CN112776372B - Structural-function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Structural-function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
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- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
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- B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
- B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/04—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
- B32B2037/1253—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives curable adhesive
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave absorption composite materials, in particular to a structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material and a preparation method thereof; the structural wave-absorbing composite material is formed by compounding a wave-transmitting layer, a wave-absorbing layer and a reflecting layer in sequence. The upper wave-transparent layer can provide good impedance matching performance; the intermediate wave-absorbing layer can be arranged in a staggered manner through the array of the multiple layers of continuous carbon fiber bundles or used in cooperation with wave-absorbing functional particles, and endows the composite material with strong electromagnetic wave loss capability by means of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, 1/4 wavelength loss and multiple scattering and edge scattering among the carbon fiber bundles; the bottom layer reflecting layer can enable electromagnetic waves to be reflected and secondarily lost, and therefore the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composite material is further improved. The invention has wide raw material source, stable forming process and convenient operation, and the prepared composite material has excellent wave-absorbing performance and mechanical property and has good application prospect in military and civil fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave absorption composite materials, in particular to a structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The structural wave-absorbing composite material is a radar wave stealth material which is comprehensively and integrally designed based on a fiber reinforcement and has wave-absorbing performance and mechanical performance, and the stealth performance of the structural wave-absorbing composite material generally achieves the aim of reducing the detectability by using special materials and structures. The structural wave-absorbing material has the advantages of good wave-absorbing performance, light weight, bearing capability and the like, is one of the key research directions of wave-absorbing stealth technologies in various countries at present, and has important significance on the design and manufacture of stealth materials. The existing structural wave-absorbing composite material mainly comprises a laminate structure, a sandwich structure, a frequency selective surface, a superstructure and the like, wherein the laminate structure is most widely applied due to simple forming process and is mainly formed by compounding an incident layer (an impedance matching layer), a wave-absorbing layer and a reflecting layer.
For the structural wave-absorbing composite material, effective load-bearing and wave-absorbing properties are usually obtained by matching different reinforcing fibers. The wave-transmitting layer generally adopts low-dielectric-constant fibers with the dielectric constant and the loss tangent value as small as possible, such as ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers, quartz fibers, glass fibers and the like, and can endow excellent impedance matching performance while playing a bearing role, so that as many electromagnetic waves as possible enter the wave-absorbing structure. The glass fiber has the advantages of good insulation property, good heat resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and the like, and when the laminated or sandwich type wave-absorbing structure is prepared, the single glass fiber or the glass fiber loaded with the wave-absorbing functional particles can effectively play the role of the wave-absorbing layer as a bearing body. The carbon fiber has excellent mechanical property, thermodynamic property, corrosion resistance and the like, and is one of the most commonly used reinforcing fibers in the current composite material. In addition, the carbon fiber has good dielectric and conductive capabilities and is a dielectric loss type wave-absorbing material. When electromagnetic waves propagate among the carbon fibers, in addition to electromagnetic energy loss caused by the skin effect, part of the electromagnetic waves are scattered among the carbon fiber bundles to generate a phase cancellation-like phenomenon, so that the reflection of the electromagnetic waves can be reduced, and part of the energy of the electromagnetic waves can be consumed. However, continuous carbon fiber cloth has good electrical conductivity and can produce strong reflection effect on electromagnetic waves, so that the continuous carbon fiber cloth is often used for manufacturing a reflection layer of a wave-absorbing composite material with a layer-plate structure. At present, the research on the wave absorption performance of continuous carbon fibers is relatively less, and how to effectively apply the continuous carbon fibers to a laminated composite material and effectively widen the absorption bandwidth of the composite material is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of narrow absorption bandwidth and large thickness of the traditional layered plate type structural wave-absorbing composite material.