CN111181625B - HTS satellite payload radio frequency domain implementation method based on N-active framework - Google Patents
HTS satellite payload radio frequency domain implementation method based on N-active framework Download PDFInfo
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- CN111181625B CN111181625B CN201911381729.7A CN201911381729A CN111181625B CN 111181625 B CN111181625 B CN 111181625B CN 201911381729 A CN201911381729 A CN 201911381729A CN 111181625 B CN111181625 B CN 111181625B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
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- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
Abstract
The method for realizing the effective load radio frequency domain of the HTS satellite based on the N-active framework specifically comprises the following steps: (1) determining the frequency range of a feed beam and the frequency range of a user beam according to available frequency resources provided by each downlink frequency band on an HTS satellite communication link, and designing and calculating the maximum envelope BW of the working bandwidth of a single user beam; (2) determining that a single user beam is managed by several gateway stations in an HTS satellite communication system; (3) designing an HTS satellite load forward feed shunt topological structure; (4) designing a forward feed shunt synthetic network topological structure; (5) carrying out payload scheme design according to the forward feed shunt synthetic network; (6) designing a feed shunt topological structure of an HTS satellite load return link; (7) designing a return link shunting synthesis network topological structure; (8) and carrying out payload scheme design according to the return link shunt synthesis network. The invention realizes a load scheme based on an N-active system framework in the field of radio frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite effective loads, and relates to a method for realizing a radio frequency domain of a satellite effective load.
Background
The high-flux communication satellite system is multi-beam double-hop communication, the general frequency is planned in a Ka frequency band, and in recent years, a feed link gradually develops to a millimeter wave Q/V frequency band so as to meet two-way satellite multimedia services such as high-speed satellite communication, broadband digital transmission and the like. However, the rainfall attenuation amount of the Q/V frequency band is large, if the influence of attenuation is overcome by a fixed system margin, huge waste of power resources and increase of communication cost are caused in clear sky, and complete compensation cannot be obtained under the condition of large attenuation, so that the system performance is deteriorated, and even communication interruption is caused. If the traditional rain attenuation resisting mode of uplink power modulation and adaptive coding adjustment is adopted, only 10-15 dB of channel compensation can be provided, the measures cannot meet the requirement of the availability of a Q/V frequency band high-flux satellite, and therefore other measures must be adopted to compensate rain attenuation.
The space diversity technology is an effective measure for solving the problem of channel rain attenuation resistance, and the existing high-throughput satellite communication system adopts an N + P system framework to realize space diversity. In the framework, the system mainly uses N gateway stations and has P standby gateway stations. Each master gateway station manages a plurality of user beams. When a certain gateway station is interrupted due to rainfall attenuation, the communication management of user beams is carried out by switching to a backup station. When the load realizes an N + P system framework, a loop switching matrix formed by mechanical switches is generally added at a feed access end and a transmitting end to realize gating of a main gateway station and a standby gateway station, the loss of a Ka frequency band caused by the switching matrix can cause about 0.5dB reduction of G/T and EIRP, and the performance reduction of a Q/V frequency band caused by the switching matrix can further increase to about 0.7 dB.
In the Q/V frequency band, space attenuation caused by rainfall is serious, and the increase of the backup station for improving the availability of the system also causes the increase of investment cost. The N-active intelligent gateway station technology researched in the international latest research is a space diversity technology which is very suitable for resisting rain attenuation in a Q/V frequency band. However, the N-acitve system framework adds extremely high complexity and great technical difficulty to the design of space satellite loads, and is not realized in engineering. There is a current international trend to implement the N-active system architecture using digital transparent forwarding (DTP) technology, but the DTP technology requires the implementation of switched communications between one user and multiple gateway stations in the digital domain in a satellite payload, and on the one hand, the payload is converted from Ka or Q/V feed frequency to the digital domain at baseband frequency, and this conversion operation requires a lot of equipment. On the other hand, the channelized switching equipment for realizing digital transparent forwarding needs to process all frequencies of power feed inbound and outbound, the total bandwidth for processing a super-large-capacity satellite system is 50-100 GHz, and the total bandwidth for processing a very-high-throughput communication system is more than 200GHz, so that the bandwidth processing capacity of the scale provides a strict test for component performance requirements, equipment weight, power consumption and heat consumption, and the manufacturing cost is far higher than that of a common HTS communication load.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method is realized by a passive topological structure at a low-power end, does not increase power consumption and heat consumption, does not reduce the receiving quality parameter G/T and the transmitting parameter EIRP of the load, and enables the N-active system framework to be applied to the HTS communication satellite.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an HTS satellite payload radio frequency domain implementation method based on an N-active framework comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the frequency range of a feed beam and the frequency range of a user beam according to available frequency resources provided by each downlink frequency band on an HTS satellite communication link, and designing and calculating the maximum envelope BW of the working bandwidth of a single user beam;
(2) determining that a single user beam is managed by several gateway stations in an HTS satellite communication system;
(3) designing an HTS satellite load forward feed shunt topological structure according to the conditions of the steps (1) and (2);
(4) designing a forward feed shunt synthetic network topological structure;
(5) carrying out payload scheme design according to the forward feed shunt synthetic network;
(6) designing a feed shunt topological structure of an HTS satellite load return link;
(7) designing a return link shunting synthesis network topological structure;
(8) and carrying out payload scheme design according to the return link shunt synthesis network.
