CN111167956A - Method and device for realizing forming of necking and thickening of tube blank - Google Patents
Method and device for realizing forming of necking and thickening of tube blank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111167956A CN111167956A CN202010050329.4A CN202010050329A CN111167956A CN 111167956 A CN111167956 A CN 111167956A CN 202010050329 A CN202010050329 A CN 202010050329A CN 111167956 A CN111167956 A CN 111167956A
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- tube blank
- die assembly
- bottom plate
- necking
- thickening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/18—Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
- B21D41/04—Reducing; Closing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pipe processing, in particular to a device for realizing the forming of necking and thickening of a pipe blank, which comprises the following components: an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate; a first drive element; the upper bottom plate is in transmission connection with the upper bottom plate and is used for driving the upper bottom plate to slide along the length direction of the lower bottom plate; a mold assembly; a second drive element; a chuck; the outer wall surface is arranged on the upper surface of the lower bottom plate and used for clamping the tube blank; a cooling device; between the collet and the die assembly. The pipe blank is heated more rapidly and accurately by using electric pulses, the forming load in the necking thickening forming process is smaller by ultrasonic vibration auxiliary feeding, the stress state of the pipe blank necking thickening is improved, the pipe blank necking part is directly tapped after being thickened radially, a riveting threaded sleeve is replaced, the connecting strength of an airplane pull rod is obviously increased, the weight of a component is reduced, the utilization rate of materials is improved, and the machining allowance is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pipe processing, in particular to a method and a device for realizing the forming of necking and thickening of a pipe blank.
Background
The necking process is a forming method for reducing the diameter of the opening of a tube blank, is one of tube plastic processing technologies, and is widely applied to production and manufacturing of structural members in aerospace, national defense, light industry and the like.
At present, the pipe necking formation neglects the pipe processing hardening and the material thickness change after necking. Therefore, the radial direction of the reducing part is not obviously thickened after the pipe is formed, and other components are required to be connected in the later stage in a welding or riveting mode. At present, a pull rod in an airplane control mechanism is manufactured by a necking and riveting threaded sleeve, which inevitably causes low airplane connection strength, high weight and high cost, and is avoided in the airplane manufacturing industry to the utmost extent.
The research on the thickening of the necking is mainly introduced at home and abroad by adopting a distribution forming method of thickening the pipe end firstly and necking the pipe end secondly, which increases the production cost, reduces the production efficiency and increases the necking difficulty after thickening the pipe end. Or the pipe is axially fed by using an integral die, the forming method of firstly radially necking and then thickening the necking part after the pipe and the die are hot extruded is realized, the die is high in cost and heavy, and the pipe necking period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, the above-mentioned technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention provides a method and a device for realizing the forming of the thickening of the necking of the tube blank, which greatly reduce the processing cost, increase the diversity of the thickening of the necking, reduce the difficulty of the thickening of the necking and improve the surface quality of parts with thickened necking.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for achieving forming of a reduction thickening of a pipe blank, the apparatus comprising:
an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate; the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a stacked way;
a first drive element; the upper bottom plate is in transmission connection with the upper bottom plate and is used for driving the upper bottom plate to slide along the length direction of the lower bottom plate;
a mold assembly; a cavity for accommodating a part to be processed of the tube blank is arranged at the central position of the die assembly; dividing the die assembly into a left die assembly and a right die assembly along the axis of the die assembly; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are arranged on the upper surface of the upper base plate at intervals;
a second drive element; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are in transmission connection and are used for driving the left die assembly and the right die assembly to move oppositely along the width direction of the upper bottom plate until the left die assembly and the right die assembly are in butt joint;
a chuck; the outer wall surface is arranged on the upper surface of the lower bottom plate and used for clamping the tube blank;
a cooling device; between the chuck and the die assembly; a pipe blank through hole which can be communicated with the cavity is formed in the center of the cooling device, and when the left die assembly and the right die assembly are separated, the cooling device, the left die assembly and the right die assembly can form a U-shaped fence; when the left die assembly and the right die assembly are closed, the centers of the through hole of the tube blank and the cavity are positioned on the same straight line; the side walls of the cooling device are in intimate contact with the side walls of a portion of the mold assembly.
