CN111175960A - Integral mirror processing installation-free optical telescope and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Integral mirror processing installation-free optical telescope and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111175960A CN111175960A CN202010126490.5A CN202010126490A CN111175960A CN 111175960 A CN111175960 A CN 111175960A CN 202010126490 A CN202010126490 A CN 202010126490A CN 111175960 A CN111175960 A CN 111175960A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses an integral mirror surface processing assembly-free optical telescope and a processing method thereof. The integral type mirror surface processing assembly-free optical telescope comprises an integral type primary mirror reflector, a secondary mirror reflector and a secondary mirror mounting frame. The secondary mirror reflector is fixedly connected with a secondary mirror mounting frame through a screw and a positioning pin, the secondary mirror mounting frame is fixedly mounted on the integral main mirror reflector through the screw and the positioning pin, and the surface of the curved surface optical reflector is integrally machined through a diamond lathe. The complicated and complicated structure installation and adjustment and the optics installation and correction process are avoided through integral mirror surface machining in the telescope manufacturing, the telescope structure can use the same metal material, the temperature accommodation is large, meanwhile, the metal mirror design flexible mounting groove reduces the influence of telescope processing stress and mounting stress on imaging, and the imaging quality is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an integral mirror processing installation-free and correction-free optical telescope, in particular to an integral mirror processing installation-free and correction-free double-reflection optical telescope based on a metal reflector and a processing method thereof.
Background
Compared with a transmission telescope, the reflection telescope is an optical telescope which uses a curved surface or a combination of a curved surface mirror and a plane mirror to reflect convergent light and forms an image after imaging. The reflective optical telescope developed at present generally adopts optical materials such as quartz, silicon carbide and the like as reflector materials, and has the advantages of high price, complex design, difficult structure installation and adjustment and optical installation and calibration, imaging quality greatly influenced by installation stress and small temperature application range. With the continuous development of diamond turning technology for metal mirror processing and the progress of optical design technology, the integrated mirror processing of the double-reflection optical telescope based on the metal reflector can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integral mirror surface processing installation-free and correction-free double-reflection optical telescope based on a metal reflector and a processing method thereof, which have the advantages of compact structure, low cost, simple processing, low structural complexity and high concentricity, are more suitable for mature marketization use and scientific research use, and meet the requirement of high-quality imaging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an integral type mirror surface processing assembly-free correction optical telescope comprises an integral type primary mirror reflector 1, a secondary mirror reflector 2 and a secondary mirror mounting frame 3; the method is characterized in that:
the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is made of aluminum alloy, the upper part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is of a circular ring structure, the lower part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is of a cylindrical structure, and the middle part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is of a six-support-rib structure; the upper surface of a lower cylindrical structure of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is provided with a curved optical reflector surface 1-1, and the middle part of the lower cylindrical structure is provided with an annular flexible mounting groove 1-2 to reduce the processing and mounting stress; the center of a cylindrical structure at the lower part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is provided with a light through hole 1-3, the circumference of the bottom is provided with an installation lug 1-4, and the installation lug 1-4 is provided with an installation through hole; the bottom surface of the integral main mirror reflector 1 is a mirror surface processing reference surface 1-5.
The secondary mirror reflector 2 is made of aluminum alloy, the secondary mirror reflector 2 is of a cylindrical structure, a curved optical reflector surface 2-1 is machined on the upper surface of the secondary mirror reflector 2, three mounting lugs 2-2 are arranged on the circumference of the secondary mirror reflector 2, mounting through holes and positioning pin holes are respectively formed in the three mounting lugs 2-2, flexible mounting grooves 2-3 are machined on the upper surface and the lower surface of each mounting lug 2-2 to reduce machining and mounting stress, and the mounting surfaces 2-4 of the lower surfaces of the three mounting lugs are higher than the bottom surface of the reflector surface by 2-5.