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a wave-absorbing stealth composite material with a structure and function integrated continuous fiber resin matrix is formed by compounding a wave-transmitting layer, a wave-absorbing layer and a reflecting layer in sequence; wherein, the wave-transmitting layer is made of continuous fiber cloth with lower dielectric constant; the wave absorbing layer comprises a plurality of layers of glass fiber cloth, continuous carbon fiber bundles arranged in a grid shape are arranged among the glass fiber cloth at different intervals and different widths, and the carbon fiber bundles arranged in the grid shape on the adjacent upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth are arranged in a staggered mode at equal intervals; the reflecting layer is continuous carbon fiber cloth; the wave-transmitting layer, the wave-absorbing layer and the reflecting layer and the continuous fiber cloth of each layer are bonded by resin and are cured and molded, and the continuous carbon fiber bundles arranged in a grid manner among the glass fiber cloth and the glass fiber cloth are bonded by resin and are cured and molded. The thicknesses of the wave-transmitting layer, the wave-absorbing layer and the reflecting layer can be designed according to the mechanical property and the wave-absorbing property of the required composite material. The chessboard grid structure formed by the carbon fiber bundles between the composite material layers can avoid the strong reflection effect of continuous carbon fibers on electromagnetic waves, and can also make full use of the excellent electrical loss effect of the carbon fibers, and the macroscopic combination of the carbon fibers and the glass fibers is favorable for the multiple edge scattering of the electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic waves are more effectively consumed, the absorption capacity of the material on the electromagnetic waves is improved, the thickness of the composite material with the multilayer structure is favorably reduced, the light requirement can be met, and the electromagnetic wave loss performance can be effectively improved.
Further, the continuous fiber cloth with a low dielectric constant is one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and quartz fiber cloth. Preferably, the continuous fiber cloth with a low dielectric constant of the wave-transmitting layer is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth or glass fiber cloth.
Furthermore, when the wave-transmitting layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth and the thickness of the composite material is 3.5 mm, the maximum reflection loss RLmax = -17.51 dB, and the wave-absorbing frequency band of RL < -10 dB is from 10.32 to 17.72 GHz and can reach 7.4 GHz.
The wave-absorbing performance of the structure function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material is tested according to a GJB2038A-2011 RAM (radar wave-absorbing material) reflection arch method test method. The method comprises the following specific steps: the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material is made into a 180 x 3.5 mm plate, and the wave-absorbing performance is measured by an arch method and is as follows: the maximum reflection loss RLmax is-17.51 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -10 dB is from 10.32 GHz to 17.72 GHz and reaches 7.4 GHz.
Furthermore, when the wave-transmitting layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth and the thickness of the composite material is 4.5 mm, the maximum reflection loss RLmax of the composite material to electromagnetic waves reaches-25.8 dB.
Furthermore, the continuous carbon fiber bundles are fixed between the upper layer of glass fiber cloth and the lower layer of glass fiber cloth in an arrangement mode of different intervals and different widths, wherein the width of the single-bundle fiber bundles is 2 mm.
Furthermore, wave-absorbing functional particles are introduced to the glass fiber cloth of the wave-absorbing layer, so that the electromagnetic wave loss capability of the composite material is further improved by means of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, 1/4 wavelength loss and multiple scattering and edge scattering among the carbon fiber bundles through the matching of the continuous carbon fiber bundles arranged in an array in a staggered manner and the wave-absorbing functional particles; the wave-absorbing functional particles are prepared by coating resin added with the wave-absorbing functional particles on glass fiber cloth and curing.
Preferably, the wave-absorbing functional particles are ternary composite functional particles formed by compounding reduced graphene oxide, ferroferric oxide and polyaniline.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting continuous fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and continuous carbon fiber cloth with low dielectric constant selected for the wave-transmitting layer into length-width size required by a composite material, and selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with length respectively consistent with the length or width of the cut fiber cloth, wherein the width of the continuous carbon fiber bundles is 2 mm;
(2) Weighing and preparing resin glue solution according to the proportion;
(3) Laying a certain number of layers of glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1), laying continuous carbon fiber bundles with different intervals and different widths between any two layers of glass fiber cloth, brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that the upper layer of glass fiber cloth and the lower layer of glass fiber cloth as well as the carbon fiber bundles laid between the upper layer of glass fiber cloth and the lower layer of glass fiber cloth are bonded together, and finally obtaining a wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness;
(4) Laying a certain number of layers of the low-dielectric-constant continuous fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a mould, wherein the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) needs to be brushed on each layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with a designed thickness; then laying the wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (3); finally, laying a certain number of layers of carbon fiber cloth cut in the step (1) on a die, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; and then preparing the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material by a hot-press molding process.
