CN111167846B - Soil leaching restoration and reduction system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Soil leaching restoration and reduction system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111167846B CN111167846B CN202010062013.7A CN202010062013A CN111167846B CN 111167846 B CN111167846 B CN 111167846B CN 202010062013 A CN202010062013 A CN 202010062013A CN 111167846 B CN111167846 B CN 111167846B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil leaching restoration decrement system and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil restoration, and comprising a feeding primary classification unit, a high-pressure jet flow separation unit, a secondary classification unit, a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, a filter pressing unit, a sewage treatment unit, a dust tail gas treatment unit and an instrument electrical control unit which are sequentially connected. The system greatly reduces the grading quantity and the equipment quantity, and aims at soil treatment of small polluted sites, the whole system can adopt container equipment or skid-mounted equipment which is integrated into a module and convenient to move, so that the construction cost and the construction period on the site can be greatly reduced, and the repair efficiency is improved. The system has the advantages of simple and ingenious structure, simple and convenient operation, low equipment investment cost, small occupied area, wide application range, good effect and wider application prospect, and is particularly suitable for repairing projects of small polluted sites, and multiple devices can be operated in parallel to be suitable for treating medium and large sites.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a soil leaching remediation and reduction system and a construction method thereof.
Background
The soil leaching technology is an important repairing technology in soil remediation. The soil washing can remove the pollutants adsorbed on the surface and in the soil particles.
In the field of soil remediation, soil particle size is typically classified as follows: the particle size of the boulder is more than 256 mm; medium gravel particle size: 64-256 mm; particle size of the gravel: 2-64 mm; sand: 1/16-2 mm; particle size of silt: 1/516-1/16 mm; the clay particle size is as follows: less than 1/512 mm.
Soil washing belongs to the in-situ ex-situ remediation technology, which utilizes clean water (usually with some chemicals added) or solvents to remove contaminants from the dredged soil. The clear water plays two main roles in the leaching process: 1. separating coarse particles from fine particles in the soil; 2. removing contaminants from the surface of the soil particles.
The U.S. environmental protection agency (1989 a) reports the removal rate of pollutants by using a 4-soil washing system to wash coarse-grained soil, wherein the removal rate of mineralized oil reaches 98%, the removal rate of cyanide reaches 94%, the removal rate of cadmium reaches 92%, the removal rate of aromatic hydrocarbon reaches 81% -99.8%, the removal rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reaches 95%, the removal rate of crude oil reaches 97%, the removal rate of hydrocarbons reaches 96%, and the removal rates of chlorinated hydrocarbon and phenol reach 100%.
Exner (1995) proposed that soil leaching could remove 90% -99% of volatile substances, 80% -95% of semi-volatile substances, and 50% -90% of metallic substances from coarse particles.
The soil fine particles have a large pore specific surface area and tend to adsorb pollutants, so that the soil fine particles are difficult to clean, especially when the organic pollutants are leached by clean water rather than non-aqueous solvents.
Andsen (1993) suggests that soil particles having a particle size of less than 63 μm tend to adhere loosely to coarser particles, and that separation of gravel, sand and fine particles can be achieved by breaking the physical adsorption between the particles using a mill or the like when water is the eluent. The contaminants are now mainly present in the fine particles. Separating out the cleaned coarse particles can reduce the volume of soil that must be subsequently further treated or disposed of.
Based on the basic principle of the soil leaching technology, the soil leaching technology is suitable for sandy soil with 50% of particle size larger than 63 microns and organic matter mass fraction lower than 20% in general. High clay and silt are not suitable for adopting a soil leaching technology.
At present, the soil leaching technology is deeply researched and applied in China.
Chinese patent document CN104475441A discloses a soil leaching remediation system based on a reduced concentration design concept and a method thereof, wherein the leaching remediation system comprises four module units connected in sequence: a feeding screening unit, a mine washing unit, a sludge dewatering unit and a tail end sewage treatment and recycling unit. The pollutants on the surfaces of the coarse particles are eluted and transferred to the mud cakes after filter pressing through leaching, so that the effective separation of the polluted fine particles from the coarse particles such as gravels and gravels in the polluted soil can be realized.
Chinese patent document CN110014033A discloses a multistage remediation system and a remediation method for metal contaminated soil, which can improve the sufficiency of soil remediation by eluting and remediating the soil in a container through a multistage elution remediation device, and compared with a leaching system, can greatly reduce the loss and waste of remediation agent solution and improve the utilization rate of the remediation agent solution.
Chinese patent document CN110340124A discloses a contaminated soil remediation and treatment system, which is characterized in that contaminated soil is treated by a physical method of vibration screening to be smashed into pieces, so that subsequent leaching is ensured to be sufficient, and a roller leaching machine applies a leaching solution to the contaminated soil to make the contaminated soil roll and mix with the contaminated soil, compared with the existing permeation mode, the contaminated soil remediation and treatment system not only has sufficient interaction with contaminants therein, but also has high efficiency; transferring the pollutants into the leacheate through the leacheate, extracting liquid containing the pollutants from a soil medium, performing solid-liquid separation so as to perform cyclone separation on heavier sandy soil or heavy metals and the like in the sewage, mixing the soil without the heavy pollutants, performing flocculation and sand setting to obtain sludge, and performing dehydration, drying and stabilization treatment on the sludge to obtain the stabilized soil.