In addition, the floor brush according to the present invention may have the following additional features:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the number of the first driving elements is two, and the two first driving elements are respectively in transmission connection with the left die assembly and the right die assembly; the first driving element and the second driving element respectively comprise a hydraulic cylinder and a push head arranged on the hydraulic cylinder, and the push head on the second driving element is used for abutting against the left die assembly and the right die assembly; the push head on the first driving element is used for abutting against the upper bottom plate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the molding apparatus further comprises: an ultrasonic wave generating assembly; the first driving element and the second driving element are respectively arranged on the first driving element and the second driving element; the mechanical power for converting the high-frequency alternating current power is transmitted to the part to be processed of the tube blank through the die assembly.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, an ultrasonic wave generating assembly is disposed on each of the first driving element and the second driving element, and the ultrasonic wave generating assembly includes: the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer; the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with one end of the ultrasonic transducer, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the tail end of the amplitude transformer, and the front end of the amplitude transformer is connected with the pushing heads on the first driving element and the second driving element.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the molding apparatus further comprises: a high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply heating device; for heating the portion of the tube blank to be machined.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply heating device comprises a power supply and a first lead electrically connected with the power supply, wherein the first lead is electrically connected with the pipe blank to be machined in the cavity.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the die assembly comprises an outer die connected with the clamping groove of the upper bottom plate and an inner die arranged in a mounting groove of the outer die, and when the left die assembly and the right die assembly are closed, the side wall of the cooling device is tightly contacted with the side wall of the inner die; the die cavity penetrates through the inner die, and a first wire hole communicated with the die cavity is formed at the bottom of the mounting groove;
the outer mold comprises a left outer half mold and a right outer half mold; the inner mold comprises a left inner half mold and a right inner half mold;
the left mold assembly comprises a left outer mold half and a left inner mold half mounted in the left outer mold half;
the right mold assembly includes a right outer mold half and a right inner mold half mounted within the right outer mold half.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the molding apparatus further comprises: a second lead, an electrode plate and a mica sheet; one end of the second lead is electrically connected with a power supply; the other end of the second lead is electrically connected with the electrode plate, the electrode plate is installed on the side wall of the outer die, and the mica sheet is clamped between the electrode plate and the side wall of the outer die.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrode plates and the mica sheets are fixed on the side wall of the outer die through the positioning bolts;
the lower base plate is cuboid, the number of the upper base plate, the number of the die assemblies and the number of the cooling devices are two, the upper base plate, the die assemblies and the cooling devices are symmetrically arranged on the edge of the upper surface of the lower base plate respectively, and the number of the chucks is two, and the chucks are arranged between the two cooling devices at intervals respectively.
The second aspect of the present invention also provides a forming method for realizing necking thickening of a tube blank by using the forming device as described above, the forming method comprising the steps of:
s1: prefabricating a tube blank;
on the premise of meeting the manufacturing requirements, a pipe cutter is used for cutting a pipe blank with a certain length, the end face of the cut pipe blank is required to be perpendicular to a pipe shaft, the outer surface of the pipe blank is cleaned, the end opening is guaranteed to be flat and free of burrs, impurities are not arranged on the outer surface of the pipe blank, the burrs and the impurities are prevented from entering a cavity to damage a mold, the friction force between the pipe blank and the cavity is increased, and the pipe blank is not easy to shrink and thicken for forming;
s2: installation and calibration of the device;
firstly, mounting an upper bottom plate on a lower bottom plate, fixing a cooling device with the upper bottom plate, and connecting an outer mold with the upper bottom plate through a clamping groove;
