CN111169477A - 车道变换系统及车道变换方法 - Google Patents
车道变换系统及车道变换方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种车道变换系统,装设于车辆中,包含惯性检测单元、图资单元、视觉追踪器、内存、处理器及转动装置。惯性检测单元检测车辆的车速、加速度及车体参数。图资单元检测车辆的实时位置,并储存有道路边线信息。视觉追踪器检测道路曲率值、相对距离、并撷取道路边线影像及车辆周边影像。处理器储存有车辆参数,处理器依据车辆参数、车速、加速度及道路曲率值计算出侧向加速度。处理器判断相对距离小于门槛值、且侧向加速度小于安全阈值、及车辆周边影像为安全时,产生转向信号。转动装置接收转向信号时,控制车辆切换车道。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车驾驶领域,尤其是一种车道变换系统及车道变换方法。
背景技术
随着无人自动车、或是自动辅助驾驶的发展,车辆在行径中遇到状况,需要有主动排除状况的能力。例如,在前方有障碍物、或视前方发生车祸等状况,需要有自动或自动辅助切换车道的功能。
现阶段的车道变换方法都是以路径规划为主,大部分的路径规划的运算结构庞大且复杂,必须一直做优化来取得较好路径。另外,所花的时间上较长,对于反应时间较短的状况,难以应变。
另外,由于单纯只考虑路径规划,并未考虑其内所乘载的乘客或是运送的货物,在车辆变换车道时,若无法达到舒适、安全,则发展无人自动车、或是自动辅助驾驶必然受到使用者的反面评价。
发明内容
有鉴于此,在此提供一种车道变换系统。车道变换系统装设于车辆中,且包含惯性检测单元、图资单元、视觉追踪器、内存、处理器及转动装置。
惯性检测单元检测车辆的车速、加速度及多个车体参数。图资单元检测车辆的实时位置,并储存有道路边线信息。视觉追踪器检测道路曲率值、相对距离,并撷取道路边线影像及车辆周边影像。内存,储存有多个车辆参数;处理器电性连接视觉追踪器、图资单元、内存及惯性检测单元。
处理器用以:接收车速、车体参数、加速度、道路曲率值、相对距离、道路边线信息、车辆周边影像及道路边线影像;依据车辆参数、车速、加速度及道路曲率值计算出侧向加速度;以及在判断相对距离小于门槛值、侧向加速度小于安全阈值及依据车辆周边影像判断车辆周边无其他车辆时,产生转向信号。转动装置电性连接处理器,接收转向信号,使车辆由原行驶车道切换至另一车道。
在此,更提供一种车道变换方法,该方法包含:由惯性检测单元检测车辆的车速、加速度及多个车体参数;由图资单元检测车辆的实时位置,并储存有道路边线信息;由视觉追踪器检测道路曲率值、相对距离,并撷取车辆周边影像及道路边线影像;由处理器依据储存于内存中的多个车辆参数、车速、加速度及道路曲率值计算出侧向加速度;由处理器判断在相对距离小于门槛值、侧向加速度小于安全阈值、且依据车辆周边影像判断车辆周边无任何其他车辆时,产生转向信号;以及由转动装置接收转向信号,使车辆由原行驶车道切换至另一车道。
藉此,通过处理器计算出车辆的侧向加速度,来控制车辆切换车道的侧向加速度及行驶距离等,能提供乘客在车辆变换车道时较佳的安全性及舒适度,进而使得乘客感到舒适而不恐慌,若是载运货物的车辆,其所运载的货物也能确保,从而提升了无人自动车、或是自动辅助驾驶的可靠性。
以下在实施方式中详细叙述本发明的详细特征及优点,其内容足以使任何熟习相关技艺者了解本发明的技术内容并据以实施,且根据本说明书所揭露的内容、申请专利范围及图式,任何熟习相关技艺者可轻易地理解本发明相关的目的及优点。
附图说明
图1为车道变换系统的示意图。
图2为车道变换方法的流程图。
图3为车辆自动变换车道的俯视示意图。
其中附图标记为:
具体实施方式
图1为车道变换系统的示意图。如图1所示,车道变换系统1装设于车辆500中,车道变换系统1包含惯性检测单元10、图资单元20、视觉追踪器30、处理器40、转动装置50及内存60。
惯性检测单元10是一种惯性传感器(inertial sensor)可以包含加速器(Accelerometer)、陀螺仪(Gyro Meter)及电子罗盘(Compass)。惯性检测单元10用以检测车辆500的车速、加速度及多个车体参数并输出。图资单元20检测车辆500的实时位置,并储存有道路边线信息。更详细地,图资单元20可以为高精度的GPS单元。视觉追踪器30检测道路曲率值、相对距离、并撷取道路边线影像及车辆周边影像并加以输出。视觉追踪器30包含检测器、影像捕获设备及运算装置(图中未示出),可以撷取影像画面、并可依据检测器、影像画面来计算相对距离及道路曲率值等相关参数。