The secondary mirror mounting frame 3 is made of aluminum alloy, the outer ring and the inner ring of the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 are both of circular ring structures, and the outer ring and the inner ring are connected through three supporting ribs; the lower surface mounting surfaces 2-4 of the three mounting lugs of the secondary mirror reflector 2 are fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 through screws and positioning pins, and the lower end surface of the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 through screws and positioning pins; the integral primary mirror reflector 1 and the secondary mirror reflector 2 are arranged to form a system telescope imaging light path, and when the mounting lugs 1-4 on the circumference of the bottom of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 are fixedly arranged at the telescope mounting position on the imaging equipment through screws, optical imaging can be realized.
The invention also provides a processing method of the integral mirror surface processing correction-free optical telescope, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, completely immersing blank materials of the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 into liquid nitrogen, naturally volatilizing the liquid nitrogen at normal temperature, putting the blank materials of the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 into a high-temperature box, heating, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃;
2, finishing appearance structures of an integral main mirror reflector 1, a secondary mirror reflector 2 and a secondary mirror mounting frame 3 by using a numerical control machine tool, wherein the curved surface optical reflector surface 1-1 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 and the curved surface optical reflector surface 2-1 of the secondary mirror reflector 2 reserve the mirror surface machining allowance of a diamond lathe;
step 4, completely immersing the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 which are processed and blackened in the liquid nitrogen, naturally volatilizing the liquid nitrogen at normal temperature, putting the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 into a high-temperature box, heating, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃;
step 5, clamping the mounting lugs 1-4 on the circumference of the bottom of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 on a diamond lathe, and finish-turning the light-passing holes 1-3 of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 by taking the mirror surface processing reference surfaces 1-5 on the bottom surface of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 as references;
step 6, feeding a diamond cutter through an inner hole of a circular ring structure at the upper part of the integral main mirror reflector 1 on a diamond lathe, and machining a curved surface optical reflector surface 1-1 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 by diamond turning by taking a light through hole 1-3 and a mirror surface machining reference surface 1-5 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 as references;
step 7, detaching the integral main mirror reflector 1 from a diamond lathe, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror reflector 2 with the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 through screws and positioning pins, and fixedly mounting the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 with the integral main mirror reflector 1 through screws and positioning pins;
step 8, clamping the whole fixedly installed integral main mirror reflector 1, a secondary mirror reflector 2 and a secondary mirror installation frame 3 on a diamond lathe through installation lugs 1-4 of the integral main mirror reflector 1, feeding a diamond cutter on the diamond lathe through a light through hole 1-3 of the integral main mirror reflector 1, and machining a curved surface optical reflector 2-1 of the secondary mirror reflector 2 through diamond turning by taking the light through hole 1-3 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 and a mirror surface machining reference surface 1-5 as references, wherein the machining precision of the diamond lathe ensures the imaging relative position precision of the curved surface optical reflector 1-1 and the curved surface optical reflector 2-1;
step 9, integrally disassembling the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 from a diamond lathe, disassembling the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 from the integral main mirror reflector 1, disassembling the secondary mirror reflector 2 from the secondary mirror mounting frame 3, and plating protective films on the curved surface optical reflector surface 1-1 and the curved surface optical reflector surface 2-1;
and step 10, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 through screws and positioning pins, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 and the integral main mirror reflector 1 through screws and positioning pins, and ensuring that the imaging relative position precision of the curved surface optical reflector surface 1-1 and the curved surface optical reflector surface 2-1 is the same as that of the imaging relative position precision of the step 8 through the positioning pins.