In the step (2), the single user beam is selected and managed by 2-N gateway stations together, wherein N is the total number of the gateway stations.
The bandwidth of the single user beam is divided into N sub-bands, and the bandwidth of each sub-band is BW/N, that is, each gateway station provides a management resource with the bandwidth of BW/N for the user beam.
The step (3) of designing the HTS satellite load forward feed shunt topology specifically includes: assuming that the frequency of a user beam is F1, the user beam enters a repeater system from the feed ends of N gateway stations managing the user, and for each gateway station, F1 is divided into N sub-bands through a microwave multiplexer, and the corresponding frequencies are F1-1, F1-2, F1-3 and … F1-N respectively, so that a forward feed shunt topology is formed.
The forward feed shunt synthetic network topological structure or the return link shunt synthetic network topological structure is realized by adopting a microwave hybrid bridge.
The forward feed shunt synthesis network topology structure specifically comprises: on the basis of a forward feed shunt topology, N same-frequency feed signals are distributed and recombined to synthesize N new F1 signals, and each newly synthesized F1 signal is composed of feed signals from N gateway stations.
The scheme design of the effective load according to the forward feed shunt synthetic network specifically comprises the following steps:
(51) dividing all user beam information received by each of N gateway stations into a left-hand circular polarization part and a right-hand circular polarization part according to different polarization modes, filtering and removing impurities of the user beam information polarized by each part through a preselector, and sending the user beam information polarized by each part into a low-noise amplifier for amplification;
(52) and splitting the amplified user beam information into a plurality of user sub-beams through a multiplexer, wherein the number of the sub-beams and the number of the user beams meet the following requirements: the number of the sub-beams is the number of the user beams and the number of the gateway stations N;
(53) combining the sub-beam information of the users with the same frequency and the same polarization mode from different gateway stations through a shunt synthesis network to form user beam information;
(54) and the combined user beam information is subjected to signal amplification processing through a traveling wave tube amplifier and then is sent to the user side to finish the communication process.
The method for designing the payload scheme according to the return link shunt synthetic network specifically comprises the following steps:
(81) the received user beam information is firstly filtered by a preselector and then sent to a low-noise amplifier for amplification, and then the amplified user beam information is split into N parts by a multiplexer, and the beam information of different users is split;
(82) combining the split sub-beams through a combiner according to the user attribution to form a plurality of user synthesized beams, wherein the number of the synthesized beams is equal to the number of the user beams;
(83) and carrying out secondary synthesis on the user beam information through a frequency converter and a combiner, amplifying the combined user beam information through an amplifier, and then sending the amplified user beam information to a user side to finish the communication process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method of the invention utilizes the characteristic of wide band of a user wave band of an HTS satellite system to expand the granularity of signal shunting, so that the shunting, filtering, switching, synthesizing and the like on radio frequency become realizable technical paths. The frequency converter configured by the method is one half of DTP, and the requirements on resources such as weight, power consumption, heat consumption and the like of the whole satellite are low. In addition, when the total feed bandwidth of a plurality of gateway stations is increased sharply to dozens of GHz or even hundreds of GHz, the DTP is limited by the performance of components, and a plurality of devices need to be configured to realize the switching function, so that the platform requirement is extremely high. The method is not limited by devices, and the development cost is far lower than that of the DTP technology;
(2) the invention realizes the exchange communication between a user beam and a plurality of gateway stations in an HTS satellite communication system in a radio frequency domain by utilizing the shunt synthesis network technology of the effective load, and realizes the management of the plurality of gateway stations on the single user beam. The method does not need to be realized in a digital domain, and can enable an N-active system architecture to become an achievable technology in a VHTS system with Gbps magnitude. When the feed link channel attenuation is increased due to weather change in the satellite-ground link, the shunt synthesis network technology of the satellite load configuration can enable the user beam to still keep communication with the gateway station with good other channels, thereby ensuring uninterrupted communication, reducing the interference on the beam information of the user to the minimum and greatly improving the system availability;
