CN111173843A

CN111173843A - Loading method, loading equipment and mounting method for pre-tightening force of rolling bearing

Info

Publication number: CN111173843A
Application number: CN201811331436.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹晓飞; 凯文·艾伦; 桥西·沙塔努; 余宁; 赵雷; 肖鹏; 熊凯; 程海荣
Original assignee: John Deere Tianjin Co Ltd
Current assignee: John Deere Tianjin Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-09
Filing date: 2018-11-09
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-09
Also published as: CN111173843B

Abstract

The application discloses a loading method, loading equipment and an installation method for pre-tightening force of a rolling bearing. Wherein the rolling bearing is arranged between the shaft and the housing; one end of the shaft is provided with a tightening piece and a pressure plate; the gap distance between the pressure plate and the end surface of the shaft is changed by rotating the screwing piece; the loading method of the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing comprises the following steps: rotating the tightening member; acquiring a rotation resistance moment when the shell and the shaft rotate relatively; measuring the clearance distance when the rotational resistance torque reaches a value less than a predetermined value; the predetermined value is less than a target value of the rotational resistance torque; determining a target thickness of the gasket according to the gap distance; a spacer having the target thickness is fitted between the pressure plate and the end surface of the shaft, and the tightening member is screwed until the rotation resistance torque reaches the target value. This application can apply suitable pretightning force to the bearing in axle assembling process.

Description

Loading method, loading equipment and mounting method for pre-tightening force of rolling bearing

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of bearing pre-tightening installation, in particular to a loading method and loading equipment for pre-tightening force of a rolling bearing and an installation method for an axle bearing.

Background

The pre-tightening of the rolling bearing means that after the bearing is assembled, a certain mode is used for applying a constant force on the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing along the axial direction of the inner ring or the outer ring of the bearing, and the force is kept to enable the inner ring and the outer ring to generate relative movement along the axial direction, so that on one hand, the internal clearance of the bearing can be eliminated, on the other hand, the rolling body can be forced to be in close contact with the inner ring and the outer ring, and certain deformation is generated at the contact position. Since this deformation is not a result of the bearing being loaded, it is referred to as pre-deformation.

When the bearing after pre-tightening works, the bearing bears the same load, and the contact deformation of the bearing is smaller than that of the bearing without pre-tightening, so that the support rigidity of the bearing can be improved by pre-tightening the bearing, and a certain abrasion loss of the bearing in use can be compensated.

The axle is one of the key parts of the whole machine and bears the weight of the whole vehicle and the transmission of working power. In the working process, the axle needs to bear larger load, the axle half shaft shell is static relative to the whole vehicle, and the axle half shaft is static relative to the whole vehicle tire. In the working process of the whole vehicle, the axle bears pressure, and meanwhile, the inner structure is required to be ensured to be in a sealing state, and sealing is realized through the sealing ring made of rubber. The pressure is received by a pair of tapered roller thrust bearings installed face to face.

The sealing effect, the service life of the sealing ring and the service life of the bearing are mainly determined by the pretightening state (also called as the compression state) in the bearing installation process. When the bearing is pre-tightened too tightly, the service life of a sealing ring and the service life of the bearing are reduced; when the bearing is loosened in a pre-tightening mode, the sealing effect is poor, the oil leakage problem can occur, and the service lives of the sealing ring and the bearing can be influenced.

However, in the process of assembling the axle, the bearing is pre-tightened mainly by experience, so that the requirement on operators is high, the influence of human factors is large, and the problem of poor pre-tightening is easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the application aims to provide a loading method and a loading device for pre-tightening force of a rolling bearing and an installation method for an axle bearing, so that proper pre-tightening force can be applied to the bearing in an axle assembling process.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows:

a loading method of pre-tightening force of rolling bearings is characterized in that at least one rolling bearing is arranged between a shaft and a shell to enable the shaft and the shell to rotate relatively; one end of the shaft is provided with a tightening piece and a pressing plate for pressing the rolling bearing along the axial direction; the clearance distance between the pressure plate and the end surface of the shaft is changed by rotating the tightening piece so as to adjust the pretightening force applied to the rolling bearing; the loading method of the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing comprises the following steps:

