CN114039642B - High-speed Ka frequency band repeater system with large bandwidth and adjustable frequency - Google Patents
High-speed Ka frequency band repeater system with large bandwidth and adjustable frequency Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
A high-speed Ka frequency band repeater system with large bandwidth and adjustable frequency. Belonging to the research fields of relay satellite communication and the like. Comprising the following steps: ka input pre-selector, input loop backup switch matrix, 26GHz Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA), frequency conversion selection loop backup switch matrix, 26/4GHz down-converter, 4GHz broadband filter, output loop backup switch matrix, 4/20GHz up-converter, 20GHz traveling wave tube Amplifier, 20GHz isolator, ka frequency band output multiplexer, and high-stability frequency source and power divider for providing 10MHz frequency reference for frequency converter. The invention is suitable for Ka frequency band large bandwidth (2.5 GHz) requirement required by the user spacecraft, is suitable for four different frequency band signals, has two-stage frequency conversion mode and local oscillation regulating function, and can economically and flexibly realize high-speed data relay forwarding requirement of the user spacecraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the research fields of satellite communication, satellite high-speed data transmission and the like, and particularly relates to a transponder technology of a tracking and data relay satellite. In particular to a high-speed Ka frequency band repeater system with large bandwidth and adjustable frequency.
Background
The tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS, tracking and Data Relay Satellite) is one of communication satellites, and is mainly used for providing high-speed data relay and measurement and control services for user spacecrafts such as satellites, airships and the like, so that the real-time downloading capability of various user spacecrafts is greatly improved, and the use efficiency and emergency capability of the user spacecrafts are greatly enhanced. TDRS is a significant breakthrough of the 20 th century aerospace measurement and control communication technology, and is called a satellite, and the design idea of the satellite is fundamentally solving the problem of high coverage rate of measurement and control and communication, and has high economic benefit.
The transponder system is a main component of the effective load of the communication satellite, and is responsible for amplifying satellite communication signals received by the antenna with low noise, converting, processing and amplifying with high power, and then transmitting the satellite communication signals to the transmitting antenna for external radiation. The conventional communication satellite repeater mainly comprises a low noise amplifier, a receiver, a multiplexer, a switch matrix, a high power amplifier and an output multiplexer. Because the relay satellite transponder needs to finish the high-speed data relay requirement of the user spacecraft, the terminal frequencies used by different user spacecraft at present are different, in the range of 25-27.5 GHz, four frequency bands of F1/F2/F3/F4 are provided, the bandwidth is 450MHz, the data rate is very high, and the transponder needs to have good adaptability to high-bandwidth Ka signals with different frequencies, and the signal diagram is shown in figure 1 in detail.
Most of traditional communication satellite repeaters are only one-stage frequency conversion, do not have the function of frequency adjustment, have insufficient bandwidth and frequency adaptability required by a relay satellite, and cannot meet the use requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a high-speed Ka frequency band repeater system with large bandwidth and adjustable frequency, and solves the technical problem by designing a new Ka frequency band repeater. The designed transponder comprises: ka input pre-selector, input loop backup switch matrix, 26GHz Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA), frequency conversion selection loop backup switch matrix, 26/4GHz down-converter, 4GHz broadband filter, output loop backup switch matrix, 4/20GHz up-converter, 20GHz traveling wave tube Amplifier, 20GHz isolator, ka frequency band output multiplexer, and high-stability frequency source and power divider for providing 10MHz frequency reference for frequency converter.
The repeater is aimed at two paths of high-speed signals (two can be any two in the four frequency band ranges of F1/F2/F3/F4) sent from a user spacecraft, and the signals are subjected to broadband filtering through two Ka input preselectors and then sent to an input loop backup switch matrix for selecting which two 26GHz low-noise amplifiers are used for low-noise amplification of the signals; the 26GHz low-noise amplifier is connected with a frequency conversion selection ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting two of four following 26/4GHz down converters to amplify 26GHz signals to a C frequency band of 4GHz in a frequency conversion mode, wherein the 26/4GHz down converters have a frequency adjusting function, the input of the 26/4GHz down converters is any broadband signal in a frequency band range, the frequency band of the signals output to the C frequency band can be kept unchanged through local oscillation adjustment, and the local oscillation adjusting function is realized through remote control instructions; the 26/4GHz down converter is connected with a 4GHz broadband filter and is used for finely filtering signals converted into a C frequency band in a use bandwidth; the 4GHz broadband filter is connected to the output ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting which two output links (comprising a 4/20GHz up-converter, a corresponding 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier and a 20GHz isolator) are used subsequently; the 4/20GHz up-converter of the output link is responsible for amplifying a C-band signal of 4GHz to a Ka frequency of 20GHz in a frequency conversion mode, then a 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier amplifies the converted signal with high power, the amplified signal is isolated by a 20GHz isolator and finally is synthesized into one path through a Ka frequency band output multiplexer to be sent to a transmitting antenna, and the task of forwarding the broadband signal is completed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-bandwidth, frequency-tunable high-speed Ka band repeater system comprising: ka input preselector, input loop backup switch matrix, 26GHz low noise amplifier, frequency conversion selection loop backup switch matrix, 26/4GHz down converter, 4GHz broadband filter, output loop backup switch matrix, 4/20GHz up converter, 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier, 20GHz isolator, ka frequency band output multiplexer, and high-frequency stabilizing source and power divider for providing 10MHz frequency reference for frequency converter.
