CN111172423A - Cupronickel alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cupronickel alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172423A CN111172423A CN202010154853.6A CN202010154853A CN111172423A CN 111172423 A CN111172423 A CN 111172423A CN 202010154853 A CN202010154853 A CN 202010154853A CN 111172423 A CN111172423 A CN 111172423A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cupronickel alloy and a preparation method thereof, the invention takes electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials to prepare the cupronickel alloy, and the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the content of alloy elements is as follows: the balance of Cu, Ni 5.0-7.0%, Fe 0.6-1.0%, Si 0.1-0.3%, and the total amount of impurities less than or equal to 0.5%; the operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting. The cupronickel alloy prepared by the method has stable components, and the upper, middle and lower components of the whole cast ingot are uniform and have no segregation; the comprehensive performance index of the finished ring material completely meets the design requirement, and the tensile strength is obviously superior to H96; the chemical components are completely free of volatile matters such as Zn, so that the pollution of the volatile matters to rifling is effectively avoided, the service life of the barrel is prolonged, and the hit rate and accuracy of the bomb are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal alloy, in particular to a cupronickel alloy (B5 Fe) for producing an annular bullet belt of a cannonball and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In order to ensure the accuracy and stability of the cannonball to be shot and reduce the violent friction between the cannonball body and the bore line of the cannonball barrel, two annular bands are arranged on the outer circumference of the cannonball and are in contact with the bore line of the cannonball barrel, so that the friction force between the two bands is reduced to the maximum extent in the process of shooting the cannonball.
At present, the conventional belt materials at home and abroad mainly comprise:
(1) pure nickel: the brand N6 has the advantages of high melting point, no volatile matter generation under high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the defects of high abrasion to rifling due to high strength, high manufacturing cost of N6 elastic belts, poor economy and more application in America and Europe at present.
(2) Brass: the brand H96 has the advantages of low cost and low strength, and particularly, Zn element in brass volatilizes and separates out under severe working conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and then is attached to rifling, so that artillery personnel need to wipe the rifling after a dozen of bullets are launched, the efficiency of the artillery is seriously influenced, and the safety of the personnel is threatened. At present, most of the bands of various artilleries in Russia and China are H96.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cupronickel alloy and a preparation method thereof. The belt produced by the cupronickel alloy as the belt material can meet the technical requirements of the cannonball under the modern war condition.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide chemical components, a preparation method and application of a cupronickel alloy, wherein the alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: the balance of Cu, Ni 5.0-7.0%, Fe 0.6-1.0%, Si 0.1-0.3%, and the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5%. The optimized chemical composition of Cu as the rest, Ni5.3-5.9%, Fe 0.7-0.9%, Si0.1-0.2%, and impurity total less than or equal to 0.5%.
Description of the drawings: (1) the total impurity of the impurity element C, S, P, Zn is strictly controlled in the processes of feeding, proportioning and vacuum casting;
(2) the purpose of adding Fe element is to control the strength index of the cupronickel alloy, the strength of Fe is too high, the strength of Fe is too low, and the range is narrow;
(3) the Si element is added to increase the fluidity during vacuum casting and effectively refine grains, and the friction and the abrasion between the elastic belt and the bore line of the barrel can be effectively reduced due to the existence of the Si element.
The preparation method of the cupronickel alloy ring material with the chemical components comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials and proportion: all the raw materials are added as new materials. The raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: cu 5.0-7.0%, Fe 0.6-1.0%, and Si 0.1-0.3%. The preferable raw material ratio is as follows: the balance of Cu, 5.3-5.9 percent of Ni, 0.7-0.9 percent of Fe and 0.1-0.2 percent of Si.
(2) The smelting method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 150kg vacuum induction furnace. The specific process comprises the following steps: filling Cu, Ni, Fe and Si into a crucible, sealing the furnace, vacuumizing, then delivering for electric melting, refining for 30 minutes when the furnace temperature reaches 1250-1300 ℃, filling argon to 0.09MPa when the furnace temperature reaches 1200 ℃, carrying out charged casting, taking out the furnace after condensing for 10 minutes in the furnace, and carrying out component analysis. Other process parameters are as follows:
vacuum degree: less than or equal to 7 Pa;
temperature of the die: 120-160 ℃;
coating: ash and kerosene;
the aperture of the funnel is as follows: phi 6-8 (control casting speed);
casting time: 5-6 minutes;
(3) polishing and blanking of the ingot casting outer skin: and removing the surface layer with the thickness of 2-3mm on the surface of the ingot by using a CW6163 lathe, wherein the purpose is to remove the part with high total amount of impurities, and the subsequent processing and the control of the total amount of the impurities of the ingot are facilitated.
(4) Forging: the first heating time is 880 ℃, the heat preservation time is 100-120 minutes, after three piers and three pulls, the bar stock is firstly forged, and then the bar stock is blanked and the inner hole is drilled. Heating the second heating time to 860 ℃, preserving the heat for 70-80 minutes, and performing rotary rolling forging to obtain the ring blank.
(5) Intermediate heat treatment: heating the annular blank in a vacuum annealing furnace to 660 ℃, preserving heat for 100 minutes, filling nitrogen to protect annealing, and then slowly cooling and discharging to detect various performance indexes.
