CN111168054B - Special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of a high-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises an alloy element Mg, an alloy element Mn, an alloy element Zr, an alloy element Ni, an alloy element Fe, an alloy element Mo and an alloy element Al; the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 5.5-9% of an alloy element Mg, 1.5-2.5% of an alloy element Mn, 0.2-1.2% of an alloy element Zr, 0.2-0.45% of an alloy element Ni, 0.1-0.35% of an alloy element Fe, 0.1-0.40% of an alloy element Mo and the balance of an alloy element Al. According to the invention, the low-cost element is used for replacing the Sc to develop the Al-Mg-M (M is a low-cost element) alloy powder for 3D printing, the mechanical property of the printed product is equivalent to that of scandium-containing aluminum alloy, the cost is reduced by 40%, the excellent mechanical property of the printed product is realized, the cost is lower, and the method is suitable for industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing of 3D printing materials, and particularly relates to scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of a high-strength aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, due to the important requirement of high-end equipment such as aerospace, rail transit and the like for light-weight and high-performance products, the requirement of 3D printing (also called additive manufacturing) for complex and light-weight aluminum alloy components is also more and more emphasized: firstly, the requirement of light weight is met, the traditional simple-shaped part is changed into a complex-shaped part after topological structure optimization is carried out, and 3D printing is an important method for solving the problem of manufacturing complex structural parts; secondly, the requirement of fine grain strengthening, grain refinement is an important way for improving the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy product, but the degree of grain refinement of the aluminum alloy product obtained by traditional casting and plastic processing is limited, and the rapid cooling effect of 3D printing can just realize fine grain refinement. The academic world and the industrial world can easily think that the traditional casting and forging aluminum alloy is made into powder with unchanged components and is directly used for 3D printing, but the following problems are faced: firstly, the 3D printing of the traditional aluminum alloy such as 2-series to 7-series aluminum alloy gas atomized powder has serious cracking and poor performance; second, only 4-series cast AlSi alloys, which are currently the traditional aluminum alloys, are suitable for 3D printing, but their mechanical properties are not high (tensile < 400MPa, elongation < 6.5%).
At present, relevant documents and patents report that Al-Mg-Sc 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloy, but the content of scandium (Sc) in the alloy generally exceeds 0.6 wt%, while metal scandium is 5 times of the price of gold, scandium is a scarce resource and a strategic resource in China, and the content of scandium in the crust is very little, so that the 3D printing high-strength Al-Mg-Sc alloy is expensive, and the popularization of the 3D printing technology in the civil industry is limited.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a high-strength alloy suitable for 3D printing, which has low cost and is suitable for industrial application while achieving excellent mechanical properties of printed products.
Disclosure of Invention
This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention has been made in view of the above and/or other problems occurring in the prior art of 3D printing of high strength aluminum alloys.
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy comprises an alloy element Mg, an alloy element Mn, an alloy element Zr, an alloy element Ni, an alloy element Fe, an alloy element Mo and an alloy element Al; the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 5.5-9% of an alloy element Mg, 1.5-2.5% of an alloy element Mn, 0.2-1.2% of an alloy element Zr, 0.2-0.45% of an alloy element Ni, 0.1-0.35% of an alloy element Fe, 0.1-0.40% of an alloy element Mo and the balance of an alloy element Al.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass ratio of an alloy element Mg to an alloy element Mn in the alloy powder is 2.8-3.8.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass fraction of an alloying element Zr is 0.5-1.2%.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass fraction of an alloy element Fe is 0.23-0.35%.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass ratio of an alloy element Mn to an alloy element Zr in the alloy powder is 4-10.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing comprises impurities, and the total mass fraction of the impurities is not more than 0.1%.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 8.5% of an alloy element Mg, 2.3% of an alloy element Mn, 1.1% of an alloy element Zr, 0.4% of an alloy element Ni, 0.33% of an alloy element Fe, 0.34% of an alloy element Mo and the balance of an alloy element Al.
As a preferable scheme of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the particle size range of the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-50 mu m.