内存60储存有多个车辆参数,内存60可包括任何适合的挥发性或非挥发性计算机可读取储存媒体(volatile or non-volatile computer readable storage media),例如:一随机储存内存(random access memory;RAM)、一只读存储器(read-only memory;ROM)、一通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus;USB)碟、一硬盘、一光盘(Compact Disk;CD)、一随身碟或本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所知且具有相同功能的任何其他储存媒体或电路。
处理器40可为中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit;CPU)、微处理器、控制元件、其他可执行指令的硬件组件或本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所知的其他计算装置中的任一者。处理器40电性连接视觉追踪器30、图资单元20、内存60及惯性检测单元10。处理器40用以接收车速、车体参数、加速度、道路曲率值、相对距离、道路边线信息、车辆周边影像及道路边线影像。接着处理器40依据车辆参数、车速、加速度及道路曲率值计算出侧向加速度。并且处理器40在判断相对距离小于门槛值、侧向加速度小于安全阈值及依据车辆周边影像判断车辆周边无其他车辆时,产生转向信号R。转动装置50电性连接处理器40,接收转向信号R,使车辆500由原行驶车道切换至另一车道。
此外,处理器40比对车辆500的实时位置、道路边线信息及道路边线影像以产生跟随信号T。转向装置50接收跟随信号T,使车辆500依据道路边线信息继续行驶。
进一步地,依据车辆周边影像判断车辆周边无其他车辆时,仅做为示例表示,而非限于此,处理器40可以依据车辆周边影像画素分析,左方、又方、后方、左后方、或右后方,是否有相对速度过快的对象向车辆500行驶而来。若没有,或是相对速度较慢时,判断为无其他车辆,反之,则判断为有其他车辆。
更详细地,处理器40所储存的车辆参数包含车重、前轮转向刚性、后轮转向刚性、车辆重心到前轮的距离、以及车辆重心到后轮的距离。另外,惯性检测单元10所检测的车体参数包含车辆偏航率、前轮侧滑角、后轮侧滑角、前轮速度角、后轮速度角、以及前轮转向角。在此,前轮侧滑角可以由下列方程式1-2所计算出、后轮侧滑角可以由下列方程式3-4所计算出、侧向加速度可以由方程式5-7计算出。
方程式1:αf=δf-θVf,其中αf为前轮侧滑角、δf为前轮转向角、θVf为前轮速度角。
方程式3:αr=-θVr,其中αr为后轮侧滑角,θVr为前轮速度角。
方程式6:Fyf=Cfαf,其中Fyf为前轮侧向力、Cf为前轮转向刚性、αf为前轮侧滑角。
方程式7:Fyr=Crαr,其中Fyr为后轮侧向力、Cr为后轮转向刚性、αr为后轮侧滑角。
进一步地,处理器40可以设定安全阈值为0.2G至0.3G,在此,G系指重力加速度。如此,所乘载的乘客对于车辆500转向切换车道,可以具有较佳的舒适感,而不会感到晕眩。另外,处理器40可以依据车速来调整,控制车辆500由原行驶车道切换至另一车道所需的时间为1.5秒至4秒。
另外,处理器40还电性连接车辆500的车辆控制总线510,当处理器40判断相对距离小于门槛值且侧向加速度大于安全阈值时,处理器40发出控制信号C至车辆控制总线510,以调整车速及加速度。例如,执行剎车,降低车速及加速度,以避免与前方的障碍物发生碰撞。或者,当处理器40判断该相对距离小于该门槛值、该侧向加速度小于该安全阈值及依据该车辆周边影像判断该车辆周边有所述其他车辆时,该处理器40发出控制信号C至该车辆控制总线510,以调整该车速及该加速度。
再次参阅图1,进一步地,转动装置50包含方向盘传感器51,方向盘传感器51电性连接处理器40,并检测方向盘转动角度而产生角度信息P,并将角度信息P传送至处理器40,处理器40依据角度信息P调整转向信号R,藉此,处理器40可以实时地微调方向盘转动的角度,而避免偏差。进一步地,方向盘传感器51所感测的角度,在车辆500跟随道路边线信息行驶时,应与图资单元20所储存的道路边线信息、以及视觉追踪器30所撷取到道路边线影像一致。