rotating the tightening member;

acquiring a rotation resistance moment when the shell and the shaft rotate relatively;

measuring the clearance distance when the rotational resistance torque reaches a value less than a predetermined value; the predetermined value is less than a target value of the rotational resistance torque;

determining a target thickness of the gasket according to the gap distance;

a spacer having the target thickness is fitted between the pressure plate and the end surface of the shaft, and the tightening member is screwed until the rotation resistance torque reaches the target value.

As a preferred embodiment, the step of obtaining the rotation resistance torque when the housing and the shaft rotate relatively includes: and acquiring the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing when the shell and the shaft rotate relatively.

As a preferred embodiment, the step of acquiring the rotational resistance torque of the rolling bearing includes:

measuring an initial rotational resistance moment of the housing;

measuring the rotation resistance torque of the shell in the rotation process of the shell;

and subtracting the initial rotation resistance torque from the shell rotation resistance torque to obtain the rotation resistance torque of the rolling bearing.

As a preferred embodiment, the step of measuring the initial rotational resistance moment of the housing includes:

driving the housing when the tightening member connects the pressure plate and the shaft and the pressure plate does not apply a pre-load force to the rolling bearing;

and measuring a driving torque value when the shell rotates, and taking the driving torque value as an initial rotation resistance moment.

As a preferred embodiment, the loading method further includes:

after measuring the initial rotational resistance moment of the housing, tightening the tightening member to a predetermined tightening torque;

and then the screwing piece is screwed at equal intervals, and the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing is measured once every time the screwing piece is screwed until the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing reaches the preset value.

In a preferred embodiment, the angular extent of the separation angle is in the range of 3 ° to 10 °.

In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined value is half of the target value.

In a preferred embodiment, the target value is M ═ a × M₀(ii) a It is composed ofIn the specification, A is the number of rolling bearings; m₀Is the starting friction torque of the rolling bearing.

As a preferred embodiment, the target thickness of the shim is determined from the gap distance according to the following formula:

h＝H-α

wherein H is the target thickness of the gasket, H is the gap distance, and α is a calibration value and a constant.

As a preferred embodiment, the loading method further includes:

tightening the tightening member compresses the washer between the pressure plate and the end surface of the shaft.

In a preferred embodiment, the rolling bearing is a tapered roller bearing; the tightening piece is a bolt.

Loading equipment for pre-tightening force of a rolling bearing, wherein the loading equipment is used for implementing any one of the loading methods; wherein the loading device comprises:

a screwing piece rotating unit for rotating the screwing piece; the screwing piece rotating unit is provided with a first torque measuring module for measuring the torque applied to the screwing piece;

the driving unit is used for driving the shell to rotate; the drive unit is provided with a second torque measuring module for measuring the amount of drive torque applied to the housing.

As a preferred embodiment, the drive unit comprises a motor, and a workpiece driver; the workpiece driving piece can be matched with the shell; the motor drives the workpiece driving piece through a belt so as to drive the shell to rotate.

An axle bearing installation method applies the loading method of any one of the above embodiments, or applies the loading device of any one of the above embodiments.

Has the advantages that:

according to the loading method, a spacing gap is determined by adopting a preset value smaller than a target value, a corresponding gasket is selected according to the spacing gap, the target value of the rotation resistance torque can be reached only when the tightening piece is screwed when the gasket meets the target thickness, and the error prevention measure is arranged in the loading process, so that an operator is prevented from adopting a gasket with wrong thickness, the possibility of gap existing in bearing assembly is prevented, and the bearing assembly is ensured to be accurate and loaded with proper pretightening force.

Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.

