CN111173006B - Ecological slope protection method for reinforcing hilly soil by combining permeable retaining wall and sounding type bar planting belt - Google Patents
Ecological slope protection method for reinforcing hilly soil by combining permeable retaining wall and sounding type bar planting belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN111173006B CN111173006B CN202010009307.3A CN202010009307A CN111173006B CN 111173006 B CN111173006 B CN 111173006B CN 202010009307 A CN202010009307 A CN 202010009307A CN 111173006 B CN111173006 B CN 111173006B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
- E02D2300/002—Concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
- E02D2300/0034—Steel; Iron in wire form
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological slope protection method for reinforcing sloping soil by combining a permeable retaining wall and a sounding type steel bar planting belt, which mainly utilizes a method integrating sounding exploration and construction into a whole, arranges an anti-skidding short pile to a designed depth to reinforce a potential deep sliding surface, and ties a steel bar planting belt (a hydrophilic reinforced belt) and the anti-skidding short pile, wherein the hydrophilic reinforced belt is equivalent to increase the root length (pseudo-rooting) of slope plants, makes up the defect that the slope soil cannot be effectively reinforced due to shorter plant roots, and can effectively realize the reinforcement and ecological protection of deep and shallow slope soil by combining dense backfill or self-silt soil around the steel bar planting belt. Meanwhile, the slope surface storage and drainage ditch is manufactured by paving a waterproof film or a concrete slab on the side surface and the bottom of the ditch, filling permeable broken stones in the ditch and paving permeable concrete on the top surface of the ditch, so that rainfall can smoothly drain into a guide and drainage ditch along the slope direction after entering the storage and drainage ditch and further drain to the drainage ditch at the slope toe. The permeable retaining wall of the toe replaces the existing common stone-built retaining wall easy to block holes, so that the sliding resistance and the drainage performance of slope soil are improved, and the problems that the strength of the slope soil is reduced after rainfall to cause soil arch effect failure and drainage is unsmooth after the drainage hole of the existing stone-built retaining wall is blocked to cause accumulated water instability of the toe are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of a retaining structure of a side slope and slope protection engineering, and particularly relates to a method for simultaneously reinforcing deep-layer slope soil and shallow-layer slope soil and ecologically protecting the slope.
Background
In order to prevent slope damage and landslide caused by rainfall, slope toe ponding, soaking and other effects, the traditional structural forms of slope cutting and load shedding, stone building and retaining wall, anti-slide pile and the like are adopted. If the engineering measures are properly designed and constructed, the slope can be generally prevented from being damaged, but the slope protection of the slide-resistant piles fails due to the fact that the soil arch effect fails because the strength of the slope soil is reduced after rainfall, or the engineering fails because drainage holes of the retaining wall are easy to block and drainage of the slope body is not smooth. Therefore, the existing gabion retaining wall is favored by engineering technicians due to the water permeability and flexibility, but still has the defects of certain material durability and construction difficulty. In addition, except that the support structure and protection of the side slope are severely limited by economy, the relationship between the side slope reinforcement and the ecological environment is less considered, the contradiction between the engineering side slope and the ecological side slope is one example at present, and in recent years, the country pays attention to the protection of the ecological environment, and the Qingshan in the green water is called the Jinshan Yinshan.
The water and soil conservation field admittedly recognizes that plants are natural engineers, the plants have the potential of shallow layer reinforcement and prevention of surface erosion, and have the advantages of low investment, easy maintenance, environmental protection, ecological balance and the like, so the plant slope protection technology is combined with the comprehensive treatment of slope engineering and is increasingly a popular choice for engineering technicians. However, in the research aspect of the plant ecological slope protection technology, the domestic start is relatively late, and at present, the slope greening is mainly performed by some garden companies. Ecological protection is mainly carried out by grass sowing, turf paving, hydraulic spray seeding and grass planting, three-dimensional net grass planting, lattice beam skeleton grass planting and other methods, but only the shallow layer reinforcement function of the root system of the herbaceous plant can be exerted, and the reinforcement and the ecological protection of deep slope soil cannot be realized. At present, the national standard 'technical specification of building slope engineering' does not consider the effect of plant slope protection, the national standard 'design specification of landslide prevention and control' only defines plant protection as 'an auxiliary prevention and control technology for reducing landslide slope scouring and erosion by adopting greening measures and beautifying landslide prevention and control engineering', and plant slope protection is far from being really brought into the specification and combined with slope reinforcement engineering so as to realize comprehensive treatment and bring out the best in each other.
