CN111166834A - 一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111166834A
CN111166834A CN202010128938.7A CN202010128938A CN111166834A CN 111166834 A CN111166834 A CN 111166834A CN 202010128938 A CN202010128938 A CN 202010128938A CN 111166834 A CN111166834 A CN 111166834A
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disinfectant
parts
bamboo vinegar
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tea saponin
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杨漓
马锦林
谷瑶
周丽珠
李桂珍
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种杀灭囊模型病毒的消毒剂及其制备方法，包括如下质量百分比的原料：3‑6%精制竹醋、3‑5%茶皂素，余量为水；所述精制竹醋的制备为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙5‑10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值3‑6，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭5‑10份，搅拌5‑10分钟，过滤，减压分馏，收集的馏分为精制竹醋。本发明提供精制竹醋的以有机酸为主，对囊膜型病毒具有杀灭作用，再结合天然非离子型表面活性剂茶皂素，通过对囊膜的结构破坏显著提高药液的渗透力，提高药液在病毒体表的附着力，起到增效作用，配置的消毒剂生物相容性好，且无急性毒性，对皮肤无刺激性，无皮肤变态反应，对人、动物都安全；阻止禽流感病毒、猪流感等囊膜型病毒的传播。

Description

一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于消毒剂技术领域，具体是一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，高致病性禽流感不仅对我国的禽养殖业造成巨大的经济损失，而且对公共卫生安全带来了严重威胁。禽流感病毒(AIV)属甲型流感病毒。流感病毒属于RNA病毒的正黏病毒科，分甲、乙、丙3个型。其中甲型流感病毒多发于禽类。甲型流感病毒呈多形性，其中球形直径80～120nm，有囊膜。基因组为分节段单股负链RNA。依据其外膜血凝素(H)/和神经氨酸酶(N)蛋白抗原性的不同，可分为16个H亚型(H1～H16)和9个N亚型(N1～N9)。感染人的禽流感病毒亚型主要为H5N1、H9N2、H7N7，其中感染H5N1的患者病情重，病死率高。禽流感病毒对乙醚、氯仿、丙酮等有机溶剂均敏感。氧化剂、稀酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、卤素化合物(如漂白粉和碘剂)等都能迅速破坏其传染性。禽流感病毒对热敏感,加热到58℃30min，或加热到61℃10min，或煮沸(100℃)2min以上即可灭活；对紫外线敏感,在阳光下40-48h就会使AIV丧失活性，如果用紫外线直接照射,，可迅速破坏其传染性。对消毒剂乙醚、氯仿、丙酮等有机溶剂敏感；臭氧和紫外线也可以将空气中的禽流感病毒杀灭，但是上述方法均对人体有害，无法在有人和动物的状态下长期使用。因此，针对囊膜型病毒特性，研究对人、动物都安全的消毒剂，是解决我国养禽场防控禽流感的有效途径。
目前已有部分关于用于杀灭禽流感的消毒剂，如CN 109699686 A公开了了一种杀灭禽流感病毒的消毒剂，原料按照如下配比组成：30wt％过氧化氢15-25体积份、20wt％过氧乙酸2-6体积份、焦磷酸钠0.5-2.5质量份、40wt％十二烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵1-3体积份、碳酸氢钠1-3质量份、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸酯1-4质量份、脱氧胆酸钠0.1-0.3质量份、纳米氧化锌2-4质量份、75wt％乙醇15-25体积份、去离子水80-100体积份，其中1质量份对应1体积份，1g对应1mL。该消毒剂虽然能够在一定程度上杀灭禽类养殖场的细菌和病毒，禽流感病毒得到的一定的控制。但该消毒剂主要是以化学原料为主，对动物或人体的健康会造成一定的影响，且组分很复杂，成本较高，难以实现大规模推广。
以上背景技术内容的公开仅用于辅助理解本发明的发明构思及技术方案，其并不必然属于本专利申请的现有技术，在没有明确的证据表明上述内容在本专利申请的申请日已经公开的情况下，上述背景技术不应当用于评价本申请的新颖性和创造性。
发明内容
