CN111175804B - Pulse radiation detection circuit and device - Google Patents
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- CN111175804B CN111175804B CN201911331645.2A CN201911331645A CN111175804B CN 111175804 B CN111175804 B CN 111175804B CN 201911331645 A CN201911331645 A CN 201911331645A CN 111175804 B CN111175804 B CN 111175804B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/202—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
Abstract
The invention discloses a pulse radiation detection circuit and a device, the detection circuit comprises a comparator, a counter and a processor, the input end of the comparator is connected with the ray converter and generates a second pulse signal according to the pulse radiation signal, the input end of the counter is connected with the output end of the comparator to obtain counting data, the input end of the processor is connected with the output end of the counter to process the counting data, the input end of the delay switch is connected with the output end of the comparator to generate an enabling signal, the input end of the analog-to-digital converter is respectively connected with the output end of the ray converter and the output end of the delay switch and receives the pulse radiation signal according to the enabling signal to generate an accumulated value of the pulse radiation signal, and the input end of the processor is respectively connected with the delay switch and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter to calculate the intensity of the ionizing radiation. The invention can simultaneously measure strong and weak ionizing radiation, has high sensitivity and high range, and has quick response and accurate measurement result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear radiation detection, in particular to a pulse radiation detection circuit and a pulse radiation detection device.
Background
With the development and wide application of the electronic industry and nuclear technology, people have more and more chances to be exposed to radiation. The radiation is divided into electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation, the electromagnetic radiation is mostly harmless to human bodies, and the ionizing radiation beyond a certain range can cause serious and irreversible damage to the human bodies, so that the detection and prevention of the ionizing radiation are more important.
Ionizing radiation includes continuous radiation, which is usually emitted by radioactive sources and has a long duration, and pulsed radiation; pulsed radiation is commonly used in applications such as X-ray medical diagnostics, oil logging, linear accelerator security monitors, and the like, and has short duration but high dose rate. The intensity of the ionizing radiation is usually indicated by the dose rate. The dose rate is used to reflect the radiation dose received per unit time in units of gray per hour (Gy/h). In general, the greater the dose rate, the more pronounced the radiation effect, and the higher the intensity of the radiation field.
For ionizing radiation, the degree of damage to the ionizing radiation is generally determined by monitoring the rate of change in the area of interest in which the ionizing radiation is occurring. For the measurement of continuous radiation, because the types of radiation sources and the radiation dose are relatively clear and stable, the radiation detection devices such as matched radiation dose detectors and the like are adopted for monitoring. For the measurement of pulsed radiation, problems are encountered in monitoring due to the short exposure time of pulsed radiation (typically a few milliseconds) and the generally high dose rate. For example, an X-ray tube of a CT commonly used in medical treatment is continuously opened for several milliseconds, and the dosage rate can reach 10Gy/h or even higher when the X-ray tube is opened. In the prior art, when the pulse radiation is measured, a thermoluminescent dose sheet, a high-voltage ionization chamber, a semiconductor detector/Geiger tube/scintillator detector and the like are generally adopted for measurement, wherein the thermoluminescent dose sheet uses a photophysical method for radiation measurement, and is sent to a detection department for data reading by using special equipment after being irradiated, so that the instantaneous reading cannot be carried out, and the use is troublesome; although the high-voltage ionization chamber can effectively monitor ionizing radiation in a fixed area, the high-voltage ionization chamber has a large size and is not easy to use, and the measurement period is long due to the adoption of a current integration method, so that the measurement requirement of quick response is difficult to meet; semiconductor detectors/Geiger tubes/scintillator detectors and the like are some detectors commonly used for radiation measurement, but in general, these detectors cannot detect both strong pulse radiation and weak pulse radiation, and for strong pulse radiation (the instantaneous dose rate is greater than 100mGy/h), the detectors need to satisfy a high range preferentially, and for weak pulse radiation (the instantaneous dose rate is not greater than 100mGy/h), the detectors need to satisfy a sensitivity preferentially (the sensitivity represents the number of pulses output per dose rate, generally described by CPS/uSv/h or CPS/uGy/h, and CPS is a pulse count rate), for example, in order to measure a high dose rate, the sensitivity of a radiation detection device is often low; in order to improve the sensitivity of measurement, the upper detection limit of the detector is often low, and especially in the application of pulse radiation, in order to meet the requirement of an ultra-high range upper limit (for example, greater than 10Gy/h), only a detector with low sensitivity can be selected, but such a detector with low sensitivity cannot meet the measurement requirement of a conventional weak radiation field, so that the problem that the measurement result cannot truly reflect the intensity of the pulse radiation is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pulse radiation detection circuit and a pulse radiation detection device, so that the problem that a single detector in the prior art cannot measure both strong pulse radiation and weak pulse radiation is solved.