The invention further aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a preparation method of the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of smelting raw materials: adding high-purity Mg ingots, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Al-Mo intermediate alloy and high-purity Al ingots into a vacuum induction furnace according to the mass fraction ratio, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 30 min; atomizing to prepare powder: transferring the smelted prealloy metal into an atomization tank, and carrying out atomization powder preparation by using helium, wherein the gas pressure is 2-4 MPa, and the gas flow is 2-4 mL/min; powder screening: sieving the atomized prealloyed metal powder by using a mesh sieve, and performing 3D printing on the fine powder which is used for 250 meshes by using an airflow sieve matched with a 250-mesh sieve; and (3) heat preservation and drying: and (3) placing the screened powder into a vacuum drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 10 hours, so that the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy is obtained.
As a preferred scheme of the preparation method of the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the preparation method comprises the following steps: the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 5.5-9% of an alloy element Mg, 1.5-2.5% of an alloy element Mn, 0.2-1.2% of an alloy element Zr, 0.2-0.45% of an alloy element Ni, 0.1-0.35% of an alloy element Fe, 0.1-0.40% of an alloy element Mo and the balance of an alloy element Al.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing, which is developed by replacing Sc with cheap elements, wherein the mechanical property of a printed part of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder is equivalent to that of scandium-containing aluminum alloy, the cost is reduced by 40%, and the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder is lower in cost and suitable for industrial application while the excellent mechanical property of the printed part is realized.
(2) The invention provides scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of a high-strength aluminum alloy, wherein a printed part of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder is fine and uniform in structure, free of cracks, high in density and capable of showing excellent mechanical properties which exceed the mechanical properties of similar price products by 30%.
(3) The invention provides a preparation method of special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of a high-strength aluminum alloy, which subverts the knowledge of the academic and industrial circles on aluminum alloy materials6The Mn nano particles are strengthened to prepare the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, and the scientific law of nonequilibrium physical metallurgy is enriched.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a metallographic image of 3D-printed corroded high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder in an example of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a gold phase diagram of a specific part of a 3D printed high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a gold phase diagram of a 3D printed high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy component in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of 3D-printed high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy specific parts in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscope image of a 3D printed high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy specific part in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a stress-strain curve diagram of a specific sample of 3D-printed high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below with reference to examples of the specification.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
The raw materials used in the invention are as follows: 99.96% high purity Mg ingot, Al-10 wt.% Mn master alloy, Al-5 wt.% Zr master alloy, Al-10 wt.% Ni master alloy, Al-10 wt.% Fe master alloy, Al-5 wt.% Mo master alloy, and 99.996% high purity Al ingot.
Example 1
(1) The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 5.5%, Mn: 1.5%, Zr: 0.5%, Ni: 0.2%, Fe: 0.23%, Mo: 0.13 percent, and the balance of alloy element Al.
(2) The preparation method of the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following steps:
smelting raw materials: adding high-purity Mg ingots, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Al-Mo intermediate alloy and high-purity Al ingots into a vacuum induction furnace according to the mass fraction ratio, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 30 min;
atomizing to prepare powder: transferring the smelted prealloy metal into an atomization tank, and carrying out atomization powder preparation by using helium, wherein the gas pressure is 2-4 MPa, and the gas flow is 2-4 mL/min;
powder screening: sieving the atomized prealloyed metal powder by using a mesh sieve, and performing 3D printing on the fine powder which is used for 250 meshes by using an airflow sieve matched with a 250-mesh sieve;
and (3) heat preservation and drying: and (3) placing the screened powder into a vacuum drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 10 hours, so that the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy is obtained.
(3) At an energy density of 70J/mm3Laser 3D printing is carried out under the parameters, a long strip block sample with the thickness of 70mm multiplied by 10mm is printed out, no heat treatment is carried out, and specific data of tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness are detected based on GB/T228.1-2010 and are shown in Table 1.
(4) The 3D printed gold phase diagram of the corroded high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the gas atomized original powder is compact, the content of the hollow powder is low, and the structure is fine.
(5) A3D printed high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy specific part gold phase diagram is shown in figure 2, and as can be seen from figure 2, no cracks exist in the interior, and the interior is dense.
(6) A scanning electron microscope image of the specific parts of the high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy is printed in a 3D mode, and as shown in figure 4, the grains are very fine and can be obtained based on a fine grain strengthening principle, and the strength of a printed part with fine grain structure characteristics is high.