Therefore, how to solve the problems needs to be considered from three aspects, namely how to reinforce a potential deep sliding surface, how to make up the defect that the common plant root system is short and cannot effectively reinforce the slope soil, and how to solve the problems that the soil arch effect fails due to the reduction of the strength of the slope soil after rainfall and the slope toe ponding is unstable due to the fact that the drainage holes of the existing masonry retaining wall are easy to block and then are unsmooth in drainage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological slope protection method for reinforcing slope soil by combining a permeable retaining wall and a sounding type bar planting belt aiming at the defects of the existing side slope retaining structure and the ecological protection technology, so as to simultaneously realize deep and shallow slope soil reinforcement of a side slope, especially reinforce a potential deep sliding surface, make up the defect that the slope soil cannot be effectively reinforced due to the short root system of a general plant, and solve the problems that the soil arch effect is invalid due to the reduction of the strength of the slope soil after rainfall and the slope toe ponding is unstable due to the unsmooth drainage of the drainage hole of the existing masonry retaining wall after being easily blocked.
The invention is provided based on the subsidies of national science fund projects (No: 51579167, 41977239), Sichuan key research fund projects (2020 YFS 0295) and Sichuan international scientific and technological innovation cooperation/Hongkong Australian scientific and technological innovation cooperation projects (2019 YFH 0076).
The method utilizes the anti-slip short pile to reinforce a potential deep sliding surface, and draws and ties the hydrophilic reinforcing rib belt (the reinforcing rib belt playing a role in vertical reinforcement) and the anti-slip short pile, which is equivalent to increase the root length of the plant (used as simulated rooting), makes up the defect that the common plant root system is short and cannot effectively reinforce the slope soil, and can effectively realize the reinforcement and ecological protection of the deep and shallow slope soil. Meanwhile, the permeable retaining wall of the toe slope is utilized to replace the existing commonly-used stone-built retaining wall which is easy to block holes, so that the sliding resistance and the drainage performance of slope soil are improved, and the problems that the strength of the slope soil is reduced after rainfall to cause soil arch effect failure and drainage is unsmooth after the drainage hole of the existing stone-built retaining wall is blocked to cause accumulated water instability of the toe slope are solved.
The invention relates to an ecological slope protection method for reinforcing hilly soil by combining a permeable retaining wall and a sounding type bar planting belt, which comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating a toe drainage ditch at the bottom of the side slope, excavating a storage drainage ditch on the slope surface perpendicular to the downslope direction, and excavating drainage guide ditches which are communicated with the storage drainage ditch and directly communicated with the toe drainage ditch in the downslope direction at two ends of the storage drainage ditch;
(2) embedding anti-sliding short piles into the deep layer of the slope body at intervals along the storage drainage ditch of the slope surface, wherein the embedding depth enables the anti-sliding short piles to be inserted into a hard soil layer or a bedrock of the slope body, connecting a reinforcement belt at the upper end of the anti-sliding short piles before embedding, and enabling the other end of the reinforcement belt to be exposed out of the storage drainage ditch after the short piles are embedded;
(3) arranging a cover plate along the water storage and drainage ditch, and fixing one end of the reinforced belt, which is exposed out of the water storage and drainage ditch, on the cover plate;
(4) laying a waterproof film or a waterproof concrete plate on the side wall and the bottom of a storage drainage ditch of the slope, filling permeable broken stones in the ditch, laying a layer of permeable concrete on the top surface of the ditch, placing a cover plate above the permeable concrete on the surface of the ditch, penetrating a reinforced belt through a reserved gap between the broken stones filled in the storage drainage ditch and the permeable concrete laid on the surface of the ditch, and tensioning and fixing the cover plate on the slope;
(5) constructing a pervious concrete retaining wall of the toe guard by pouring and rolling the toe, and excavating a toe drainage ditch on the outer side of the bottom of the retaining wall; arbor irrigation plants are planted on the slope surface at the bottom of the side slope, so that a root cushion layer is formed on the shallow layer of the side slope, the shallow side slope is reinforced, and water and soil loss is prevented.
