CN113373948A - Protective structure for repairing unstable expansive soil slope and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Protective structure for repairing unstable expansive soil slope and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113373948A CN113373948A CN202110541474.7A CN202110541474A CN113373948A CN 113373948 A CN113373948 A CN 113373948A CN 202110541474 A CN202110541474 A CN 202110541474A CN 113373948 A CN113373948 A CN 113373948A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
- E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a protective structure for repairing an unstable expansive soil slope, which belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering and consists of a rigid protective system, a flexible protective system and a drainage system; the rigid protection system comprises a repaired retaining wall formed after an original retaining wall fills a crack, a gravity type retaining wall arranged in front of the repaired original retaining wall and a plurality of prestressed pipe piles inserted into a soil body at intervals; the flexible protection system comprises backfill soil for replacing expansive soil and forming a plurality of slope surfaces and platform combinations in a layering mode, a waterproof geomembrane laid on the backfill soil platform and vegetation planted on the backfill soil slope surfaces; the drainage system comprises a sub-drainage ditch arranged on the backfill soil platform, a main drainage ditch arranged at the bottom of a backfill soil slope, drainage capillary tubes arranged in grooves formed in the backfill soil slope and a drain pipe penetrating through the repaired retaining wall and the gravity retaining wall, wherein the drainage capillary tubes lead water into the sub-drainage ditch, and the drain pipe leads water into the main drainage ditch. The invention is beneficial to shortening the construction period and reducing the manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a protective structure for repairing an unstable expansive soil slope and a construction method thereof.
Background
The expansive soil is also called as expansive soil, is cohesive soil which expands violently after being soaked in water and shrinks remarkably after being dehydrated, and has the characteristics of multiple fissures, strong expansion and shrinkage, super consolidation and strength attenuation. The expansive soil is widely distributed in the world, and China is one of the most widely distributed regions of expansive soil and is distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiansu and the like. Because the expansive soil is rich in hydrophilic minerals, the expansive soil can show the characteristics of water absorption expansion, softening, water loss shrinkage and cracking under the action of dry-wet circulation, and the characteristics of disordered distribution of cracks in the soil body, so that the problems of slope collapse, subgrade settlement, structural damage and the like frequently occur in the engineering constructed in the expansive soil area. The expansive soil is extremely unstable, and plays a great role in destroying engineering construction and engineering operation such as buildings, water conservancy, railways, roads and the like.
The common supports for the expansive soil side slope are generally four types, namely anchor rods, anti-slide piles and gravity retaining walls. However, most of the existing supporting structures for the expansive soil slope are determined in the design stage, the construction object is mainly a natural slope, the existing repairing and reinforcing research on the existing protective measures after the slope disaster occurs is lacked, and the problems in the actual engineering can not be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structure for protecting an expansive soil slope which is unstable, aiming at the problems in the prior art, and avoiding the generation of larger engineering problems.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a protective structure for repairing a destabilization expansive soil slope consists of a rigid protective system, a flexible protective system and a drainage system; the rigid protection system comprises a repaired retaining wall formed after an original retaining wall fills a crack, a gravity type retaining wall arranged in front of the repaired original retaining wall and a plurality of prestressed pipe piles inserted into a soil body at intervals; the flexible protection system comprises backfill soil for replacing expansive soil and forming a plurality of slope surfaces and platform combinations in a layering mode, a waterproof geomembrane laid on the backfill soil platform and vegetation planted on the backfill soil slope surfaces; the drainage system comprises a sub-drainage ditch arranged on the backfill soil platform, a main drainage ditch arranged at the bottom of a backfill soil slope, drainage capillary tubes arranged in grooves formed in the backfill soil slope and a drain pipe penetrating through the repaired retaining wall and the gravity retaining wall, wherein the drainage capillary tubes lead water into the sub-drainage ditch, and the drain pipe leads water into the main drainage ditch.
Further, the original retaining wall is formed by crushing stone and 1: and 3, filling the cracks with cement mortar to form the repaired retaining wall, wherein the gravity type retaining wall is built by adopting common clay bricks and is cast with the repaired retaining wall into a whole through concrete.