The repeater aims at two paths of high-speed signals sent from a user spacecraft, performs broadband filtering through two Ka input preselectors, and then sends the signals to an input loop backup switch matrix for selecting which two 26GHz low-noise amplifiers are used for low-noise amplification of the signals;
the 26GHz low-noise amplifier is connected with a frequency conversion selection ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting any two of four following 26/4GHz down converters to amplify 26GHz signals to a C frequency band of 4GHz, wherein the 26/4GHz down converters have a frequency adjustment function, the input of the 26/4GHz down converters is any broadband signal in a frequency band range, the frequency band of the signals output to the C frequency band is kept unchanged through local oscillation adjustment, and the local oscillation adjustment function is realized through remote control instructions;
the 26/4GHz down converter is connected with a 4GHz broadband filter and is used for finely filtering signals converted into a C frequency band in a use bandwidth; the 4GHz broadband filter is connected to the output ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting which two output links are used subsequently, and the output links comprise: 4/20GHz up converter, 20GHz travelling wave tube amplifier and 20GHz isolator that correspond;
the 4/20GHz up-converter of the output link is responsible for amplifying a C-band signal of 4GHz to a Ka frequency of 20GHz in a frequency conversion mode, then a 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier amplifies the converted signal with high power, the amplified signal is isolated by a 20GHz isolator and finally is synthesized into one path through a Ka frequency band output multiplexer to be sent to a transmitting antenna, and the task of forwarding the broadband signal is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention firstly designs and realizes a broadband Ka transponder with the bandwidth of 450MHz, which can work in two paths simultaneously, and completes the task of high-speed data transmission to a user spacecraft on the premise of meeting the reliability of a system; secondly, the repeater can cover a user frequency range of 25-27.5 GHz and has an adjustable working frequency function, so that the repeater can flexibly meet the large bandwidth use requirement of a user spacecraft.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transponder system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transponder system input signals;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transponder system output signal.
Detailed Description
A high-bandwidth, frequency-tunable high-speed Ka band repeater system comprising: ka input preselector, input loop backup switch matrix, 26GHz low noise amplifier, frequency conversion selection loop backup switch matrix, 26/4GHz down converter, 4GHz broadband filter, output loop backup switch matrix, 4/20GHz up converter, 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier, 20GHz isolator, ka frequency band output multiplexer, and high-frequency stabilizing source and power divider for providing 10MHz frequency reference for frequency converter. A schematic diagram of a high-bandwidth, frequency-tunable high-speed Ka band repeater system as described herein is shown in fig. 1.
The repeater aims at two paths of high-speed signals sent from a user spacecraft, performs broadband filtering through two Ka input preselectors, and then sends the signals to an input loop backup switch matrix for selecting which two 26GHz low-noise amplifiers are used for low-noise amplification of the signals;
the 26GHz low-noise amplifier is connected with a frequency conversion selection ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting any two of four following 26/4GHz down converters to amplify 26GHz signals to a C frequency band of 4GHz, wherein the 26/4GHz down converters have a frequency adjustment function, the input of the 26/4GHz down converters is any broadband signal in a frequency band range, the frequency band of the signals output to the C frequency band is kept unchanged through local oscillation adjustment, and the local oscillation adjustment function is realized through remote control instructions;
the 26/4GHz down converter is connected with a 4GHz broadband filter and is used for finely filtering signals converted into a C frequency band in a use bandwidth; the 4GHz broadband filter is connected to the output ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting which two output links are used subsequently, and the output links comprise: 4/20GHz up converter, 20GHz travelling wave tube amplifier and 20GHz isolator that correspond;
the 4/20GHz up-converter of the output link is responsible for amplifying a C-band signal of 4GHz to a Ka frequency of 20GHz in a frequency conversion mode, then a 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier amplifies the converted signal with high power, the amplified signal is isolated by a 20GHz isolator and finally is synthesized into one path through a Ka frequency band output multiplexer to be sent to a transmitting antenna, and the task of forwarding the broadband signal is completed.