本发明针对消毒剂存在的不足，提供一种以精制竹醋和茶皂素为主要原料的消毒剂。本消毒剂对囊膜型病毒具有明显的杀灭作用，阻止了禽流感病毒、猪流感病毒等囊膜型病毒的传播，且对人、动物都安全。
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂，包括如下质量百分比的原料：3-6％精制竹醋、3-5％茶皂素，余量为水；所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙5-10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值3-6，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭5-10份，搅拌5-10分钟，过滤，减压分馏，收集的馏分为精制竹醋。
优选地，所述减压分馏是在温度为60-70℃下分馏塔抽真空分馏。
优选地，所述茶皂素是从油茶榨油后的剩余物茶枯中提取，皂苷含量不低于50％。
优选地，所述消毒剂还包括1-5％的中药提取物；所述中药提取物为芍药5-15份、人参叶1-5份和大青叶5-10份经过水煎煮得到提取液，薄荷0.5-1.5份先用少量乙醇溶解，再加入到提取液中，混合均匀得中药提取物。
本发明所述杀灭感病毒的消毒剂的制备方法，是将精制竹醋加热至50-70℃，搅拌下加入茶皂素和水，或搅拌下加入茶皂素、中药提取物和水，混合均匀，冷却，包装，即得消毒剂。
本发明所提供的消毒剂所述消毒剂用于喷洒禽畜活动场所的消毒或用于人体皮肤、器具表面和活动场所的消毒或用于织物和无纺物的消毒。所述织物、无纺物由纤维胶、聚酯、聚乙烯或其混合物制成；所述织物为纸巾或皱纹纸。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点及有益效果为：
1、本发明提供精制竹醋的以有机酸为主，对囊膜型病毒具有杀灭作用，竹醋液经过减压蒸馏处理，去除了竹醋原液的可溶性焦油，促进对囊膜的破坏，再结合天然非离子型表面活性剂茶皂素，通过对囊膜的结构破坏显著提高药液的渗透力，提高药液在病毒体表的附着力，起到了增效作用，配置的消毒剂生物相容性好，且无急性毒性，对皮肤无刺激性，无皮肤变态反应，对人、动物都安全；阻止了禽流感病毒、猪流感等囊膜型病毒的传播。
2、本消毒液还加入芍药、人参叶、薄荷和大青叶提取物，使得消毒抗菌效果更为显著。
3、本发明提供的消毒剂不仅适用于禽流感病毒、猪流感等囊膜型病毒的消毒杀菌，还适用于幼儿园、学校、机关、医院等单位用于皮肤和器具表面抗菌，为日常防疫工作提供了新的消毒剂，应用范围广泛，具有很好的市场前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。应该强调的是，下述说明仅仅是示例性的，而不是为了限制本发明的范围及其应用。
实施例1
一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂，由如下质量百分比的原料组成：5％精制竹醋、5％茶皂素，余量为水；所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值6，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭10份，搅拌10分钟，过滤，在60℃下分馏塔抽真空分馏，分别收集的馏分，得到精制竹醋。
表1：本发明精制竹醋与竹醋原液理化性质对照
Figure BDA0002395274620000031
Figure BDA0002395274620000041
按照常规方法测定本实施例消毒剂的增效作用，测定结果如表2所示。
表2：茶皂素对精制竹醋的增效作用
Figure BDA0002395274620000042
从测定结果得知，茶皂素对精制竹醋杀灭病毒株具有增效作用。
对本实施例的样品进行毒理学试验，检验依据：《消毒技术规范》(2002年版)2.3.1急性经口毒性试验、2.3.3皮肤刺激试验、2.3.6皮肤变态反应试验。试验结果分别如表3、表4、表5所示。
表3：急性经口毒性试验结果
Figure BDA0002395274620000043
表4：皮肤刺激试验结果
Figure BDA0002395274620000044
Figure BDA0002395274620000051
从上述结果得知，本发明消毒剂对家兔多次皮肤刺激性试验结果为无刺激性。
试验组豚鼠在激发接触混合剂后24h、48h均未见受试皮肤出现红斑及水肿等刺激反应，皮肤致敏率为0％；阴性对照组豚鼠受试皮肤未见异常。
表5：皮肤变态反应试验结果
Figure BDA0002395274620000052
注：*阳性对照组使用的阳性物为2.4-二硝基氯苯(致敏和激发浓度分别为10mg/mL、8mg/mL)。
从试验结果得知，本实施例消毒剂对豚鼠皮肤变态反应试验结果为未见皮肤变态反应。
将实施例1制得的消毒剂分别稀释为1:50、1:100和1:200的量进行代表病毒株测试，试验结果如:表6、表7、表8所示。
表6：消毒时间的确定
Figure BDA0002395274620000061
由上表得知，消毒剂各浓度在20℃，对H1N1最低有效灭活浓度是1∶100，最快有效时间高浓度10min。
表7：杀灭猪瘟(CSFV)兔化弱病毒的试验结果
Figure BDA0002395274620000062
