CN111154972A - Preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking - Google Patents
Preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking Download PDFInfo
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- CN111154972A CN111154972A CN202010071636.0A CN202010071636A CN111154972A CN 111154972 A CN111154972 A CN 111154972A CN 202010071636 A CN202010071636 A CN 202010071636A CN 111154972 A CN111154972 A CN 111154972A
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- iron
- granular iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/248—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating of metal scrap or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
A preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking comprises the following steps: crushing and magnetically separating the converter waste residue, and screening out granular iron with the granularity of less than 15 mm; cleaning the surface of the granular iron; then air-drying or drying; the materials are prepared according to the proportion that the mass of the granular iron accounts for 75-90 percent and the mass of the binder accounts for 10-25 percent; putting the small-particle iron and the binder into a stirrer for uniformly mixing, preparing material balls with the diameter of 45-65 mm after uniformly mixing, and baking at low temperature; and (3) when the temperature of the material balls after low-temperature baking is reduced to 35-45 ℃, pressing the material balls into spherical granular iron with the diameter of 40-60 mm. The invention bonds the small-particle iron particles together, enlarges the size of the small-particle iron particles, is convenient for coating the high-temperature oxidation-resistant material on the surface of the small-particle iron particles, prevents the small-particle iron particles from being oxidized in the steelmaking higher-temperature environment to cause higher loss of the small-particle iron particles, and can be wrapped by light and thin scrap steel in the recovery and processing processes, so that the small-particle iron particles are effectively recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking.
Background
The waste slag granular iron is a mixture of iron and steelmaking oxidation slag recovered from converter waste slag through the processes of magnetic separation, screening and the like, and the iron content of the waste slag granular iron is between 60 and 90 percent. According to the calculation of the converter steel yield in China, at least more than 4000 ten thousand of granular iron are extracted from converter waste slag every year in China. According to statistics, about 150-200 ten thousand tons of converter waste slag granular iron circulate in the scrap steel market at present, and the main application of the converter waste slag granular iron is to carry out rough steel production by matching with other steelmaking raw materials. Although the method can replace part of steelmaking raw materials, the utilization of converter waste slag and granular iron is limited to a certain extent due to the influence of factors such as energy consumption, environmental protection, steelmaking operation process and the like.
In the application aspect of steel plants, the granular iron is added in a high-level bunker along with the smelting process, but the granular iron with larger granularity (such as the diameter of more than or equal to 40mm) is difficult to be added in the bunker because the block is large and the belt is easy to be damaged in the belt transportation. Therefore, part of large granular iron can be wrapped by the light and thin steel scrap in the recycling and processing processes, and the steel scrap is added into the converter in the steel scrap groove during use, so that the possibility that the belt is scratched by the large granular iron is avoided, the steel scrap is wrapped and then melted in the steel scrap, and the difficulty in smelting operation caused by the fact that a large amount of cold materials are added at one time is avoided.
In the application of the granular iron in steel making, the granular iron is easy to oxidize in a higher-temperature environment of steel making, so that the loss of the granular iron is directly higher, and the recovery of the granular iron with small particle size is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking, which bonds small granular iron together, enlarges the size of the small granular iron, is convenient for coating a high-temperature oxidation preventing material on the surface of the granular iron, prevents the small granular iron from being oxidized under a higher-temperature environment for steelmaking to cause higher loss of the granular iron, can be wrapped by light and thin scrap steel in the recovery and processing processes, and effectively recycles the small granular iron.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking comprises the following steps:
1) taking granular iron with the granularity of less than 15mm as a raw material;
2) surface cleaning: loading the screened granular iron into a container, filling water into the container, oscillating the container, and enabling the surface iron rust and residues to fall off through collision and friction among the granular iron;
3) air-drying the cleaned granular iron to remove moisture on the surface of the granular iron, or placing the granular iron in a baking tray, and placing the baking tray above a continuous casting billet with the temperature of more than 150 ℃ for drying;
4) preparing materials: the materials are prepared according to the proportion that the mass of the granular iron accounts for 75-90 percent and the mass of the binder accounts for 10-25 percent;
5) mixing uniformly and pelletizing: putting the cleaned and dried small iron particles and the binder into a stirrer for uniformly mixing, pelletizing by using a pelletizer after uniformly mixing to prepare material pellets of 45-65 mm, and then baking at low temperature;
6) pressing the ball: and (3) when the temperature of the material balls baked at the low temperature is reduced to 35-45 ℃, pressing the material balls into spherical granular iron by a ball press, wherein the diameter of the pressed spherical granular iron is 40-60 mm.