When the wave-absorbing functional particles are introduced to the glass fiber cloth of the wave-absorbing layer, the preparation method of the structure-function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting low-dielectric-constant continuous fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and continuous carbon fiber cloth selected for the wave-transmitting layer into the length-width size required by the composite material, and selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with the lengths respectively consistent with the length or the width of the cut fiber cloth, wherein the width of the continuous carbon fiber bundles is 2 mm;
(2) Weighing and preparing resin glue solution according to the proportion;
(3) Adding wave-absorbing functional particles with required mass into the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) and uniformly mixing to obtain the resin glue solution added with the wave-absorbing functional particles;
(4) Brushing the resin glue solution added with the wave-absorbing functional particles prepared in the step (3) on the glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) to prepare single-layer wave-absorbing glass fiber cloth;
(5) Laying a certain number of layers of glass fiber cloth with wave absorbing performance prepared in the step (4), laying continuous carbon fiber bundles with different intervals and different widths between any two layers of glass fiber cloth, brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that the laid carbon fiber bundles and the upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth are bonded together, and finally obtaining a wave absorbing layer with designed thickness;
(6) Laying a certain number of layers of the low-dielectric-constant continuous fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a mould, wherein the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) needs to be brushed on each layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with a designed thickness; then laying the wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (5); finally, laying a certain number of layers of carbon fiber cloth cut in the step (1) on a die, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; and then preparing the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material by a hot-press molding process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the effective combination of the three-layer structure of the wave-transmitting layer, the wave-absorbing layer and the reflecting layer enables incident electromagnetic waves to enter the composite material to the maximum extent, and the composite material has good impedance matching performance and excellent wave-absorbing stealth performance.
The chessboard grid structure formed by the carbon fiber bundles among the composite material layers can avoid the strong reflection effect of continuous carbon fibers on electromagnetic waves, and can also make full use of the excellent electrical loss effect of the carbon fibers, and the macroscopic combination of the carbon fibers and the glass fibers is favorable for the multiple edge scattering of the electromagnetic waves, so that the electromagnetic waves are more effectively consumed, the absorption capacity of the material on the electromagnetic waves is improved, the thickness of the composite material with a multilayer structure is favorably reduced, the light requirement can be met, and the electromagnetic wave loss performance can also be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of carbon fiber bundles on each glass fiber cloth layer.
In the figure, black is a carbon fiber bundle, gray is a glass fiber, and the carbon fiber bundle is arranged in a grid at regular intervals.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite wave-absorbing layer.
The carbon fiber bundles on the upper layer of glass fiber cloth and the lower layer of glass fiber cloth are arranged in a staggered mode at equal intervals, namely the carbon fiber bundles on the upper layer of glass fiber cloth move upwards by the width n of one carbon fiber bundle transversely and rightwards and longitudinally on the basis of the carbon fiber bundles on the lower layer of glass fiber cloth, and the rest can be done in the same way.