fixing the mica sheets and the electrode plates on the side wall of the outer mold by using insulating nuts, and fixing the inner mold in the outer mold; the cooling device is closely contacted with the inner mold after the mold closing;
the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with one end of the ultrasonic transducer, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the tail end of the amplitude transformer, and the front end of the amplitude transformer is connected with the push heads on the first driving element and the second driving element;
connecting a clamping head on the lower bottom plate, and clamping and connecting the tube blank with the clamping head; adjusting the alignment of the shaft center hole of the cooling device and the shaft center hole of the inner die, adjusting the alignment of the shaft center of the tube blank and the shaft center of the inner die, and preventing the tube blank from bending due to shaft hole deviation during forming;
s3: preheating and cooling;
the cooling device is communicated with cooling liquid, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with plastic pipes, the cooling liquid flows in from the liquid inlet and flows out from the liquid outlet, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid needs to be properly controlled when the cooling liquid is communicated; the first lead and the second lead are connected to the electrode plate and the tube blank, a power supply is switched on, and high-frequency pulse current passes through a part to be processed of the tube blank to heat the part to be processed of the tube blank;
the tube blank is stretched into a proper length through a cooling device and then is fixed by a chuck; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are respectively pushed by a second driving element to slowly close the dies, so that necking forming of the tube blank is realized;
after the necking of the tube blank, the first driving element slowly pushes the upper bottom plate to feed to a preset displacement, and the thickening is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
1. the forming method is simpler and more convenient, and the general pipe necking thickening forming process is that the pipe is subjected to a local heating upsetting procedure and then is necked in a heating necking die. Or the pipe is axially fed by using an integral die, the forming method of firstly radially necking and then thickening the necking part after the pipe and the die are hot extruded is realized, the die is high in cost and heavy, and the pipe necking period is long. The forming method adopted by the invention enables the necking and thickening forming process of the tube blank to be quicker and more convenient, and the forming process to be simpler;
2. the heating device adopts high-frequency electric pulse direct-current power supply for discharging and heating, so that the heating speed of the tube blank can be increased, electric pulse can generate electro-plastic, the mobility of atoms and dislocation in the material is improved, the plasticity and the formability are greatly improved, the deformation resistance is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the carbon emission is reduced, and the environment is improved;
3. the forming load in the necking and thickening process of the tube blank is reduced by adopting the auxiliary feeding of ultrasonic vibration, the stress condition in the tube blank forming process is greatly improved, the necking part of the tube blank is directly tapped after being thickened in the radial direction, a riveting threaded sleeve is replaced, the processing quality of the tube blank is improved, the connecting strength of an airplane pull rod is obviously increased, the weight of a component is reduced, the utilization rate of materials is improved, and the machining allowance is reduced. In addition, the processing stability and the surface roughness of the tube blank can be improved through the frequency of ultrasonic vibration;
4. the ultrasonic vibration is regular and uniform vibration, when the tube blank is slowly transited from the straight tube end to the cavity region, the region belongs to the sudden change region of the necking of the tube blank, and the tube blank is assisted by the forward thrust of the transverse hydraulic cylinder and the ultrasonic vibration, so that the tube blank can be effectively prevented from being unstable inwards due to transverse compressive stress, and the phenomenon that the tube blank sinks inwards is avoided;
5. the mold assembly is designed in a blocking mode, the mold assembly can be divided into a left outer mold half, a right outer mold half, a left inner mold half and a right inner mold half, the left outer mold half and the right outer mold half are universal outer molds, the left inner mold half and the right inner mold half are forming molds, different inner molds can be designed according to different shrinkage cavity thickening sizes, the size of the inner molds is small, machining is convenient, and compared with the whole mold, the mold assembly for machining a plurality of sets of molds with different sizes is lower in cost, and is quicker and more convenient.