(3) the method provided by the invention has clear principle and simple planning, supports the deployment of early gradual configuration of the gateway stations on one hand, namely the system can be operated by configuring a few gateway stations on the ground at the initial stage of system establishment, and gradually configures more ground gateway stations to access the system subsequently along with the increase of the traffic, thereby saving the operation cost; on one hand, the availability of the system can be improved after the system is completely built, the system communication is not interrupted when heavy rainfall is kept, and the user link can still communicate; finally, the system framework is flexibly converted from an N-active to an N + P system framework by configuring a proper switching path at the periphery of the synthesis shunt network. Good benefits and communication services can be enjoyed for operators and users at the initial stage, the middle stage and the later stage of system construction;
(4) the method divides a user beam into a plurality of user sub-beams which are respectively handed to a plurality of gateway stations for simultaneous management, and transmits user information to the plurality of gateway stations, if a certain gateway station has a link interruption condition, only a part of user beam information is lost for one user beam, but the connection between the user and the gateway stations can not be completely broken, the communication can not be realized, the system interruption rate can be effectively reduced, and the availability of the system can be improved.
(5) The method of the invention can disperse the communication channel interruption or loss caused by serious rain attenuation, disperse continuous loss into a plurality of user sub-beams, and avoid that all communication of a user is completely interrupted because a single user beam suffers the loss of the communication channel. Because each user sub-beam is frequency-divided, each user can still receive the corresponding communication information. The communication quality of the user is ensured, and reliable satellite communication service is provided for the user.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a corresponding relationship between user beams and gateway stations in clear sky with different system architectures;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of communication bandwidth during rainfall for two system architectures;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the feed forward shunt topology of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a topology of a feed forward shunt synthetic network according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a forward load design of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a return link shunt topology of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a topology structure diagram of the return feed shunt synthetic network of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a design of the reverse load of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, which is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, the main steps are as follows:
step 1: frequency planning of HTS satellite loads is first performed. Determining the frequency range of the feed beam and the frequency range of the user beam according to available frequency resources provided by each downlink frequency band on the satellite communication link, and designing and calculating the maximum envelope BW of the working bandwidth of a single user beam.
For different frequency bands, the ITU has corresponding regulations for communication frequencies, and the countries where the landing areas covered by the satellites are located have certain regulations. For emerging HTS satellite systems, when both the feed and the subscribers use the Ka band, typically 29.5 GHz-30 GHz and 19.7 GHz-20.2 GHz are used for the uplink and downlink frequencies of the subscribers, and 27.5 GHz-29.5 GHz and 17.7 GHz-19.7 GHz are used for the uplink and downlink frequencies of the feed.
Step 2: it is determined that in an HTS satellite communication system, a single user beam is managed by several gateway stations.
In an N-active system, assuming a total of N gateway stations, a single user beam may be selected to be managed by 2 to N gateway stations together. If the number of gateway stations managing a single user beam is N, the bandwidth of the single user beam is divided into N sub-bands, the sub-bands can be divided into unequal bandwidths according to requirements, for convenience, the equal bandwidth division is taken as an example, the bandwidth of each sub-band is BW/N, that is, each gateway station provides a management resource with the bandwidth of BW/N for the user beam.
A comparison between the N + P system architecture and the N-active system architecture in the clear sky state is shown in fig. 2 (N ═ 4). In the case of heavy rain, the satellite-ground channel is affected, the quality of the communication link is greatly reduced, and even the link is interrupted. In the N + P scheme, if a link interruption occurs in a gateway station communicating with a satellite due to rain degradation, all communication channels managed by the gateway station are lost, that is, all managed user beams are lost, and all network connections of the user terminals are disconnected and unable to communicate. In the N-active scheme, when a certain gateway station is affected by rainfall attenuation, the communication channel managed by the gateway station is also completely lost, but since a user beam bandwidth is divided into N sub-bands, only the sub-band managed by the gateway station is subject to communication interruption, while the communication channels of other gateway stations are not affected and can still normally communicate, that is, only a part (1/N) of the user beam bandwidth is lost for a user beam, and the (N-1)/N bandwidth still has communication capability.