(7) And 3D printing a transmission electron microscope image of the specific high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy part, as shown in figure 5, wherein a nano cell crystal and a submicron columnar crystal are formed inside the alloy part, and the multi-scale crystal grains coexist to realize cooperative reinforcement.
(8)3D printing of a stress-strain curve diagram of a specific sample of the high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy is shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen that the relatively mature AlSi alloy is shown10The alloy system has excellent tensile strength and elongation at break in a printing state.
Example 2
(1) The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 6.0%, Mn: 1.7%, Zr: 0.7%, Ni: 0.25%, Fe: 0.25%, Mo: 0.17 percent, and the balance of alloy element Al.
(2) The alloy with the chemical composition is atomized to prepare powder for printing, and the specific mode is as shown in (2) in example 1.
(3) The specific data of tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness are shown in table 1 after laser 3D printing and no heat treatment.
(4)3D printing a high-strength Al-Mg-Mn alloy specific part gold phase diagram shown in figure 3, and it can be seen that no crack exists in the interior.
Example 3
(1) The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 7.5%, Mn: 1.9%, Zr: 0.9%, Ni: 0.3%, Fe: 0.29%, Mo: 0.22 percent, the balance of alloy element Al and the balance of alloy element Al.
(2) The alloy with the chemical composition is atomized to prepare powder for printing, and the specific mode is as shown in (2) in example 1.
(3) The specific data of tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness are shown in table 1 after laser 3D printing and no heat treatment.
Example 4
(1) The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 8.0%, Mn: 2.1%, Zr: 1.0%, Ni: 0.35%, Fe: 0.31%, Mo: 0.28 percent, and the balance of alloy element Al.
(2) The alloy with the chemical composition is atomized to prepare powder for printing, and the specific mode is as shown in (2) in example 1.
(3) The specific data of tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness are shown in table 1 after laser 3D printing and no heat treatment.
Example 5
(1) The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 8.5%, Mn: 2.3%, Zr: 1.1%, Ni: 0.4%, Fe: 0.33%, Mo: 0.34 percent, and the balance of alloy element Al.
(2) The alloy with the chemical composition is atomized to prepare powder for printing, and the specific mode is as shown in (2) in example 1.
(3) The specific data of tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness are shown in table 1 after laser 3D printing and no heat treatment.
Example 6
(1) The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 9%, Mn: 2.5%, Zr: 1.2%, Ni: 0.45%, Fe: 0.35%, Mo: 0.4 percent, and the balance of alloy element Al.
(2) The alloy with the chemical composition is atomized to prepare powder for printing, and the specific mode is as shown in (2) in example 1.
(3) The specific data of tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness are shown in table 1 after laser 3D printing and no heat treatment.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of alloys prepared in examples 1 to 6
| Tensile strength (Mpa) | Elongation at Break (%) | Microhardness (HV0.2) | |
| Example 1 | 454 | 10 | 156 |
| Example 2 | 447 | 10 | 158 |
| Example 3 | 459 | 11 | 161 |
| Example 4 | 465 | 12 | 168 |
| Example 5 | 474 | 10 | 175 |
| Example 6 | 455 | 10 | 162 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the alloy system of the present invention has better comprehensive mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness) than the existing mature laser additive manufacturing aluminum alloy system in the non-heat treatment state. Compared with other high-strength additive manufacturing aluminum alloy systems, the alloy system has the technical advantages of high performance and low cost.