6. The die assembly adopts a blocking design, has good visibility, and compared with the integral die tube blank which cannot be observed after entering, the blocking die can effectively observe the necking change of the tube blank in the necking process and clearly check whether the forming hole of the die is damaged or not;
7. the die assembly adopts a blocking design, so that the lubricating liquid is more uniformly distributed on the surface of a forming hole and the surface of a tube blank, the lubrication in the thickening process is facilitated, the problem that the lubricating liquid is hung in the tube blank feeding in the integral die is avoided, the impurity cleaning is more convenient and effective, and the surface quality of the thickened necking is improved;
8. the mold assembly adopts a blocking design, and because the processing cost of the inner mold is low, standardized and precise production can be realized, the processing cost is greatly reduced, the diversity of necking thickening is increased, the difficulty of necking thickening is reduced, and the surface quality of parts after necking thickening is improved.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of the first drive element and the ultrasound generating assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the left mold assembly of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an assembly view of the tubular blank and the first wire of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a view showing the combination of the tube blank and the left die assembly in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
For convenience of description, spatially relative terms, such as "bottom," "front," "upper," "oblique," "lower," "top," "inner," "horizontal," "outer," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. This spatially relative relationship is intended to encompass different orientations of the mechanism in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the mechanism in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" can include both an orientation of above and below. The mechanism may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the first aspect of the present invention provides a forming apparatus for realizing necking thickening of a tube blank, the forming apparatus 100 comprising:
an upper base plate 11 and a lower base plate 12; the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a stacked way;
a first drive element 13; the upper bottom plate 11 is in transmission connection with the upper bottom plate 11 and is used for driving the upper bottom plate 11 to slide along the length direction of the lower bottom plate 12;
a mold assembly 14; a cavity 140 for accommodating a portion to be processed of the tube blank 15 is provided at a central position of the die assembly 14; mold assembly 14 is symmetrically divided along its axis into a left mold assembly 141 and a right mold assembly 142; the left mold assembly 141 and the right mold assembly 142 are arranged on the upper surface of the upper base plate 11 at intervals;
a second drive element (described in detail below); the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 are in transmission connection and used for driving the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 to move towards each other along the width direction of the upper bottom plate 11 until the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 are butted;
a chuck 16; an outer wall surface provided on the upper surface of the lower base plate 12 for clamping the tube blank 15;
a cooling device 17; a tube blank 15 for cooling and protecting the outside of the cavity 140; between the collet 16 and the die assembly 14; a tube blank through hole 170 which can be communicated with the cavity 140 is arranged at the center of the cooling device 17, and when the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 are separated, the cooling device 17, the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 can form a U-shaped enclosure; when the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 are closed, the centers of the tube blank through hole 170 and the cavity 140 are positioned on the same straight line; the side walls of the cooling device 17 are in close contact with the side walls of the part mold assembly 14.
In this embodiment, the lower plate 12 may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, two upper plates 11, two mold assemblies 14, and two cooling devices 17 may be respectively disposed and symmetrically disposed on the edge of the upper surface of the lower plate 12, and two chucks 16 may be disposed between the two cooling devices 17 at intervals. It should be noted that the two chucks 16 are positioned on the same straight line, the two chucks 16 respectively chuck the outer wall surface of the tube blank 15, and when the tube blank 15 is suspended and fixed between the two chucks 16, the center of the tube blank 15 and the center of the tube blank through hole 170 are positioned on the same straight line, so that the two ends of the tube blank 15 respectively correspond to the tube blank through hole 170 of the cooling device 17 positioned outside the tube blank 15, so that the ends of the tube blank 15 can be smoothly introduced into the tube blank through hole 170.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, there are at least two first driving elements 13, and the two first driving elements 13 are respectively in transmission connection with the left mold assembly 141 and the right mold assembly 142; the first driving element 12 and the second driving element are identical in structure, except that the first driving element 13 is respectively located in the width direction of the lower base plate 12 and is used for driving the left die assembly 141 and the right die assembly 142 to move along the width direction of the lower base plate 12, and the second driving element is located in the length direction of the lower base plate 12 and is used for driving the upper base plate 11 to move along the length direction of the lower base plate 12. Specifically, the first driving element 12 and the second driving element each include a hydraulic cylinder 120 and a push head 121 disposed on the hydraulic cylinder 120, and the push head 121 on the second driving element 12 is configured to interfere with the left mold assembly 141 and the right mold assembly 142; the pushing head 121 of the first driving element 12 is used for abutting against the upper base plate 11. Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder 120, which is the main power source in the present embodiment, generates a pressing force that pushes the left die assembly 141, the right die assembly 142, and the upper floor 12 to shape the tube blank 15.
In the present embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 120 and the pushing head 121 are used as the first driving element 12 and the second driving element. Of course, the first driving element 12 and the second driving element may also be motors or other structures, and the embodiment is not limited herein, and those skilled in the art can flexibly select the driving elements according to the needs.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the forming apparatus 100 further includes: an ultrasound generating assembly (described in detail below); respectively arranged on the first driving element 12 and the second driving element; mechanical power for converting the high-frequency alternating current power is transmitted to a portion to be machined of the tube blank 15 through the die assembly 14.
