resin composite material or aramid fiber cloth reinforced resin composite material.
In the embodiment of the invention, the wave-transparent layer T1And an arbitrary wave-transmitting layer T2The materials are the same, and can be any one of aramid paper honeycomb, polyurethane foam, epoxy foam or polymethacrylimide foam, and in a wave-absorbing structure, the same wave-transmitting supporting material is adopted as much as possible, so that the materials of all layers have the same material characteristics (such as mechanical property, heat conduction property and the like), and the materials have better compression resistance and excellent wave-absorbing performance.
In the embodiment of the invention, any wave-transparent layer T2The thickness of (A) is in the range of 1mm to 3 mm. Wave-transparent layer T smaller than 1mm2The general processing difficulty is large and the raw materials are not easy to obtain; wave-transparent layer T larger than 3mm2The distance between the two wave absorbing layers is too large, the number of the wave absorbing layers adopted by the wave absorbing structure can be reduced, and the integral wave absorbing efficiency is reduced.
In the embodiment of the invention, any wave-absorbing layer X is a wave-absorbing adhesive film material obtained by blending an electromagnetic wave absorbent in a resin adhesive.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the resin may be any one of an epoxy resin, a cyanate resin, and a bismaleimide resin.
In the embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic wave absorbent is a material capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves, and may be one or more of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene powder or chopped carbon fibers, and the electromagnetic wave absorbent is uniformly dispersed in the resin adhesive.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the resin adhesive is 0.01-10%. When the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the resin adhesive is lower than 0.01%, the absorption effect of the prepared wave absorbing layer on the electromagnetic waves is weaker; when the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the resin adhesive is higher than 10%, the electromagnetic wave absorbent has large reflection, and the two conditions are not favorable for the design of an impedance matching structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, along the electromagnetic propagation direction, the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the multi-layer wave absorbing layer X is changed in a gradient ascending way. The electromagnetic wave absorbent content in each wave absorbing layer is different, so that the absorption frequency of each wave absorbing layer is different, the impedance value is different, the impedance level and the loss capacity of electromagnetic waves can be increased through the impedance value in gradient arrangement, and the stealth performance of the wave absorbing material is improved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the reflective layer may be a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite. The carbon fiber fabric has good conductivity and can be co-cured and molded with the composite material.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a preparation method of a double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure is provided, which comprises the following steps:
In this step, each layer needs to be aligned at the time of laying, and in addition, the first skin layer M needs to be laid before laying1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2The materials of the multi-layer wave-absorbing layer X and the reflecting layer F are cut into required sizes, and release agents are sprayed on the surface of a mould and dried.
And 2, curing the multilayer material prepared in the step 1 to obtain the blank of the sandwich structure of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material.
In the step, the blank of the sandwich structure of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material can be processed into a specific size according to the requirement.
As an embodiment of the invention, when layering, along the layering sequence, the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the multi-layer wave absorbing layer X is gradually increased and changed layer by layer according to gradient.
As an embodiment of the invention, the multi-layer material is cured by a vacuum bag pressing and heating curing molding process.
The features and properties of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, specific examples, and comparative examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure provided in this embodiment includes a first skin layer M1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F, a first skin layer M along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2The multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and the reflecting layer F consist of M1-T1-M2-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2-form constitution of F.
As shown in figure 2, the single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure provided by the comparative example comprises a skin layer M1Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multi-layer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F arranged along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves from M1-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2-form constitution of F. Comparative example compared with example, only the wave-transmitting layer T was removed1And a second skin layer M2The rest are the same.
Example 1
The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the first skin layer M is a sandwich structure1And a second skin layer M2The adopted materials are all glass fiber fabric reinforced resin composite materials, and the thickness is 1 mm; wave-transparent layer T1The selected material is polyurethane foam, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; wave-transparent layer T2Four layers are selected, the selected material is polyurethane foam, and the thickness is 3 mm; the wave-absorbing layer X comprises four layers, the selected materials are epoxy adhesive and carbon black blended wave-absorbing composite materials, and the mass percentages of the carbon black in the four wave-absorbing layers X are respectively 0.1%, 0.5%, 2% and 6% along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves; the material selected for the reflecting layer F is a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:
In the step, before layering, a mold release agent is sprayed on the surface of the mold and dried. A first skin layer M1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Four wave-transparent layers T2Cutting the four wave-absorbing layer X and the reflecting layer F into required sizes, and when laying the layers, cutting each layer into piecesOne layer is aligned.
And 2, curing the prepared multilayer material in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum bag pressing, heating, curing and forming process method to obtain a blank of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure, and cutting the blank of the structure into required size.