It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for loading preload force of a rolling bearing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for loading preload of a rolling bearing provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the steps for applying preload to axle bearings using the apparatus of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the axle construction employed in fig. 3.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a housing; 2. a shaft; 3. a rolling bearing; 4. a tightening member; 5. pressing a plate; 6. a conductive structure; 7. a seal ring; 8. a support table; 9. a tightening machine; 10. a workpiece driving member; 11. a motor; 12. a second torque measurement module; 13. a belt; 1', a semi-axle housing; 2', half shafts; 3a, an upper bearing; 3b, a lower bearing; 4' and a bolt.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Please refer to fig. 1 to 4. The embodiment of the application provides a method for loading pretightening force of a rolling bearing. At least one rolling bearing 3 is arranged between the shaft 2 and the shell 1 to enable the shaft 2 and the shell 1 to rotate relatively. One end of the shaft 2 has a tightening member 4 and a pressure plate 5 for pressing the rolling bearing 3 in the axial direction. The clearance distance between the pressure plate 5 and the end face of the shaft 2 is changed by rotating the tightening member 4, so as to adjust the pretightening force applied to the rolling bearing 3. The tightening member 4 may be a bolt, such as a half bolt 4'.

The rolling bearing 3 has at least one outer ring and at least one inner ring. And rolling bodies are arranged between the outer ring and the inner ring. Specifically, the rolling bearing 3 may be a tapered roller bearing, a deep groove ball bearing, or the like, and the application is not limited thereto. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the rolling bearing 3 is a tapered roller bearing.

In the method for loading the preload of the rolling bearing, the preload may also be referred to as preload. By applying pretightening force to the rolling bearing 3, the rolling bearing 3 can exert better working efficiency. In this embodiment, the pre-tightening force is an axial load. Accordingly, the loading method is used to apply a suitable axial prestress to the rolling bearing 3.

The shaft 2 is supported in the housing 1 by a rolling bearing 3. The rolling bearing 3 and the shaft 2 may be an interference fit. In the present embodiment, two tapered roller bearings 3a, 3b preloaded against each other are used to support the shaft 2 in the housing 1 such that the shaft 2 rotates relative to the housing 1, and correspondingly, the housing 1 can be dragged in rotation by means of the two rolling bearings 3a, 3b while the shaft 2 is stationary.

The shaft 2 is of a T-shaped structure as a whole, one end of the shaft 2 far away from the pressure plate 5 is provided with a support platform 8 (preferably an integral structure) formed by expanding the diameter in the circumferential direction, the upper rolling bearing 3a is pressed between the pressure plate 5 and the upper end of the shell 1, and the lower rolling bearing 3b is pressed between the support platform 8 and the lower end of the shell 1. The pressure plate 5 has a conducting structure 6, and the conducting structure 6 and the pressure plate 5 may be an integral structure, or the conducting structure 6 may be fixedly connected to the side of the cover plate facing the bearing by welding or other fixing means.

The conducting structure 6 may be a cylindrical structure. When the tightening part 4 connects the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2, the conducting structure 6 of the pressure plate 5 directly contacts the bearing, the clearance distance between the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2 is reduced along with the gradual tightening of the tightening part 4, and the conducting structure 6 applies axial load (pretightening force) to the bearing.

The loading method of the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing can be applied to the installation of an axle bearing. In this case, the housing 1 is a half-axle housing 1' of a vehicle axle; the shaft 2 is a half shaft 2' of an axle; the screwing piece 4 is a half shaft bolt 4' of an axle; the rolling bearings 3 are tapered roller bearings, and are two in number.