(6) Finishing finished products: and (5) performing finish machining on the ring blank to the finished size of the elastic belt on a numerical control machine according to a drawing.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the cupronickel alloy prepared by the method has stable components, and the upper, middle and lower components of the whole cast ingot are uniform and have no segregation;
(2) the comprehensive performance index of the finished ring material completely meets the design requirement, and the tensile strength is obviously superior to H96;
(3) the composition elements of the chemical components completely do not contain volatile matters such as Zn, the pollution of the volatile matters to rifling is effectively avoided, the service life of the barrel is prolonged, and the hit rate and the accuracy of the bomb are improved;
(4) the cost is moderate, and the method has competitive advantage especially on export products and has wide application prospect.
The present invention is further described in detail by the following examples, which are only examples of the present invention and do not represent the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a cupronickel alloy by using electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 8.142kg of electrolytic nickel, 0.966kg of industrial pure iron, 0.22kg of metallic silicon and 128.672kg of electrolytic copper are charged into a 150kg vacuum induction furnace in 138 kg. The operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting.
And after analyzing the components of the cast ingot, polishing the outer skin, heating to 880 ℃, performing three-pier three-drawing for the first heating time, forging into a bar blank, performing rotary roll forging to obtain a ring blank after heating to 860 ℃ for the second heating time, performing vacuum heat treatment on the ring blank after heating to 660 ℃, and performing numerical control turning to the size of a finished product of the elastic band after detecting performance indexes.
The respective steps are explained as follows:
putting the raw materials of nickel, iron, silicon and copper into a crucible, sealing the furnace, vacuumizing, powering on and melting, refining for 30 minutes when the furnace temperature reaches 1300 ℃, filling argon to 0.09MPa when the casting temperature reaches 1100-1200 ℃ and the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 7Pa, then carrying out charged casting, condensing the alloy in a cast iron mold for 10 minutes, and discharging.
After the chemical components of the cast ingot are analyzed, the thickness of the polishing outer skin is about 2-3 mm.
Forging for the first time, heating to 880 ℃, preserving heat for 100-120 minutes, forging the three blocks into a bar blank after three-drawing, then loading and unloading by a band saw, and drilling an inner hole.
Forging for the second time, heating to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 70-80 minutes, and performing rotary rolling forging to obtain the ring blank.
Heating the annular blank to 660 ℃, preserving heat for 90-100 minutes, filling nitrogen for protection, carrying out vacuum annealing, and detecting various performance indexes after discharging.
And (5) polishing the blank ring on a numerical control machine tool according to the drawing size to obtain the finished product of the elastic belt.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a cupronickel alloy by using electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 8.142kg of electrolytic nickel, 1.104kg of industrial pure iron, 0.138kg of metallic silicon and 128.616kg of electrolytic copper, wherein 138 kg/furnace is loaded into a 150kg vacuum induction furnace. The operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting.
And after analyzing the components of the cast ingot, polishing the outer skin, heating to 880 ℃, performing three-pier three-drawing for the first heating time, forging into a bar blank, performing rotary roll forging to obtain a ring blank after heating to 860 ℃ for the second heating time, performing vacuum heat treatment on the ring blank after heating to 660 ℃, and performing numerical control turning to the size of a finished product of the elastic band after detecting performance indexes.
The respective steps are not described, since they are the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a cupronickel alloy by using electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 7.866kg of electrolytic nickel, 1.242kg of industrial pure iron, 0.248kg of metallic silicon and 128.644kg of electrolytic copper, and 138kg of electrolytic nickel and industrial pure iron are loaded in a 150kg vacuum induction furnace. The operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting.
And after analyzing the components of the cast ingot, polishing the outer skin, heating to 880 ℃, performing three-pier three-drawing for the first heating time, forging into a bar blank, performing rotary roll forging to obtain a ring blank after heating to 860 ℃ for the second heating time, performing vacuum heat treatment on the ring blank after heating to 660 ℃, and performing numerical control turning to the size of a finished product of the elastic band after detecting performance indexes.
The respective steps are not described, since they are the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a cupronickel alloy by using electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: electrolytic nickel 7.59kg, industrial pure iron 1.242kg, metallic silicon 0.207kg, electrolytic copper 128.961kg, 138 kg/furnace total was charged in a 150kg vacuum induction furnace. The operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting.
And after analyzing the components of the cast ingot, polishing the outer skin, heating to 880 ℃, performing three-pier three-drawing for the first heating time, forging into a bar blank, performing rotary roll forging to obtain a ring blank after heating to 860 ℃ for the second heating time, performing vacuum heat treatment on the ring blank after heating to 660 ℃, and performing numerical control turning to the size of a finished product of the elastic band after detecting performance indexes.
The respective steps are not described, since they are the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a cupronickel alloy by using electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: electrolytic nickel 7.59kg, industrial pure iron 1.104kg, metallic silicon 0.276kg, electrolytic copper 129.03kg, 138 kg/furnace total was charged in a 150kg vacuum induction furnace. The operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting.