In this embodiment, each of the first driving element 12 and the second driving element is provided with an ultrasonic wave generating assembly, and the ultrasonic wave generating assembly includes: an ultrasonic generator 18, an ultrasonic transducer 19 and an amplitude transformer 20; the ultrasonic generator 18 is electrically connected with one end of the ultrasonic transducer 19, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer 19 is connected with the tail end of the amplitude transformer 20, and the front end of the amplitude transformer 20 is connected with the push heads 121 on the first driving element 12 and the second driving element.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, the forming apparatus 100 further includes: a high-frequency pulse dc power supply heating device (described in detail below); for heating the portion to be processed of the tube blank 15; specifically, the high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply heating device comprises a power supply 21 and a first lead 22 electrically connected with the power supply 21, wherein the first lead 22 is electrically connected with the tube blank 15 to be processed in the cavity 140.
With continued reference to fig. 5, the mold assembly 14 further includes an outer mold connected to the clamping groove of the upper base plate 11 and an inner mold installed in an installation groove of the outer mold, wherein the outer mold is used for fixing the inner mold, the inner mold is made of ceramic material and is used for hot extrusion necking thickening, and when the left mold assembly 141 and the right mold assembly 142 are closed, the side wall of the cooling device 17 is in close contact with the side wall of the inner mold; the cavity 140 penetrates through the inner mold, and a first wire hole 143 communicated with the cavity 140 is formed at the bottom of the mounting groove; specifically, the outer mold is divided evenly into a left outer mold half and a right outer mold half; the inner mold is divided evenly into a left inner half mold and a right inner half mold; the left mold assembly 141 and the right mold assembly 142 are mirror images of each other, and the left mold assembly 141 includes a left outer mold half 1410 and a left inner mold half 1411 installed in the left outer mold half 1410; the right mold assembly 142 includes a right outer mold half and a right inner mold half mounted within the right outer mold half.
In this embodiment, with reference to fig. 5, the left inner mold half 1411 includes a semi-cylindrical mold body 1412 and convex strips 1413 respectively disposed along an axial direction of an outer wall surface of the mold body 1412, mold taking holes 1414 are formed along the axial direction of the convex strips 1413, and 2 mold closing holes 1415 are formed on the left outer mold half 1410. Accordingly, the structure of the right inner mold half is the same as the structure of the left inner mold half 1411 and the structure of the left outer mold half 1410 is the same as the structure of the right outer mold half.
With continued reference to fig. 3-5, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the molding apparatus 100 further includes: a second lead 23, an electrode sheet 24, a mica sheet 25; wherein, one end of the second conducting wire 23 is electrically connected with the power supply 21; the other end of the second lead 23 is electrically connected with an electrode plate 24, the electrode plate 24 is mounted on the side wall of the outer mold, and the mica sheet 25 is sandwiched between the electrode plate 24 and the side wall of the outer mold. Specifically, the side walls of the outer mold are the side walls of the left outer mold half 1410 and the right outer mold half, and electrode plate positioning holes 1416 are formed in the side walls of the left outer mold half 1410 and the right outer mold half; the electrode plates 24 and the mica sheets 25 are fixed on the side wall of the outer mold through positioning bolts 26; namely, the electrode sheet 24 and the mica sheet 25 are fixed to the left outer mold half 1410 and the right outer mold half by the connection of the positioning bolts 26 and the electrode sheet positioning holes 1416.
In this embodiment, first, the power supply 21 is connected to the first lead 22 and the second lead 23, then the first lead 22 and the second lead 23 are respectively connected to the electrode plate 24 and the inner side of the tube blank 15, the power supply 21 is turned on, the current is adjusted to a specified intensity, a high-frequency pulse current flows through the portion of the tube blank to be processed, the tube blank 15 is heated, and the plasticity of the tube blank 15 is increased.