When the reader faces fig. 1 and 4, the lower tapered roller bearing is pressed between the lower end of the axle shaft 2 ' and the lower end of the axle housing 1 ', and a seal ring 7 is provided between the lower tapered roller bearing 3b (hereinafter referred to as a lower bearing 3b) and the lower end of the axle shaft 2 ' (a support base 8), and the seal ring 7 can be oil-sealed by floating. The pressure plate 5 is connected to the other side of the axle shaft 2 'by an axle shaft bolt 4', and a conductive projection (one embodiment of a conductive structure 6) of the pressure plate 5 surrounds the upper end of the axle shaft 2 'and presses an upper tapered roller bearing 3a (hereinafter referred to as an upper bearing 3a) between the upper end and the upper end of the axle housing 1'. A spacer 14 is disposed between the pressing plate 5 and the upper end surface of the half shaft 2'. By placing a spacer 14 of a desired thickness, the purpose of applying a suitable pretension to the rolling bearing 3 is achieved.

In one embodiment of the application, the method for loading the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing comprises the following steps:

s100, rotating the tightening piece 4.

S200, acquiring the rotation resistance moment when the shell 1 and the shaft 2 rotate relatively.

S300, when the rotation resistance torque reaches a value smaller than a preset value, measuring the gap distance; the predetermined value is smaller than the target value of the rotational resistance torque.

And S400, determining the target thickness of the gasket 14 according to the gap distance.

S500, fitting a spacer 14 having the target thickness between the pressure plate 5 and the end surface of the shaft 2, and screwing the tightening member 4 until the rotation resistance torque reaches the target value.

In the method for loading the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing provided by this embodiment, when the rotation resistance torque reaches a value smaller than a predetermined value, the gap distance is measured, the gasket 14 with a corresponding thickness is selected according to the gap distance, the tightening member 4 is then rotated until the rotation resistance torque reaches the target value, and if the thickness of the selected gasket 14 is greater than the target thickness, the target value cannot be reached when the tightening member 4 is screwed, so that an operator is reminded that the selected gasket 14 is an error gasket until the replaced gasket 14 is the target thickness, and the rolling bearing 3 is loaded with a proper pre-tightening force. Therefore, the method for loading the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing provided by the embodiment can apply a proper pre-tightening force to the bearing in the axle assembling process.

In addition, when the spacer 14 selected by the operator is smaller than the target thickness, tightening the bolt (an embodiment of the tightening element 4) will find that the initially measured rotational resistance torque is larger than the target value of the rotational resistance torque, so as to remind the operator that the spacer 14 selected is a wrong spacer until the replaced spacer 14 is the target thickness, thereby ensuring that the rolling bearing 3 is loaded with a proper pre-tightening force.

There is no obvious sequential execution sequence between step S100 and step S200, and the rotation resistance torque may be measured while rotating the tightening member 4, or the rotation resistance torque may be measured while rotating the tightening member 4 multiple times, each time the tightening member 4 is rotated.

In step S100, screwing the tightening member 4 may be to gradually tighten the tightening member 4. In this case, the gap distance between the pressure plate 5 and the end surface of the shaft 2 is reduced from a low preload of the rolling bearing 3 by screwing the bolt 4', and the preload applied to the rolling bearing 3 is gradually increased.

In other embodiments, the tightening member 4 may be gradually loosened from a higher initial value by rotating the tightening member 4, and the preload (pre-tightening force) applied to the rolling bearing 3 may be gradually reduced until the requirement of step S300 is met. In this case, the bolt 4 'brings the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2 into a tightened state, the rotational resistance torque is larger than a target value, the bolt 4' is gradually loosened by rotation, the gap distance between the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2 is enlarged, and the pre-tightening force applied by the noble rolling bearing 3 is gradually reduced.

In step S100, the screwing member 4 may be screwed manually or automatically by the apparatus. For example, the bolt 4 'is rotated manually by a wrench one by one, and the rotational resistance torque is measured every time the bolt 4' is rotated. Preferably, the bolt 4' can be screwed by means of a screwing machine 9. The tightening machine 9 may have a torque measuring module thereon to measure and obtain the screwing torque of the bolt 4 'in real time during screwing of the bolt 4'.