The invention provides a pulse radiation detection circuit, which comprises a comparator, a counter and a processor, wherein the input end of the comparator is connected with a ray converter and generates a second pulse signal according to a pulse radiation signal sent by the ray converter, the input end of the counter is connected with the output end of the comparator, the counter acquires counting data according to the second pulse signal, and the input end of the processor is connected with the output end of the counter to process the counting data, and the detection circuit is characterized by further comprising: the input end of the delay switch is connected with the output end of the comparator, and the delay switch generates an enable signal according to the second pulse signal; the input end of the analog-to-digital converter is respectively connected with the output end of the ray converter and the output end of the delay switch, the analog-to-digital converter receives the pulse radiation signal according to the enabling signal and generates an accumulated value of the pulse radiation signal, the input end of the processor is respectively connected with the output end of the delay switch and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter, and the processor calculates the intensity of ionizing radiation according to the accumulated value.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the radiation converter includes a scintillation crystal for converting ionizing radiation into a visible light signal, and a photoelectric conversion device coupled to the scintillation crystal for converting the visible light signal into a pulsed radiation signal.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the comparator converts the pulse radiation signal into a second pulse signal by a preset threshold.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the pulsed radiation signal is an electrical pulse signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the width of the second pulse signal is greater than the corresponding widths of the three pulse radiation signals, the delay switch triggers and generates the enable signal.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the second pulse signal is a square wave pulse signal.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the enable signal is a level signal.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the accumulated value is an accumulated voltage value of the pulse radiation signal in one period.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the processor calculates the intensity of the ionizing radiation by the formula:
DoseRate＝k*ΣA，
wherein DoseRate is the dose rate, k is a constant, and A is the amplitude of a single pulse radiation signal.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the processor is an MCU.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the accumulated value collected by the analog-to-digital converter is greater than (collection period/pulse width) × 2.
The invention also provides a pulse radiation detection device, which comprises a ray converter and the pulse radiation detection circuit, wherein the output end of the ray converter is connected with the input end of the comparator, and the ray converter receives ionizing radiation and converts the ionizing radiation ray into a pulse radiation signal.
The pulse radiation detection circuit and the device provided by the invention solve the problem that a single pulse radiation detector cannot simultaneously measure a strong pulse radiation field and a weak pulse radiation field, and have the advantages of high sensitivity and high measuring range. In addition, the invention can also acquire the dose rate data of the pulse radiation in real time, and has short measurement period, quick response and accurate measurement result.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pulsed radiation detection circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of a pulsed radiation signal of a pulsed radiation detection circuit with a comparator output signal according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transition of a pulsed radiation detection circuit during pulse radiation signal pile-up, according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a signal processing flow diagram of a pulsed radiation detection circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element/feature is referred to as being "disposed on" another element/feature, it can be directly on the other element/feature or intervening elements/features may also be present. When a component/part is referred to as being "connected/coupled" to another component/part, it can be directly connected/coupled to the other component/part or intervening components/parts may also be present. The term "connected/coupled" as used herein may include electrical and/or mechanical physical connections/couplings. The term "comprises/comprising" as used herein refers to the presence of features, steps or components/features, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps or components/features. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and to distinguish similar objects, and there is no order between the two, and no indication or implication of relative importance is to be taken. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulse radiation detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the pulse radiation detection circuit provided by the present invention includes a radiation converter 1, a comparator 2, a counter 3, and a processor 4, wherein an input terminal of the comparator 2 is connected to an output terminal of the radiation converter 1, an input terminal of the counter 3 is connected to an output terminal of the comparator 2, and an input terminal of the processor 4 is connected to an output terminal of the counter 3. Further, the pulse radiation detection circuit further comprises a delay switch 5 and an analog-to-digital converter 6, wherein an input end of the delay switch 5 is connected with an output end of the comparator 2, an output end of the delay switch 5 is connected with an input end of the processor 4, an input end of the analog-to-digital converter 6 is respectively connected with an output end of the ray converter 1 and an output end of the delay switch 5, and an output end of the analog-to-digital converter 6 is connected with an input end of the processor 4.