A comparison of the two regimes at rainfall conditions is shown in figure 3 (N-4). According to the calculation of the N + P scheme, one gateway station manages a plurality of user beams, and from the perspective of a single user beam, when the communication link is affected by rain attenuation, the interruption phenomenon occurs, so that the loss of the total capacity of the beam is 100%. The calculation is performed according to the N-active scheme, assuming that N is 4, i.e. 4 gateway stations manage the same user beam at the same time, the total capacity of the user beam is lost 1/4 if the communication link of one of the gateway stations is affected and interrupted under the influence of rain fade. It is easy to see that the larger the number N of gateway stations managing a user beam, i.e. the more gateway stations managing a user beam at the same time, the less the capacity loss of the user beam.
And step 3: and (3) designing the forward feed shunt topology of the HTS satellite load according to the conditions of the steps 1 and 2.
It can be known from steps 1 and 2 that each gateway station manages a plurality of user sub-beams, assuming that the frequencies of signals entering the repeater system from the feed terminals of different gateway stations are all F1, when passing through the microwave quadruplex, F1 is divided into 4 sub-bands, the corresponding frequencies are respectively F1-1, F1-2, F1-3 and F1-4, the bandwidth corresponding to each frequency can be adjusted, and for convenience of description, the bandwidths of four channels after frequency division are defined to be the same. The same is done for F1 entering the repeater from the feed end of the gateway station 2, 3, 4, resulting in a feed forward shunt topology as shown in figure 4.
And 4, step 4: and designing a forward feed shunt synthetic network topological structure.
On the basis of a forward feed shunt topology, a plurality of same-frequency feed signals are distributed and recombined to synthesize a plurality of new F1 signals.
Each of the newly synthesized F1 signals is composed of feed signals from the gateway stations 1, 2, 3, 4 together, and the specific topology is shown in fig. 5, and the synthesizing network is realized by a microwave hybrid bridge.
And 5: and carrying out payload scheme design according to the forward feed shunt synthesis network.
As shown in particular in figure 6 of the drawings,
(51) all user beam information received by each of the N gateway stations is divided into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization according to different polarization modes. The polarized user beam information of each part is filtered and removed by a preselector and then sent to a low noise amplifier for amplification processing. In order to ensure the effectiveness of communication load and prevent the failure of the whole satellite communication caused by the fault of a circuit, a switching matrix scheme is introduced into a low-noise amplifier branch circuit for backup protection.
(52) And splitting the amplified user beam information into a plurality of user sub-beams through a shunt network, wherein the number of the sub-beams is matched with the number of the user beams, namely the number of the sub-beams is equal to the number of the user beams and the number of the gateway stations.
(53) And combining the sub-user beam information of the same frequency and the same polarization mode from different gateway stations through a shunt synthesis network to form complete user beam information.
(54) And carrying out frequency conversion processing on the combined user beam information through a frequency converter, then carrying out signal amplification processing through a traveling wave tube amplifier, and then sending to the user side to finish the communication process.
Step 6: and designing an HTS satellite load return link shunt topological structure.
Similar to step 3, each user beam comprises a plurality of user sub-beams, assuming that the frequencies of signals entering the repeater system from different receiving antennas are all F1, F1 is divided into 4 sub-bands when passing through the microwave quadroplexer, the corresponding frequencies are F1-1, F1-2, F1-3 and F1-4, and the bandwidth corresponding to each frequency can be adjusted. The same is done for user beam A, B, C, D, resulting in a return link splitting topology as shown in fig. 7.
And 7: and designing a network topology structure synthesized by shunting return links.
The topology structure of the return link branching synthesis network is the same as that of the forward link, signals from different user beams are firstly subjected to branching processing through a multiplexer, each beam is divided into N paths, then the branching network is subjected to redistribution again, sub-beams from different users are subjected to switching synthesis to form a plurality of new user beams F1, and then the new user beams F1 are sent to different gateway stations, so that the switching function between the user beams and the different gateway stations is realized.
The reverse topology network and the forward topology network are the reverse processes, as shown in fig. 8.
And 8: and carrying out payload scheme design according to the return shunt synthetic network.
As shown in particular in figure 9 of the drawings,
(81) the received user beam information is firstly filtered by the preselector and then sent to the low-noise amplifier for amplification, so that in order to ensure the effectiveness of communication load and prevent the failure of the whole satellite communication caused by the failure of a circuit, a ring backup scheme is introduced into a low-noise amplifier branch circuit for backup protection. And splitting the amplified user beam information into N parts through a shunt network, and splitting the user beam information with different frequencies.