According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the second aspect of the present invention also provides a forming method for realizing necking thickening of a tube blank by using the forming device as described above, comprising the steps of:
s1: prefabricating a tube blank;
on the premise of meeting the manufacturing requirements, a pipe cutter is used for cutting a pipe blank with a certain length, the end face of the cut pipe blank is required to be perpendicular to a pipe shaft, the outer surface of the pipe blank is cleaned, the end opening is guaranteed to be flat and free of burrs, impurities are not arranged on the outer surface of the pipe blank, the burrs and the impurities are prevented from entering a cavity to damage a mold, the friction force between the pipe blank and the cavity is increased, and the pipe blank is not easy to shrink and thicken for forming;
s2: installation and calibration of the device;
firstly, mounting an upper bottom plate on a lower bottom plate, fixing a cooling device with the upper bottom plate, and connecting an outer mold with the upper bottom plate through a clamping groove;
fixing the mica sheets and the electrode plates on the side wall of the outer mold by using insulating nuts, and fixing the inner mold in the outer mold; the cooling device is closely contacted with the inner mold after the mold closing;
the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with one end of the ultrasonic transducer, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the tail end of the amplitude transformer, and the front end of the amplitude transformer is connected with the push heads on the first driving element and the second driving element;
connecting a clamping head on the lower bottom plate, and clamping and connecting the tube blank with the clamping head; adjusting the alignment of the shaft center hole of the cooling device and the shaft center hole of the inner die, adjusting the alignment of the shaft center of the tube blank and the shaft center of the inner die, and preventing the tube blank from bending due to shaft hole deviation during forming;
s3: preheating and cooling;
the cooling device is communicated with cooling liquid, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with plastic pipes, the cooling liquid flows in from the liquid inlet and flows out from the liquid outlet, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid needs to be properly controlled when the cooling liquid is communicated; the first lead and the second lead are connected to the electrode plate and the tube blank, a power supply is switched on, and high-frequency pulse current passes through a part to be processed of the tube blank to heat the part to be processed of the tube blank;
the tube blank is stretched into a proper length through a cooling device and then is fixed by a chuck; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are respectively pushed by a second driving element to slowly close the dies, so that necking forming of the tube blank is realized;
after the necking of the tube blank, the first driving element slowly pushes the upper bottom plate to feed to a preset displacement, and the thickening is completed;
s4: finishing the processing;
after finishing the machining, the power supply is cut off, the cooling liquid is cut off, the die assembly is separated, and the finally formed tube blank is taken out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
1. the forming method is simpler and more convenient, and the general pipe necking thickening forming process is that the pipe is subjected to a local heating upsetting procedure and then is necked in a heating necking die. Or the pipe is axially fed by using an integral die, the forming method of firstly radially necking and then thickening the necking part after the pipe and the die are hot extruded is realized, the die is high in cost and heavy, and the pipe necking period is long. The forming method adopted by the invention enables the necking and thickening forming process of the tube blank to be quicker and more convenient, and the forming process to be simpler;
2. the heating device adopts high-frequency electric pulse direct-current power supply for discharging and heating, so that the heating speed of the tube blank can be increased, electric pulse can generate electro-plastic, the mobility of atoms and dislocation in the material is improved, the plasticity and the formability are greatly improved, the deformation resistance is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the carbon emission is reduced, and the environment is improved;
3. the forming load in the necking and thickening process of the tube blank is reduced by adopting the auxiliary feeding of ultrasonic vibration, the stress condition in the tube blank forming process is greatly improved, the necking part of the tube blank is directly tapped after being thickened in the radial direction, a riveting threaded sleeve is replaced, the processing quality of the tube blank is improved, the connecting strength of an airplane pull rod is obviously increased, the weight of a component is reduced, the utilization rate of materials is improved, and the machining allowance is reduced. In addition, the processing stability and the surface roughness of the tube blank can be improved through the frequency of ultrasonic vibration;
4. the ultrasonic vibration is regular and uniform vibration, when the tube blank is slowly transited from the straight tube end to the cavity region, the region belongs to the sudden change region of the necking of the tube blank, and the tube blank is assisted by the forward thrust of the transverse hydraulic cylinder and the ultrasonic vibration, so that the tube blank can be effectively prevented from being unstable inwards due to transverse compressive stress, and the phenomenon that the tube blank sinks inwards is avoided;
5. the mold assembly is designed in a blocking mode, the mold assembly can be divided into a left outer mold half, a right outer mold half, a left inner mold half and a right inner mold half, the left outer mold half and the right outer mold half are universal outer molds, the left inner mold half and the right inner mold half are forming molds, different inner molds can be designed according to different shrinkage cavity thickening sizes, the size of the inner molds is small, machining is convenient, and compared with the whole mold, the mold assembly for machining a plurality of sets of molds with different sizes is lower in cost, and is quicker and more convenient.