从上述结果得知，本实施例消毒剂对猪瘟(CSFV)兔化弱病毒具有很好的杀灭效果。
表8：杀灭H1N1病毒株的试验结果
Figure BDA0002395274620000063
注：EID50/mL为每毫升鸡胚半数感染剂量。
从实验结果得知，本消毒剂对H1N1病毒株具有很好的杀灭效果。
实施例2
一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂，由如下质量百分比的原料组成：3％精制竹醋、5％茶皂素，余量为水；所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙5份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值5，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭10份，搅拌5分钟，过滤，在70℃下分馏塔抽真空分馏，分别收集馏分，得到精制竹醋。
实施例3
一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂，由如下质量百分比的原料组成：4％精制竹醋、3％茶皂素，余量为水；所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值4，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭8份，搅拌5分钟，过滤，在65℃下分馏塔抽真空分馏，分别收集馏分，得到精制竹醋。
实施例4
一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂，由如下质量百分比的原料组成：5％精制竹醋、5％茶皂素，3％中药提取物，余量为水。
所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值6，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭10份，搅拌10分钟，过滤，在温度为70℃下减压分馏，分别收集馏分，得到精制竹醋。
所述中药提取物是由芍药10份、人参叶3份和大青叶6份分别加入6、5、4倍的水煎煮沸腾1h、0.5h、0.5h，煎煮后合并滤液，加入少量酒精溶解的薄荷1份，得到的提取物。
实施例5
一种杀灭囊膜型病毒的消毒剂，由如下质量百分比的原料组成：4％精制竹醋、4％茶皂素，5％中药提取物，余量为水。
所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值5，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭8份，搅拌10分钟，过滤，在温度为70℃下减压分馏，分别收集馏分，得到精制竹醋。
所述中药提取物是由芍药15份、人参叶5份和大青叶10份分别加入6、5、4倍的水煎煮沸腾1h、0.5h、0.5h，煎煮后合并滤液，加入少量酒精溶解的薄荷1.5份得到的提取物。
将实施例1-5所得的消毒剂分别用稀释为1:100倍的量，对照组聚维酮碘浓度为0.2％。进行消毒时间实验，试验结果如表9所示。
表9:各实施例消毒时间比较
Figure BDA0002395274620000081
本发明加入中药提取物后可缩短病毒灭活的时间。
以上内容是结合具体的/优选的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，其还可以对这些已描述的实施例做出若干替代或变型，而这些替代或变型方式都应视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种杀灭囊模型病毒的消毒剂，其特征在于：包括如下质量百分比的原料：3-6%精制竹醋、3-5%茶皂素，余量为水；所述精制竹醋的制备方法为：将竹醋原液100份加入反应釜中，搅拌下加入碳酸钙5-10份混合均匀，再用碱调节pH值3-6，过滤取上清液，加入活性炭5-10份，搅拌5-10分钟，过滤，减压分馏，收集的馏分为精制竹醋。
2.根据权利要求1所述杀灭囊模型病毒的消毒剂，其特征在于：所述减压分馏是在温度为60-70℃下在分馏塔抽真空分馏。
3.根据权利要求1所述杀灭感病毒的消毒剂，其特征在于：所述茶皂素是从油茶榨油后的剩余物茶枯中提取，皂苷含量不低于50%。
4.根据权利要求1所述杀灭囊模型病毒的消毒剂，其特征在于：所述消毒剂还包括1-5%的中药提取物；所述中药提取物为芍药5-15份、人参叶1-5份和大青叶5-10份经过水煎煮得到提取液，薄荷0.5-1.5份先用少量乙醇溶解，再加入到提取液中，混合均匀得中药提取物。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述杀灭囊模型病毒的消毒剂的制备方法，其特征在于：是将精制竹醋加热至50-70℃，搅拌下加入茶皂素和水，或搅拌下加入茶皂素、中药提取物和水，混合均匀，冷却，包装，既得消毒剂。
6.如权利要求1或4杀灭囊模型病毒的消毒剂的应用，其特征在于：所述消毒剂用于喷洒禽畜活动场所的消毒或用于人体皮肤、器具表面和活动场所的消毒或用于织物和无纺物的消毒。
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