Patents CN104475441A and CN110340124A are both based on the concept of reduced concentration, wherein a complete plant has been developed based on CN104475441A and has been successfully applied in several large-scale repair projects in China. However, the two patents are mainly applied to in-situ ex-situ leaching treatment of medium and large polluted sites, have the characteristics of long process route, multiple grading stages, complex equipment structure and the like, and have lower cost performance when aiming at treatment projects of some small polluted sites; patent CN110340124A has proposed to adopt tertiary elution device to improve leaching efficiency based on improving soil restoration's sufficiency degree, practices thrift the quantity of drip washing medicament, but does not relate to the decrement of sandy soil, can lead to when the actual application that the restoration volume is big, problem such as restoration cost height.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil leaching restoration decrement system and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, soil restoration is only applied to in-situ ex-situ leaching treatment of medium and large polluted sites, the process route is long, the number of grading stages is large, the equipment structure is complex, and the cost performance is low when aiming at some small polluted site treatment projects; the three-stage elution device is adopted to improve the elution efficiency and save the dosage of elution agents, but the reduction of sandy soil is not involved, and the technical problems of large restoration amount and high restoration cost exist in the actual application.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a soil leaching restoration decrement system, which comprises a feeding primary grading unit, a high-pressure jet flow separation unit, a secondary grading unit, a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, a filter pressing unit, a sewage treatment unit, a dust tail gas treatment unit and an instrument electrical control unit which are sequentially connected, wherein the feeding primary grading unit comprises a bin, a slurry tank arranged at the lower part of the bin and a slurry stirrer arranged in the slurry tank, a discharge hole at the upper part of the slurry tank is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the slurry tank, the high-pressure jet flow separation unit comprises high-pressure jet flow separation equipment, a high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet of the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment is communicated with the discharge hole at the upper part of the slurry tank, the sewage treatment unit comprises sewage treatment reaction equipment, sludge dewatering equipment and a circulating water tank which are respectively connected with the sewage treatment reaction equipment, and a first water outlet of the circulating water tank is communicated with a discharge hole at the lower part of the mud tank on the lower part of the side wall of the mud tank, and a second water outlet of the circulating water tank is communicated with a high-pressure water inlet at the bottom of the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment.
Preferably, the high-pressure jet separation equipment is of a hollow tubular structure, and sequentially comprises a high-pressure fluid injection section, a negative pressure suction section, a high-speed mixing section and a high-speed turbulence separation section from the front end to the rear end, wherein the front end of the high-pressure fluid injection section is provided with a high-pressure water inlet, the rear end of the high-speed turbulence separation section is provided with a high-pressure jet separation discharge hole, the high-pressure jet separation feed hole is formed in a node of the negative pressure suction section of the high-pressure fluid injection section, the pipe diameters of the high-pressure fluid injection section and the negative pressure suction section are the same, and the pipe diameter of the high-speed mixing section is smaller than the pipe diameters of the negative pressure suction section and the high-speed turbulence separation section.
Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the high-speed mixing section is 50% -90% smaller than that of the negative pressure suction section.
Preferably, the included angle between the high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet and the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment is 30-90 degrees.
Preferably, the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment is obliquely arranged, and the included angle between the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment and the ground is 30-45 degrees.
Preferably, the sewage treatment reaction discharge port at the bottom of the sewage treatment reaction device is communicated with the sludge dewatering feed port at the top of the sludge dewatering device, the sludge dewatering discharge port for discharging fine particles is arranged at the bottom of the sludge dewatering device, and the circulating water tank is communicated with the sewage treatment water outlet at the upper part of the side wall of the sewage treatment reaction device.
Preferably, the secondary classification unit comprises secondary classification equipment, a secondary classification feed inlet of the secondary classification equipment is communicated with a high-pressure jet flow separation discharge outlet of the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment, a secondary classification upper discharge outlet and a secondary classification lower discharge outlet are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the secondary classification equipment, the secondary classification upper discharge outlet is communicated with the sewage treatment unit, and the secondary classification lower discharge outlet is communicated with the slurry sedimentation concentration unit.
Preferably, the mud sedimentation concentration unit comprises a mud sedimentation concentration device, a mud sedimentation concentration feed inlet at the top of the mud sedimentation concentration device is communicated with a discharge outlet at the lower part of the secondary grading, a mud sedimentation discharge outlet and a mud sedimentation supernatant water outlet are respectively arranged at the bottom and the upper part of the side wall of the mud sedimentation concentration device, and the mud sedimentation supernatant water outlet is communicated with the sewage treatment unit.
Preferably, the filter pressing unit comprises a filter press, a filter press cake discharge port for discharging coarse particles is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the filter press, a filter press filtrate discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the filter press, and the filter press filtrate discharge port is communicated with the sewage treatment reaction equipment.
In addition, the invention also provides a construction method of the soil leaching restoration and reduction system, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying polluted soil to a temporary storage area, adding soil to be repaired into a storage bin, simultaneously adding clean water, screening large gravels, starting a slurry stirrer, making the added materials into slurry in a slurry tank, then making the slurry into high-pressure jet flow separation equipment through a discharge hole in the upper part of the slurry tank, and directly discharging the gravels from the bottom of the slurry tank;
step two, in the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment, coarse particles and fine particles in the slurry are separated, pollutants on the surface of soil particles are removed, and the soil particles are discharged from a high-pressure jet flow separation discharge hole and enter a secondary classification unit;
step three, in the secondary grading unit, further separating coarse particles, fine particles and pollutants, enabling the coarse particles to enter a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, and enabling the fine particles and the pollutants to directly enter a sewage treatment unit;
step four, in the slurry sedimentation concentration unit, further separating coarse particles, fine particles and water, enabling the concentrated coarse particles to enter a filter pressing unit, and enabling the fine particles and the water to directly enter a sewage treatment unit;
step five, after solid-liquid separation is realized in the filter pressing unit, coarse particles are discharged from a filter cake discharge hole of the filter press, and fine particles and filtrate enter a sewage treatment unit;
and step six, in the sewage treatment unit, separating fine particles from filtrate, discharging the fine particles from a sewage treatment reaction discharge hole, and circulating part of the treated filtrate to the feeding primary classification unit and circulating part of the treated filtrate to the high-pressure jet separation unit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) the soil leaching restoration decrement system is mainly suitable for leaching and restoring the soil containing various pollutants in a small polluted site, and is particularly suitable for leaching and restoring the polluted soil with high coarse particle content.