FIG. 3 is a reflectivity test curve of the wave-absorbing composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a reflectivity test curve diagram of the wave-absorbing composite material prepared according to embodiment 2 of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a reflection rate test curve diagram of the wave-absorbing composite material prepared according to the embodiment 3 of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a reflectivity test curve of the wave-absorbing composite material prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Cutting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and carbon fiber cloth into pieces with the length multiplied by the width of 200 multiplied by 200mm, weighing 8 g, 200 g and 15 g respectively; selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with the length of the cut fiber cloth (namely 200 mm) and the width of 2 mm;
(2) Weighing 87 g of epoxy resin E51 and 48 g of curing agent polyether amine D400 according to the mass ratio of 1:0.55, uniformly mixing the epoxy resin E51 and the curing agent polyether amine D400, and then placing the mixture into a vacuum oven for defoaming at 85 ℃ for 10 min to obtain a resin glue solution;
(3) Laying the glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1), arranging a bundle of carbon fiber bundles obtained by cutting in the step (1) between any two layers of glass fiber cloth in a grid arrangement mode according to the interval of 10 mm in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, namely n =2 mm, and arranging the carbon fiber bundles on the adjacent upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth in a staggered manner, specifically, moving the carbon fiber bundle grid on the upper layer of glass fiber cloth to the right in the transverse direction and upwards in the longitudinal direction respectively by the width of one carbon fiber bundle (namely 2 mm) on the basis of the carbon fiber bundle grid on the lower layer of glass fiber cloth, and so on; laying 18 carbon fiber bundles in each layer; after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on the glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles to ensure that any two layers of glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles laid between the two layers of glass fiber cloth are bonded together; finally, laying six layers of glass fiber cloth and five layers of carbon fiber bundles to obtain a wave absorbing layer;
(4) Coating a mold release agent on a mold, laying two layers of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on the mold, and brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on each laid layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with the designed thickness; then laying the wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (3); finally, laying two layers of carbon fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a die, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; then, the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material is prepared by a hot-press molding process, wherein the hot-press process comprises the following steps: gelling at 90 ℃ for 30min, raising the temperature to 135 ℃, hot-pressing for two hours under 15 MPa, cooling and demoulding;
(5) The thickness of the composite material obtained after curing and forming is 3.5 mm, and the composite material is cut into 180 x 180 mm squares for subsequent performance testing.
The reflectivity of the composite material prepared in this example was measured by the bow method, and the resulting curve is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the test results, the maximum reflection loss RLmax = -22.4 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -10 dB for electromagnetic waves is 2.8 GHz (15.2-18 GHz).
Example 2
(1) Cutting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and carbon fiber cloth into pieces with the length multiplied by the width of 200 multiplied by 200mm, and weighing 8 g, 205 g and 15 g respectively; selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with the length of the cut fiber cloth (namely 200 mm) and the width of 2 mm;
(2) Weighing 90 g of epoxy resin E51 and 51 g of curing agent polyether amine D400 according to the mass ratio of 1;
(3) Laying the glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1), arranging two carbon fiber bundles obtained by cutting in the step (1) between any two layers of glass fiber cloth in a grid arrangement mode according to the interval of 20 mm in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, even if n =4 mm, and arranging the carbon fiber bundles on the adjacent upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth in a staggered mode, namely moving the carbon fiber bundle grid on the upper layer of glass fiber cloth by 4 mm in the transverse direction, the right direction and the longitudinal direction respectively on the basis of the carbon fiber bundle grid on the lower layer of glass fiber cloth, and so on; laying 18 carbon fiber bundles in each layer; brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on the glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that any two layers of glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles laid between the two layers of glass fiber cloth are bonded together; finally, laying six layers of glass fiber cloth and five layers of carbon fiber bundles to obtain a wave absorbing layer;
(4) Coating a mold release agent on a mold, laying two layers of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on the mold, and brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on each laid layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with the designed thickness; then laying the wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (3); finally, laying two layers of carbon fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a mould, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; then, the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material is prepared by a hot-press molding process, wherein the hot-press process comprises the following steps: gelling at 90 ℃ for 30min, raising the temperature to 135 ℃, carrying out hot pressing for two hours under the pressure of 15 MPa, cooling and demoulding;
(5) The thickness of the composite material obtained after curing and forming was 3.5 mm, and it was cut into 180 x 180 mm squares for subsequent performance testing.
The reflectivity of the composite material prepared in this example was measured by the bow method, and the resulting curve is shown in FIG. 4. From the test results, the maximum reflection loss RLmax = -37.7 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -10 dB for the electromagnetic wave is 5.72 GHz (12.28-18 GHz).