(82) And performing exchange synthesis on the split sub-beams according to frequency to form a plurality of user synthesized beams, wherein the number of the synthesized beams is equal to that of the user beams.
(83) And carrying out secondary synthesis on the user beam information through a frequency converter and a combiner, amplifying the combined user beam information through an amplifier, and then sending the amplified user beam information to a plurality of gateway stations to finish the communication process.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (7)
1. An HTS satellite payload radio frequency domain implementation method based on an N-active framework is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the frequency range of a feed beam and the frequency range of a user beam according to available frequency resources provided by each downlink frequency band on an HTS satellite communication link, and designing and calculating the maximum envelope BW of the working bandwidth of a single user beam;
(2) determining that a single user beam is managed by several gateway stations in an HTS satellite communication system;
(3) designing an HTS satellite load forward feed shunt topological structure according to the conditions of the steps (1) and (2);
(4) designing a forward feed shunt synthetic network topological structure;
(5) carrying out payload scheme design according to the forward feed shunt synthetic network, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(51) dividing all user beam information received by each of N gateway stations into a left-hand circular polarization part and a right-hand circular polarization part according to different polarization modes, filtering and removing impurities of the user beam information polarized by each part through a preselector, and sending the user beam information polarized by each part into a low-noise amplifier for amplification;
(52) and splitting the amplified user beam information into a plurality of user sub-beams through a multiplexer, wherein the number of the sub-beams and the number of the user beams meet the following requirements: the number of the sub-beams is the number of the user beams and the number of the gateway stations N;
(53) combining the sub-beam information of the users with the same frequency and the same polarization mode from different gateway stations through a shunt synthesis network to form user beam information;
(54) the combined user beam information is subjected to signal amplification processing through a traveling wave tube amplifier and then is sent to a user end to complete a communication process;
(6) designing a feed shunt topological structure of an HTS satellite load return link;
(7) designing a return link shunting synthesis network topological structure;
(8) and carrying out payload scheme design according to the return link shunt synthesis network.
2. The N-active architecture-based HTS satellite payload radio-frequency domain implementation method of claim 1, characterized by: in the step (2), the single user beam is selected and managed by 2-N gateway stations together, wherein N is the total number of the gateway stations.
3. The N-active architecture based HTS satellite payload radio-frequency domain implementation method of claim 2, characterized by: the bandwidth of the single user beam is divided into N sub-bands, and the bandwidth of each sub-band is BW/N, that is, each gateway station provides a management resource with the bandwidth of BW/N for the user beam.
4. The N-active architecture based HTS satellite payload RF domain implementation method of claim 3, wherein: the step (3) of designing the HTS satellite load forward feed shunt topology specifically includes: assuming that the frequency of a user beam is F1, the user beam enters a repeater system from the feed ends of N gateway stations managing the user, and for each gateway station, F1 is divided into N sub-bands through a microwave multiplexer, and the corresponding frequencies are F1-1, F1-2, F1-3 and … F1-N respectively, so that a forward feed shunt topology is formed.
5. The N-active architecture-based HTS satellite payload radio-frequency domain implementation method of claim 1, characterized by: the forward feed shunt synthetic network topological structure or the return link shunt synthetic network topological structure is realized by adopting a microwave hybrid bridge.
6. The N-active architecture based HTS satellite payload RF domain implementation method of claim 4, wherein: the forward feed shunt synthesis network topology structure specifically comprises: on the basis of a forward feed shunt topology, N same-frequency feed signals are distributed and recombined to synthesize N new F1 signals, and each newly synthesized F1 signal is composed of feed signals from N gateway stations.
7. The N-active architecture-based HTS satellite payload radio-frequency domain implementation method of claim 1, characterized by: the method for designing the payload scheme according to the return link shunt synthetic network specifically comprises the following steps:
(71) the received user beam information is firstly filtered by a preselector and then sent to a low-noise amplifier for amplification, and then the amplified user beam information is split into N parts by a multiplexer, and the beam information of different users is split;
(72) combining the split sub-beams through a combiner according to the user attribution to form a plurality of user synthesized beams, wherein the number of the synthesized beams is equal to the number of the user beams;
(73) and carrying out secondary synthesis on the user beam information through a frequency converter and a combiner, amplifying the combined user beam information through an amplifier, and then sending the amplified user beam information to a user side to finish the communication process.
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