Furthermore, before the anti-skid stub is buried in the step (2), a plurality of vertical holes are drilled in advance, and then the anti-skid stub is vertically inserted into the holes.
Furthermore, because the anti-slide short pile needs to be buried in hard soil or a foundation stratum in the deep position of the slope body, a lengthened steel sleeve for applying force is sleeved at the upper end of the anti-slide short pile in advance, so that the upper end of the steel sleeve is always higher than the slope surface in the process that the anti-slide short pile enters the slope body, the heavy hammer is convenient to beat and apply force, and the anti-slide short pile is pressed into or driven into the deep slope body by the gravity hammer.
A tenon pile head matched with the force application steel sleeve is arranged on the anti-sliding short pile, so that the steel sleeve can be firmly sleeved on the top of the anti-sliding short pile; the diameter of the tenon pile head is slightly smaller than that of the pile, and the tenon pile head is convexly arranged at the top of the anti-sliding short pile; the anti-skidding short pile can be a concrete pile or a prestressed pipe pile obtained by pouring concrete in a steel pipe, or a bundled short steel bar bundle with a conical head, when the anti-skidding short pile is the bundled short steel bar bundle, the length of 3-5 steel bars in the middle of the steel bar bundle is set to be 20-40 cm longer than that of other steel bars in the steel bar bundle so as to be used as a tenon pile head to be connected with the steel sleeve, and the steel sleeve which is thinner than the short steel bar bundle can be conveniently sleeved and inserted on the steel bar bundle and can be smoothly pulled out. In order to pull out the steel sleeve after the anti-skid stub is embedded, two side holes are symmetrically formed in the top end of the steel sleeve in advance, a bolt penetrates through the two side holes simultaneously, one end of a steel wire rope is tied and fixed on the bolt, and the other end of the steel wire rope extends out of the ground for pulling out the steel sleeve.
Furthermore, a short beam is transversely arranged at the inner part of the upper port of the steel sleeve and is used for fixing the other end of the reinforced belt on the short beam in a tensioning manner in the process of pressing or knocking the anti-skid short pile, so that the reinforced belt is kept tensioned and vertically embedded in a slope body. Preferably, the short beam is a cross beam.
Furthermore, the lower end of the anti-skid stub is in a cone shape, so that the anti-skid stub can enter a slope body more easily, and the short steel bar bundles are bound by steel wires and then are brushed with anti-rust paint or coated with asphalt for rust prevention.
Furthermore, after the anti-skid short pile is buried, the steel sleeve is gradually pulled out section by section, slope soil or broken stones are filled into the steel sleeve when one section of the steel sleeve is pulled out, the space where the steel sleeve is pulled out is filled until the filled soil is level to the bottom surface of the slope-shaped water storage and drainage ditch, and the filled soil is tamped.
Further, in the step (2), the penetration depth corresponding to the penetration resistance is recorded in the process of knocking the anti-skidding short pile, and the hard soil layer is guaranteed to be driven into according to the relation curve of the penetration resistance and the penetration depth and by combining with relevant specifications, the strength characteristic of the slope soil is evaluated (referring to the existing specifications, such as methods of piling regulations, dynamic penetration regulations and standard penetration test regulations, and the construction quality is controlled by adopting the final driving number).
Further, in the step (3), the other end of the reinforced band is fixed on the cover plate by arranging hooks or rings (two) on the bottom surface of the cover plate, and the reinforced band is tightened on the hooks or the two rings in a loop type after being tensioned.
Further, in the step (3), the cover plate is a reinforced concrete cover plate.