Furthermore, the prestressed pipe pile is a reinforced concrete cylinder with the length of 6-10 m, the cylinder is formed by pouring micro-expansion concrete after reinforcing steel bars are distributed on the full-length uplift resistant steel bars, a conical steel pile tip is installed at the bottom of the cylinder, and an iron plate with the thickness of 3mm is welded at the top of the cylinder; the vertical and horizontal spacing between the prestressed pipe piles is 2m, and the prestressed pipe piles have various types of phi 42mm, phi 48mm, phi 50mm, phi 60mm, phi 89mm and phi 108 mm.
Furthermore, a bamboo plywood is arranged between the gravity type retaining wall and the backfill soil to serve as an inverted filter layer, the size of the bamboo plywood is 2m multiplied by 1cm, each bamboo plywood is bonded by sealant, and positions of drain holes are reserved.
Furthermore, the drain pipes between the repair retaining wall and the gravity type retaining wall are connected through the hoops.
Furthermore, the backfill soil is firm soil with a compaction coefficient of more than 0.93, the slope of each layer of slope is gradually changed layer by layer, a berm is arranged in the center of each layer of platform, the interval between the grooves is 2m, the drainage capillary tube and the water drain pipe are made of PVC, a layer of permeable geotextile is wrapped outside the pipe, and the pipe orifice is blocked by a permeable material.
Furthermore, waterproof geomembranes are respectively stuck on the bottom surfaces of the horse ways and the drainage ditches.
A construction method for repairing a protective structure of an unstable expansive soil slope comprises the following steps:
step 1: excavating the expansive soil behind the original retaining wall for 0.5-1m, chiseling broken stones at the crack of the original retaining wall, backfilling the crack with the broken stones after the complete crack is exposed, and using a volume ratio of 1: 3, filling the gaps with cement mortar to serve as a repair retaining wall;
step 2: and (3) chiseling the back of the repaired retaining wall, and mixing the chiseling with clay bricks and 1: 3, newly building a gravity type retaining wall by cement mortar, wherein the mortar strength is M7.5, and finally pouring the gravity type retaining wall and the repair retaining wall into a whole by using C30 concrete;
and step 3: repairing a retaining wall and a gravity type retaining wall, drilling holes, penetrating a water drain pipe, connecting the water drain pipe between the retaining wall and the gravity type retaining wall through a hoop, arranging a plurality of bamboo rubber plates on one surface of the gravity type retaining wall to serve as an inverted filter layer, wherein the size of each bamboo rubber plate is 2m multiplied by 1cm, each bamboo rubber plate is bonded by sealant, and a water drain hole position is reserved;
and 4, step 4: backfilling the hard soil with the compaction coefficient of more than 0.93, layering the side slopes in a step shape, gradually slowing down the slopes of each layer, arranging a platform between each layer, arranging a horse way in the center of the platform, constructing branch drainage ditches beside the platform, constructing a main drainage ditch at the slope toe, and paving waterproof geomembranes on the branch drainage ditches, the main drainage ditches and the horse ways;
and 5: digging grooves at intervals of 2m on the slope surface to place drainage capillary tubes, and driving prestressed pipe piles into the grooves at intervals of 2 m;
step 6: herbaceous plants are planted in the rest positions of the slope surface and used as slope protection vegetation, herbaceous plants are easy to germinate, extensive management is suitable, and mass propagation is easy.
Further, in the step 1, a steel sheet pile support mode is adopted while digging and driving the expansive soil.
Further, the concrete steps of driving the prestressed pipe pile in the step 5 are as follows: before construction, two ends of the prestressed pipe pile are plugged, the bottom of the prestressed pipe pile adopts a steel pile tip, and the upper part of the prestressed pipe pile is plugged by welding an iron plate with the thickness of 3mm and the diameter of the pipe pile; vertically drilling holes at intervals of 2m on the slope surface, and keeping constant-speed drilling during drilling; manually clamping the drill rod and the pipe sleeve by using a pipe wrench, after the drilling is finished, firstly injecting water into the inner hole of the pipe sleeve, cleaning the inner hole of the pipe sleeve, and then taking out the drill rod, wherein the pipe sleeve is reserved in the hole for protecting the hole; and inserting the prestressed pipe pile with the hole reserved at the tail of the pipe into the sleeve, and taking out the sleeve.