图2为车道变换方法的流程图。如图2所示,车道变换方法S1包含步骤S10、步骤S20、步骤S30、步骤S40、步骤S50、步骤S60、以及步骤S70。同时参阅图1,步骤S10由惯性检测单元10检测车辆500的车速、加速度、以及多个车体参数。步骤S20是由视觉追踪器30检测道路曲率值、相对距离、并撷取车辆周边影像及道路边线影像。步骤S30是由处理器40依据储存于内存60中多个车辆参数、以及车速、加速度及道路曲率值计算出侧向加速度,其计算的方式大致如前述所示。
步骤S40为连续判断步骤,包含步骤S41、步骤S43、步骤S45。步骤S41是由处理器40判断在相对距离是否小于门槛值,若为“是”,则进入步骤S43继续判断,若为“否”则进入步骤S60。步骤S43是由处理器40判断侧向加速度是否小于安全阈值,若为“是”则进入步骤S45继续判断,若为“否”则进入步骤S70。步骤S45是由处理器40依据车辆周边影像,判断是否有其他车辆,例如,左方车道、右方车道、后方是否有来车或障碍物等,若判断为“是”则进入步骤S50,若判断为“否”则进入步骤S70。
图3为车辆自动变换车道的俯视示意图。同时参阅图2及图3,在步骤S50中处理器40产生转向信号R控制转动装置50转动,使车辆500由原行驶车道L1切换至另一车道L2。处理器40随时接收来自图资单元20的车辆500的实时位置、并比对来自图资单元20的道路边线信息及道路边线影像,当处理器40判断车辆500的实时位置进入另一车道L2后,进入步骤S60,处理器40产生跟随信号T,控制转动装置50跟随道路边线信息行驶。
同时参阅图1及图3,若是处理器40判断车辆500与前方对象B,例如,障碍物或车辆的相对距离仍大于门槛值时,会进入步骤S60继续产生跟随信号T,控制转动装置50跟随道路边线信息行驶。也就是,除非前方会影响到本身的行车安全时,才启动步骤S50,来进行转向,使车辆500变换车道。
但步骤S43判断为“否”时,也就是当处理器40判断相对距离小于该门槛值(即相对距离不足以进行转向变换车道的情况)、且该侧向加速度大于该安全阈值时。或是,步骤S41、步骤S43判断为“是”,但步骤S45判断为否时,也就是处理器40依据车辆周边影像判断车辆500周边有其他车辆时,也就是处理器40判断车辆500无法完全避免与其他车辆碰撞的条件下,进入步骤S70,处理器40发出控制信号C至车辆500的车辆控制总线510,以调整车速及加速度。换言之,可以剎车、降速,来使车辆500避免碰撞前方对象B。进一步地,还可以在降速、或减少加速度后,再回到步骤S30重新计算,再进行后续的判断。然而,这仅做为示例,而不限于此,例如,步骤S43与步骤S45的判断顺序也可以相互置换。
另外,在步骤S60中,该转动装置50包含一方向盘传感器51,该方向盘传感器51电性连接该处理器40,并检测一方向盘的转动角度而产生一角度信息P,并将该角度信息P传送至该处理器40,该处理器40依据该角度信息P调整该转向信号R。
再次参阅图3,通过前述的计算,可以控制车辆500的变换车道的安全阈值为0.2G至0.3G、另一车道L2的时间为1.5秒至4秒,而计算出合适的切换车道行驶距离d、侧向偏移量W,以及基于此计算出的偏航角θc。
在此,车辆500对于偏航角θc的轨迹及侧向偏移量W的关系,可以通过拉普拉斯转换(Laplace Transform)来呈现,可以描述如下方程序8所示,其可已以二阶阻尼响应的形态来描述,但此仅为示例,而不限于此。
另外,转动装置50的操作函数可以方程式9来描述,在此设定系统频率为6π、阻尼比为0.8,但这仅为示例,而非用以限制。
进一步地,车辆500空间的状态可以方程式10及方程式11来描述:
方程式11:output=CX,其中C为另一系统常数,X为状态空间变量,如此,描述一个具有多个输入参数(δf)、多个输出参数(Output)及多个状态空间变量X的系统,将其状态空间变量的微分表示成所有状态空间变量与输入参数的线性关系组合。
方程式12:
