CN111153689B - 一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111153689B
CN111153689B CN201911337360.XA CN201911337360A CN111153689B CN 111153689 B CN111153689 B CN 111153689B CN 201911337360 A CN201911337360 A CN 201911337360A CN 111153689 B CN111153689 B CN 111153689B
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师陆冰
王文健
王超
丁昊昊
李群
郭俊
刘启跃
周仲荣
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒及制备方法,包括以下步骤:步骤1:将二氧化硅粉末加入水中形成预混液;步骤2:将步骤1得到的预混液经喷雾干燥形成颗粒生坯;步骤3:将步骤2得到的颗粒生坯烧结得到成品颗粒;本发明制备得到的增黏颗粒在满足轮轨增黏需求的同时,可有效避免增黏过程中硬质颗粒导致的轮轨磨损和损伤加剧的问题;经测试增黏过程中轮轨材料磨损率较使用传统砂子颗粒增黏降低了70%,且轮轨试样表面光滑,无明显的颗粒压痕等损伤。

Description

一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道交通撒砂增黏技术领域,具体涉及一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒及制备方法。
背景技术
轮轨界面黏着特性是影响机车安全、高效运行的关键因素。当轨面出现水、油、树叶等污染物时,过低的黏着系数会导致机车制动距离过长、列车晚点、轮对打滑/空转等低黏着问题,因此铁路上采用向轮轨界面撒砂的方式进行增黏。
目前,铁路撒砂增黏所用的增黏颗粒为河沙或者硅砂颗粒,粒径为0.5~2mm。由于砂子颗粒硬度远高于轮轨材料硬度,进入轮轨界面的砂子颗粒在提高黏着系数的同时也会导致轮轨磨耗加剧和表面损伤等不利影响,增加铁路维护成本。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题提供可显著降低增黏过程中轮轨材料磨耗和表面损伤的用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒及制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将二氧化硅粉末加入水中形成预混液;
步骤2:将步骤1得到的预混液经喷雾干燥形成颗粒生坯;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的颗粒生坯烧结得到成品颗粒。
进一步的,所述步骤1中的预混液中二氧化硅粉末的质量分数为40~60wt.%。
进一步的,所述步骤1中二氧化硅粉末为石英粉,粒度范围为1~30μm。
进一步的,所述步骤2中在预混液中添加硅酸钠后喷雾干燥,硅酸钠添加量为二氧化硅粉末质量的2~5%。
进一步的,所述步骤3中烧结温度为1200℃,升温速率为10~20℃/min,升温至1200℃后保温0.5~2h后,自然冷却。
一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒,所述增黏颗粒为团聚体颗粒,颗粒粒径为0.5~1.5mm,颗粒单轴压缩破碎强度小于70Mpa。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明制备得到的增黏颗粒在满足轮轨增黏需求的同时,可有效避免增黏过程中硬质颗粒导致的轮轨磨损和损伤加剧的问题;
(2)本发明得到的增黏颗粒增黏过程中轮轨材料磨损率较使用传统砂子颗粒增黏降低了70%,且轮轨试样表面光滑,无明显的颗粒压痕等损伤。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒与同粒径砂子颗粒的形貌图。
图2为本发明实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒与同粒径砂子颗粒的破碎强度对比图。
图3为本发明实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒与同粒径砂子颗粒进行增黏测试中的黏着系数曲线对比图。
图4为本发明实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒与同粒径砂子颗粒进行增黏测试后的轮轨试样磨损率。