Comparative example 1
The single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure provided by the comparative example comprises a first skin layer M1The adopted material is a glass fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material with the thickness of 1 mm; wave-transparent layer T2Four layers in total, wherein the selected materials are all polyurethane foam, and the thickness of the selected materials is 3 mm; the wave-absorbing layer X comprises four layers, the selected materials are epoxy adhesive and carbon black blended wave-absorbing composite materials, and the mass percentages of carbon black in the four wave-absorbing layers X are respectively 0.1%, 0.5%, 2% and 6% along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves; the material selected for the reflecting layer F is a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
The preparation method of this comparative example comprises the following steps:
In the step, before laying, a release agent is sprayed on the surface of the mould and dried, and the first skin layer M is coated1Four wave-transparent layers T2The four wave absorbing layers X and the reflecting layer F are cut into required sizes, and when the layers are laid, each layer is aligned.
And 2, curing the prepared multilayer material in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum bag pressing, heating, curing and forming process method to obtain a single-skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure blank, and cutting the structure blank into required size.
The dual-layer skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure prepared in the example 1 and the single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure prepared in the comparative example 1 are respectively subjected to a reflectivity test in a Ka frequency band, and the results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the average of the reflectivities of the materials obtained in example 1 at the frequencies of 26.5 to 40GHz was-14.6 dB, and as can be seen from FIG. 4, the average of the reflectivities of the materials obtained in comparative example 1 at the frequencies of 26.5 to 40GHz was-7.7 dB. It can be seen that the performance of the material obtained in example 1 is greatly improved compared with that of comparative example 1.
Example 2
The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the first skin layer M is a sandwich structure1And a second skin layer M2The adopted materials are all quartz fiber fabric reinforced resin composite materials, and the thickness is 0.6 mm; wave-transparent layer T1The selected material is epoxy foam, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; wave-transparent layer T2The total number of the layers is four, the selected materials are all epoxy foam, and the thickness is 3 mm; the wave-absorbing layer X comprises four layers, the selected materials are cyanate adhesive and graphene wave-absorbing composite materials, and the mass percentages of carbon black in the four wave-absorbing layers X are respectively 0.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.2% along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves; the material selected for the reflecting layer F is a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:
In the step, before layering, a mold release agent is sprayed on the surface of the mold and dried. A first skin layer M1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Four wave-transparent layers T2The four wave absorbing layers X and the reflecting layer F are cut into required sizes, and when the layers are laid, each layer is aligned.
And 2, curing the prepared multilayer material in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum bag pressing, heating, curing and forming process method to obtain a blank of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure, and cutting the blank of the structure into required size.
Comparative example 2
The single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure provided by the comparative example comprises a first skin layer M1The adopted material is a quartz fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material, and the thickness is 0.6 mm; wave-transparent layer T2The total number of the layers is four, the selected materials are all epoxy foam, and the thickness is 3 mm; the wave-absorbing layer X comprises four layers, wherein cyanate adhesive is mixed with graphene wave-absorbing composite materials, and the mass percentages of carbon black in the four wave-absorbing layers X are respectively 0.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.2% along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves; the material selected for the reflecting layer F is a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
The preparation method of this comparative example comprises the following steps:
In the step, before laying, a release agent is sprayed on the surface of the mould and dried, and the first skin layer M is coated1Four wave-transparent layers T2The four wave absorbing layers X and the reflecting layer F are cut into required sizes, and when the layers are laid, each layer is aligned.
And 2, curing the prepared multilayer material in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum bag pressing, heating, curing and forming process method to obtain a single-skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure blank, and cutting the structure blank into required size.
The reflectivity test of the Ka frequency band is respectively carried out on the sandwich structure of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 and the sandwich structure of the single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material prepared in the comparative example 2, and the results are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the average of the reflectivities of the materials obtained in example 2 at the frequencies of 26.5 to 40GHz was-18.1 dB, and as can be seen from FIG. 6, the average of the reflectivities of the materials obtained in comparative example 2 at the frequencies of 26.5 to 40GHz was-9.9 dB. It can be seen that the performance of the material obtained in example 2 is greatly improved compared with that of comparative example 2.
Example 3
The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the first skin layer M is a sandwich structure1And a second skin layer M2The adopted materials are aramid fiber fabric reinforced resin composite materials, and the thickness of the aramid fiber fabric reinforced resin composite materials is 0.3 mm; wave-transparent layer T1The selected material is aramid paper honeycomb, and the thickness is 0.5 mm; wave-transparent layer T2Six layers are adopted, and the selected materials are aramid paper honeycombs with the thickness of 2 mm; the wave-absorbing layer X comprises six layers, the selected materials are bismaleimide resin adhesive and blended with short carbon fiber wave-absorbing composite materials, and the short carbon fibers in the six layers of wave-absorbing layer X are respectively 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.2%, 2%, 4% and 6% in mass percent along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves; the material selected for the reflecting layer F is a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:
In the step, before laying, a mold release agent is sprayed on the surface of the mold and dried, and in addition, the first skin layer M is arranged1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Six wave-transparent layers T2The six wave-absorbing layers X and the reflecting layer F are cut into required sizes, and when the layers are laid, each layer is aligned.