In step S200, the acquired rotation resistance torque may be the rotation resistance torque of the housing 1 or the rotation resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3. In the case of a pressure plate 5 which does not apply a preload to the bearing, a certain drive torque is required to drive the housing 1 and the shaft 2 to rotate relative to one another, which drive torque is the initial rotational resistance torque of the housing 1. Accordingly, the rotational resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3 may be the rotational resistance torque of the housing 1 minus the initial rotational resistance torque of the housing 1.

Specifically, considering that the axle is provided with an oil seal structure at the outer end face of the rolling bearing 3, it is first necessary to overcome an oil seal resistance (torque) when the drive housing 1 and the shaft 2 are relatively rotated, and the initial rotational resistance torque includes the oil seal resistance torque. Specifically, the oil seal resistance can be measured by dragging the driving housing 1 to rotate, and thus, the oil seal resistance can also be referred to as oil seal dragging resistance.

In the present embodiment, the step of acquiring the rotational resistance torque when the housing 1 and the shaft 2 rotate relatively (step S200) includes: s200', the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing 3 is obtained when the shell 1 and the shaft 2 rotate relatively. In this step S200', the rotational resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3 can be acquired by driving the housing 1 to rotate; the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing 3 can also be obtained by driving the shaft 2 to rotate. For the convenience of measurement, the rotation resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3 is obtained by driving the housing 1 to rotate in the present embodiment.

Specifically, the step of measuring the rotational resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3 may include: measuring an initial rotational resistance moment of the housing 1; measuring the rotation resistance moment of the shell 1 in the rotation process of the shell 1; and subtracting the initial rotation resistance moment from the rotation resistance moment of the shell 1 to obtain the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing 3.

The step of measuring the initial rotational resistance moment of the housing 1 may be embodied as: firstly, the housing 1 is driven when the tightening member 4 connects the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2 and the pressure plate 5 does not apply a preload to the rolling bearing 3; then, a drive torque value at the time of rotation of the housing 1 is measured, and the drive torque value is used as an initial rotation resistance torque.

When measuring the initial rotational resistance torque, the tightening element 4 is primarily connected between the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2, without the pressure plate 5 exerting an axial pretension on the rolling bearing 3. In the standing state of the shaft 2 shown in fig. 1 and 4, the pressure plate 5 applies only gravity to the rolling bearing 3 at this time. Accordingly, the bolt 4' (an embodiment of the tightening element 4) can be screwed with a low force in this case. When the pressure plate 5 applies a pretightening force to the rolling bearing 3, the force required for rotating the bolt needs to be gradually increased.

The housing 1 can be driven by a power motor 11, and the motor 11 is provided with a second torque measurement module 12. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the motor 11 rotates the housing 1 via a belt 13. The second torque measuring module 12 can measure the torque (rotation resistance torque) required for the motor 11 to rotate the housing 1 around the shaft 2. When the initial rotation resistance torque of the housing 1 is measured, the driving torque provided by the motor 11 may be gradually increased until the housing 1 rotates, and the torque value measured by the second torque measurement module 12 at this time is the initial rotation resistance torque of the housing 1.

In this embodiment, to accelerate the loading efficiency, the loading method may further include the steps of: after measuring the initial rotational resistance moment of the housing 1, tightening the tightening member 4 to a predetermined tightening torque; and then the screwing piece 4 is screwed at equal intervals, and the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing 3 is measured once every time the screwing piece 4 is screwed until the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing 3 reaches the preset value. Specifically, the angle range of the interval angle is 3-10 degrees. In the present embodiment, the interval angle may be 5 °. The predetermined tightening torque may be 30N · m, which can be obtained by a torque wrench when screwing the tightening member 4.

In other embodiments, the predetermined value may be gradually applied by using an equally spaced angle method directly after measuring the initial rotational resistance moment of the housing 1. Of course, the number of tightening at equal angular intervals can be reduced by first tightening the bolt directly to a predetermined torque, starting from a higher initial resistance torque. The predetermined torque may be empirically derived, and may be a torque value near the predetermined value.