The invention has the following advantages: the circumference of the integral main mirror reflector 1 is of an open structure, so that the processing of the reflector surface and the detection in the processing process are facilitated. Compared with the traditional optical material reflector, the metal reflector adopted as the optical curved reflector has the advantages of simple structure, greatly reduced cost, capability of avoiding complex and complicated structure adjustment and optical adjustment processes by integral mirror surface processing in the telescope manufacturing process, large temperature adaptation range due to the fact that the telescope structure can use the same metal material, capability of reducing the influence of telescope processing stress and mounting stress on imaging due to the metal mirror design and flexible mounting grooves, and high imaging quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an optical path diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 of one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an integral primary mirror reflector 1 of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary mirror 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the secondary mirror 2 of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in further detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are primarily intended to illustrate features of the invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the integral type mirror surface processing assembly-free correction optical telescope comprises an integral type primary mirror reflector 1, a secondary mirror reflector 2 and a secondary mirror mounting frame 3; the method is characterized in that:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is made of 7075 aluminum alloy, the upper part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is of a circular ring structure, the lower part of the integral primary mirror reflector is of a cylindrical structure, and the middle part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is of a six-support rib structure; the upper surface of the lower cylindrical structure of the integral main mirror reflector 1 is provided with a concave optical reflector 1-1, and the middle part of the lower cylindrical structure is provided with an annular flexible mounting groove 1-2 to reduce the processing and mounting stress; the center of a cylindrical structure at the lower part of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 is provided with a light through hole 1-3, the circumference of the bottom is provided with an installation lug 1-4, and the installation lug 1-4 is provided with an installation through hole; the bottom surface of the integral main mirror reflector 1 is a mirror surface processing reference surface 1-5.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the secondary mirror reflector 2 is made of 7075 aluminum alloy, the secondary mirror reflector 2 is of a cylindrical structure, a convex optical reflector surface 2-1 is machined on the upper surface of the secondary mirror reflector 2, three mounting lugs 2-2 are arranged on the circumference of the secondary mirror reflector 2, mounting through holes and positioning pin holes are respectively formed in the three mounting lugs 2-2, flexible mounting grooves 2-3 are machined on the upper surface and the lower surface of each mounting lug 2-2 to reduce machining and mounting stress, and the mounting surface 2-4 of the lower surface of each mounting lug is higher than the bottom surface 2-5 of the reflector surface.
The secondary mirror mounting rack 3 is made of 7075 aluminum alloy, the outer ring and the inner ring of the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 are both of circular ring structures, and the outer ring and the inner ring are connected through three support ribs; the lower surface mounting surfaces 2-4 of three mounting lugs of the secondary mirror reflector 2 are fixedly connected with the lower end surface of a secondary mirror mounting frame 3 through screws and positioning pins, and the lower end surface of the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 through screws and positioning pins; the integral primary mirror reflector 1 and the secondary mirror reflector 2 are installed to form an imaging light path as shown in fig. 2, and when the installation lugs 1-4 on the circumference of the bottom of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 are fixedly installed at the installation position of a telescope on imaging equipment through screws, optical imaging can be realized.
The invention also provides a processing method of the integral mirror surface processing correction-free optical telescope, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, completely immersing blank materials of an integral main mirror reflector 1, a secondary mirror reflector 2 and a secondary mirror mounting rack 3 into liquid nitrogen, naturally volatilizing the liquid nitrogen at normal temperature, putting the blank materials of the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 into a high-temperature box, heating, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃;
step 2, finishing appearance structures of the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 by using a numerical control machine tool, wherein a concave optical reflector surface 1-1 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 and a convex optical reflector surface 2-1 of the secondary mirror reflector 2 reserve mirror surface machining allowance of a diamond lathe;
step 4, completely immersing the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 which are processed and blackened in the liquid nitrogen, naturally volatilizing the liquid nitrogen at normal temperature, putting the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting rack 3 into a high-temperature box, heating, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃;