Example 3
(1) Cutting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and carbon fiber cloth into pieces with the length multiplied by the width of 200 multiplied by 200mm, weighing the pieces respectively to be 7.5 g, 203 g and 16 g; selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with the length of the cut fiber cloth (namely 200 mm) and the width of 2 mm;
(2) Weighing 92 g of epoxy resin E51 and 52 g of curing agent polyether amine D400 according to a mass ratio of 1;
(3) Laying the glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1), arranging three carbon fiber bundles obtained by cutting in the step (1) between any two layers of glass fiber cloth in a grid arrangement mode according to the interval of 30 mm in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, even if n =6 mm, and arranging the carbon fiber bundles on the adjacent upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth in a staggered mode, namely moving the carbon fiber bundle grid on the upper layer of glass fiber cloth by 6 mm in the transverse direction, the right direction and the longitudinal direction respectively on the basis of the carbon fiber bundle grid on the lower layer of glass fiber cloth, and so on; laying 18 carbon fiber bundles in each layer; brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on the glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that any two layers of glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles laid between the two layers of glass fiber cloth are bonded together; finally, laying six layers of glass fiber cloth and five layers of carbon fiber bundles to obtain a wave absorbing layer;
(4) Coating a mold release agent on a mold, laying two layers of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on the mold, and brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on each laid layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with the designed thickness; then laying the wave absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (3); finally, laying two layers of carbon fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a mould, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; then, the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material is prepared by a hot-press molding process, wherein the hot-press process comprises the following steps: gelling at 90 ℃ for 30min, raising the temperature to 135 ℃, carrying out hot pressing for two hours under 15 MPa, cooling and demoulding;
(5) The thickness of the composite material obtained after curing and forming is 3.5 mm, and the composite material is cut into 180 x 180 mm squares for subsequent performance testing.
The reflectivity of the composite material prepared in this example was measured by the bow method, and the resulting curve is shown in fig. 5. According to the test results, the wave-absorbing bandwidth continues to increase along with the increase of the width and the interval of the carbon fiber bundle, and double-peak absorption occurs, the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -10 dB reaches the maximum of 7.4 GHz (10.32-17.72 GHz), and the maximum reflection loss RLmax for electromagnetic waves is = -17.5 dB.
Example 4
(1) Cutting ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and carbon fiber cloth into pieces with the length multiplied by the width of 200 multiplied by 200mm, and weighing 7 g, 203 g and 16 g respectively; selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with the length of the cut fiber cloth (namely 200 mm) and the width of 2 mm;
(2) Weighing 98 g of epoxy resin E51 and 54 g of curing agent polyether amine D400 according to a mass ratio of 1;
(3) Preparing the reduced graphene oxide, ferroferric oxide and polyaniline ternary composite functional particles. First, 3.6 g FeCl was weighed 2 ·4H 2 O and 6.1 g FeCl 3 ·6H 2 Dissolving O, ultrasonic dissolving in 90 mL deionized water, heating to 50 deg.C in water bath, adding 92.5 mL NaOH water solution (53.6 mg/mL) dropwise into the above mixed solution, reacting at 50 deg.C for 90 min, cooling to room temperature, and separating Fe with magnet 3 O 4 (ii) a Obtained Fe 3 O 4 Washing with deionized water for 3-5 times to remove unreacted materials; then the obtained Fe 3 O 4 Dispersed in 120 mL of deionized water to form stable Fe 3 O 4 Suspension (62.3 mg/mL);
0.93 g of aniline and 2.28 g of ammonium persulfate were dissolved in 10 mL of a 1M hydrochloric acid (HCI) solution, respectively, and the mixed solution was reacted at 20 ℃ for 1 hour with vigorous stirring. After the reaction is finished, filtering and washing the dark green solution by using water and methanol to remove excessive ammonium persulfate and aniline oligomers until the filtrate is colorless; finally, the sample was dispersed in deionized water to give a stable PANI solution (16.2 mg/mL);
dissolve 0.5 g polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in 400 mL GO water solution (2.5 mg/mL); 10 mixing mL of hydrazine hydrate with 20 mL of ethanol, adding the mixture into the GO mixed solution under vigorous stirring, reacting for 3 hours at 80 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished to obtain a stably dispersed PVP-rGO dispersion liquid;