图5为本发明实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒与同粒径砂子颗粒进行增黏测试后的车轮试样表面轮廓示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将二氧化硅粉末加入水中形成预混液;预混液中二氧化硅粉末的质量分数为40~60wt.%;二氧化硅粉末为石英粉,粒度范围为1~30μm。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的预混液经喷雾干燥形成颗粒生坯;在预混液中添加粘接剂使二氧化硅粉末在喷雾干燥过程中团聚形成粒径满足要求的颗粒生坯。粘结剂采用硅酸钠,添加量为所用二氧化硅粉末质量的2~5%。
步骤3:将步骤2得到的颗粒生坯经烧结得到成品颗粒。颗粒生坯在常压烧结炉中进行烧结,以10~20℃/min的升温速率随炉升温至1200℃,保温0.5~2h后取出,自然冷却至常温。
实施例
选用粒度范围为1~30μm的石英粉作为物料,常温下,将1kg物料与1.5kg水混合配置成质量分数为40wt.%的预混液;预混液搅拌20min后加入50g硅酸钠,并继续搅拌10min。
搅拌均匀后的预混液在压力喷雾干燥机上制成颗粒生坯,颗粒生坯在烧结炉中以20℃/min升温至1200℃,并在该温度下保温2小时后取出自然冷却至常温,得到最终的成品颗粒。
图1为上述实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒和同粒径砂子颗粒的形貌对比图,可以看出,本实施例制备得到的颗粒在形状上更为规则,接近于球体。其特征上不同于砂子颗粒的晶体特征,表现为粉末团聚体特征。
进行颗粒破碎强度测试
将本实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒与同粒径范围内砂子颗粒各随机选取50颗样本,在单轴压缩式颗粒破碎强度试验装置上进行测试,记录各样本临界破碎力,其破碎强度为临界破碎力与颗粒粒径平方之比,统计测试得到的破碎强度平均值及方差。图2即为测试得到的本实施例制备的增黏颗粒与砂子颗粒的破碎强度对比。从图中可以看出颗粒平均破碎强度仅为同粒径砂子颗粒的40.5%。
增黏效果及增黏过程中轮轨材料磨损率和表面损伤测试
在MJP双盘式轮轨滚动接触模拟试验机上进行测试,轮轨模拟试样分别取自CL60车轮踏面和U71Mn钢轨轨头,试样直径均为55mm,接触宽度5mm。实验中,钢轨试样转速为500r/min,车轮试样转速为490r/min,轮轨试样间蠕滑率为2%。试验选取的法向接触荷载为2400N,模拟轮轨间接触应力1100MPa。实验中通过向轮轨试样间滴水模拟低黏着工况,施加量为5ml/min。轮轨试样在水态下稳定运行1000转之后进行颗粒增黏。本实施例制备的增黏颗粒和对比组使用的砂子颗粒的施用量均为5g/min,增黏过程持续4000转。
其中图3为实验测得的轮轨间黏着系数曲线,图4为使用两种增黏颗粒进行增黏实验得到的车轮和钢轨试样的磨损率结果。从图3可以看出,使用本实施例制备的增黏颗粒与使用砂子颗粒具有同等的增黏效果。从图4可看出,使用本实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒车轮和钢轨试样磨损率与使用砂子颗粒增黏相比均明显降低。
图5为使用本实施例制备得到的增黏颗粒和使用砂子颗粒进行增黏实验后车轮试样表面轮廓图。从图中可以看出使用砂子颗粒增黏时会在试样表面产生大量的压痕,最大的压痕深度可以达到20μm以上。而使用本发明的增黏颗粒,试样表面仍较为光滑,只分布着一些比较浅的压痕,深度小于5μm。
本发明通过喷雾造粒、烧结制备过程将微米级的二氧化硅粉末制备成可满足铁路撒砂应用要求的大粒径的团聚体颗粒。得到的颗粒粒径为0.5~1.5mm,接近现用砂子颗粒粒径,因此可直接在现有的机车撒砂装置上使用。得到的增黏颗粒形状规则,破碎强度较同粒径普通增黏砂子颗粒降低50%以上。可显著降低颗粒在轮轨界面破碎过程中造成的轮轨磨损和损伤问题,颗粒破碎后产生的微粒接近于所使用二氧化硅粉末物料。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于轨道交通轮轨界面增黏的增黏颗粒制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将二氧化硅粉末加入水中形成预混液;
预混液中二氧化硅粉末的质量分数为40~60wt.%,二氧化硅粉末为石英粉,粒度范围为1~30μm;
步骤2:将步骤1得到的预混液经喷雾干燥形成颗粒生坯;
在预混液中添加硅酸钠后喷雾干燥,硅酸钠添加量为二氧化硅粉末质量的2~5%;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的颗粒生坯烧结得到成品颗粒;
烧结温度为1200℃,升温速率为10~20℃/min,升温至1200℃后保温0.5~2h后,自然冷却。
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CN108558435A (zh) * 2018-01-02 2018-09-21 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 一种隔热陶瓷材料、制备方法及其应用

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