In the embodiment of the present application, the target value may be a fixed value, and may be a range value, and the present application is not limited. Preferably, the target value is a range of values, such as: the target value in the example shown in FIG. 3 is 8-16 N.m. In the present embodiment, the predetermined value is smaller than the target value, and when the target value is the range value, the predetermined value is smaller than the minimum value of the range value.

In the present embodiment, the predetermined value may be half of the target value. The predetermined value may be a fixed value or a range of values. Preferably, when the target value is a range value, the corresponding predetermined value may also be a range value, so as to be convenient for the operator to implement. The corresponding gap distance is measured when the rotational resistance torque reaches half of the target value to determine the corresponding target thickness of the spacer 14. Only when the extracted spacer 14 has a target thickness, the bolt cannot be tightened until the rotational resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3 reaches the target value in step S500.

If the thickness of the taken gasket 14 is too large (too thick), the rotation resistance torque of the rolling bearing 3 cannot reach the target value after the bolt is tightened, so that the taken gasket 14 is known to be a wrong gasket, the gasket 14 with the target thickness is replaced again, and the rolling bearing 3 is ensured to be under the proper pre-tightening force.

Since the gap is determined by a predetermined value smaller than the target value, the current state of the bearing (the state when the rotation resistance torque is the predetermined value) still does not reach the required target preload state, and even if the bearing 3 maintains the current state due to the interference fit with the shaft 2, the tightening of the tightening member 4 is required to be continued after the replacement of the gasket 14 having the target thickness to reach the target value of the rotation resistance torque, and if the thickness of the gasket 14 is too large, the gap distance between the pressure plate 5 and the end surface of the shaft 2 is too large to reach the target value of the rotation resistance torque.

In the present embodiment, the number of the rolling bearings 3 may be at least one. Wherein the target value is

Wherein, A is the number of the rolling bearings 3; m_iIs the starting friction torque of the i-th rolling bearing 3.

In the present embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 4, two rolling bearings 3 are provided, and the starting frictional torque of the two rolling bearings 3a and 3b is M₁、M₂. The target value is M ═ M₁+M₂. The predetermined value is M/2. When the rolling bearings 3 are identical bearings, the target value is M ═ a × M₀(ii) a Wherein, A is the number of the rolling bearings 3; m₀Is the starting friction torque of the rolling bearing 3. In other embodiments, the rolling bearing 3 is a rolling bearing of different parameters (e.g. diameter, type). Accordingly, M ═ M₁+M₂+···M_A. Wherein a is the number of rolling bearings 3.

in the embodiment of the present application, the target thickness of the gasket 14 is determined according to the following formula, where H is H- α, H is the target thickness of the gasket 14, H is the gap distance, α is a calibration value, and α is a constant, which is a calibration value and can be obtained empirically, or according to a corresponding calibration value measured for different gap distances through a large number of experiments, α represents the sum of the common effects of the deformation amount and the pressure increment displacement amount of the gasket 14.

The spacer 14 selected to have the target thickness is smaller than the gap distance in step S300, so that after the spacer 14 is mounted, the rotation resistance torque when the original gap distance (the gap distance in step S300) is reached cannot reach the target value, and the tightening of the tightening member 4 is continued until the target value is reached. Therefore, when the spacer 14 selected by the operator is larger than the target thickness, the distance between the pressure plate 5 and the end face of the shaft 2 is too large, and the target value cannot be reached after the tightening piece 4 is screwed, so that the operator is reminded to replace the accurate spacer 14, the influence of human factors is eliminated, and the bearing is guaranteed to be applied with proper pretightening force.

In this embodiment, the loading method may further include the steps of: tightening the tightening member 4 causes the washer 14 to be compressed between the pressure plate 5 and the end surface of the shaft 2. Therefore, when the thickness of the selected gasket 14 is smaller than the target thickness, after the screwing piece 4 (such as a bolt) is screwed, the distance between the pressing plate 5 and the end face of the shaft 2 is too small due to the fact that the thickness of the gasket 14 is too small, and the target value is easily exceeded after the screwing piece 4 is screwed, so that an operator is reminded to replace the accurate gasket 14, the influence of human factors is eliminated, and the application of proper pretightening force to the bearing is guaranteed.