Has the advantages that:
1) the original retaining wall and the newly built gravity retaining wall are poured into a whole for reinforcement, so that the strength is improved, the building engineering amount is reduced, the unstable slope restoration period is shortened, and accidents are avoided.
2) Through changing the inflation soil into the higher firm soil of degree of compaction, the cooperation prestressing force tubular pile reaches the form with domatic layering, can effectively restrain the slip of the side slope soil body, and is more succinct than stock construction technology, and the quality is more reliable.
3) Set up the herbaceous plant bank protection on domatic, reduced the area of laying of waterproof geomembrane, it is more economic relatively, reduce the total cost of engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of arrangement of prestressed pipe piles on a slope;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a prestressed pipe pile;
wherein: the concrete is characterized in that the concrete comprises 1, 2, a gravity type retaining wall, 3, a prestressed pipe pile, 4, backfill soil, 5, a waterproof geomembrane, 6, vegetation, 7, a sub-drainage ditch, 8, a drainage capillary pipe, 9, a main drainage ditch, 10, a water drain pipe, 11, uplift steel bars, 12, micro-expansion concrete, 13, a hoop, 14, an iron plate and 15, and the concrete is a bamboo plywood.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting, and that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like are used merely for convenience in describing the invention based on the orientations and positional relationships illustrated in the drawings and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting:
as shown in fig. 1, the protection structure for repairing the unstable expansive soil slope is composed of a rigid protection system, a flexible protection system and a drainage system; the rigid protection system comprises a repaired retaining wall 1 formed after an original retaining wall fills cracks, a gravity type retaining wall 2 arranged in front of the repaired original retaining wall and a plurality of prestressed pipe piles 3 inserted into a soil body at intervals; the flexible protection system comprises backfill soil 4 for replacing expansive soil and forming a plurality of slope surfaces and platform combinations in a layering mode, a waterproof geomembrane 5 paved on a backfill soil platform and vegetation 6 planted on the backfill soil slope surfaces; the drainage system comprises a sub-drainage ditch 7 arranged on the backfill soil platform, a main drainage ditch 9 arranged at the bottom of a backfill soil slope, a drainage capillary tube 8 arranged in a groove formed on the backfill soil slope, and a drainage pipe 10 penetrating through the repaired retaining wall and the gravity retaining wall, wherein the drainage capillary tube 8 leads water into the sub-drainage ditch 7, and the drainage pipe 10 leads water into the main drainage ditch 9.
The original retaining wall is formed by crushing stone and 1: 3, filling the cracks with cement mortar to form the repaired retaining wall 1, wherein the gravity type retaining wall 2 is built by adopting common clay bricks and is cast with the repaired retaining wall 1 into a whole through concrete.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the prestressed pipe pile 3 is a reinforced concrete cylinder with a length of 6m-10m, the cylinder is formed by pouring micro-expansion concrete 12 after reinforcing steel bars 11 with a full length are arranged on the column, a conical steel pile tip is arranged at the bottom, and an iron plate 14 with a thickness of 3mm is welded at the top; the longitudinal and transverse intervals between the prestressed pipe piles 3 are 2 m.
A bamboo plywood 15 is arranged between the gravity type retaining wall 2 and the backfill soil 4 to serve as an inverted filter layer, the size of the bamboo plywood 15 is 2m multiplied by 1cm, each bamboo plywood is bonded by sealant, and positions of drain holes are reserved.
The drain pipes 10 between the repaired retaining wall 1 and the gravity retaining wall 2 are connected by the anchor ear 13.
The backfill 4 is a hard soil with a compaction coefficient of more than 0.93, the slope gradient of each layer of slope surface gradually becomes gentle layer by layer, a berm is arranged in the center of each layer of platform, the interval between the grooves is 2m, the drainage capillary tube and the water drain pipe are made of PVC, a layer of permeable geotextile is wrapped outside the pipe, and the pipe orifice is blocked by a permeable material.