The binder is prepared from metallurgical lime and tar, wherein the mass of the metallurgical lime accounts for 30-50%, the mass of the tar accounts for 50-70%, and S in the metallurgical lime is less than or equal to 0.025%.
In the step 5), the small iron particles are firstly put into a stirrer in the mixing process, and the binder is added into the stirrer for a plurality of times along with the stirring process.
The low-temperature baking is carried out in two stages, in the first stage, the material balls are slowly heated from room temperature to 60-75 ℃ at the heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min; in the second stage, the material balls are insulated for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 60-75 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) and bonding the small granular iron together, so that the size of the bonded spherical iron is enlarged to 40-60 mm, and the bonded spherical iron is convenient to pack together with light and thin scrap steel and add into a converter for use.
2) The bonded surface of the granular iron is conveniently coated with a high-temperature oxidation prevention material, and the granular iron is prevented from being oxidized in a steelmaking higher temperature environment to cause higher loss of the granular iron.
3) The bonded spherical granular iron is put into a steel making furnace to be rapidly melted in application, so that the energy consumption is reduced, meanwhile, slagging in the earlier stage of smelting is facilitated, the dephosphorization and desulfurization effects of the converter are improved, the bonding and lance eating accidents of the oxygen lance can be reduced, and the service life of the oxygen lance is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention:
a preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking comprises the following steps:
1) magnetic separation and screening: crushing and magnetically separating the converter waste residue, and screening the granular iron obtained after magnetic separation to select the granular iron with the granularity less than 15 mm; taking granular iron with the granularity of less than 15mm as a raw material;
2) surface cleaning: since the surface of the sorted iron granules is provided with an embroidery layer after being placed for a period of time or the surface is adhered with some residues, the collected iron granules need to be treated so as not to affect the adhesion of the subsequent iron granules. The surface cleaning adopts a simple physical treatment method and does not adopt the processes of acid washing and the like so as to avoid polluting the environment. Loading the screened granular iron into a container, filling water into the container, oscillating the container, and enabling the surface iron rust and residues to fall off through collision and friction among the granular iron;
3) after the surface is cleaned, certain moisture is on the surface of the granular iron after the surface rust layer and the residues are removed, the cleaned granular iron is air-dried to remove the moisture on the surface of the granular iron, or the granular iron can be placed in a baking tray according to the actual condition of a production field, the tray is placed above a continuous casting billet with the temperature of more than 150 ℃ for drying, and the heat source of the continuous casting billet is fully utilized;
4) preparing materials: the materials are prepared according to the proportion that the mass of the granular iron accounts for 75-90 percent and the mass of the binder accounts for 10-25 percent;
5) mixing uniformly and pelletizing: putting the cleaned and dried small iron particles and the binder into a stirrer for uniformly mixing, pelletizing by using a pelletizer after uniformly mixing to prepare material pellets of 45-65 mm, and then baking at low temperature;
6) pressing the ball: in order to enable the material balls to have certain strength and prevent the material balls from cracking in the using and transporting process, the temperature of the material balls baked at low temperature is reduced to 35-45 ℃, the material balls are pressed into spherical iron particles through a ball press, the small iron particles and the binder are more tightly combined together, and the diameter of the pressed spherical iron particles is 40-60 mm.
7) Collecting finished products: and collecting the spherical granular iron with the diameter of 40-60 mm for later use when the temperature of the spherical granular iron prepared after pressing is naturally cooled to room temperature.
The binder is prepared from metallurgical lime and tar, wherein the mass of the metallurgical lime accounts for 30-50%, the mass of the tar accounts for 50-70%, and S in the metallurgical lime is less than or equal to 0.025%, so that the influence of the content of the introduced S on the quality of molten steel is prevented.
In the step 5), in order to enable the small iron particles and the binder to be uniformly mixed and to enable the formability of the subsequent process to be better, the small iron particles are firstly placed into a stirrer in the mixing process, and the binder is added into the stirrer for a plurality of times along with the stirring process.
In order to prevent the material balls from cracking and affecting normal use in the low-temperature baking process, the low-temperature baking is carried out in two stages, and in the first stage, the material balls are slowly heated to 60-75 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min; in the second stage, the material balls are insulated for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 60-75 ℃.