A schematic diagram of a Ka frequency band signal to be forwarded by a user spacecraft is shown in FIG. 2, and the signal is also an input Ka frequency band signal of the repeater system of the invention. The signal rate ranges from 25GHz to 27.5GHz, four broadband signals with center frequencies of F1, F2, F3 and F4 are actually used, and each working frequency band has a bandwidth of 450MHz. The four broadband signals are not overlapped in frequency and belong to frequency division signals. In practice, two wideband signals may be present simultaneously. The core function of the repeater system of the invention is to repeat two broadband signals in the four signals.
When the repeater system works, two paths of broadband signals enter the Ka input preselector at the same time, and the repeater system is mainly used for filtering and inhibiting out-of-band signals; the pre-selector passband frequency range is 25 GHz-27.5 GHz because the pre-selector passband frequency range is suitable for signals in the whole frequency range, and the possible four broadband signals can enter the system.
The Ka signal with out-of-band interference filtered is then fed into an input loop backup switch matrix and a 26GHz low-noise amplifier, and is mainly used for low-noise amplification of the received broadband signal. The repeater system of the invention is provided with four 26GHz low-noise amplifiers, and each low-noise amplifier is single-input and single-output, so that only two 26GHz low-noise amplifiers are needed in normal operation, but in order to ensure the reliability of the system, 4: 2. The implementation and selection of the backup function are determined by the backup switch matrix of the input ring, which two low-noise amplification works are selected, and the switch matrix is switched to the corresponding low-noise amplification channel by utilizing the instruction, so that the switch matrix is in a working mode, and the unselected low-noise amplification is in a backup state.
The Ka signal after low noise amplification then enters a frequency conversion selection ring backup switch matrix and a 26/4GHz down converter, and the Ka broadband signal is mainly converted into a C frequency band of 4 GHz. The repeater system of the invention is provided with four 26/4GHz down converters, and the radio frequency channel of each frequency converter is single-in and single-out, so that only two 26/4GHz down converters are needed in normal operation, but in order to ensure the reliability of the system, 4: 2. The implementation and selection of the backup function are determined by the input loop backup switch matrix, which two 26/4GHz down converters are selected to work, and the switch matrix is switched to the corresponding 26/4GHz down converter channel by an instruction so that the switch matrix is in a working mode, and the unselected 26/4GHz down converters are in a backup state.
It should be noted that, the local oscillation frequency of the 26/4GHz down converter is designed to be adjustable, that is, no matter which bandwidth of signals is input, F1, F2, F3 and F4, the local oscillation frequency can be adjusted by sending a local oscillation switching instruction, so that the output C-band signals are broadband signals with the same center frequency. Thus, four frequency converters are not required to accommodate four frequency signals, i.e., the 1 26/4GHz down converter used in the present invention is equivalent to 4 of the conventional frequency converters. Therefore, if the same backup mode and reliability as the scheme are also used, 16 traditional 26/4GHz down converters are needed, the volume, weight, power consumption and cost of the whole system are greatly increased, and the advantages of the relay forwarding system can be seen.
And the signals after being uniformly converted into the C frequency band enter a 4GHz broadband filter, and further filtering of the two paths of broadband signals is continuously completed. The four 4GHz broadband filters have completely consistent technical indexes, the bandwidths are all 450MHz, and the four 4GHz broadband filters are mainly used for filtering interference outside the useful bandwidth of each broadband signal. This is much narrower than the bandwidth of the input pre-selector, corresponding to a specific 450MHz operating bandwidth signal.
The filtered C-band signal then enters an output loop backup switch matrix, a 4/20GHz up-converter, a 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier and a 20GHz isolator, mainly converts the C-band signal to 20GHz, and performs high-power amplification through the traveling wave tube amplifier. The repeater system of the invention is provided with four 4/20GHz up-converters, and the radio frequency channel of each frequency converter is single-in and single-out, so that only two 4/20GHz up-converters are needed in normal operation, but in order to ensure the reliability of the system, 4: 2. The implementation and selection of the backup function are determined by the input ring backup switch matrix, which two 4/20GHz up-converters are selected to work, and the switch matrix is switched to the corresponding 4/20GHz up-converter channel by the instruction so that the switch matrix is in a working mode, and the unselected 4/20GHz up-converters are in a backup state.
It should be noted that, in the repeater system of the present invention, there are four 4/20GHz up-converters, whose input signals have identical frequencies and bandwidths, but whose output frequencies are different, mainly identical to the frequencies of the traveling wave tube amplifiers connected to the back ends, that is, the output signals are separated in the frequency domain, as shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the signals converted to 20GHz are at 19-21.5 GHz, the center frequency of each signal is P1, P2, P3 and P4 respectively, and the bandwidth is 450MHz. The frequency of the output signal is determined by the working 4/20GHz up-converter and the travelling wave tube amplifier. The power of the traveling wave tube amplifier is 60W, the gain is 70dB, and the traveling wave tube amplifier has 20dB gain adjustment capability, so that the traveling wave tube amplifier can be in an optimal working state. The purpose of the isolator is to improve the inter-stage matching state and provide the backward protection for the traveling wave tube amplifier.