The radiation converter 1 is configured to receive ionizing radiation rays to be measured, which may include X-rays, gamma rays, proton rays, neutron rays, and the like, and convert the ionizing radiation rays into a pulse radiation signal. The radiation converter 1 may further comprise a scintillation crystal for converting ionizing radiation into a visible light signal, and a photoelectric conversion device coupled to the scintillation crystal for converting the visible light signal into a pulsed radiation signal, which is further output by a matched electronics readout system/circuit. The pulsed radiation signal is preferably in the form of an electrical pulse signal. The radiation converter 1 may also preferably employ an ionizing radiation detector such as a semiconductor detector, geiger counter tube, scintillator detector, or the like.
The comparator 2 is configured to receive the pulse radiation signal and convert the pulse radiation signal into a second pulse signal, for example, the second pulse signal may be a square wave signal, and the square wave signal may actually be a high level signal, and the pulse width of the square wave signal is consistent with the width of a single pulse radiation signal, so as to facilitate counting of the pulse radiation signals.
The counter 3 is used for receiving the second pulse signal and counting the second pulse signal.
The processor 4 is configured to receive the count data of the counter 3 and calculate a dose rate according to the count data, wherein the intensity of the ionizing radiation is generally proportional to the dose rate, which is represented by a doseRate and is proportional to the count data, so that the intensity of the ionizing radiation can be accurately reflected by the count data.
In general, when the ionizing radiation intensity is weak, the pulse radiation signal output by the radiation converter 1 after receiving the ionizing radiation is discrete, and because the width fluctuation range of the pulse radiation signal of the same radiation converter 1 is small, the comparator 2 converts the pulse radiation signal into a second pulse signal, and then directly sends the second pulse signal to the counter 3 for counting, and then converts the second pulse signal into radiation intensity information through the processor 4. When ionizing radiation is stronger, the density of the pulse radiation signal output by the ray converter 1 after receiving the ionizing radiation is improved, so that the phenomenon of pulse radiation signal stacking is caused, at the moment, the counting rate of the comparator 2 after converting the pulse radiation signal into the second pulse signal is reduced along with the increase of the radiation intensity, the second pulse signal cannot be used for directly counting, and the reason why strong ionizing radiation measurement cannot be realized when the detector in the prior art meets the requirement of high sensitivity is exactly the reason. When pulse radiation signal stacking occurs, the amplitude of the second pulse signal output by the comparator 2 is still in direct proportion to the radiation intensity, the width of the second pulse signal output by the comparator 2 is wider, and preferably, when the width of the second pulse signal is greater than the corresponding widths of the three pulse radiation signals, the delay switch 5 is triggered.
The delay switch 5 is configured to receive the second pulse signal and determine whether to trigger the enable signal according to a width of the second pulse signal, for example, when the width of the second pulse signal is greater than widths of the three pulse radiation signals, the enable signal is triggered, otherwise, the enable signal is not triggered.
The analog-to-digital converter 6 is configured to receive the pulse radiation signals according to the enable signal and measure the accumulated values of the amplitudes of the pulse radiation signals, because the pulse radiation signals at this time are stacked signals, the accumulated values actually received by the analog-to-digital converter 6 are the accumulated values of the amplitudes of the pulse radiation signals, for example, when the pulse radiation signals are electric pulse radiation signals, the accumulated values are the sum of the voltage values of the pulse radiation signals stacked, because the voltage accumulated values of the pulse radiation signals after stacking are still in direct proportion to the radiation intensity, and the accumulated values are further converted into the radiation intensity.
The processor 4 may further receive an accumulated value from the analog-to-digital converter 6 according to the enable signal, and the processor 4 may further calculate radiation intensity information when the pulse radiation signals are stacked according to the accumulated value. In particular, the processor 4 may calculate the radiation intensity according to the following formula:
DoseRate＝k*ΣA，
wherein doseRate represents dose rate, k represents conversion parameters, and when the detector, the ray converter and the circuit are determined, k can be obtained by calibration using a standard radiation field, Σ A represents accumulated value data acquired by the analog-to-digital converter 6, and A represents the amplitude of a single pulse radiation signal.