在图2中所述的车道变换方法S1为一种实施方式,可由包含多个指令之一计算机程序产品实现。各计算机程序产品可为能被于网络上传输的档案,亦可被储存于一非瞬时计算机可读取储存媒体(non-transitory computer readable storage medium)中。针对各计算机程序产品,在其所包含的该等指令被加载一电子计算装置(例如:在图1中所述的车到变换系统1)之后,该计算机程序执行如在图2中所述的车道变换方法。非瞬时计算机可读取储存媒体可为一电子产品,例如:一只读存储器(read only memory;ROM)、一快闪内存、一软盘、一硬盘、一光盘(compact disk;CD)、一随身碟、一磁带、一可由网络存取的记录组件或本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所知且具有相同功能的任何其他储存媒体。
综上实施例所述,通过处理器40计算出车辆500侧向加速度,来控制车辆500切换车道的侧向加速度及行驶距离等,能提供乘客在车辆500变换车道时较佳的安全性及舒适度,进而使得乘客感到舒适而不恐慌,若是载运货物的车辆500,其所运载的货物也能确保,从而提升了无人自动车、或是自动辅助驾驶的可靠性。
虽然本发明的技术内容已经以较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟习此技艺者,在不脱离本发明的精神所作些许的更动与润饰,皆应涵盖于本发明的范畴内,因此本发明的保护范围当视后附的申请专利范围所界定者为准。
Claims (18)
1.一种车道变换系统,其特征在于,装设于一车辆中,包含:
一惯性检测单元,检测该车辆的一车速、一加速度及多个车体参数;
一图资单元,检测所述车辆的一实时位置,并储存有一道路边线信息;
一视觉追踪器,检测一道路曲率值、一相对距离,并撷取一道路边线影像及一车辆周边影像;
一内存,储存有多个车辆参数;
一处理器,电性连接所述视觉追踪器、所述图资单元、所述内存及所述惯性检测单元,其中所述处理器用以:
接收所述车速、所述车体参数、所述加速度、所述道路曲率值、所述相对距离、所述道路边线信息、所述车辆周边影像及所述道路边线影像;
依据所述车辆参数、所述车速、所述加速度及所述道路曲率值计算出一侧向加速度;以及
在判断所述相对距离小于一门槛值、所述侧向加速度小于一安全阈值及依据所述车辆周边影像判断所述车辆周边无其他车辆时,产生一转向信号;以及
一转动装置,电性连接所述处理器,接收所述转向信号,使所述车辆由一原行驶车道切换至另一车道。
2.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,更包含:
所述处理器比对所述车辆的所述实时位置、所述道路边线信息及所述道路边线影像以产生一跟随信号;以及
所述转向装置接收所述跟随信号,使所述车辆依据所述道路边线信息继续行驶。
3.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述处理器更电性连接所述车辆的一车辆控制总线,当所述处理器判断所述相对距离小于所述门槛值且所述侧向加速度大于所述安全阈值时,所述处理器发出一控制信号至所述车辆控制总线,以调整所述车速及所述加速度。
4.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述处理器更电性连接所述车辆的一车辆控制总线,当所述处理器判断所述相对距离小于所述门槛值、所述侧向加速度小于所述安全阈值及依据所述车辆周边影像判断所述车辆周边有所述其他车辆时,所述处理器发出一控制信号至所述车辆控制总线,以调整所述车速及所述加速度。
5.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述转动装置包含一方向盘传感器,所述方向盘传感器电性连接所述处理器,并检测一方向盘的转动角度而产生一角度信息,并将所述角度信息传送至所述处理器,所述处理器依据所述角度信息调整所述转向信号。
6.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述车辆参数包含一车重、一前轮转向刚性、一后轮转向刚性、一车辆重心到前轮的距离及一车辆重心到后轮的距离。
7.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述侧向加速度的所述安全阈值为0.2G至0.3G,其中G代表重力加速度。
8.如权利要求7所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述车辆由所述原行驶车道切换至所述另一车道所需的时间为1.5秒至4秒。