And 2, curing the prepared multilayer material in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum bag pressing, heating, curing and forming process method to obtain a blank of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure, and cutting the blank of the structure into required size.
Comparative example 3
The single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure provided by the comparative example comprises a first skin layer M1The adopted material is an aramid fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material, and the thickness is 0.3 mm; wave-transparent layer T2Six layers are adopted, and the selected materials are aramid paper honeycombs with the thickness of 2 mm; the wave-absorbing layer X comprises 6 layers, all selected materials are bismaleimide resin adhesive blended short carbon fiber wave-absorbing composite materials, and in the six wave-absorbing layers X, the mass percentages of short carbon fibers are respectively 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.2%, 2%, 4% and 6% along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction; the material selected for the reflecting layer F is a carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
In the step, before laying, a mold release agent is sprayed on the surface of the mold and dried, and in addition, the first skin layer M is arranged1Six wave-transparent layers T2The six wave-absorbing layers X and the reflecting layer F are cut into required sizes, and when the layers are laid, each layer is aligned.
And 2, curing the prepared multilayer material in the step 1 by adopting a vacuum bag pressing, heating, curing and forming process method to obtain a blank of the single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure, and cutting the blank of the structure into required size.
The reflectivity test of the Ka frequency band is respectively carried out on the sandwich structure of the double-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material prepared in the embodiment 3 and the sandwich structure of the single-layer skin wave-absorbing composite material prepared in the comparative example 3, and the results are shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the average of the reflectivities of the materials obtained in example 3 at the frequencies of 26.5 to 40GHz was-20.9 dB, and as can be seen from FIG. 8, the average of the reflectivities of the materials obtained in comparative example 3 at the frequencies of 26.5 to 40GHz was-11.7 dB. It can be seen that the performance of the material obtained in example 3 is greatly improved compared with that of comparative example 3.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a double-deck covering wave-absorbing composite material sandwich structure which characterized in that: comprising a first skin layer M1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multi-layer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F formed by the first skin layer M along the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F with M1-T1-M2-T2-X-T2-X-T2……X-T2-F form, said first skin layer M1And a second skin layer M2The thickness is 0.2 mm-1 mm respectively, and the wave-transparent layer T1The thickness range is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm.
2. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the first skin layer M1And the second skin layer M2The materials are the same and are selected from any one of glass fiber cloth reinforced resin composite materials, quartz fiber cloth reinforced resin composite materials or aramid fiber cloth reinforced resin composite materials; and the first skin layer M1And the second skin layer M2The thickness does not differ by more than 20%.
3. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the wave-transparent layer T1And any of the wave-transmitting layers T2The same material is selected from aramid paper honeycomb, polyurethane foam and epoxy foamAny of foam or polymethacrylimide foam.
4. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 1, characterized in that: any said wave-transparent layer T2The thickness of (A) is in the range of 1mm to 3 mm.
5. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 1, characterized in that: and any wave-absorbing layer X is a wave-absorbing adhesive film material obtained by mixing an electromagnetic wave absorbent in a resin adhesive.
6. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 5, characterized in that: the resin is one of epoxy resin, cyanate resin and bismaleimide resin, and the electromagnetic wave absorbent is one or more of carbon black, carbon nano tubes, graphene powder or chopped carbon fibers.
7. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 5, characterized in that: the electromagnetic wave absorbent is uniformly dispersed in the resin adhesive, and the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the resin adhesive is 0.01-10%.
8. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 5, characterized in that: along the electromagnetic propagation direction, the mass percentage of the electromagnetic wave absorbent in the multilayer wave absorbing layer X is changed in a gradient ascending way.
9. The double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the reflecting layer is made of carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin composite material.
10. The preparation method of the double-skin wave-absorbing composite sandwich structure according to claims 1-9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, on a mould,combining the first skin layer M1Wave-transparent layer T1A second skin layer M2Multilayer wave-transmitting layer T2A multilayer wave-absorbing layer X and a reflecting layer F according to M1-T1-M2-T2-X1-T3-X2-T4……XN-1-TN-F, said layers being joined by means of an adhesive;
and 2, curing the multilayer material prepared in the step 1 to obtain the material.
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