step 5, clamping the mounting lugs 1-4 on the circumference of the bottom of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 on a diamond lathe, and finish-turning the light-passing holes 1-3 of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 by taking the mirror surface processing reference surface 1-5 on the bottom surface of the integral primary mirror reflector 1 as a reference;
step 6, feeding a diamond cutter through an inner hole of a circular ring structure at the upper part of the integral main mirror reflector 1 on a diamond lathe, and machining the concave optical reflector surface 1-1 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 by diamond turning by taking a light through hole 1-3 and a mirror surface machining reference surface 1-5 of the integral main mirror reflector 1 as references;
step 7, detaching the integral main mirror reflector 1 from a diamond lathe, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 through screws and positioning pins, and fixedly mounting the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 and the integral main mirror reflector 1 through screws and positioning pins;
step 8, clamping the whole fixedly installed integral type main mirror reflector 1, a secondary mirror reflector 2 and a secondary mirror installation frame 3 on a diamond lathe through installation lugs 1-4 of the integral type main mirror reflector 1, feeding a diamond cutter on the diamond lathe through a light through hole 1-3 of the integral type main mirror reflector 1, machining a convex optical reflector 2-1 of the secondary mirror reflector 2 through diamond turning by taking the light through hole 1-3 of the integral type main mirror reflector 1 and a mirror surface machining reference surface 1-5 as references, and ensuring the imaging relative position precision of the concave optical reflector 1-1 and the convex optical reflector 2-1 by the machining precision of the diamond lathe;
step 9, integrally disassembling the integral main mirror reflector 1, the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 from a diamond lathe, disassembling the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 from the integral main mirror reflector 1, disassembling the secondary mirror reflector 2 from the secondary mirror mounting frame 3, and plating protective films on the concave optical reflector surface 1-1 and the convex optical reflector surface 2-1;
and step 10, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror reflector 2 and the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 through screws and positioning pins, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror mounting frame 3 and the integral main mirror reflector 1 through screws and positioning pins, and ensuring that the imaging relative position precision of the concave optical reflector surface 1-1 and the convex optical reflector surface 2-1 is the same as that of the imaging relative position precision of the step 8 through the positioning pins.
Claims (2)
1. An integral type mirror surface processing assembly-free correction optical telescope comprises an integral type primary mirror reflector (1), a secondary mirror reflector (2) and a secondary mirror mounting frame (3); the method is characterized in that:
the integral primary mirror reflector (1) is made of aluminum alloy, the upper part of the integral primary mirror reflector (1) is of a circular ring structure, the lower part of the integral primary mirror reflector is of a cylindrical structure, and the middle part of the integral primary mirror reflector is of a six-support-rib structure; the upper surface of a lower cylindrical structure of the integral main mirror reflector (1) is provided with a curved optical reflector (1-1), and the middle part of the lower cylindrical structure is provided with an annular flexible mounting groove (1-2) to reduce the processing and mounting stress; the center of a cylindrical structure at the lower part of the integral primary mirror reflector (1) is a light through hole (1-3), the circumference of the bottom of the integral primary mirror reflector is provided with an installation lug (1-4), and the installation lug (1-4) is provided with an installation through hole; the bottom surface of the integral main mirror reflector (1) is a mirror surface processing reference surface (1-5);
the secondary mirror reflector (2) is made of aluminum alloy, the secondary mirror reflector (2) is of a cylindrical structure, a curved optical reflector surface (2-1) is machined on the upper surface of the secondary mirror reflector, three mounting lugs (2-2) are arranged on the circumference of the secondary mirror reflector, mounting through holes and positioning pin holes are formed in the three mounting lugs (2-2), flexible mounting grooves (2-3) are machined on the upper surface and the lower surface of each mounting lug (2-2) to reduce machining and mounting stress, and the mounting surfaces (2-4) of the lower surfaces of the three mounting lugs are higher than the bottom surface (2-5) of the reflector surface;
the secondary mirror mounting frame (3) is made of aluminum alloy, the outer ring and the inner ring of the secondary mirror mounting frame (3) are both of circular ring structures, and the outer ring and the inner ring are connected through three supporting ribs; the lower surface mounting surfaces (2-4) of the three mounting lugs of the secondary mirror reflector (2) are fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) through screws and positioning pins, and the lower end surface of the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) is fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the integral primary mirror reflector (1) through screws and positioning pins; the integral primary mirror reflector (1) and the secondary mirror reflector (2) are installed to form a system telescope imaging light path, and when the installation lugs (1-4) on the circumference of the bottom of the integral primary mirror reflector (1) are fixedly installed at the telescope installation position on the imaging equipment through screws, optical imaging can be achieved.