(2) The soil leaching restoration decrement system mainly comprises a feeding primary grading unit, a high-pressure jet flow separation unit, a secondary grading unit, a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, a filter pressing unit and a sewage treatment unit, wherein in the high-pressure jet flow separation unit, high-pressure water/high-pressure air enters a high-pressure fluid injection section and drives slurry to sequentially enter a negative pressure suction section, a high-speed mixing section and a high-speed turbulence separation section, and negative pressure is generated due to the fact that the cross sections of fluid channels at the nodes of the negative pressure suction section and the high-speed mixing section are sharply reduced. When fluid enters the high-speed turbulence separation section from the high-speed mixing section, the fluid channel is suddenly enlarged, the fluid speed is obviously reduced, the Reynolds coefficient is increased, an obvious turbulence state appears, the hydraulic shearing force and the friction force are obviously increased, coarse particles and fine particles in soil are separated, and pollutants are removed from the surface of the soil particles.
(3) According to the soil leaching restoration decrement system, part of water treated by the sewage treatment unit is circulated to the feeding primary grading unit for pulping and cleaning, part of the water is circulated to the high-pressure jet separation unit to be used as high-pressure water, and the part of the water which is not recycled is discharged after reaching the standard. Thus, the water circulation of the whole system is realized, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
(4) The soil leaching restoration decrement system greatly reduces the grading number and the equipment number, and aiming at the soil treatment of small polluted sites, the whole system can adopt modularized container equipment or skid-mounted equipment which is convenient to move, so that the construction cost and the construction period on the site can be greatly reduced, and the restoration efficiency is improved.
(5) The soil leaching restoration decrement system has the advantages of simple and ingenious structure, simple and convenient operation, low equipment investment cost and small occupied area, is particularly suitable for restoration projects of small polluted sites, can be operated in parallel by a plurality of equipment, is suitable for treatment of medium and large sites, and has wide application range, good effect and wider application prospect.
(6) The soil leaching restoration and reduction system provided by the invention is used for restoring and reducing the polluted soil, the restoration amount of the polluted soil can be reduced by more than 50%, the maximum restoration amount can reach about 80%, the overall restoration cost can be reduced by about 30-60%, and the soil leaching restoration and reduction system has a wider application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil leaching remediation and reduction system (a dust tail gas treatment unit and an instrument electrical control unit are omitted).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high pressure jet separation device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the container type soil leaching, repairing and reducing system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the skid-mounted soil leaching remediation and reduction system.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed station type soil leaching remediation and reduction system.
The attached drawings are marked as follows: 1-material bin, 2-mud tank, 3-mud stirrer, 4-high pressure jet flow separation equipment, 41-high pressure fluid injection section, 42-negative pressure suction section, 43-high speed mixing section, 44-high speed turbulence separation section, 5-high pressure jet flow separation feed inlet, 6-mud tank upper discharge outlet, 7-secondary classification equipment, 8-secondary classification feed inlet, 9-high pressure jet flow separation discharge outlet, 10-secondary classification upper discharge outlet, 11-secondary classification lower discharge outlet, 12-mud settling concentration equipment, 13-mud settling supernatant water outlet, 14-mud settling discharge outlet, 15-filter press, 16-filter press filter cake discharge outlet, 17-filter press filtrate discharge outlet, 18-sewage treatment reaction equipment, 19-sludge dewatering equipment, 20-a circulating water tank, 21-a slurry settling and concentrating feed inlet, 22-a sludge dewatering feed inlet, 23-a sewage treatment reaction discharge outlet, 24-a sewage treatment water outlet, 25-a first water outlet of the circulating water tank, 26-a discharge outlet at the lower part of a slurry tank, 27-a second water outlet of the circulating water tank, 28-a high-pressure water inlet, 29-a sludge dewatering discharge outlet, 30-an electric control cabinet, 31-a container, 32-a steel canopy, 33-a concrete foundation and 34-a skid-mounted steel foundation.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, innovative features, objectives and functions realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below.
The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The present invention refers to particles of 1/16mm or more as coarse particles and particles of 1/16mm or less as fine particles.
The small-sized polluted site in the invention generally means that the total treatment capacity of the polluted soil is not more than 1000m3The contaminated site. The pollutant types of the polluted site comprise heavy metal pollutants such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc, metalloid pollutants such as arsenic, petroleum pollutants such as alkanes, alkenes, benzene series, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lipids and the like of C15-C36, persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, poly-heterocyclic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl, polychlorinated diphenyl dioxin, polychlorinated diphenyl furan, pesticide residues and metabolites thereof and the like.
Based on the basic principle of the soil leaching technology, in general, sandy soil with the grain size of 50 percent more than 63 mu m and the organic matter mass fraction less than 20 percent is suitable for adopting the soil leaching reduction technology. High clay and silt are not suitable for the soil leaching reduction technology of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the soil leaching restoration and reduction system comprises a feeding primary classification unit, a high-pressure jet flow separation unit, a secondary classification unit, a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, a filter pressing unit, a sewage treatment unit, a dust tail gas treatment unit and an instrument electric control unit which are sequentially connected.
