CN113524820A - Wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113524820A CN113524820A CN202110706442.8A CN202110706442A CN113524820A CN 113524820 A CN113524820 A CN 113524820A CN 202110706442 A CN202110706442 A CN 202110706442A CN 113524820 A CN113524820 A CN 113524820A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/308—Heat stability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof. The wave-absorbing layer is arranged between the wave-transmitting layer and the reflecting layer; the wave-absorbing layer comprises a plurality of layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials which are sequentially stacked, and each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material comprises a hollow fabric and resin which is filled on the surface of the hollow fabric fiber and is dispersed with a wave-absorbing agent. According to the invention, the wave absorbing agent is dissolved in the resin, and the wave absorbing resin is added to the fibers of the hollow fabric, so that the wave absorbing agent of the prepared multilayer wave absorbing hollow fabric composite material is uniformly dispersed, the wave absorbing composite material has excellent overall performance, does not have interfacial property, has excellent performances of light weight, high strength, delamination resistance and impact resistance, and can be designed into different wave absorbing layer structures according to the requirements of electrical performance and mechanical performance, so that the compatibility of electrical performance and mechanical performance is realized, and the feasibility of the forming process is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave-absorbing materials, and particularly relates to a wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wave-absorbing material is a material capable of absorbing and attenuating incident electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy to be dissipated, or the electromagnetic waves are prevented from being reflected or passing through by the interference effect. The development of the light-weight high-strength wave-absorbing material has important significance in the fields of stealth, electromagnetic compatibility and the like.
In order to improve the efficiency of the microwave absorbing material, a microwave absorbing material capable of generating multiple loss mechanisms should be constructed, so that electromagnetic waves can enter the material as much as possible to be attenuated, thereby meeting the requirements of strong absorption, wide frequency band, high temperature resistance and the like and obtaining the microwave absorbing material with excellent performance. According to the theory of electromagnetism, the loss of electromagnetic waves depends on the intrinsic dielectric loss and magnetic loss capacity of the material, and the wave absorbing capacity of the material is changed through good impedance matching capacity.
In the prior art, foam is often adopted to fill honeycomb sandwich materials to prepare wave-absorbing composite materials.
CN108749229A discloses a sandwich structure wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sandwich structure is an integrated sandwich structure body formed by a middle layer and skins at the upper side and the lower side, the middle layer is a honeycomb material filled with carbon nano tube/cellulose wave-absorbing foam, the upper skin is a quartz fiber cloth reinforced resin material with electromagnetic wave transmission characteristic, and the lower skin is a carbon fiber cloth reinforced resin material with electromagnetic wave reflection characteristic. The structural composite material has a surface-core interface, a layering phenomenon occurs, and the thermal matching of honeycombs, foams and resin at high temperature is difficult.
CN110588093A discloses a wave-absorbing composite material aircraft wing surface component and a preparation method thereof. The component consists of an upper wave absorbing piece, a lower wave absorbing piece and a force bearing part. The upper wave absorbing part and the lower wave absorbing part are of a three-layer structure consisting of a wave-transmitting fiber reinforced composite material layer, a wave absorbing layer and a shielding bottom layer. However, the wave absorbing agent is coated on the surface of the fabric, so that the wave absorbing agent is remained on the surface of the fabric, and the problems of agglomeration, uneven dispersion and the like of the wave absorbing agent exist, and the wave absorbing performance of the material is influenced.
CN202010527940.1 discloses a light composite wave-absorbing material and a preparation method thereof, comprising magnetic powder and a light matrix, wherein the light matrix is formed by compounding hollow microspheres and a binder, and the magnetic powder is dispersed among the microspheres. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a light matrix solution: mixing and stirring the solvent and the binder uniformly until the solvent and the binder are completely dispersed, and then adding the microspheres; uniformly stirring and dispersing the binder and the microspheres in a solvent to form a light matrix solution; (2) preparing a light composite wave-absorbing material: and (2) adding magnetic powder into the light matrix solution obtained in the step (1), stirring to uniformly disperse the magnetic powder, and curing to remove the solvent to obtain the light composite wave-absorbing material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material comprises a wave-transmitting layer, a reflecting layer and a wave-absorbing layer arranged between the wave-transmitting layer and the reflecting layer; the wave-absorbing layer comprises a plurality of layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials which are sequentially stacked, and each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material comprises a hollow fabric and resin which is filled in a hollow cavity of the hollow fabric and is dispersed with a wave-absorbing agent.
Further, the wave-transmitting layer is made of fiber reinforced material hollow fabric, glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, polyimide fiber cloth or chopped strand mat.