2. The method for processing the integral mirror-finished correction-free optical telescope based on the claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, completely immersing blank materials of the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) into liquid nitrogen, naturally volatilizing the liquid nitrogen at normal temperature, putting the blank materials of the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) into a high-temperature box, heating, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃;
step 2, finishing the appearance structures of the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) by a numerical control machine tool, wherein the curved surface optical reflector (1-1) of the integral main mirror reflector (1) and the curved surface optical reflector (2-1) of the secondary mirror reflector (2) reserve the mirror surface machining allowance of a diamond lathe;
step 3, carrying out outer surface blackening treatment on the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3);
step 4, completely immersing the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) which are processed and blackened in the liquid nitrogen, naturally volatilizing the liquid nitrogen at normal temperature, putting the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) into a high-temperature box, heating, and preserving heat for 4 hours after the temperature is raised to 200 ℃;
step 5, clamping the installation lugs (1-4) on the circumference of the bottom of the integral main mirror reflector (1) on a diamond lathe, and finish-turning the light-passing holes (1-3) of the integral main mirror reflector (1) by taking the mirror surface machining reference surface (1-5) on the bottom surface of the integral main mirror reflector (1) as a reference;
step 6, feeding a diamond cutter through an inner hole of a circular ring structure at the upper part of the integral main mirror reflector (1) on a diamond lathe, and machining the curved optical reflector surface (1-1) of the integral main mirror reflector (1) through diamond turning by taking a light through hole (1-3) and a mirror surface machining reference surface (1-5) of the integral main mirror reflector (1) as references;
step 7, detaching the integral main mirror reflector (1) from a diamond lathe, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting frame (3) through screws and positioning pins, and fixedly mounting the secondary mirror mounting frame (3) and the integral main mirror reflector (1) through screws and positioning pins;
step 8, clamping the whole fixedly installed integral primary mirror reflector (1), secondary mirror reflector (2) and secondary mirror installation rack (3) on a diamond lathe through installation lugs (1-4) of the integral primary mirror reflector (1), feeding a diamond cutter on a diamond lathe through a light through hole (1-3) of the integral primary mirror reflector (1), by taking a light through hole (1-3) and a mirror surface processing reference surface (1-5) of the integral main mirror reflector (1) as references, a curved surface optical reflector surface (2-1) of the secondary mirror reflector (2) is processed by diamond turning, and the processing precision of a diamond lathe ensures the imaging relative position precision of the curved surface optical reflector surface (1-1) and the curved surface optical reflector surface (2-1);
step 9, integrally disassembling the integral main mirror reflector (1), the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) from a diamond lathe, disassembling the secondary mirror mounting rack (3) from the integral main mirror reflector (1), disassembling the secondary mirror reflector (2) from the secondary mirror mounting rack (3), and plating protective films on the curved surface optical reflector surface (1-1) and the curved surface optical reflector surface (2-1);
and 10, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror reflector (2) and the secondary mirror mounting frame (3) through screws and positioning pins, fixedly mounting the secondary mirror mounting frame (3) and the integral main mirror reflector (1) through screws and positioning pins, and ensuring that the imaging relative position precision of the curved surface optical reflector (1-1) and the curved surface optical reflector (2-1) is the same as that of the imaging relative position precision of the curved surface optical reflector (2-1) when the step 8 is finished through the positioning pins.
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| CN117724218A (en) * | 2024-02-18 | 2024-03-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Thermally stable camera structure |
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| CN111175960B (en) | 2023-07-04 |
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