Further, in the step (4), after the cover plate is placed above the ditch surface pervious concrete, the reinforcing belt is tensioned and the cover plate is fixed, the cover plate can be lifted, and a broken stone cushion layer is filled under the cover plate until the reinforcing belt is tensioned.
Further, in the step (4) and the step (5), the permeable concrete is made of cement cured macadam or polyurethane cured macadam, and the permeable concrete is constructed in a layer-by-layer rolling manner.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme of the invention, the reinforced belt is a hydrophilic water-holding reinforced belt made of steel-plastic belts, nylon, polyester, polypropylene and other dense high-strength corrosion-resistant (water bubble is not broken) belts, not only has certain tensile strength, but also has good capillary water transport performance as if the plant can not reach the deep root system (root imitation), the reinforced belt protects the slope together with the shallow root system of the plant and the anti-skidding short pile, and the reinforced concrete cover plate is combined to enable the slope soil to be in a pressure-shear combined stress state, so that the anti-skidding stability of the slope soil is improved.
Further, the arbor and shrub plant in the step (5) can be selected from arbor, shrub or herbaceous plant.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the diameter of the anti-skidding short pile is preferably about 20-40 cm, and the length of the non-anchoring section is several meters (generally 1-3 meters long); the diameter of the short steel bar bundle with the conical head is preferably about 10-15 cm, and the length of the non-anchoring section is several meters (generally 1-3 meters long). The depth (length of anchoring section) of the slope body anchored in the hard soil layer or the bedrock is determined according to the specific hard soil layer and the bedrock of the slope body, and the depth is not less than 1m, and is preferably more than 3 m. The embedding distance of the anti-skid short piles along the storage drainage ditch is preferably 5-6 times of the diameter.
In the above technical solution of the present invention, the width of the trench surface of the drainage trench may adopt the sectional dimension of a conventional drainage trench, and the width of the cover plate may refer to the width of the top of the drainage trench.
The invention adopts an ecological slope protection mode of tying anti-slide short piles with hydrophilic reinforced belts and combining a permeable retaining wall, and the action principle is as follows: when rainfall infiltrates into the soil slope, the soil slope begins to slide downwards, the vertical hydrophilic reinforcement belts (vertical reinforcement function, also called as bar planting belts) in shallow slope soil receive increased sliding-down thrust to play a role in resisting sliding, and meanwhile, the reinforced concrete cover plates on the slope begin to be tensioned under the anchoring and anchoring functions of the small anti-sliding short piles, so that the slope soil generates positive pressure increment, and the anti-sliding force of the slope soil is increased according to Mohr-Kulun theorem, so that the downward sliding tendency of the slope soil is reduced. The rubble filled in the storage drainage ditch of the side slope discharges redundant rainfall to the guide drainage ditches along the slope direction at two sides of the slope section to be reinforced (the guide drainage ditches are used for discharging the rainwater collected by the storage drainage ditch of the slope along the slope, and are excavated while the storage drainage ditches are excavated), and then the rainwater is collected into the drainage ditches at the slope foot. The redundant water infiltrated in the slope body flows along the slope to the slope bottom in a seepage manner, and is directly discharged out of the slope body through the permeable retaining wall, so that the problem that the drainage holes of the traditional masonry retaining wall are easily blocked is solved. In arid seasons, the hydrophilic reinforced belt can also supply water in the deep part of the slope to the plant root system. The invention effectively realizes shallow layer reinforcement, deep layer reinforcement, slope toe drainage and ecological slope protection of the slope, is expected to promote the national standard 'construction slope engineering specification' and 'landslide prevention and control design specification' to consider the effect of plant slope protection, and is combined with the comprehensive treatment of slope engineering.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method of the invention utilizes the hydrophilic reinforced belts which are tied together with the anti-skidding short piles to play a role of imitating rooting and reinforce the slope soil in the deep layer (the depth range which can not be reached by the root system of the vegetation) of the side slope, thereby effectively reinforcing the side slope and solving the problem that the prior ecological slope protection technology can not effectively reinforce the deep slope soil. Meanwhile, the reinforcement effect of trees and shrubs on shallow slope soil is combined, the purpose of simultaneously protecting the deep layer and the shallow layer is achieved, and the overall stability of the slope is enhanced. In arid seasons, the hydrophilic reinforced belt can also supply water in the deep part of the slope to the plant root system.