In general, the analog-to-digital converter 6 has an acquisition period, which can be modified according to the actual condition of the pulse radiation field to be satisfied, for example, the acquisition period can be set to 1ms, and the processor 4 obtains the accumulated value within 1ms and then converts it into dose rate, i.e. radiation intensity information. Preferably, the accumulated value acquired by the analog-to-digital converter 6 should be greater than (acquisition period/pulse width) × 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing a pulse radiation signal of a pulse radiation detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention with an output signal of a comparator 2, as can be seen from fig. 2, when the radiation intensity is weak, after the radiation converter 1 receives the ionizing radiation, the output pulse radiation signal is discrete, that is, there is no intersection between two adjacent pulse radiation signals S1, S2, at this time, the comparator 2 directly converts the pulse radiation signals S1, S2 into second pulse signals S1', S2', in the embodiment of fig. 2, the second pulse signal is a digital square wave pulse signal (also called a square wave signal), the width of the digital square wave pulse signal (i.e., the distance between t1 to t2 or between t3 to t 4) is consistent with the width of the pulse radiation signal exceeding the threshold of the comparator 2, the digital square wave pulse signal output by the comparator 2 is directly sent to a counter 3 for counting, the count data is finally converted into radiation intensity information by the processor 4.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of conversion when a pulse radiation signal of the pulse radiation detection circuit is piled up, as can be seen from fig. 3, when the pulse radiation signal is piled up, after the radiation converter 1 receives ionizing radiation, the output pulse radiation signal is continuous, that is, there is an intersection between two adjacent pulse radiation signals S1, S2, at this time, the increase in the density of the pulse radiation signal causes the count rate of the square wave pulses output by the comparator 2 to decrease with the increase in the radiation intensity, and thus the measurement cannot be performed by using the counting method. However, at this time, the number of the pulse radiation signals converted by the comparator 2 is still proportional to the radiation intensity, i.e. the amplitude of the second pulse signal S after pulse stacking is still proportional to the radiation intensity, so that the radiation intensity can be indirectly measured by measuring the amplitude of the second pulse signal S. For example, when the pulse radiation signal is an electric pulse signal, the amplitude of the second pulse signal S may be a current value, and when pulse stacking occurs, the high level time of the second pulse signal S output by the comparator 2 increases, which causes the delay switch 5 to trigger the enable signal.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a signal processing flow of the pulse radiation detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as can be seen from fig. 4, when the pulse radiation detection circuit provided in the present invention is in operation, the radiation converter 1 first converts the ionizing radiation into a pulse radiation signal, and the comparator 2 converts the pulse radiation signal into a second pulse signal and determines whether a pulse stacking phenomenon occurs; when pulse stacking does not occur, the counter 3 directly counts according to the second pulse signal and sends technical data to the processor 4, and the processor 4 calculates the radiation intensity according to the counting data; when pulse stacking occurs, the delay switch 5 is triggered, the delay switch 5 sends a trigger signal to the analog-to-digital converter 6 and the processor 4 at the same time, the analog-to-digital converter 6 receives an enable signal number and starts to collect an accumulated value of a pulse radiation signal, and the processor receives the accumulated value after receiving the enable signal and calculates the radiation intensity according to the accumulated value.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to a specific embodiment. When the radiation converter uses mutually coupled BGO scintillation crystals and sipms, the sensitivity is 100CPS/μ Gy/h for Cs-137, the width of the pulse radiation signal is 1uS, and the different count rates obtained by the measurement are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, when the measurement is performed by counting, the counting rate value CPS is measured with the increase of the radiation intensity 2 Non-linearity is present which does not increase proportionally with radiation intensity, because the pulsed radiation signal is stacked and multiple pulsed radiation signals pile up into one pulse, causing measurement bias non-linearity. After the pulse radiation detection circuit provided by the application is adopted for collection, the corresponding counting rate is shown as the following table:
| radiation intensity (uGy/h) | Theoretical counting rate (CPS) 1 ) | Measuring the count rate (CPS) 2 ) |
| 10 | 1k | 1K |
| 100 | 10k | 10k |
| 1000 | 100k | 100k |
| 5000 | 500k | 500k |
| 8000 | 800k | 798k |
| 10000 | 1000k | 996k |
| 15000 | 1500k | 1492k |
According to the pulse radiation detection circuit, the counting rate measured by the pulse radiation detection circuit basically keeps one-to-one correspondence with the theoretical counting rate, namely, the linear correspondence relation between the acquisition result and the radiation intensity is kept, so that the sensitivity of the same detector can be ensured, and the measurement requirement of a high range can be met.