6. The die assembly adopts a blocking design, has good visibility, and compared with the integral die tube blank which cannot be observed after entering, the blocking die can effectively observe the necking change of the tube blank in the necking process and clearly check whether the forming hole of the die is damaged or not;
7. the die assembly adopts a blocking design, so that the lubricating liquid is more uniformly distributed on the surface of a forming hole and the surface of a tube blank, the lubrication in the thickening process is facilitated, the problem that the lubricating liquid is hung in the tube blank feeding in the integral die is avoided, the impurity cleaning is more convenient and effective, and the surface quality of the thickened necking is improved;
8. the mold assembly adopts a blocking design, and because the processing cost of the inner mold is low, standardized and precise production can be realized, the processing cost is greatly reduced, the diversity of necking thickening is increased, the difficulty of necking thickening is reduced, and the surface quality of parts after necking thickening is improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A forming device for realizing necking thickening of a tube blank is characterized by comprising:
an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate; the upper part and the lower part are arranged in a stacked way;
a first drive element; the upper bottom plate is in transmission connection with the upper bottom plate and is used for driving the upper bottom plate to slide along the length direction of the lower bottom plate;
a mold assembly; a cavity for accommodating a part to be processed of the tube blank is arranged at the central position of the die assembly; symmetrically dividing the die assembly into a left die assembly and a right die assembly along the axis of the die assembly; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are arranged on the upper surface of the upper bottom plate at intervals;
a second drive element; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are in transmission connection and are used for driving the left die assembly and the right die assembly to move oppositely along the width direction of the upper bottom plate until the left die assembly and the right die assembly are in butt joint;
a chuck; the outer wall surface is arranged on the upper surface of the lower bottom plate and used for clamping the tube blank;
a cooling device; between the collet and the mold assembly; a tube blank through hole which can be communicated with the cavity is formed in the center of the cooling device, and when the left die assembly and the right die assembly are separated, the cooling device, the left die assembly and the right die assembly can form a U-shaped fence; when the left die assembly and the right die assembly are assembled, the centers of the tube blank through hole and the cavity are positioned on the same straight line; the side wall of the cooling device is in close contact with the side wall of a part of the mold assembly.
2. A forming apparatus for effecting necking thickening of a tube blank according to claim 1,
the number of the first driving elements is at least two, and the two first driving elements are respectively in transmission connection with the left die assembly and the right die assembly; the first driving element and the second driving element respectively comprise a hydraulic cylinder and a push head arranged on the hydraulic cylinder, and the push head on the second driving element is used for abutting against the left die assembly and the right die assembly; the push head on the first driving element is used for abutting against the upper bottom plate.
3. A forming apparatus for effecting necking thickening of a tube blank according to claim 2,
the molding device further includes:
an ultrasonic wave generating assembly; the first driving element and the second driving element are respectively arranged on the first driving element and the second driving element; and the mechanical power for converting the high-frequency alternating current power is transmitted to the part to be processed of the tube blank through the die assembly.
4. A forming apparatus for effecting necking thickening of a tube blank according to claim 3,
each first drive element, second drive element all set up an ultrasonic wave and take place the subassembly, ultrasonic wave takes place the subassembly and includes: the ultrasonic generator, the ultrasonic transducer and the amplitude transformer; the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with one end of the ultrasonic transducer, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the tail end of the amplitude transformer, and the front end of the amplitude transformer is connected with the push heads on the first driving element and the second driving element.
5. A forming apparatus for effecting tube blank necking thickening according to claim 1, wherein the forming apparatus further comprises:
a high-frequency pulse direct-current power supply heating device; for heating the portion of the tube blank to be machined.
6. A forming device for realizing necking and thickening of a tube blank according to claim 5, wherein the high-frequency pulse direct current power supply heating device comprises a power supply and a first lead electrically connected with the power supply, and the first lead is electrically connected with the tube blank to be processed in the cavity.