9.如权利要求1所述的车道变换系统,其特征在于,所述车体参数包含一车辆偏航率、一前轮侧滑角、一后轮侧滑角、一前轮速度角、一后轮速度角及一前轮转向角。
10.一种车道变换方法,其特征在于,包含:
由一惯性检测单元检测所述车辆的一车速、一加速度及多个车体参数;
由一图资单元检测所述车辆的一实时位置,并储存有一道路边线信息;
由一视觉追踪器检测一道路曲率值、一相对距离,并撷取一车辆周边影像及一道路边线影像;
由一处理器依据储存于一内存中的多个车辆参数、所述车速、所述加速度及所述道路曲率值计算出一侧向加速度;
由所述处理器判断在所述相对距离小于一门槛值、所述侧向加速度小于一安全阈值、且依据所述车辆周边影像判断所述车辆周边无任何其他车辆时,产生一转向信号;以及
由一转动装置,接收所述转向信号,使所述车辆由一原行驶车道切换至另一车道。
11.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,更包含:
由所述处理器比对所述车辆的所述实时位置、所述道路边线信息及所述道路边线影像以产生一跟随信号;以及
由所述转向装置接收所述跟随信号,使所述车辆依据所述道路边线信息继续行驶。
12.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,更包含:
当所述处理器判断所述相对距离小于所述门槛值且所述侧向加速度大于所述安全阈值时,所述处理器发出一控制信号至所述车辆的一车辆控制总线,以调整所述车速及所述加速度。
13.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,更包含:
当所述处理器判断所述相对距离小于所述门槛值、所述侧向加速度小于所述安全阈值及依据所述车辆周边影像判断所述车辆周边有所述其他车辆时,所述处理器发出一控制信号至所述车辆控制总线,以调整所述车速及所述加速度。
14.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,所述转动装置包含一方向盘传感器,所述方向盘传感器电性连接所述处理器,并检测一方向盘的转动角度而产生一角度信息,并将所述角度信息传送至所述处理器,所述处理器依据所述角度信息调整所述转向信号。
15.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,所述车辆参数包含一车重、一前轮转向刚性、一后轮转向刚性、一车辆重心到前轮的距离及一车辆重心到后轮的距离。
16.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,所述侧向加速度的所述安全阈值为0.2G至0.3G,其中G代表重力加速度。
17.如权利要求16所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,所述车辆由所述原行驶车道切换至所述另一车道所需的时间为1.5秒至4秒。
18.如权利要求10所述的车道变换方法,其特征在于,所述车体参数包含一车辆偏航率、一前轮侧滑角、一后轮侧滑角、一前轮速度角、一后轮速度角及一前轮转向角。
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US16/212,968 US20200148260A1 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-12-07 | Lane changing system and lane changing method |
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KR20220133007A (ko) * | 2021-03-24 | 2022-10-04 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량의 주행 지원 장치 및 그것의 동작 방법 |
CN113104038B (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-12-20 | 江铃汽车股份有限公司 | 车辆换道控制方法、装置、电子设备及可读存储介质 |
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