The first grading unit of feeding includes feed bin 1, sets up mud tank 2 and the mud mixer 3 of setting in mud tank 2 in the 1 lower part of feed bin, 2 lateral wall upper portions of mud tank are equipped with mud tank upper portion discharge gate 6, high-pressure jet splitter includes high-pressure jet splitter 4, high-pressure jet splitter 4's high-pressure jet separation feed inlet 5 and mud tank upper portion discharge gate 6 intercommunication, sewage treatment unit includes sewage treatment response device 18, the sludge dewatering equipment 19 and the circulating water groove 20 of being connected with sewage treatment response device 18 respectively, circulating water groove 20's the first delivery port 25 of circulating water groove and the mud tank lower part discharge gate 26 intercommunication of 2 lateral wall lower parts of mud tank, circulating water groove 20's circulating water groove second delivery port 27 and the high pressure water inlet 28 intercommunication of 4 bottoms of high-pressure jet splitter.
The feeding primary grading unit is positioned at the foremost end of the soil leaching restoration decrement system and is mainly used for feeding, pulping and primary grading of the system. The feeding primary classification unit comprises a storage bin 1, a mud tank 2 arranged at the lower part of the storage bin 1 and a mud stirrer 3 arranged in the mud tank 2, wherein a discharge hole 6 at the upper part of the side wall of the mud tank 2 is provided with a discharge hole at the upper part of the mud tank, and a discharge hole 26 at the lower part of the side wall of the mud tank 2 is provided with a discharge hole at the lower part of the mud tank. The material bin 1 is used for feeding materials to a system, the material of the material bin 1 is generally selected from common carbon steel such as Q235-A, high-quality carbon steel, high-grade high-quality steel and the like, and Q235-A type common carbon steel is preferably selected; other types of carbon steel may be selected for some specific contaminants and soil types. And a screen with the aperture of 100mm is arranged at a feeding port at the top of the storage bin 1 and is used for preventing large stones from entering the leaching, repairing and reducing system. The screen can be selected to have a pore diameter of 10-300 mm according to the grading condition of the particle size of the soil, and preferably 50-150 mm; the sieve mesh can select round hole, square hole, triangle-shaped hole, pentagonal hole, hexagonal hole, oval-shaped hole or other polygonal regular holes or irregular holes, also can select structures such as slot, billet, grid, net width between slot width, the billet, the grid is interior wide generally to select between 10 ~ 300 mm. The material of the screen can be carbon steel, stainless steel or other alloy steel. The upper part in the storage bin 1 is also provided with a high-pressure spray device which is mainly used for washing the primarily separated gravels, including washing pollutants and fine particulate matters on the surfaces of the gravels. And backfilling the washed gravel in situ after the washed gravel is detected to be qualified. In some occasions, the side wall of the storage bin 1 is provided with an arch breaking motor and a flat vibrator to prevent blanking blockage.
The mud tank 2 is mainly used for pulping the primarily screened polluted soil, the water-soil ratio during pulping is determined according to the pollutant property, the pollutant concentration, the soil property and the pollutant removal degree, and the water-soil ratio is generally 1-10, preferably 5-10. The slurry mixer 3 is used to suspend particles larger than 2mm in the slurry. During the continuous stirring process of the slurry stirrer 3, the particulate matter in the contaminated soil is gradually cleaned, the contaminants on the particle surface are gradually transferred to the liquid phase, and the fine particles attached to the coarse particle surface are gradually separated under the action of soaking and water force. If proper stirring speed is set and the flow state in the mud tank 2 is maintained, particles and mud with the diameter less than 2mm are always in a suspension state and enter a subsequent high-pressure jet flow separation unit through a discharge hole 6 at the upper part of the mud tank. The particles larger than 2mm are gradually settled on the lower part of the mud tank 2, discharged from the mud tank 2 through a discharge hole 26 on the lower part of the mud tank, and further cleaned by clear water to reach the landfill standard. If the amount of gravel to be treated is small, manual cleaning can be adopted, and on-site backfilling is carried out after the cleaning reaches the standard; if the amount of gravel to be treated is large, the gravel cleaning machine or other cleaning machines can be used for cleaning the gravel, and the gravel is backfilled on site after the gravel is cleaned to reach the standard.
The submerged part of the slurry stirrer 3 is generally made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and other materials; if the carbon steel material is adopted, the corrosion prevention mode is determined according to the properties of pollutants and added chemical agents, and common carbon steel corrosion prevention, common carbon steel reinforced corrosion prevention and the like are generally adopted. The form of the slurry mixer 3 may be selected from an axial flow mixer, a radial flow mixer, and a mixed flow mixer, and preferably from an axial flow mixer and a mixed flow mixer, depending on the fluid flow pattern. The slurry mixer 3 may be selected from a paddle mixer, a propeller mixer, a turbine mixer, and a gate mixer, and preferably may be selected from a turbine mixer, according to the type of blade.
The discharge port 6 at the upper part of the mud tank is used for feeding the slurry containing particles with the particle size less than 2mm in the mud tank 2 into the high-pressure jet flow separation unit, and the discharge port 6 at the upper part of the mud tank is communicated with the high-pressure jet flow separation feed port 5. The discharge port 26 at the lower part of the mud tank is used for discharging the cleaned coarse particles. The material of the mud tank 2 is carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, PE, PVC material and the like generally; if the carbon steel material is adopted, the corrosion prevention mode is determined according to the properties of pollutants and added chemical agents, and common carbon steel corrosion prevention, common carbon steel reinforced corrosion prevention or common carbon steel lining glass fiber reinforced plastics and the like are generally adopted. The mud tank 2 is generally a vertical round storage tank, a vertical square storage tank, a horizontal round storage tank, a horizontal square storage tank and the like; if the size of the mud tank 2 is larger, a support/bracket, a manhole, a ladder stand, an overhaul platform and the like are required to be matched. The effective volume of the mud pot 2 is generally determined according to the soil amount treated in unit time, the determined water-soil ratio and the stirring time, wherein the stirring time is generally selected from 5min to 360min, and preferably from 15min to 60 min.