And after analyzing the components of the cast ingot, polishing the outer skin, heating to 880 ℃, performing three-pier three-drawing for the first heating time, forging into a bar blank, performing rotary roll forging to obtain a ring blank after heating to 860 ℃ for the second heating time, performing vacuum heat treatment on the ring blank after heating to 660 ℃, and performing numerical control turning to the size of a finished product of the elastic band after detecting performance indexes.
The respective steps are not described, since they are the same as in example 1.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps of preparing a cupronickel alloy by using electrolytic copper, electrolytic nickel, industrial pure iron and metallic silicon as raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 8.28kg of electrolytic nickel, 1.38kg of industrial pure iron, 0.345kg of metallic silicon and 127.995kg of electrolytic copper, and 138kg of electrolytic nickel and industrial pure iron are loaded in a 150kg vacuum induction furnace. The operation procedure is as follows: nickel + iron + silicon + copper → melting in a furnace → refining → condensation → charged casting.
And after analyzing the components of the cast ingot, polishing the outer skin, heating to 880 ℃, performing three-pier three-drawing for the first heating time, forging into a bar blank, performing rotary roll forging to obtain a ring blank after heating to 860 ℃ for the second heating time, performing vacuum heat treatment on the ring blank after heating to 660 ℃, and performing numerical control turning to the size of a finished product of the elastic band after detecting performance indexes.
The respective steps are not described, since they are the same as in example 1.
Claims (4)
1. A cupronickel alloy, characterized by: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the content of alloy elements is as follows: the balance of Cu, Ni 5.0-7.0%, Fe 0.6-1.0%, Si 0.1-0.3%, and the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5%.
2. The cupronickel alloy of claim 1, wherein: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the balance of Cu, Ni5.3-5.9%, Fe 0.7-0.9%, Si0.1-0.2%, and the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5%.
3. A preparation method of a cupronickel alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials and proportion: all the raw materials are added as new materials; the raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: the balance of Cu, Ni 5.0-7.0%, Fe 0.6-1.0%, Si 0.1-0.3%, and the total amount of impurities less than or equal to 0.5%;
(2) the smelting method comprises the following steps: smelting by adopting a 150kg vacuum induction furnace; the specific process comprises the following steps: filling Cu, Ni, Fe and Si into a crucible, sealing the furnace, vacuumizing, then delivering for electric melting, refining for 30 minutes when the furnace temperature reaches 1250-1300 ℃, filling argon to 0.09MPa when the furnace temperature reaches 1200 ℃, carrying out charged casting, taking out the furnace after condensing for 10 minutes in the furnace, and carrying out component analysis; other process parameters are as follows:
vacuum degree: less than or equal to 7 Pa;
temperature of the die: 120-160 ℃;
coating: ash and kerosene;
the aperture of the funnel is as follows: phi 6-8 (control casting speed);
casting time: 5-6 minutes;
(3) polishing and blanking of the ingot casting outer skin: removing the surface layer with the thickness of 2-3mm on the surface of the ingot by using a CW6163 lathe, wherein the purpose is to remove the part with high total amount of impurities, thereby being beneficial to subsequent processing and controlling the total amount of the impurities of the ingot;
(4) forging: heating the steel bar for the first heating time at 880 ℃, preserving heat for 100-120 minutes, forging the steel bar into a bar blank after three piers and three pulls, blanking again and drilling an inner hole; heating the ring blank for the second time at 860 ℃ for 70-80 minutes, and performing rotary rolling forging to obtain a ring blank;
(5) intermediate heat treatment: heating the annular blank in a vacuum annealing furnace to 660 ℃, preserving heat for 100 minutes, filling nitrogen to protect annealing, and then slowly cooling and discharging to detect various performance indexes;
finishing finished products: and (5) finely machining the ring blank on a numerical control machine tool according to the requirement to the finished product size of the elastic belt, thus obtaining the finished product of the invention.
4. The cupronickel alloy of claim 1, wherein: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the balance of Cu, Ni5.3-5.9%, Fe 0.7-0.9%, Si0.1-0.2%, and the total amount of impurities is less than or equal to 0.5%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111893345A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-06 | 贵溪骏达特种铜材有限公司 | Ingot casting process of aluminum bronze |
| CN115011823A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-06 | 沈阳有色金属研究所有限公司 | Processing method of Cu-Ni-Sn alloy product |
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| CN102925753A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-13 | 沈阳难熔金属研究所 | Nickel-copper alloy with high strength and high corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof |
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| US4337089A (en) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-06-29 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Public Corporation | Copper-nickel-tin alloys for lead conductor materials for integrated circuits and a method for producing the same |
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| CN115011823B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2023-04-18 | 沈阳有色金属研究所有限公司 | Processing method of Cu-Ni-Sn alloy product |
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Inventor after: Sun Haizhong Inventor after: Li Tingting Inventor after: Wang Jing Inventor after: Guo Chunjiang Inventor after: Lin Zikai Inventor after: Bai Yang Inventor after: Liu Yu Inventor before: Sun Haizhong Inventor before: Wang Jing Inventor before: Guo Chunjiang Inventor before: Lin Zikai Inventor before: Bai Yang Inventor before: Liu Yu |