7. A forming apparatus for effecting necking thickening of a tube blank according to claim 6,
the die assembly comprises an outer die connected with the upper bottom plate clamping groove and an inner die installed in an installation groove of the outer die, and when the left die assembly and the right die assembly are assembled, the side wall of the cooling device is in close contact with the side wall of the inner die; the die cavity penetrates through the inner die, and a first wire hole communicated with the die cavity is formed in the bottom of the mounting groove;
the outer mold comprises a left outer half mold and a right outer half mold; the inner mold comprises a left inner mold half and a right inner mold half;
the left mold assembly comprises a left outer mold half and a left inner mold half mounted within the left outer mold half;
the right mold assembly includes a right outer mold half and a right inner mold half mounted within the right outer mold half.
8. A forming apparatus for effecting tube blank necking thickening according to claim 7, wherein the forming apparatus further comprises: a second lead, an electrode plate and a mica sheet; wherein one end of the second wire is electrically connected with the power supply; the other end of the second lead is electrically connected with the electrode plate, the electrode plate is installed on the side wall of the outer die, and the mica sheet is clamped between the electrode plate and the side wall of the outer die.
9. A forming apparatus for effecting tube blank necking thickening according to claim 8,
the electrode plate and the mica sheet are fixed on the side wall of the outer die through positioning bolts;
the lower base plate is cuboid, the upper base plate, the die assembly and the cooling devices are respectively arranged in two numbers and are respectively symmetrically arranged on the edge of the upper surface of the lower base plate, and the two chucks are respectively arranged between the two cooling devices at intervals.
10. A forming method for simultaneously realizing necking thickening of a tube blank by using a forming device according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: prefabricating a tube blank;
on the premise of meeting the manufacturing requirements, a pipe cutter is used for cutting a pipe blank with a certain length, the end face of the cut pipe blank is required to be perpendicular to a pipe shaft, the outer surface of the pipe blank is cleaned, the end face is guaranteed to be flat and free of burrs, and the outer surface of the pipe blank is free of impurities;
s2: installation and calibration of the device;
firstly, mounting an upper bottom plate on a lower bottom plate, fixing a cooling device with the upper bottom plate, and connecting an outer mold with the upper bottom plate through a clamping groove;
fixing the mica sheets and the electrode plates on the side wall of the outer mold by using insulating nuts, and fixing the inner mold in the outer mold; the cooling device is tightly contacted with the inner mold after mold assembly;
the ultrasonic generator is electrically connected with one end of the ultrasonic transducer, the other end of the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the tail end of the amplitude transformer, and the front end of the amplitude transformer is connected with the pushing heads on the first driving element and the second driving element;
connecting a chuck to the lower bottom plate, and clamping and connecting the tube blank with the chuck; adjusting the alignment of the shaft center hole of the cooling device and the shaft center hole of the inner die, adjusting the alignment of the shaft center of the tube blank and the shaft center of the inner die, and preventing the tube blank from bending due to shaft hole deviation during forming;
s3: preheating and cooling;
the cooling device is communicated with cooling liquid, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with plastic pipes, the cooling liquid flows in from the liquid inlet and flows out from the liquid outlet, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid needs to be properly controlled when the cooling liquid is communicated; the first lead and the second lead are connected to the electrode plate and the tube blank, a power supply is switched on, and high-frequency pulse current passes through a part to be processed of the tube blank to heat the part to be processed of the tube blank;
the tube blank passes through a cooling device, extends into a proper length and is fixed by a chuck; the left die assembly and the right die assembly are respectively pushed by a second driving element to slowly close the dies, so that necking forming of the tube blank is realized;
after the necking of the tube blank, the first driving element slowly pushes the upper bottom plate to feed to a preset displacement, and the thickening is completed.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010050329.4A CN111167956A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | Method and device for realizing forming of necking and thickening of tube blank |
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| CN202010050329.4A CN111167956A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | Method and device for realizing forming of necking and thickening of tube blank |
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| CN202010050329.4A Pending CN111167956A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | Method and device for realizing forming of necking and thickening of tube blank |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112893665A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-04 | 南昌航空大学 | Electric pulse assisted pipe necking thickening forming device and method |
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Application publication date: 20200519 |