The high pressure jet separation unit serves two purposes: 1. separating coarse particles from fine particles in the soil; 2. removing contaminants from the surface of the soil particles. The high-pressure jet separation equipment 4 is of a hollow tubular structure and sequentially comprises a high-pressure fluid injection section 41, a negative pressure suction section 42, a high-speed mixing section 43 and a high-speed turbulence separation section 44 from the front end to the rear end, wherein the front end of the high-pressure fluid injection section 41 is provided with a high-pressure water inlet 28, the rear end of the high-speed turbulence separation section 44 is provided with a high-pressure jet separation discharge hole 9, a high-pressure jet separation feed hole 5 is formed in the negative pressure suction section 42 node of the high-pressure fluid injection section 41, the pipe diameters of the high-pressure fluid injection section 41 and the negative pressure suction section 42 are the same, and the pipe diameter of the high-speed mixing section 43 is smaller than the pipe diameters of the negative pressure suction section 42 and the high-speed turbulence separation section 44. The cross-sectional area of the high-speed mixing section 43 is 50-90% smaller than that of the negative pressure suction section 42. The included angle between the high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet 5 and the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment 4 is 30-90 degrees. The high-pressure jet flow separation equipment 4 is obliquely arranged, and the included angle between the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment 4 and the ground is 30-45 degrees. The slurry enters the negative pressure suction section 42, and the high pressure water entering the high pressure jet separation device 4 from the high pressure water inlet 28 drives the slurry into the high velocity mixing section 43 and then into the high velocity turbulent flow separation section 44.
The high-pressure fluid injection section 41 is positioned at the front end of the high-pressure jet flow separation device 4 and is used for injecting high-pressure water/high-pressure air, and the inlet of the high-pressure fluid injection section 41 is connected with the discharge hole 26 at the lower part of the mud tank. In the high-pressure fluid injection section 41, the sectional area of the equipment is not changed, the fluid velocity and the fluid pressure are basically constant, the fluid velocity is generally kept in high-pressure water of 1-3 m/s or high-pressure air of 5-15 m/s, and the fluid pressure is generally kept between 0.5MPa and 1.5 MPa.
The negative pressure suction section 42 is located after the high pressure fluid injection section 41. At the junction of the suction section 42 and the high-speed mixing section 43, the flow passage cross section sharply decreases to 6-12% of the suction section 42, thus generating negative pressure. The high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet 5 is connected with the negative pressure suction section 42, and the connection angle is 30-90 degrees. The negative pressure value generated at the negative pressure suction section 42 is related to the diameter-changing coefficient, the diameter-changing angle, the fluid speed and the fluid property.
The high-speed turbulence separation section 44 is located after the high-speed mixing section 43 and is connected with the high-pressure jet separation discharge port 9. At the junction of the high-speed turbulence separation section 44 and the high-speed mixing section 43, the fluid channel suddenly expands, the fluid velocity is significantly reduced, the reynolds coefficient is increased, an obvious turbulence state occurs, and the hydraulic shear force and the friction force are significantly increased. The hydraulic retention time of the high-speed turbulent flow separation section 44 is generally selected to be 1-10 min, preferably 2-3 min. The high-speed turbulence separation section 44 mainly provides a generating space for high-speed collision and shearing of high-pressure air or high-pressure water flow and mud and turbulent washing, and two functions are generated in the high-speed turbulence separation section 44: 1. separating coarse particles from fine particles in the soil; 2. contaminants are removed from the surface of the soil particles. The action mechanism is as follows: high-pressure air or high-pressure water flow provided by an air compressor or a high-pressure water pump meets slurry sucked by the high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet 5 at the negative pressure suction section 42, the high-speed mixing section 43 enters the high-speed turbulence separation section 44 at a high speed after mixing is completed, a fluid channel is suddenly expanded to quickly diffuse the water flow, local turbulence is generated around, and the water flow continuously collides with the pipe wall and then generates larger turbulence. During the process, soil particles and washing water are frictionally stirred under the action of water power or air, so that pollutants are rapidly desorbed from soil particles with larger particle sizes and enter a liquid phase, and meanwhile, fine particles attached to the coarse particles are rapidly stripped from the surfaces of the coarse particles, and the coarse particles are completely separated from the fine particles.
The high-pressure jet flow separation equipment 4 is generally made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel and other materials; if the carbon steel material is adopted, the corrosion prevention mode is determined according to the properties of pollutants and added chemical agents, and common carbon steel corrosion prevention, common carbon steel reinforced corrosion prevention and the like are generally adopted. The interior of the wear-resistant material needs to be designed to be wear-resistant, and inorganic wear-resistant materials such as lining high-strength alloy, wear-resistant ceramic alumina ceramics, corundum ceramics and the like and high-strength organic polymer wear-resistant materials such as UPE and the like are generally selected.
The slurry separated from the high pressure jet separation device 4 enters the secondary classification unit tangentially. The secondary classification unit comprises a secondary classification device 7, a secondary classification feed inlet 8 of the secondary classification device 7 is communicated with a high-pressure jet flow separation discharge outlet 9 of the high-pressure jet flow separation device 4, a secondary classification upper discharge outlet 10 and a secondary classification lower discharge outlet 11 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the secondary classification device 7, the secondary classification upper discharge outlet 10 is communicated with the sewage treatment unit, and the secondary classification lower discharge outlet 11 is communicated with the mud sedimentation concentration unit.
The secondary classification device 7 is of a cyclone or hydrocyclone construction. After the slurry enters the secondary grading equipment 7 in a tangent way, coarse particles are discharged from a lower discharge hole 11 of the secondary grading and enter a slurry settling and concentrating unit under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, and the particle size of the coarse particles is about 0.075 mm-2.0 mm. The fine particles are discharged from the secondary classification top discharge port 10 and enter the sewage treatment unit, and the particle size of the fine particles is about below 0.075 mm. The classification efficiency of the secondary classification device 7 is mainly determined by the pulp properties, the feeding speed, the device parameters and other factors.