Comparative example 1
The Mg content in example 5 was adjusted to 4 wt%, the other preparation conditions were the same as in example 5, and the specific data of the tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness were obtained as shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
The Mg content in example 5 was adjusted to 11 wt%, the other preparation conditions were the same as in example 5, and the specific data of the tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness were obtained as shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3
The Mn content in example 5 was adjusted to 0.9 wt%, the other preparation conditions were the same as in example 5, and the specific data of the tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness were obtained as shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4
The Mn content in example 5 was adjusted to 3.5 wt%, the other preparation conditions were the same as in example 5, and the specific data of the tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness were obtained as shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 5
The Zr content in example 5 was adjusted to 0.1 wt%, the other preparation conditions were the same as in example 5, and the specific data of the tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness were obtained as shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 6
The Zr content in example 5 was adjusted to 1.5 wt%, the other preparation conditions were the same as in example 5, and the specific data of the tensile strength, elongation at break and microhardness were obtained as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the comparative example alloys
| Tensile strength (Mpa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HV0.2) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 344 | 4 | 105 |
| Comparative example 2 | 395 | 6 | 118 |
| Comparative example 3 | 365 | 5 | 109 |
| Comparative example 4 | 377 | 5 | 107 |
| Comparative example 5 | 401 | 6 | 129 |
| Comparative example 6 | 425 | 8 | 136 |
As can be seen from Table 2, by adjusting the content of the minor alloy elements in the powder components, the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical properties can be achieved, and component selection is provided for parts with different mechanical property ranges. The conditions in preferred embodiment 5 of the present invention are the best in mechanical properties.
The scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy is designed by considering various factors such as crack prevention, solid solution strengthening, super-saturation strengthening, stacking fault strengthening, nano precipitation strengthening and the like instead of simply reducing the traditional alloy to be transplanted into 3D printing. Mg is used as an alloy principal element, can be supersaturated and dissolved into the crystal lattice of FCC aluminum in the printing process, and plays a role in solid solution strengthening. The invention discloses the action of Mn element in special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: firstly, most Mn is dissolved in crystal lattices of Al to form supersaturated solid solution strengthening; secondly, the rest of Mn forms Al6Mn fine strengthening phase, so that the crystal grains are refined and the hot cracking is prevented. Thirdly, the fluidity of the alloy molten pool is improved, and the density is improved.
The invention discloses the action of Zr element in scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: adding 0.2-0.6% of Zr element to inhibit the growth of crystal grains, and the formed AlZr particles play a role in nano precipitation strengthening. The high-strength aluminum alloy 3D printing special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder has the following effects of Ni elements: adding 0.2-0.45% of Ni, and dissolving into FCC aluminum crystal lattice to improve the heat crack resistance and high temperature strength of the alloy. However, if the content of the Ni element exceeds 0.5%, the solidification characteristics of the alloy are gradually affected, the fluidity is gradually lowered, and the porosity is increased.
The invention discloses the action of Fe element in special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: 0.1-0.35% of Fe is added, mainly for absorbing impurity elements in the alloy, so that harmful impurities are combined with Fe to form a reinforcing phase in the material, and meanwhile, the thermal stability of the alloy is improved. However, if the Fe element content exceeds 0.4%, the hardness of the printed material gradually increases and the residual stress gradually increases. The effect of Mo element in the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy is as follows: mo forms an AlMo compound and plays a role in nano precipitation strengthening. However, Mo content exceeding 0.4% causes an increase in surface smoothness and surface quality of the aluminum alloy, and in residual stress.
The inventor researches and discovers that the control of the ratio of Mg/Mn is very critical to whether the aluminum alloy without cracks and with high strength can be prepared, and the control of the ratio of Mg/Mn is more than or equal to 2.2 and less than or equal to 6. Mg and Mn both have a solid solution strengthening effect, but the other part of Mn acts as Al6Precipitation strengthening effect of Mn compound. The control of the Mg/Mn ratio is very critical, and the grain refinement and the nano reinforcement can be ensured only when the Mg/Mn ratio is controlled within the range of more than or equal to 2.2 and less than or equal to 6, and the alloy is not cracked. Can print the aluminum alloy parts with the tensile strength of more than or equal to 460MPa, the average hardness of more than or equal to 150HV0.2 and the elongation of more than or equal to 10 percent. The inventor adopts the same preparation method, if the ratio of Mg/Mn is more than 6, the total solid solution of Mn is caused, the content of Al6Mn precipitated phase is very low, and the mechanical property of a printed product is reduced even below 400 MPa. With the same preparation method, if the Mg/Mn ratio is less than 2.2, Mn and Al are caused to form A6Mn compound in a large amount, so that a printed product is cracked, and the performance is sharply deteriorated.