2. The penetration type bar planting method realizes the simultaneous implementation of penetration investigation, bar planting belt construction and anti-slide short pile, records the penetration depth corresponding to the penetration resistance during bar planting construction in the process of driving the anti-slide short pile to penetrate, and evaluates the strength characteristic of the slope soil according to the relation curve of the penetration resistance and the penetration depth by combining the related existing specifications, such as a method of piling specification, power penetration specification and standard penetration test specification, and also ensures that the anti-slide short pile or the short steel bar bundle with the cone head is driven into the non-slide hard soil layer of the side slope.
3. When rainfall infiltrates into the soil slope to cause the slope soil to slide, the method of the invention utilizes the hydrophilic reinforced belt which is tied with the small anti-sliding short pile to play a role of anti-sliding and tighten the reinforced concrete cover plate (beam) of the slope surface, thereby leading the slope soil to generate positive pressure increment, improving the shear strength of the slope soil, reducing the downward sliding trend and greatly increasing the stability of the slope toe.
4. In the method, the storage and drainage ditch of the slope is jointly manufactured by paving a waterproof film or a concrete plate on the ditch side and the ditch bottom, filling permeable broken stones in the ditch and paving permeable concrete on the ditch top surface, so that rainfall can be smoothly drained into the water guide ditch after entering the storage and drainage ditch and further drained into the drainage ditch at the slope toe. The slope toe retaining wall is made of pervious concrete, so that the drainage capacity of slope soil is greatly improved, and the influence on the stability of the slope toe caused by the soaking of accumulated water on the surface slope toe is avoided.
5. In the method, the slope toe retaining wall is integrally made of pervious concrete, and is constructed by rolling, so that the construction is similar to the construction of embankment and earth-rock dam, the safety and the working hours are greatly improved, the mechanized construction is convenient, and the difficult problem that the masonry retaining wall is easy to go out of engineering accidents in the construction and rainfall is avoided.
6. The method has the advantages of reasonable mechanics, simple process, easy construction, high construction speed, convenient operation, low cost, easy popularization for ecological protection of the soil slope, contribution to shortening the construction period, reduction of the manufacturing cost and realization of good economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit.
Description of the drawings [0037] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a slope protection method of the present invention: (a) a curved sliding surface, (b) a linear sliding surface;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the slope protection method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cover plate (or called as the capping beam) and the gravel storage and drainage ditch under the cover plate;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the anti-skid stub (or called as a skid-resistant key), the hydrophilic reinforcing bar (bar-embedded belt) and the cover plate (beam) of the slope according to the slope protection method of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-anti-skid stub, 2-retaining wall, 3-reinforced band, 4-storage drainage ditch, 4-1-concrete slab, 4-2-cover plate, 4-3-broken stone, 4-broken stone cushion layer, 4-5-permeable concrete, 5-toe drainage ditch, 6-arbor irrigation plant, 7-hard soil layer or bedrock, 8-possible landslide body, 9-possible sliding surface.