The secondary grading equipment 7 is generally made of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, PE, PVC materials and the like; if the carbon steel material is adopted, the corrosion prevention mode is determined according to the properties of pollutants and added chemical agents, and common carbon steel corrosion prevention, common carbon steel reinforced corrosion prevention or common carbon steel lining glass fiber reinforced plastics and the like are generally adopted. The structure of the secondary classifying device 7 is generally cylindrical at the upper part and conical at the lower part; the effective volume of the secondary classification device 7 is related to the required classification efficiency, fluid properties, device configuration and operating conditions. In some cases, if the efficiency of one-time classification of the secondary classification unit is not ideal, two-time classification or multiple-time classification three times or more can be adopted.
The mud sedimentation concentration unit is used for carrying out solid-liquid separation and concentration on the coarse particles with the particle size of 0.075 mm-2.0 mm separated by the secondary classification unit. The mud sedimentation concentration unit comprises a mud sedimentation concentration device 12, a mud sedimentation concentration feed inlet 21 at the top of the mud sedimentation concentration device 12 is communicated with a secondary grading lower discharge outlet 11, a mud sedimentation discharge outlet 14 and a mud sedimentation supernatant water outlet 13 are respectively arranged at the bottom and the upper part of the side wall of the mud sedimentation concentration device 12, and the mud sedimentation supernatant water outlet 13 is communicated with the sewage treatment unit.
The slurry settling and concentrating device 12 generally adopts an inclined plate/inclined tube sedimentation tank, a sludge concentration tank, a high-density tank and the like, and can adopt an air flotation tank or a floating and settling tank to carry out solid-liquid separation and sludge concentration in some occasions when the pollutants are light substances such as crude oil and the like. Within the mud sedimentation thickening apparatus 12, coarse particles, fine particles and water are further separated by gravity. The coarse particles are further concentrated in a mud bucket of the mud settling and concentrating device 12, and the concentrated coarse particles enter a filter pressing unit for further solid-liquid separation through a mud settling and discharging port 14 in the form of mud. The fine particles and water in the form of supernatant enter the sewage treatment unit for further treatment through a mud sedimentation supernatant water outlet 13.
The main parameter of the slurry settling concentration equipment 12 is the solid load of the sludge, and generally 50 kg/(m) is preferably adopted2.h)～5000kg/(m2H), preferably 500 kg/(m) is preferably used2.h)～1000kg/(m2H) in between; the water content of the concentrated coarse particles is between 70 and 90 percent, and the water content is preferably between 75 and 85 percent.
The filter pressing unit is mainly used for further carrying out solid-liquid separation on coarse particles concentrated by the mud sedimentation concentration unit. The filter pressing unit comprises a filter press 15, a filter press filter cake discharge port 16 for discharging coarse particles is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the filter press 15, a filter press filtrate discharge port 17 is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the filter press 15, and the filter press filtrate discharge port 17 is communicated with a sewage treatment reaction device 18.
The filter press 15 may be selected from a screw press dehydrator, a plate-and-frame filter press, a belt filter press, a horizontal screw centrifugal dehydrator, a stacked-screw sludge dehydrator, a belt filter press, and the like. In the treatment of small polluted fields, the invention preferentially selects a spiral squeezing dehydrator and a stacked spiral sludge dehydrator. After further solid-liquid separation by the filter press 15, the water content of the filter cake is generally 30% to 70%, preferably 40% to 60%. The particle size range of the filter cake is generally between 0.075mm and 2.0 mm. The filter cake enters a field to be detected through a filter cake discharge port of the filter press, and can be backfilled on site after being detected to be qualified; and if the detection is not qualified, the bin of the feeding primary classification unit needs to be put again for leaching again until the standard is reached.
The sewage treatment unit is mainly used for treating part of cleaning wastewater, fine particles and filter liquor of a filter press generated in the soil leaching restoration and reduction system of the small polluted site, the specific treatment process is determined according to the property of pollutants, the concentration of the pollutants and the treatment standard of the pollutants, mud cakes generated by the sewage treatment unit are mainly subjected to subsequent treatment and disposal of redox, high-temperature pyrolysis, wet detoxification, cement kiln incineration, safe landfill and the like by using the fine particles with the particle size of below 0.075mm, and water treated by the sewage treatment unit is recycled or discharged after reaching the standard.
The sewage treatment reaction discharge port 23 at the bottom of the sewage treatment reaction device 18 is communicated with the sludge dewatering feed port 22 at the top of the sludge dewatering device 19, the sludge dewatering discharge port 29 for discharging fine particles is arranged at the bottom of the sludge dewatering device 19, and the circulating water tank 20 is communicated with the sewage treatment water outlet 24 at the upper part of the side wall of the sewage treatment reaction device 18. The first water outlet 25 of the circulating water tank 20 is communicated with the lower discharge port 26 of the mud tank at the lower part of the side wall of the mud tank 2, and the second water outlet 27 of the circulating water tank 20 is communicated with the high-pressure water inlet 28 at the bottom of the high-pressure jet flow separation device 4. A high-pressure water pump is arranged on a pipeline between the first water outlet 25 of the circulating water tank and the discharge hole 26 at the lower part of the mud tank, and an air compressor can be used for replacing the high-pressure water pump in some occasions, such as occasions that soil pollutants are crude oil. The air compressor or the high-pressure water pump is mainly used for providing high-pressure air or high-pressure water flow required by high-pressure jet, and the pressure of the high-pressure air or the high-pressure water flow is generally between 0.1MPa and 2.0MPa, preferably between 0.5MPa and 1.5 MPa. The flow rate of the air compressor/the flow rate of the high-pressure water pump is determined according to the amount of the polluted soil treated in unit time, the water-soil ratio of the slurry entering the high-pressure jet separation unit and other factors. A circulating water pump is arranged on a pipeline between the second water outlet 27 of the circulating water tank and the high-pressure water inlet 28.