Example 1:
a preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking comprises the following production processes: and (3) crushing and magnetically separating the converter waste residue, and screening the granular iron obtained after magnetic separation to select the granular iron with the granularity of less than 15 mm. And filling a certain amount of grain iron with the granularity of less than 15mm into a closed container, covering the upper surface of the grain iron with the water surface in the closed container, and removing surface rust and residues by collision and friction among the grain iron through oscillation of the closed container. And air-drying the small-particle iron after the surface treatment. Then the iron particles are prepared according to the proportion that the mass of the collected iron particles accounts for 80 percent and the mass of the binding agent accounts for 20 percent, wherein the mass of metallurgical lime in the binding agent accounts for 45 percent and the mass of tar accounts for 55 percent. The small iron particles are firstly put into a stirrer, and the binder is slowly added into the stirrer along with the stirring process. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is pelletized by a pelletizer to prepare material pellets with the thickness of 60 mm. The material balls are baked in two stages, and in the first stage, the material balls are slowly heated from room temperature to 70 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min; in the second stage, the pellets were incubated at 70 ℃ for 2 h. And after the temperature of the material balls baked at the low temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, pressing the material balls into spherical granular iron by a ball press machine, so that the small granular iron and the binder are more tightly combined together, and the diameter of the pressed spherical granular iron is 55 mm. And collecting the pressed spherical granular iron with the diameter of 55mm for later use when the temperature of the spherical granular iron is naturally cooled to room temperature.
Example 2:
a preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking comprises the following production processes: and (3) crushing and magnetically separating the converter waste residue, and screening the granular iron obtained after magnetic separation to select the granular iron with the granularity of less than 15 mm. And filling a certain amount of grain iron with the granularity of less than 15mm into a closed container, covering the upper surface of the grain iron with the water surface in the closed container, and removing surface rust and residues by collision and friction among the grain iron through oscillation of the closed container. And air-drying the small-particle iron after the surface treatment. Then the iron particles are prepared according to the proportion that the mass of the collected iron particles accounts for 75 percent and the mass of the binder accounts for 25 percent, wherein the mass of metallurgical lime in the binder accounts for 50 percent and the mass of tar accounts for 50 percent. Firstly, the small iron particles are put into a stirrer, and the binder is slowly added into the stirrer in several times along with the stirring process. And pelletizing by using a pelletizer after uniformly mixing to prepare material balls with the diameter of 55 mm. The material balls are baked in two stages, and in the first stage, the material balls are slowly heated from room temperature to 70 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min; in the second stage, the pellets were incubated at 70 ℃ for 1.5 h. And after the temperature of the material balls baked at the low temperature is reduced to 35 ℃, pressing the material balls into spherical granular iron by a ball press machine, so that the small granular iron and the binder are more tightly combined together, and the diameter of the pressed spherical granular iron is 50 mm. And collecting the spherical granular iron with the diameter of 50mm for later use when the temperature of the spherical granular iron prepared by pressing is naturally cooled to room temperature.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of spherical granular iron for steelmaking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) taking granular iron with the granularity of less than 15mm as a raw material;
2) surface cleaning: loading the screened granular iron into a container, filling water into the container, oscillating the container, and enabling the surface iron rust and residues to fall off through collision and friction among the granular iron;
3) air-drying the cleaned granular iron to remove moisture on the surface of the granular iron, or placing the granular iron in a baking tray, and placing the baking tray above a continuous casting billet with the temperature of more than 150 ℃ for drying;
4) preparing materials: the materials are prepared according to the proportion that the mass of the granular iron accounts for 75-90 percent and the mass of the binder accounts for 10-25 percent;
5) mixing uniformly and pelletizing: putting the cleaned and dried small iron particles and the binder into a stirrer for uniformly mixing, pelletizing by using a pelletizer after uniformly mixing to prepare material pellets of 45-65 mm, and then baking at low temperature;
6) pressing the ball: and (3) when the temperature of the material balls baked at the low temperature is reduced to 35-45 ℃, pressing the material balls into spherical granular iron by a ball press, wherein the diameter of the pressed spherical granular iron is 40-60 mm.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is prepared from metallurgical lime and tar, wherein the metallurgical lime accounts for 30-50% by mass, the tar accounts for 50-70% by mass, and S in the metallurgical lime is less than or equal to 0.025%.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the small iron particles are first put into the mixer during the mixing process in the step 5), and the binder is added into the mixer several times during the mixing process.
4. The method for preparing spheroidal particulate iron for steelmaking as set forth in claim 1, wherein the low-temperature baking is carried out in two stages, the first stage is to slowly raise the temperature of the material pellets from room temperature to 60-75 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 0.5-1 ℃/min; in the second stage, the material balls are insulated for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 60-75 ℃.
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2020
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| CN101109027A (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-01-23 | 邯郸钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for producing ball iron with iron scale |
| CN102653804A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-09-05 | 钢铁研究总院 | Method for producing granular iron by magnetically roasting and reducing low-quality limonite with rotary hearth furnace |
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