The signal after up-conversion and high power amplification enters a Ka frequency band output multiplexer for combining and outputting the output signal. The output multiplexer is four-in and one-out, synthesizes four paths of 20GHz signals into one path, and sends the signals to the antenna for signal transmission.
The repeater system of the invention has two-stage frequency conversion function, is provided with 4 26/4GHz down converters and 4/20GHz up converters, and the local oscillation frequency is generated in a single machine by 10MHz reference signals uniformly provided by the system. Whereas the 10MHz reference signal consists of two 2:1 cold backup 10MHz high frequency stable source goes through 2: and the 8 power dividers are sent to the 8 frequency converters.
The repeater of the relay satellite is a high-speed Ka frequency band repeater with large bandwidth and adjustable frequency, can meet the frequency requirements of different user spacecraft terminals, covers a wider frequency range, has the capacity of frequency adjustment, uses the Ka frequency band with higher frequency, and can meet the requirement of high-speed transmission.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A high-bandwidth, frequency-tunable high-speed Ka-band repeater system, comprising: ka input preselector, input loop backup switch matrix, 26GHz low noise amplifier, frequency conversion selection loop backup switch matrix, 26/4GHz down converter, 4GHz broadband filter, output loop backup switch matrix, 4/20GHz up converter, 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier, 20GHz isolator, ka frequency band output multiplexer, and high-frequency-stabilizing source and power divider for providing 10MHz frequency reference for frequency converter;
the repeater aims at two paths of high-speed signals sent from a user spacecraft, performs broadband filtering through two Ka input preselectors, and then sends the signals to an input loop backup switch matrix for selecting which two 26GHz low-noise amplifiers are used for low-noise amplification of the signals;
the 26GHz low-noise amplifier is connected with a frequency conversion selection ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting any two of four following 26/4GHz down converters to amplify 26GHz signals to a C frequency band of 4GHz, wherein the 26/4GHz down converters have a frequency adjustment function, the input of the 26/4GHz down converters is any broadband signal in a frequency band range, the frequency band of the signals output to the C frequency band is kept unchanged through local oscillation adjustment, and the local oscillation adjustment function is realized through remote control instructions;
the 26/4GHz down converter is connected with a 4GHz broadband filter and is used for finely filtering signals converted into a C frequency band in a use bandwidth; the 4GHz broadband filter is connected to the output ring backup switch matrix and is used for selecting which two output links are used subsequently, and the output links comprise: 4/20GHz up converter, 20GHz travelling wave tube amplifier and 20GHz isolator that correspond;
the 4/20GHz up-converter of the output link is responsible for amplifying a C-band signal of 4GHz to a Ka frequency of 20GHz in a frequency conversion way, then a 20GHz traveling wave tube amplifier amplifies the converted signal with high power, the amplified signal is isolated by a 20GHz isolator and finally is synthesized into one path through a Ka frequency band output multiplexer to be sent to a transmitting antenna, and the task of forwarding the broadband signal is completed;
the repeater system has a two-stage frequency conversion function, is provided with 4 26/4GHz down converters and 4/20GHz up converters, and the local oscillation frequency is generated in a high-frequency-stabilization source single machine through 10MHz reference signals uniformly provided by the system.
2. A high bandwidth, frequency tunable high speed Ka band repeater system according to claim 1, wherein: the 10MHz reference signal consists of two 2:1 cold backup 10MHz high frequency stable source goes through 2: and the 8 power dividers are sent to the 8 frequency converters.
3. A high bandwidth, frequency tunable high speed Ka band repeater system according to claim 2, wherein: the Ka input preselector passband frequency range is 25 GHz-27.5 GHz.
4. A high bandwidth, frequency tunable high speed Ka band repeater system according to claim 3, wherein: the local oscillation frequency of the 26/4GHz down converter can be adjusted.
5. The high bandwidth, frequency tunable high speed Ka band repeater system according to claim 4, wherein: the four 4GHz broadband filters are included, and the bandwidths of the four 4GHz broadband filters are 450MHz.
6. The high bandwidth, frequency tunable high speed Ka band repeater system of claim 5, wherein: the frequency converter comprises four 4/20GHz up-converters, and the radio frequency channel of each frequency converter is single-in and single-out.
7. The high bandwidth, frequency tunable high speed Ka band repeater system according to claim 6, wherein: the frequency and bandwidth of the input signals of the four 4/20GHz up-converters are kept consistent, and the output frequencies of the four 4/20GHz up-converters are different.
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