The dust tail gas treatment unit is mainly used for collecting, treating and discharging dust tail gas generated in the processes of soil excavation, transportation, feeding and restoration treatment. The treatment process and equipment of the dust tail gas treatment unit are determined according to the pollutant properties, the pollutant concentration and the treatment standard of the pollutants.
The instrument electrical control unit is mainly used for electrical control, parameter detection and automatic operation of all equipment in the soil washing, repairing and reducing system of the small-sized polluted site.
The construction method of the soil leaching restoration decrement system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, transporting polluted soil to a temporary storage area, adding soil to be repaired into a storage bin 1, adding clean water, after large gravels with the particle size of more than 100mm are screened out by a screen in the storage bin 1, starting a slurry stirrer 3, making the added materials into slurry in a slurry tank 2, controlling the slurry particles of suspension to be below 2mm by controlling the rotating speed of the slurry stirrer 3, enabling the slurry containing the particles smaller than 2mm to enter a high-pressure jet separation device 4 through a discharge port 6 at the upper part of the slurry tank, directly discharging the gravels with the particle size of more than 2mm from the bottom of the slurry tank 2, carrying out detection after cleaning, backfilling on the site after the detection is qualified, and if the detection is unqualified, washing the gravels with clean water again until the gravels are qualified, and enabling waste water generated in the cleaning process to enter the slurry tank 2. Thus, primary classification, i.e. gravel having a particle size of more than 100mm, gravel having a particle size of between 2mm and 100mm and slurry having a particle size of less than 2mm, is performed in the silo 1 and the slurry tank 2. Wherein the mud with the particle size less than 2mm enters the subsequent separation and secondary classification processes for continuous treatment. During primary classification and pulping, a portion of the contaminants are transferred from the surface and interior of the soil particles into the liquid phase.
And step two, in the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment 4, separating coarse particles and fine particles in the slurry, removing pollutants on the surface of soil particles, discharging the soil particles from a high-pressure jet flow separation discharge port 9 and entering a secondary classification unit.
And step three, in the secondary grading unit, the coarse particles, the fine particles and the pollutants are further separated under the action of gravity and centrifugal force, the coarse particles enter a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, and the fine particles and the pollutants directly enter a sewage treatment unit.
And step four, in the slurry sedimentation concentration unit, further separating coarse particles, fine particles and water, reducing the water content of the coarse particles to 75-85% of water/water + soil under the action of gravity, enabling the concentrated coarse particles to enter a filter pressing unit, and enabling the fine particles and the water to directly enter a sewage treatment unit.
And step five, after solid-liquid separation is realized in the filter pressing unit, coarse particles are discharged from a filter cake discharge port 16 of the filter press, and fine particles and filtrate enter a sewage treatment unit. After filter pressing, the water content of the filter cake, namely water/water plus soil, is reduced to between 40 and 60 percent. The particle size range of the filter cake is generally between 0.075mm and 2.0 mm. The filter cake grain size produced in the concentration and filter pressing process is about 0.075 mm-2.0 mm, enters the field to be detected through the filter cake discharge port 16 of the filter press, and can be backfilled on the spot after the detection is qualified; and if the detection is not qualified, the bin of the feeding primary classification unit needs to be put again for leaching again until the standard is reached.
And step six, in the sewage treatment unit, separating fine particles from filtrate, discharging the fine particles from a sewage treatment reaction discharge hole 23, and circulating part of the treated filtrate to the feeding primary classification unit and circulating part of the treated filtrate to the high-pressure jet separation unit.
Example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, the soil leaching restoration and reduction system in the embodiment is a container type soil leaching restoration and reduction system, and the soil leaching restoration and reduction system is installed in one or more containers 31, so that the rapid movement and the treatment are facilitated, and the hourly treatment capacity ranges from 0.5t/h soil to 2t/h soil in general. The equipment can be operated and operated all weather. In this embodiment, the electric control cabinet 30 is installed at one side of the soil leaching restoration decrement system, and the electric control cabinet 30 and the soil leaching restoration decrement system are separated by a baffle.
Example 3
Different from the embodiment 1, the soil leaching restoration and reduction system in the embodiment is a skid-mounted soil leaching restoration and reduction system, and the soil leaching restoration and reduction system is mounted on one or more skid-mounted steel foundations 34, so that the rapid movement and the treatment are facilitated, and the hourly treatment capacity ranges from 0.5t of soil to 2t of soil in general cases. In this embodiment, the electric control cabinet 30 is installed at one side of the soil leaching restoration decrement system, and the steel canopy 32 is installed at the top of the soil leaching restoration decrement system and the electric control cabinet 30.
Example 4
Different from the embodiment 1, the soil leaching restoration and reduction system in the embodiment is a fixed station type soil leaching restoration and reduction system, the soil leaching restoration and reduction system is installed on the concrete foundation 33, each unit device adopts an individual or common concrete foundation, and the hourly processing capacity ranges from 0.5t of soil to 5t of soil in a general case. In this embodiment, the electric control cabinet 30 is installed at one side of the soil leaching, repairing and reducing system.