in the presence of ultrasonic and mechanical agitationThen, fe 3 O 4 Preparing a mixed solution from the solution, the PVP-rGO dispersion solution and the PANI solution according to the mass fraction of 7;
(4) Adding 30 g of wave-absorbing functional particles into the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) according to the proportion of 7.5 percent of the mass fraction of the composite material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the resin glue solution added with the wave-absorbing functional particles;
(5) Brushing the resin glue solution added with the wave-absorbing functional particles prepared in the step (4) on the glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) to prepare single-layer wave-absorbing glass fiber cloth;
(6) Laying a certain number of layers of glass fiber cloth with the wave absorbing function prepared in the step (5), arranging a carbon fiber bundle obtained by cutting in the step (1) in a grid arrangement mode according to the distance of 10 mm in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction between any two layers of glass fiber cloth, even if n =2 mm, and arranging the carbon fiber bundles on the adjacent upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth in a staggered mode, namely moving the carbon fiber bundle grid on the upper layer of glass fiber cloth to the right and the longitudinal direction respectively by the distance (namely 2 mm) of the width of the carbon fiber bundle on the basis of the carbon fiber bundle grid on the lower layer of glass fiber cloth, and so on; laying 18 carbon fiber bundles in each layer; brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on the glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that any two layers of glass fiber cloth and the carbon fiber bundles laid between the two layers of glass fiber cloth are bonded together; finally, laying six layers of glass fiber cloth and five layers of carbon fiber bundles to obtain a wave absorbing layer;
(7) Coating a mold release agent on a mold, laying two layers of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on the mold, and brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) on each laid layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with a designed thickness; then laying the wave absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (6); finally, laying two layers of carbon fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a die, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; then, the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material is prepared by a hot-press molding process, wherein the hot-press process comprises the following steps: gelling at 90 ℃ for 30min, raising the temperature to 135 ℃, hot-pressing for two hours at 15 MPa, cooling and demoulding;
(8) The thickness of the composite material obtained after curing and forming was 4.5 mm, and the composite material was cut into 180 × 180 mm squares for subsequent performance testing.
The reflectivity of the composite material prepared in this example was measured by the bow method, and the resulting curve is shown in fig. 6. According to the test results, under the combined action of the carbon fiber bundles and the wave-absorbing functional particles, the maximum reflection loss RLmax of the composite material for electromagnetic waves is = -25.8 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth of RL < -10 dB is 4.46 GHz (6.84-11.3 GHz).
Claims (9)
1. The wave-absorbing stealth composite material is characterized by being formed by sequentially compounding a wave-transmitting layer, a wave-absorbing layer and a reflecting layer; wherein, the wave-transmitting layer is made of continuous fiber cloth with lower dielectric constant; the wave absorbing layer comprises a plurality of layers of glass fiber cloth, latticed continuous carbon fiber bundles arranged at different intervals and different widths are arranged between the glass fiber cloth, and the carbon fiber bundles arranged on the upper and lower layers of the glass fiber cloth at equal intervals are arranged in a staggered manner; the reflecting layer is continuous carbon fiber cloth; the wave-transmitting layer, the wave-absorbing layer and the reflecting layer and the continuous fiber cloth of each layer are bonded by resin and are cured and molded, and the continuous carbon fiber bundles arranged in a grid manner among the glass fiber cloth and the glass fiber cloth are bonded by resin and are cured and molded.
2. The structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous fiber cloth with a lower dielectric constant is one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and quartz fiber cloth.
3. The structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that when the wave-transmitting layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth and the thickness of the composite material is 3.5 mm, the wave-absorbing frequency band with the maximum reflection loss RLmax = -17.51 dB and RL < -10 dB is from 10.32 to 17.72 GHz and can reach 7.4 GHz.