The inventor further researches and discovers that the ratio of Mn/Zr has a large influence on the tensile strength and the high-temperature resistance of a printed product, and the Mn/Zr is controlled to be more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10 so as to ensure that the alloy has high tensile strength and high-temperature resistance stability. Can print the aluminum alloy parts with the tensile strength of more than or equal to 470MPa, the average hardness of more than or equal to 160HV0.2 and the elongation of more than or equal to 10 percent. By adopting the same preparation method, if the ratio of Mn/Zr is more than 10, Zr in the alloy can be dissolved, so that the quantity of Al3Zr precipitated particles is reduced, the mechanical property of a printed product is reduced, and the comprehensive performance is deteriorated. By adopting the same preparation method, if the ratio of Mn/Zr is less than 4, Zr can inhibit the solid solution of Mn, thus causing the reduction of the high-temperature resistance stability of a printed piece, and Al simultaneously3Zr particles are precipitated along the grain boundary, and the elongation of the printed product is gradually reduced.
In conclusion, the invention provides the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy, the low-price element is used for replacing the Sc to develop the Al-Mg-M (M is a low-price element) alloy powder for 3D printing, the mechanical property of a printed part is equivalent to that of a scandium-containing aluminum alloy, the cost is reduced by 40%, the excellent mechanical property of the printed part is realized, the cost is lower, and the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder is suitable for industrial application.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
the alloy comprises Mg, Mn, Zr, Ni, Fe, Mo and Al; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
by taking the mass of the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing as a hundred percent, 5.5-9% of alloy element Mg, 1.5-2.5% of alloy element Mn, 0.2-1.2% of alloy element Zr, 0.2-0.45% of alloy element Ni, 0.1-0.35% of alloy element Fe, 0.1-0.40% of alloy element Mo and the balance of alloy element Al; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the mass ratio of the alloy element Mg to the alloy element Mn in the alloy powder is 2.8-3.8.
2. The scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass fraction of an alloying element Zr is 0.5-1.2%.
3. The scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass fraction of an alloy element Fe is 0.23-0.35%.
4. The scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder, the mass ratio of an alloy element Mn to an alloy element Zr in the alloy powder is 4-10.
5. The scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing comprises, by mass, 8.5% of an alloy element Mg, 2.3% of an alloy element Mn, 1.1% of an alloy element Zr, 0.4% of an alloy element Ni, 0.33% of an alloy element Fe, 0.34% of an alloy element Mo and the balance of an alloy element Al.
6. The scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of high-strength aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size range of the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing is 10-50 mu m.
7. The preparation method of the special scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
smelting raw materials: adding high-purity Mg ingots, Al-Mn intermediate alloy, Al-Zr intermediate alloy, Al-Ni intermediate alloy, Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Al-Mo intermediate alloy and high-purity Al ingots into a vacuum induction furnace according to the mass fraction ratio, and keeping the temperature at 800 ℃ for 30 min;
atomizing to prepare powder: transferring the smelted prealloy metal into an atomization tank, and carrying out atomization powder preparation by using helium, wherein the gas pressure is 2-4 MPa, and the gas flow is 2-4 mL/min;
powder screening: screening the atomized prealloyed metal powder, and performing 3D printing on the fine powder which is used for 250 meshes by adopting an airflow sieve matched with a 250-mesh sieve;
and (3) heat preservation and drying: and (3) placing the screened powder into a vacuum drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 90 ℃, and the drying time is 10 hours, so that the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy is obtained.
8. The method for preparing the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the scandium-free Al-Mg-Mn alloy powder special for 3D printing of the high-strength aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 5.5-9% of an alloy element Mg, 1.5-2.5% of an alloy element Mn, 0.2-1.2% of an alloy element Zr, 0.2-0.45% of an alloy element Ni, 0.1-0.35% of an alloy element Fe, 0.1-0.40% of an alloy element Mo and the balance of an alloy element Al.
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| CN108465807A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-31 | 中南大学 | A kind of high intensity Al-Mg-Sc alloy powders, preparation method, the application in 3D printing and its 3D printing method |
| CN109487126A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-19 | 中车工业研究院有限公司 | A kind of Al alloy powder and its preparation method and application can be used for 3D printing |
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| CN108465807A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-31 | 中南大学 | A kind of high intensity Al-Mg-Sc alloy powders, preparation method, the application in 3D printing and its 3D printing method |
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