Detailed description [0042] the process of the present invention is further illustrated by specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above disclosure and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The implementation of the ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hillock soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type bar planting belt is as follows:
(1) excavating a toe drainage ditch at the bottom of the side slope, excavating a storage drainage ditch 4 perpendicular to the slope surface in the downslope direction, and excavating drainage guide ditches communicated with the storage drainage ditch in the downslope direction at two ends of the storage drainage ditch;
(2) and (3) drilling a plurality of vertical holes at certain intervals along the water storage and drainage ditch by adopting a spiral drill in advance, and burying anti-sliding short piles in the holes by utilizing a gravity hammer. Because the anti-skidding short pile needs to be embedded into hard soil or a foundation stratum in the deep part of a slope body, the upper end of the short pile is sleeved with a lengthened steel sleeve for applying force, so that the upper end of the steel sleeve is always higher than the slope surface in the process that the anti-skidding short pile enters the slope body, a heavy hammer is convenient to beat and apply force, and the anti-skidding short pile is pressed into or driven into the deep slope body by utilizing a gravity hammer. The antiskid short pile is a concrete pile, the lower end of the antiskid short pile is a cone type which is convenient to prick into a soil layer, the upper end of the antiskid short pile is provided with a tenon pile head which is matched with the force application steel sleeve in an integrated mode, the tenon pile head is slightly smaller than the diameter of the pile in diameter and protrudes out of the top of the antiskid short pile, and the steel sleeve can be firmly sleeved on the top of the antiskid short pile. In addition, in order to extract the steel sleeve after the anti-sliding short pile is buried, two side holes are symmetrically formed in the top end of the steel sleeve in advance, a bolt penetrates through the two side holes simultaneously, one end of a steel wire rope is fixed to the bolt in a pulling mode, and the other end of the steel wire rope extends out of the ground and is used for pulling and extracting the steel sleeve.
The upper end of the anti-skid stub is provided with a hook, the reinforcement belt 3 is bound on the hook, and the other end of the reinforcement belt is bound on a cross beam arranged at the upper end of the steel sleeve. And inserting the lower end of the cone shape of the anti-slide short pile into the hole, knocking the anti-slide short pile into a deep slope body by using a gravity hammer, and embedding the anti-slide short pile into a hard soil layer or a bed rock 7 of the slope body by the embedding depth. The anti-skid stub has a diameter of about 30cm and a length of several meters, and is anchored into a hard soil layer or a bedrock to a depth of not less than 1m, preferably more than 3 m. The embedding interval of the anti-skid short piles along the storage drainage ditch is preferably 1-2 m. And in the process of beating the anti-skid stub, the other end of the reinforced belt is tensioned and fixed on the cross short beam at the top end of the steel sleeve, so that the reinforced belt is kept tensioned and vertically buried in a slope body. The corresponding penetration depth of the penetration resistance is recorded in the process of knocking the anti-slide short pile, and the strength characteristic of the slope soil is evaluated according to the relation curve of the penetration resistance and the penetration depth by combining with relevant specifications, so that the anti-slide short pile is ensured to enter a hard soil layer or bedrock, and the anchoring stability is improved.
Anchoring the anti-skidding short piles to a deep hard soil layer or a bedrock of a slope body, unfastening a reinforcement belt at the top of a steel sleeve, pulling out the steel sleeve section by section, filling slope soil or gravel into the steel sleeve when pulling out one section of the steel sleeve, filling the space where the steel sleeve is pulled out until the filled soil is flush with the bottom surface of a storage drainage ditch of the slope, and tamping the filled soil. And in the process of pulling out the steel sleeve, tensioning the reinforced belts to keep the reinforced belts in a tensioned state in the soil layer.
The hydrophilic reinforced strip is a water-holding reinforced strip made of steel-plastic strips, nylon, terylene or polypropylene fiber and other compact high-strength corrosion-resistant woven tapes, has certain tensile strength and good capillary water transport performance as if the plant can not reach deep root systems (simulated roots), and protects the side slope together with the shallow root systems and the anti-slip short piles of the plant, so that the slope soil is in a compression-shear combined stress state, and the anti-slip stability of the slope soil is improved.
(3) And a cover plate 4-2 is arranged along the water storage and drainage ditch, two rings are arranged on the bottom surface of the cover plate, and the reinforced belt is tensioned and then bound on the rings.
(4) Concrete slabs 4-1 are laid along the two side walls and the bottom of the water storage and drainage ditch, then gravels 4-3 are filled in the ditch until the gravels are flush with the slope surface, and a layer of pervious concrete 4-5 is laid on the ditch surface, wherein the pervious concrete is made of cement-cured gravels or polyurethane-cured gravels. And then placing the cover plate 4-2 above the permeable concrete 4-5 on the trench surface, tensioning the reinforcing belt and fixing the cover plate, lifting the cover plate, and filling a gravel cushion layer 4-4 under the cover plate until the hydrophilic reinforcing belt is tensioned.