The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The soil leaching, repairing and reducing system is characterized in that: including the first grading unit of feeding, high-pressure jet flow separation unit, secondary grading unit, mud subside concentration unit, filter pressing unit, sewage treatment unit, dust tail gas treatment unit and the instrument electrical control unit that connect gradually, the first grading unit of feeding includes feed bin (1), set up mud tank (2) in feed bin (1) lower part and set up mud mixer (3) in mud tank (2), mud tank (2) lateral wall upper portion is equipped with mud tank upper portion discharge gate (6), high-pressure jet flow separation unit includes high-pressure jet flow splitter (4), high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet (5) and mud tank upper portion discharge gate (6) intercommunication of high-pressure jet flow splitter (4), sewage treatment unit includes sewage treatment reaction equipment (18), sludge dewatering equipment (19) and circulating water tank (20) be connected with sewage treatment reaction equipment (18) respectively, a first water outlet (25) of the circulating water tank (20) is communicated with a discharge hole (26) at the lower part of the side wall of the mud tank (2), and a second water outlet (27) of the circulating water tank (20) is communicated with a high-pressure water inlet (28) at the bottom of the high-pressure jet separation equipment (4);
high-pressure jet splitter (4) are hollow tubular structure, include high-pressure fluid injection section (41), negative pressure suction section (42), high-speed mixing section (43) and high-speed torrent separation section (44) from the front end to the rear end in proper order, the front end of high-pressure fluid injection section (41) is equipped with high-pressure water inlet (28), the rear end of high-speed torrent separation section (44) is equipped with high-pressure jet separation discharge gate (9), high-pressure jet separation feed inlet (5) set up the negative pressure suction section (42) node in high-pressure fluid injection section (41), the pipe diameter that high-pressure fluid injection section (41) and negative pressure suction section (42) is the same, the pipe diameter of high-speed mixing section (43) is less than the pipe diameter that negative pressure suction section (42) and high-speed torrent separation section (44).
2. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the sectional area of the high-speed mixing section (43) is 50-90% smaller than that of the negative pressure suction section (42).
3. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the high-pressure jet flow separation feed inlet (5) and the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment (4) is 30-90 degrees.
4. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment (4) is obliquely arranged, and the included angle between the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment (4) and the ground is 30-45 degrees.
5. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the sewage treatment reaction device is characterized in that a sewage treatment reaction discharge hole (23) in the bottom of the sewage treatment reaction device (18) is communicated with a sludge dewatering feed hole (22) in the top of the sludge dewatering device (19), a sludge dewatering discharge hole (29) for discharging fine particles is formed in the bottom of the sludge dewatering device (19), and the circulating water tank (20) is communicated with a sewage treatment water outlet (24) in the upper portion of the side wall of the sewage treatment reaction device (18).
6. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the secondary classification unit comprises a secondary classification device (7), a secondary classification feed inlet (8) of the secondary classification device (7) is communicated with a high-pressure jet flow separation discharge outlet (9) of the high-pressure jet flow separation device (4), a secondary classification upper discharge outlet (10) and a secondary classification lower discharge outlet (11) are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the secondary classification device (7), the secondary classification upper discharge outlet (10) is communicated with the sewage treatment unit, and the secondary classification lower discharge outlet (11) is communicated with the mud sedimentation concentration unit.
7. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the mud subsides the concentrator unit and includes mud subsides concentrator (12), mud subsides the concentrated feed inlet (21) and secondary hierarchical lower part discharge gate (11) intercommunication at mud subsides concentrator (12) top, the bottom and the lateral wall upper portion of mud subsides concentrator (12) are equipped with mud subsides discharge gate (14) and mud subsides supernatant delivery port (13) respectively, mud subsides supernatant delivery port (13) with sewage treatment unit intercommunication.
8. The soil washing remediation abatement system of claim 1, wherein: the filter-pressing unit includes pressure filter (15), pressure filter (15) lateral wall upper portion is equipped with and supplies coarse grain exhaust pressure filter cake discharge gate (16), pressure filter (15) lateral wall lower part is equipped with pressure filter filtrating discharge gate (17), pressure filter filtrating discharge gate (17) and sewage treatment response device (18) intercommunication.
9. The method for constructing a soil washing, remediation and reduction system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, including the steps of:
firstly, conveying polluted soil to a temporary storage area, adding soil to be repaired into a storage bin (1), adding clean water, screening large gravels, starting a slurry stirrer (3), making the added materials into slurry in a slurry tank (2), then feeding the slurry into a high-pressure jet flow separation device (4) through a discharge hole (6) in the upper part of the slurry tank, and directly discharging the gravels from the bottom of the slurry tank (2);
step two, in the high-pressure jet flow separation equipment (4), coarse particles and fine particles in the slurry are separated, pollutants on the surface of soil particles are removed, and the soil particles are discharged from a high-pressure jet flow separation discharge hole (9) and enter a secondary classification unit;
step three, in the secondary grading unit, further separating coarse particles, fine particles and pollutants, enabling the coarse particles to enter a slurry sedimentation concentration unit, and enabling the fine particles and the pollutants to directly enter a sewage treatment unit;
step four, in the slurry sedimentation concentration unit, further separating coarse particles, fine particles and water, enabling the concentrated coarse particles to enter a filter pressing unit, and enabling the fine particles and the water to directly enter a sewage treatment unit;
step five, after solid-liquid separation is realized in the filter pressing unit, coarse particles are discharged from a filter cake discharge hole (16) of the filter press, and fine particles and filtrate enter a sewage treatment unit;
and step six, in the sewage treatment unit, separating fine particles from filtrate, discharging the fine particles from a sewage treatment reaction discharge hole (23), and circulating part of the treated filtrate to the feeding primary classification unit and circulating part of the treated filtrate to the high-pressure jet separation unit.
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| TWI785572B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-12-01 | 中臺科技大學 | Method of sieving petroleum-contaminated soil |
| CN116282315B (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-08-11 | 宝航环境修复有限公司 | Air floatation device for soil leaching remediation |
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