Further, the wave absorbing agent is at least one of an electric loss wave absorbing agent and a magnetic loss wave absorbing agent.
Further, the electric loss wave absorbing agent is silicon carbide fiber, graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nano tube or conductive high polymer;
the magnetic loss wave absorbing agent is ferrite, carbonyl iron powder or magnetic metal whisker.
Furthermore, the sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is 8-shaped, W-shaped, V-shaped, pi-shaped, O-shaped, II-shaped or X-shaped, the height of the hollow fabric is 5-30mm, and the surface density of the hollow fabric is 500-2500 g/square meter.
Furthermore, the resin content of each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material is 30-60%, and the proportion of the wave-absorbing agent to the resin is 0.5-20%.
Further, the resin is epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, polyaryne resin, bismaleimide resin, nitrile resin, polyphenyl ether and cyanate resin.
Furthermore, the hollow fabric cavity is filled with a wave-absorbing foam material.
The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
step (1): preparing materials: hollow fabric, fiber cloth, resin and wave absorbing agent;
step (2): preparing wave-absorbing resin: dispersing and mixing an electric loss type wave absorbing agent or a magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent into resin according to a certain proportion and uniformly stirring to obtain wave absorbing resin;
and (3): preparing a single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material: laying fiber cloth and hollow fabric on the surface of a mould in sequence, and compounding wave-absorbing resin and the fabric by adopting a vacuum flow-guide forming process to prepare a single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material with electric loss or magnetic loss;
and (4): preparing a light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material: the reflecting layer, the plurality of single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials and the transparent thin layer are sequentially laid and prepared and formed by adopting a bag pressing or mould pressing or autoclave method.
Further, the step (3) of compounding the wave-absorbing resin and the fabric further comprises the following steps: the cavity of the hollow fabric is filled with a foam material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
according to the invention, the wave absorbing agent is dissolved in the resin, and the wave absorbing resin is added into the cavity of the hollow fabric, so that the wave absorbing agent of the prepared multilayer wave absorbing hollow fabric composite material is uniformly dispersed, the light sandwich structure type wave absorbing composite material prepared from the hollow fabric has excellent overall performance, no interfacial property, excellent properties of light weight, high strength, delamination resistance and impact resistance, different layer laying structures can be designed according to the requirements of electrical property and mechanical property, the compatibility of electrical property and mechanical property is realized, and the feasibility of the forming process is met; the components with various complex shapes are manufactured, the structural mass can be reduced, the effective load can be improved, and the thermal stability at high temperature is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the composite material of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-reflecting layer, 2-wave absorbing layer and 3-wave transparent layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
The invention provides a light interlayer structure type wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides the light interlayer structure type wave-absorbing composite material which has wide absorption frequency band, high absorption strength, high structural strength and light weight.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material is composed of a wave-transmitting layer 3, a wave-absorbing layer 2 and a reflecting layer 1.
The fiber reinforced material of the wave-transparent layer is glass fiber cloth, and the wave-absorbing layer is composed of 3 layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials. The wave absorbing agent in each wave absorbing hollow fabric composite material in the 3 layers of wave absorbing hollow fabric composite materials is of a magnetic loss type and is ferrite. Each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material consists of a wave-absorbing agent, a hollow fabric and a resin matrix.
The resin matrix may be an epoxy resin. The resin content of the hollow fabric composite was 50%.
The sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is 8-shaped, and the height of the hollow fabric is 25 mm. The area density of the hollow fabric is 1500 g/square meter.
Example 2
The light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material of the embodiment is composed of a wave-transmitting layer 3, a wave-absorbing layer 2 and a reflecting layer 1. The fiber reinforced material of the wave-transmitting layer is hollow fabric, quartz fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, chopped strand mat and other fabrics.
The wave-absorbing layer 2 is composed of 2 layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials. The 2-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material can be composed of one or more of a magnetic loss type wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material or an electric loss type wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material. The wave-absorbing hollow fabric interlayer composite material consists of a wave-absorbing agent, a hollow fabric and a resin matrix.
The wave absorber is at least one of an electrical loss wave absorber and a magnetic loss wave absorber. The electric loss wave absorbing agent can be silicon carbide fiber, graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nano tubes and conductive high polymer, and the magnetic loss wave absorbing agent can be ferrite, carbonyl iron powder and magnetic metal whiskers.
The sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is in the forms of W type, V type, Pi type, O type, II type or X type, and the height of the hollow fabric is 5-30 mm. The area density of the hollow fabric is 500 g/square meter to 2500 g/square meter.