According to the loading method provided by the embodiment, a spacing gap is determined by adopting a preset value smaller than a target value, the corresponding gasket 14 is selected according to the spacing gap, and the target value of the rotation resistance torque can be reached only when the tightening piece 4 is screwed when the gasket 14 meets the target thickness.

The embodiment of the application also provides loading equipment of the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing, and the loading equipment is used for implementing a loading method of the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing, so that the automation of pre-tightening of the bearing can be realized, the labor is saved, the production efficiency is improved, and the influence of human factors can be effectively eliminated. Wherein the loading device comprises: a screwing member 4 screwing unit for screwing the screwing member 4, and a driving unit for driving the housing 1 to rotate.

The tightening member 4 tightening unit has a first torque measuring module for measuring the amount of torque applied to the tightening member 4. The torque applied to the tightening member 4 is grasped by the first torque measuring module, and the tightening degree of the tightening member 4 is conveniently controlled. The drive unit is provided with a second torque measuring module 12 for measuring the amount of drive torque applied to the housing 1. The rotating unit of the tightening member 4 may be a tightening machine 9 or a torque wrench, and the application is not limited thereto. In order to facilitate automatic operation and reduce the influence of human factors, the rotating unit of the tightening member 4 may be a tightening machine 9, and the tightening machine 9 is provided with a first torque measuring module.

Specifically, the drive unit includes a motor 11, and a workpiece carrier 10. The workpiece driver 10 can be matched with the shell 1; the motor 11 drives the workpiece driving part 10 through a belt 13 to drive the shell 1 to rotate. The workpiece driving member 10 may be a transmission sleeve, a rod body, a protruding structure, or the like, and only the workpiece driving member 10 can be matched with the casing 1 (preferably, the outer wall of the casing 1) to drive the casing 1 to rotate around the shaft 2. The workpiece carrier 10 is capable of restricting the rotation of the housing 1 and is rotatable together therewith, and accordingly, the workpiece carrier 10 is movable in the axial direction of the shaft 2 to be engaged with the housing 1 or disengaged from the housing 1.

The loading equipment for the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing, provided by the embodiment, can realize automatic control of bearing pre-tightening, is more stable in the pre-tightening applying process, can reach a higher control level, and has a more accurate pre-tightening force loading implementation method.

The embodiment of the application also provides an axle bearing installation method, which applies the loading method described in any embodiment or implementation mode, or applies the loading equipment described in any implementation mode or implementation mode.

The specific scenario of pre-tensioning the tapered roller bearing of the axle shown in fig. 4 is described in detail below in conjunction with fig. 3 to provide a better understanding of the present application.

The axle is placed upright on the console and the side bolts 4 'are turned by the tightening machine 9 so that the pressure plate 5 and the shaft 2 remain connected while the side bolts 4' are not tightened and the force exerted by the pressure plate 5 on the upper bearing 3a is dominated by gravity. At this time, by starting the motor 11, the motor 11 drives the axle housing 1' via the workpiece driver 10 via the belt 13. The driving torque provided by the motor 11 is gradually increased, and when the axle housing 1' rotates, the second torque measuring module records the current torque value: the oil seal drag torque a, that is, the initial rotational resistance torque of the axle housing 1'.