The present application also provides a pulsed radiation detection device that may include the pulsed radiation detection circuit described in the above embodiments and other necessary detection elements connected to the pulsed radiation detection circuit. The radiation converter, the comparator, the counter, the processor, the delay switch, the analog-to-digital converter, and the like in the detection device can achieve substantially the same functions or functions as those in the above embodiments, and the detailed description of other detection elements can refer to the related description in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.
Through the pulse radiation detection device that this application embodiment provided, can measure strong pulse radiation field and weak pulse radiation field simultaneously, not only have the advantage of high sensitivity, have the advantage of high range moreover, can also acquire pulsed radiation's dose rate data in real time, measuring cycle is short, and the reaction is rapid, and the measuring result is accurate.
As mentioned above, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is only used, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention can be modified variously, for example, the radiation converter can use a liquid scintillator, a plastic scintillator, a proportional counter tube, etc. to output a pulse current signal; the function of the analog-to-digital converter can be performed in a mode of performing analog-to-digital conversion and acquisition after a charge integrating amplifier; the counter is integrated with the processor, etc. All simple and equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present patent application. The invention has not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A pulsed radiation detection circuit, the detection circuit includes a comparator, a counter and a processor, an input terminal of the comparator is connected to a radiation converter and generates a second pulse signal according to a pulsed radiation signal sent by the radiation converter, an input terminal of the counter is connected to an output terminal of the comparator, the counter obtains count data according to the second pulse signal, an input terminal of the processor is connected to an output terminal of the counter to process the count data, the detection circuit further includes:
the input end of the delay switch is connected with the output end of the comparator, and the delay switch generates an enable signal according to the second pulse signal; and
the input end of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the output end of the ray converter and the output end of the delay switch respectively, the analog-to-digital converter receives the pulse radiation signal according to the enabling signal and generates an accumulated value of the amplitude of the pulse radiation signal in an acquisition period, the input end of the processor is connected with the output end of the delay switch and the output end of the analog-to-digital converter respectively, and the processor calculates the intensity of ionizing radiation according to the accumulated value.
2. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the radiation converter comprises a scintillation crystal for converting ionizing radiation into a visible light signal and a photoelectric conversion device coupled to the scintillation crystal for converting the visible light signal into a pulsed radiation signal.
3. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the comparator converts the pulsed radiation signal to a second pulsed signal by a preset threshold.
4. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the pulsed radiation signal is an electrical pulse signal.
5. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the delay switch triggers and generates the enable signal when the width of the second pulse signal is greater than the corresponding widths of the three pulsed radiation signals.
6. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the second pulse signal is a square wave pulse signal.
7. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the enable signal is a level signal.
8. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 4, wherein the accumulated value is an accumulated voltage value of the pulsed radiation signal over one period.
9. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 8, wherein the processor calculates the intensity of ionizing radiation by the formula:
DoseRate＝k*ΣA，
wherein DoseRate is the dose rate, k is a constant, and A is the amplitude of a single pulse radiation signal.
10. The pulsed radiation detection circuit of claim 1, wherein the processor is an MCU.
11. A pulsed radiation detection device, characterized in that the detection device comprises a radiation converter and a pulsed radiation detection circuit according to any of claims 1-10, an output of the radiation converter being connected to an input of the comparator, the radiation converter receiving ionizing radiation and converting the ionizing radiation into a pulsed radiation signal.
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| FR2951036A1 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DEVICE FOR PROCESSING A SIGNAL DELIVERED BY A RADIATION DETECTOR |
| JP5555660B2 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-07-23 | 日立Ｇｅニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | Radiation measurement apparatus and method |
| CN102707308A (en) * | 2012-06-24 | 2012-10-03 | 吴雪梅 | Single-GM counting tube wide-range radiation detection method |
| CN103529470B (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-11-18 | 东南大学 | A kind of nuclear radiation detection system and method being applied to field of safety check |
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