The resin matrix is bismaleimide resin (BMI), polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and cyanate resin (CE).
The resin content of the hollow fabric composite material is 30-60%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing materials: preparing raw materials of hollow fabrics, fiber cloth, resin, wave absorbing agent and the like with different specifications;
(2) preparing wave-absorbing resin: dispersing and mixing the electric loss type or magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent into resin according to a certain proportion and uniformly stirring;
(3) preparing a single-layer wave-absorbing hollow composite material: laying fiber cloth and hollow fabric on the surface of a mould in sequence, and compounding wave-absorbing resin and the fabric by adopting a vacuum flow-guide forming process to prepare a wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material with electric loss or magnetic loss;
(4) preparing a light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material: and laying the reflecting layer, the wave absorbing layer and the transparent thin layer in sequence, and preparing and molding by adopting a bag pressing method.
Example 4
Compared with the embodiment 3, the step (3) of preparing the wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material with electric loss or magnetic loss by compounding the wave-absorbing resin and the fabric through a vacuum flow-guide molding process further comprises the following steps:
the cavity structure of the hollow fabric composite material can be pre-embedded and filled with foam materials with different functions according to the use requirements so as to realize heat insulation, sound insulation and impedance matching.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 3, the difference of the embodiment is that the reflective layer, the wave-absorbing layer and the transparent thin layer are sequentially paved in the step (4), and then are prepared and formed by adopting a mould pressing or autoclave method.
Claims (10)
1. A wave-absorbing composite material comprises a wave-transmitting layer, a reflecting layer and a wave-absorbing layer arranged between the wave-transmitting layer and the reflecting layer; the wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material is characterized in that the wave-absorbing layer comprises a plurality of layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials which are sequentially stacked, and each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material comprises a hollow fabric and resin which is filled on the surface of a hollow fabric fiber and is dispersed with a wave-absorbing agent.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the wave-transparent layer is a fiber reinforced hollow fabric, a glass fiber cloth, a quartz fiber cloth, an aramid fiber cloth, a polyimide fiber cloth, or a chopped strand mat.
3. The composite of claim 1, wherein the wave absorber is at least one of an electrically lossy and a magnetically lossy wave absorber.
4. The composite material of claim 3, wherein the electrical loss absorber is silicon carbide fiber, graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or conductive high polymer;
the magnetic loss wave absorbing agent is ferrite, carbonyl iron powder or magnetic metal whisker.
5. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the hollow fabric has a sandwich structure of 8, W, V, Pi, O, II or X, the hollow fabric has a height of 5-30mm, and the area density of the hollow fabric is 500-2500 g/sq.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the resin content of each layer of the wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material is 30-60%, and the ratio of the wave-absorbing agent to the resin is 0.5-20%.
7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the resin is an epoxy resin, an unsaturated resin, a phenolic resin, a polyarylalkyne resin, a bismaleimide resin, a nitrile resin, a polyphenylene ether resin, or a cyanate resin.
8. The composite material of claim 7, wherein the hollow fabric cavity is further filled with a wave-absorbing foam material.
9. A method for preparing a composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step (1): preparing materials: hollow fabric, fiber cloth, resin and wave absorbing agent;
step (2): preparing wave-absorbing resin: dispersing and mixing the electric loss type or magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent into resin and uniformly stirring to obtain wave absorbing resin;
and (3): preparing a single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material: laying fiber cloth and hollow fabric on the surface of a mould in sequence, and compounding wave-absorbing resin and the fabric by adopting a vacuum flow-guide forming process to prepare a single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material with electric loss or magnetic loss;
and (4): preparing a light sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material: the reflecting layer, the plurality of single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials and the wave-transmitting layer are sequentially laid and prepared and formed by adopting a bag pressing or mould pressing or autoclave method.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step (3) of compounding the wave-absorbing resin with the fabric further comprises the following steps: and filling the hollow cavity of the hollow fabric with a wave-absorbing foam material.
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CN202110706442.8A CN113524820B (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2021-06-24 | Wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof |
PCT/CN2021/127678 WO2022267289A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2021-10-29 | Wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method therefor |
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CN114274608A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-05 | 江苏领瑞新材料科技有限公司 | Wave-absorbing stealth material capable of resisting radar scanning and application thereof |
CN114702830A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-05 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | Interlayer composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN114734698A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-07-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-performance structural wave absorber and preparation method thereof |
CN114801381A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-29 | 四川盈乐威科技有限公司 | Multilayer wave-absorbing material and preparation method thereof |
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