The construction method for repairing the protection structure of the unstable expansive soil slope is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: excavating the expansive soil behind the original retaining wall for 0.5-1m, chiseling broken stones at the crack of the original retaining wall, backfilling the crack with the broken stones after the complete crack is exposed, and using a volume ratio of 1: 3, filling the gaps with cement mortar to serve as a repair retaining wall;
step 2: and (3) chiseling the back of the repaired retaining wall, and mixing the chiseling with clay bricks and 1: 3, newly building a gravity type retaining wall by cement mortar, wherein the mortar strength is M7.5, and finally pouring the gravity type retaining wall and the repair retaining wall into a whole by using C30 concrete;
and step 3: repairing a retaining wall and a gravity type retaining wall, drilling holes, penetrating a water drain pipe, connecting the water drain pipe between the retaining wall and the gravity type retaining wall through a hoop, arranging a plurality of bamboo rubber plates on one surface of the gravity type retaining wall to serve as an inverted filter layer, wherein the size of each bamboo rubber plate is 2m multiplied by 1cm, each bamboo rubber plate is bonded by sealant, and a water drain hole position is reserved;
and 4, step 4: backfilling the hard soil with the compaction coefficient of more than 0.93, layering the side slopes in a step shape, gradually slowing down the slopes of each layer, arranging a platform between each layer, arranging a horse way in the center of the platform, constructing branch drainage ditches beside the platform, constructing a main drainage ditch at the slope toe, and paving waterproof geomembranes on the branch drainage ditches, the main drainage ditches and the horse ways;
and 5: digging grooves at intervals of 2m on the slope surface to place drainage capillary tubes, and driving prestressed pipe piles into the grooves at intervals of 2 m;
step 6: herbaceous plants are planted at the rest positions of the slope surface to serve as slope protection vegetation.
And (3) digging and removing the expansive soil in the step 1 by adopting a method of digging and driving steel sheet piles at the same time for supporting.
The concrete steps of driving the prestressed pipe pile in the step 5 are as follows: before construction, two ends of the prestressed pipe pile are plugged, the bottom of the prestressed pipe pile adopts a steel pile tip, and the upper part of the prestressed pipe pile is plugged by welding an iron plate with the thickness of 3mm and the diameter of the pipe pile; vertically drilling holes at intervals of 2m on the slope surface, and keeping constant-speed drilling during drilling; manually clamping the drill rod and the pipe sleeve by using a pipe wrench, after the drilling is finished, firstly injecting water into the inner hole of the pipe sleeve, cleaning the inner hole of the pipe sleeve, and then taking out the drill rod, wherein the pipe sleeve is reserved in the hole for protecting the hole; and inserting the prestressed pipe pile with the hole reserved at the tail of the pipe into the sleeve, and taking out the sleeve.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered thereby.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a restoration unstability inflation soil slope's protective structure which characterized in that: the device consists of a rigid protection system, a flexible protection system and a drainage system; the rigid protection system comprises a repaired retaining wall (1) formed after an original retaining wall fills cracks, a gravity type retaining wall (2) arranged in front of the repaired original retaining wall and a plurality of prestressed pipe piles (3) inserted into a soil body at intervals; the flexible protection system comprises backfill soil (4) for replacing expansive soil and forming a plurality of slope surfaces and platform combinations in a layering mode, a waterproof geomembrane (5) paved on the backfill soil platform and vegetation (6) planted on the backfill soil slope surfaces; the drainage system comprises a sub-drainage ditch (7) arranged on the backfill platform, a main drainage ditch (9) arranged at the bottom of a backfill slope, drainage capillary tubes (8) arranged in grooves formed in the backfill slope and drainage pipes (10) penetrating through the restored retaining wall and the gravity retaining wall, wherein the drainage capillary tubes (8) introduce water into the sub-drainage ditch (7), and the drainage pipes (10) introduce water into the main drainage ditch (9).
2. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein: the original retaining wall is formed by crushing stone and 1: and 3, filling the cracks with cement mortar to form the repaired retaining wall (1), wherein the gravity type retaining wall (2) is built by adopting common clay bricks and is poured into a whole with the repaired retaining wall (1) through concrete.
3. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein: the prestressed pipe pile (3) is a reinforced concrete cylinder with the length of 6-10 m, the cylinder is formed by pouring micro-expansion concrete (12) after reinforcing steel bars (11) with full length are arranged, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a conical steel pile tip, and the top of the cylinder is welded with an iron plate (14) with the thickness of 3 mm; the vertical and horizontal intervals between the prestressed pipe piles (3) are 2 m.
4. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein: a bamboo rubber plate (15) is arranged between the gravity type retaining wall (2) and the backfill soil (4) to serve as an inverted filter layer, the size of the bamboo rubber plate (15) is 2m multiplied by 1cm, each bamboo rubber plate is bonded by sealant, and a drain hole position is reserved.
5. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein: the water drain pipes (10) between the repaired retaining wall (1) and the gravity type retaining wall (2) are connected through anchor ears (13).
6. The protective structure of claim 1, wherein: the backfill (4) is a hard soil with a compaction coefficient of more than 0.93, the slope of each layer of slope gradually becomes gentle layer by layer, a berm is arranged in the center of each layer of platform, the interval between the grooves is 2m, the drainage capillary tube and the drain pipe are made of PVC, a layer of permeable geotextile is wrapped outside the pipe, and the pipe orifice is blocked by a permeable material.
7. The protective structure of claim 6, wherein: waterproof geomembranes (5) are respectively stuck to the bottom surfaces of the horse way and the drainage ditch.
8. A construction method of a guard structure for restoring a destabilized expansive soil slope according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: excavating the expansive soil behind the original retaining wall for 0.5-1m, chiseling broken stones at the crack of the original retaining wall, backfilling the crack with the broken stones after the complete crack is exposed, and using a volume ratio of 1: 3, filling the gaps with cement mortar to serve as a repair retaining wall;
step 2: and (3) chiseling the back of the repaired retaining wall, and mixing the chiseling with clay bricks and 1: 3, newly building a gravity type retaining wall by cement mortar, wherein the mortar strength is M7.5, and finally pouring the gravity type retaining wall and the repair retaining wall into a whole by using C30 concrete;
and step 3: repairing a retaining wall and a gravity type retaining wall, drilling holes, penetrating a water drain pipe, connecting the water drain pipe between the retaining wall and the gravity type retaining wall through a hoop, arranging a plurality of bamboo rubber plates on one surface of the gravity type retaining wall to serve as an inverted filter layer, wherein the size of each bamboo rubber plate is 2m multiplied by 1cm, each bamboo rubber plate is bonded by sealant, and a water drain hole position is reserved;
and 4, step 4: backfilling the hard soil with the compaction coefficient of more than 0.93, layering the side slopes in a step shape, gradually slowing down the slopes of each layer, arranging a platform between each layer, arranging a horse way in the center of the platform, constructing branch drainage ditches beside the platform, constructing a main drainage ditch at the slope toe, and paving waterproof geomembranes on the branch drainage ditches, the main drainage ditches and the horse ways;
and 5: digging grooves at intervals of 2m on the slope surface to place drainage capillary tubes, and driving prestressed pipe piles into the grooves at intervals of 2 m;
step 6: herbaceous plants are planted at the rest positions of the slope surface to serve as slope protection vegetation.
9. The construction method according to claim 8, wherein: and (3) digging and removing the expansive soil in the step 1 by adopting a method of digging and driving steel sheet piles at the same time for supporting.
10. The construction method according to claim 8, wherein: the concrete steps of driving the prestressed pipe pile in the step 5 are as follows: before construction, two ends of the prestressed pipe pile are plugged, the bottom of the prestressed pipe pile adopts a steel pile tip, and the upper part of the prestressed pipe pile is plugged by welding an iron plate with the thickness of 3mm and the diameter of the pipe pile; vertically drilling holes at intervals of 2m on the slope surface, and keeping constant-speed drilling during drilling; manually clamping the drill rod and the pipe sleeve by using a pipe wrench, after the drilling is finished, firstly injecting water into the inner hole of the pipe sleeve, cleaning the inner hole of the pipe sleeve, and then taking out the drill rod, wherein the pipe sleeve is reserved in the hole for protecting the hole; and inserting the prestressed pipe pile with the hole reserved at the tail of the pipe into the sleeve, and taking out the sleeve.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115198753A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-18 | 上海工程技术大学 | Structural body and manufacturing mold and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115198753A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-18 | 上海工程技术大学 | Structural body and manufacturing mold and application thereof |
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