The half-shaft bolts 4' are tightened by the tightening machine 9 until the applied torque reaches 30N · m. At the moment, the axle housing 1 'is dragged to rotate through the belt 13, and the corresponding rotation resistance torque B of the axle housing 1' is measured. And B-A obtains the rotation resistance moment C of the bearing. And judging whether C is positioned at [5,8 ]. If C does not satisfy the condition, the half-shaft bolt 4 ' is tightened by 5 degrees through the tightening machine 9, then the corresponding value of C is obtained through measurement, and whether C satisfies the condition or not is judged, if so, the clearance distance H between the pressure plate 5 and the (upper) end surface of the half shaft 2 ' is measured, and if not, the half-shaft bolt 4 ' is repeatedly tightened by 5 degrees until C satisfies the condition.

and selecting a corresponding calibration value according to the clearance distance H, and obtaining the target thickness of the required gasket 14 according to H-alpha, wherein an operator selects the corresponding gasket 14 to be installed between the pressure plate 5 and the end face of the half shaft 2 ', screws the half shaft bolt 4 ', judges whether C is positioned at (8, 16), if C does not meet the condition, screws the half shaft bolt 4 ' by 5 degrees through a screwing machine 9, measures to obtain a corresponding C value, judges whether C meets the condition, if C meets the condition, finishes bearing pre-tightening assembly, if C does not reach (8, 16) after the half shaft bolt 4 ' is screwed, or, directly exceeds (8, 16) after the half shaft bolt 4 ' is screwed, indicates that the selected gasket 14 is not the target thickness, and reminds the operator to select the gasket 14 with the correct thickness for re-judgment, thereby ensuring the accuracy of bearing pre-tightening assembly.

Any numerical value recited herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value that are incremented by one unit, provided that there is a separation of at least two units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if it is stated that the number of a component or a value of a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, and more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that equivalents such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also expressly enumerated in this specification. For values less than 1, one unit is suitably considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are only examples of what is intended to be explicitly recited, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value that are explicitly recited in the specification in a similar manner are to be considered.

Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. The use of "about" or "approximately" with a range applies to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to about 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30", including at least the endpoints specified.

All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.

A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.

It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the inventors be construed as having contemplated such subject matter as being part of the disclosed subject matter.

Claims

1. A loading method of pre-tightening force of rolling bearings is characterized in that at least one rolling bearing is arranged between a shaft and a shell to enable the shaft and the shell to rotate relatively; one end of the shaft is provided with a tightening piece and a pressing plate for pressing the rolling bearing along the axial direction; the clearance distance between the pressure plate and the end surface of the shaft is changed by rotating the tightening piece so as to adjust the pretightening force applied to the rolling bearing; the loading method of the pre-tightening force of the rolling bearing comprises the following steps:

rotating the tightening member;

determining a target thickness of the gasket according to the gap distance;

2. The loading method of claim 1, wherein: the step of acquiring the rotation resistance torque when the housing and the shaft rotate relatively includes: and acquiring the rotation resistance moment of the rolling bearing when the shell and the shaft rotate relatively.

3. The loading method of claim 2, wherein: the step of acquiring the rotational resistance torque of the rolling bearing includes:

measuring an initial rotational resistance moment of the housing;

4. A loading method according to claim 3, wherein: the step of measuring an initial rotational resistance moment of the housing includes:

5. The loading method of claim 3, further comprising:

6. A loading method according to claim 5, wherein the angular extent of the angular separation is in the range 3 ° -10 °.

7. A loading method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined value is half the target value.

8. The loading method of claim 1, wherein the target value is

Wherein A is the number of rolling bearings; m_iOf the i-th rolling bearingThe friction torque is initiated.

9. The loading method of claim 1, wherein the target thickness of the shim is determined from the gap distance according to the formula:

h＝H-α

10. The loading method of claim 1, further comprising:

11. The loading method of claim 1, wherein the rolling bearing is a tapered roller bearing; the tightening piece is a bolt.

12. A device for loading pre-load forces on rolling bearings, said device being adapted to carry out the loading method according to any one of claims 1 to 11; wherein the loading device comprises:

13. The loading apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the drive unit includes a motor, and a workpiece carrier; the workpiece driving piece can be matched with the shell; the motor drives the workpiece driving piece through a belt so as to drive the shell to rotate.

14. A method of mounting an axle bearing, characterized in that a loading method according to any one of claims 1-11 is applied, or a loading apparatus according to claim 12 or 13 is applied.