4. The structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the wave-transmitting layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cloth and the thickness of the composite material is 4.5 mm, the maximum reflection loss RLmax of the composite material to electromagnetic waves reaches-25.8 dB.
5. The structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the continuous carbon fiber bundles are fixed between the upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth in an arrangement manner of different intervals and different widths, wherein the width of a single fiber bundle is 2 mm.
6. The preparation method of the structural-function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cutting continuous fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and continuous carbon fiber cloth with low dielectric constant selected for the wave-transmitting layer into length-width size required by a composite material, and selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with length respectively consistent with the length or width of the cut fiber cloth, wherein the width of the continuous carbon fiber bundles is 2 mm;
(2) Weighing and preparing resin glue solution according to the proportion;
(3) Laying a certain number of layers of glass fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1), laying continuous carbon fiber bundles with different intervals and different widths between any two layers of glass fiber cloth, brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that the upper layer of glass fiber cloth and the lower layer of glass fiber cloth as well as the carbon fiber bundles laid between the upper layer of glass fiber cloth and the lower layer of glass fiber cloth are bonded together, and finally obtaining a wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness;
(4) Laying a certain number of layers of the low-dielectric-constant continuous fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a mold, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with a designed thickness; then laying the wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (3); finally, laying a certain number of layers of carbon fiber cloth cut in the step (1) on a die, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; and then preparing the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material by a hot-press molding process.
7. The structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that wave-absorbing functional particles are introduced to the glass fiber cloth of the wave-absorbing layer, so that the electromagnetic wave loss capability of the composite material is further improved by means of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, 1/4 wavelength loss and multiple scattering and edge scattering between carbon fiber bundles through the cooperation of the continuous carbon fiber bundles and the wave-absorbing functional particles which are arranged in an array in a staggered manner; the wave-absorbing functional particles are prepared by coating resin added with the wave-absorbing functional particles on glass fiber cloth and curing.
8. The structural-function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material of claim 7 is characterized in that the wave-absorbing functional particles are ternary composite functional particles formed by compounding reduced graphene oxide, ferroferric oxide and polyaniline.
9. The preparation method of the structural-function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cutting low-dielectric-constant continuous fiber cloth, glass fiber cloth and continuous carbon fiber cloth selected for the wave-transmitting layer into the length-width size required by the composite material, and selecting continuous carbon fiber bundles with the lengths respectively consistent with the length or the width of the cut fiber cloth, wherein the width of the continuous carbon fiber bundles is 2 mm;
(2) Weighing and preparing resin glue solution according to the proportion;
(3) Adding wave-absorbing functional particles with required mass into the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) and uniformly mixing to obtain the resin glue solution added with the wave-absorbing functional particles;
(4) Brushing the resin glue solution added with the wave-absorbing functional particles prepared in the step (3) on the glass fiber cloth cut in the step (1) to prepare single-layer wave-absorbing glass fiber cloth;
(5) Laying a certain number of layers of glass fiber cloth with wave absorbing performance prepared in the step (4), laying continuous carbon fiber bundles with different intervals and different widths between any two layers of glass fiber cloth, brushing the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) after the carbon fiber bundles are arranged, so that the laid carbon fiber bundles and the upper and lower layers of glass fiber cloth are bonded together, and finally obtaining a wave absorbing layer with designed thickness;
(6) Laying a certain number of layers of the low-dielectric-constant continuous fiber cloth obtained by cutting in the step (1) on a mould, wherein the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) needs to be brushed on each layer to obtain a wave-transmitting layer with a designed thickness; then laying the wave-absorbing layer with the designed thickness obtained in the step (5); finally, laying a certain number of layers of carbon fiber cloth cut in the step (1) on a die, wherein each layer is coated with the resin glue solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain a reflecting layer with a designed thickness; and then preparing the structural function integrated continuous fiber resin-based wave-absorbing stealth composite material with the wave-absorbing function particles introduced into the glass fiber cloth of the wave-absorbing layer by a hot-press molding process.
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