(5) Building a permeable concrete retaining wall 2 of the toe guard by adopting a construction mode of pouring and rolling layer by layer on the toe, and excavating a toe drainage ditch 5 on the outer side of the bottom of the retaining wall; and planting arbor and shrub plants 6 on the slope surface at the bottom of the side slope.
The schematic diagram of the slope arrangement for completing the protection is shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. According to the method, the hydrophilic reinforced band-tied anti-slip short pile and the combined permeable retaining wall are used for ecological slope protection, when rainfall infiltrates into the soil slope, the soil slope starts to slide downwards, the vertical hydrophilic reinforced band in shallow slope soil is subjected to increased sliding thrust to play a role in anti-slip, and meanwhile, the reinforced concrete cover plate on the slope starts to be tensioned under the anchoring and anchoring effects of the small anti-slip short pile, so that the slope soil generates positive pressure increment, and the slope soil anti-slip force is increased according to Mohr-coulomb theorem, so that the slope soil sliding tendency is reduced. The broken stones filled in the storage drainage ditch of the side slope discharge redundant rainfall into the guide drainage ditches along the slope direction at the two sides of the slope section (the guide drainage ditches are used for discharging rainwater collected by the storage drainage ditch of the slope along the slope, and are excavated while the storage drainage ditch is excavated), and then the rainwater is collected into the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope. The redundant water infiltrated in the slope body flows along the slope to the slope bottom in a seepage manner, and is directly discharged out of the slope body through the permeable retaining wall, so that the problem that the drainage holes of the traditional masonry retaining wall are easily blocked is solved. In arid seasons, the hydrophilic reinforced belt can also supply water in the deep part of the slope to the plant root system. The invention effectively realizes shallow layer reinforcement, deep layer reinforcement, slope toe drainage and ecological slope protection of the slope, is expected to promote the national standard 'construction slope engineering specification' and 'landslide prevention and control design specification' to consider the effect of plant slope protection, and is combined with the comprehensive treatment of slope engineering.
Example 2
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the anti-skid stubs are short tendons. The length of 5 reinforcing bars in the middle of the tendon is set to be 40cm longer than other reinforcing bars in the tendon so as to be used as a tenon pile head to be connected with the steel sleeve, and the steel sleeve which is thinner than the short tendon can be conveniently sleeved and inserted on the tendon, so that the steel sleeve can be smoothly pulled out.
Claims (9)
1. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hilly soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type bar planting belt is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) excavating a toe drainage ditch at the bottom of the side slope, excavating a storage drainage ditch on the slope surface perpendicular to the downslope direction, and excavating drainage guide ditches which are communicated with the storage drainage ditch and directly communicated with the toe drainage ditch in the downslope direction at two ends of the storage drainage ditch;
(2) embedding anti-sliding short piles into the deep layer of the slope body at intervals along the storage and drainage ditch of the slope surface, wherein the embedding depth enables the anti-sliding short piles to be inserted into a hard soil layer or a bedrock of the slope body, connecting a reinforcement belt at the upper end of the anti-sliding short piles before embedding, and enabling the other end of the reinforcement belt to be exposed out of the storage and drainage ditch after the anti-sliding short piles are embedded; before the anti-slide short pile is buried, a plurality of vertical holes are drilled in advance, then the anti-slide short pile is vertically inserted into the holes, and a lengthened steel sleeve is sleeved at the upper end of the anti-slide short pile in advance, so that the upper end of the steel sleeve is always higher than the slope surface in the process that the anti-slide short pile enters the slope body, and the heavy hammer can beat and apply force conveniently; a tenon pile head matched with the force application steel sleeve is arranged on the anti-sliding short pile, the diameter of the tenon pile head is slightly smaller than that of the pile, and the tenon pile head is convexly arranged at the top of the anti-sliding short pile;
(3) arranging a cover plate along the water storage and drainage ditch, and fixing one end of the reinforced belt, which is exposed out of the water storage and drainage ditch, on the cover plate;
(4) laying a waterproof film or a waterproof concrete plate on the side wall and the bottom of a storage drainage ditch of the slope, filling permeable broken stones in the ditch, laying a layer of permeable concrete on the top surface of the ditch, placing a cover plate above the permeable concrete on the surface of the ditch, penetrating a reinforced belt through a reserved gap between the broken stones filled in the storage drainage ditch and the permeable concrete laid on the surface of the ditch, and tensioning and fixing the cover plate on the slope;
(5) constructing a pervious concrete retaining wall of the toe guard by pouring and rolling the toe, and excavating a toe drainage ditch on the outer side of the bottom of the retaining wall; arbor irrigation plants are planted on the slope surface at the bottom of the side slope, so that a root cushion layer is formed on the shallow layer of the side slope, the shallow side slope is reinforced, and water and soil loss is prevented.
2. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hilly soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type steel bar planting belt according to claim 1, wherein two side holes are symmetrically formed at the top end of the steel sleeve, a bolt is simultaneously inserted through the two side holes, one end of the steel wire rope is fixed to the bolt in a pulling manner, and the other end of the steel wire rope is extended out of the ground for pulling and pulling the steel sleeve.
3. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing sloping soil by combining a permeable retaining wall and a sounding type bar planting belt according to claim 2, wherein the steel sleeve is pulled out section by section after the anti-skidding short piles are buried, slope soil or gravel is filled in each section of the steel sleeve, the space where the steel sleeve is pulled out is filled until the filling soil is flush with the bottom surface of a storage drainage ditch of the slope, and the filling soil is tamped.
4. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hilly soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type steel-planted strip according to claim 3, wherein a short beam is transversely arranged at the inner part of the upper port of the steel sleeve, and the other end of the reinforced strip is tensioned and fixed on the short beam in the process of embedding the anti-sliding short pile, so that the reinforced strip is kept tensioned and vertically embedded in the slope body.
5. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the slope soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type steel bar planting belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lower end of the anti-slide short pile is in a cone shape, the anti-slide short pile is a concrete pile, or is a prestressed pipe pile obtained by pouring concrete in a steel pipe, or is a short steel bar bundle bundled; when the anti-skidding short pile is a bundle of bundled short steel bars, the length of 3-5 steel bars in the middle of the steel bar bundle is set to be 20-40 cm longer than that of other steel bars in the steel bar bundle so as to be used as a tenon pile head to be connected with the steel sleeve.
6. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hilly soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type bar planting belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (3), the other end of the bar planting belt is fixed on the cover plate by adopting the following method: the bottom surface of the cover plate is provided with a hook or two rings, and the reinforced belt is bound on the hook after being tensioned or is bound on the two rings in a linking ring manner.
7. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hilly soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type steel bar planting belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (4), after the cover plate is placed above the permeable concrete layer on the trench surface, the steel bar planting belt is tensioned and the cover plate is fixed, the cover plate is lifted, and a broken stone cushion is filled under the cover plate until the steel bar planting belt is tensioned.
8. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the hilly soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type steel bar planting belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (2), the penetration depth corresponding to the penetration resistance is recorded in the process of knocking the anti-slide short pile, and the strength characteristic of the hilly soil is evaluated according to the relation curve of the penetration resistance and the penetration depth, so that the anti-slide short pile is driven into the hard soil layer.
9. The ecological slope protection method for reinforcing the slope soil by combining the permeable retaining wall and the sounding type steel bar planting belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (4) and the step (5), the permeable concrete comprises cement cured macadam and polyurethane cured macadam, and the construction mode of the permeable concrete is laminating; the reinforced belt is a compact high-strength corrosion-resistant hydrophilic belt made of at least one of steel-plastic belts, nylon, terylene or polypropylene.
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| CN113373948A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | Protective structure for repairing unstable expansive soil slope and construction method thereof |
| CN116989854B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-08 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Drainage hole operation performance evaluation method |
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| CN106436724B (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-08-28 | 四川大学 | Root anchor system reinforces embankment slope ecological bank protecting method |
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