CN111146788B - Automatic power generation control method - Google Patents

Automatic power generation control method Download PDF

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CN111146788B
CN111146788B CN202010072438.6A CN202010072438A CN111146788B CN 111146788 B CN111146788 B CN 111146788B CN 202010072438 A CN202010072438 A CN 202010072438A CN 111146788 B CN111146788 B CN 111146788B
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frequency modulation
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CN111146788A (en
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钱斌
林晓明
周密
肖勇
王吉
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China Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
Research Institute of Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
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Research Institute of Southern Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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Abstract

The application discloses an automatic power generation control method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment according to the limit value of the frequency modulation spare capacity and the frequency shortage of the power grid; obtaining a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme according to the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment and the optimal scheduling model; and the production equipment operates according to the obtained production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme. According to the method, the optimal scheduling model of the factory automation flow shop is established to solve the production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme after the flow shop receives the frequency modulation signals issued by the AGC center at each moment, so that the automatic flow shop can accurately respond or track the frequency modulation signals.

Description

Automatic power generation control method
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of frequency modulation, in particular to an automatic power generation control method.
Background
In order to alleviate the problems of the fossil energy crisis and the corresponding environmental pollution and climate deterioration, more and more renewable energy sources are connected to the power grid in the form of distributed resources in recent years. However, renewable energy often has characteristics such as stronger uncertainty, and its access to the electric wire netting often brings more obvious electric wire netting frequency fluctuation, has increased the demand of electric power system to frequency modulation resource.
The automatic flow workshop has strong control capability on production equipment, can accurately control the start-stop time sequence of the production equipment, and meets the basic requirements of a power system on frequency modulation resources. However, to ensure the performance quality of the produced product, the plant or flow shop typically does not provide power system ancillary services. With the construction and trial run of the electric power market, future factories and flow workshops face higher power consumption cost and uncertainty of power charge, and providing frequency adjustment auxiliary service is an effective method for reducing the power consumption cost and market risk of the factories and the flow workshops.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an automatic power generation control method, which is used for solving a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme after a flow shop receives frequency modulation signals sent by an AGC center at each moment by establishing an optimal scheduling model of a factory automation flow shop, so that the automatic flow shop can accurately respond or track the frequency modulation signals.
In view of the above, a first aspect of the present application provides an automatic power generation control method, including:
acquiring the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment according to the limit value of the frequency modulation spare capacity and the frequency shortage of the power grid;
obtaining a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme according to the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment and an optimal scheduling model;
and the production equipment operates according to the obtained production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme.
Preferably, the objective function of the optimal scheduling model is:
Figure BDA0002377637120000021
wherein E istRepresenting the absolute error between the actual power and the ideal power of the flow shop at the t-th moment; m represents the total number of production equipment in the flow shop; pi,tRepresenting the actual power of the production device i at the time t;
Figure BDA0002377637120000022
represents the baseline load of the plant at hour h or the total bid amount at hour h in a market environment;
Figure BDA0002377637120000023
indicating the plant's reserve capacity or city of the frequency modulation at h hourThe frequency modulation spare capacity of winning bid in the h hour under the field environment;
Figure BDA0002377637120000024
and the AGC frequency modulation signal received by the flow shop at the t-th moment is shown.
Preferably, the actual power P of the production plant i at said time ti,tComprises the following steps:
Pi，t＝mi，tPi on+(1-mi，t)Pi off
wherein m isi,tThe method comprises the steps of representing the running state of production equipment i at the t-th moment, and simultaneously representing binary variables, wherein 1 represents that the equipment is in a processing state, and 0 represents that the equipment is in a standby state; pi onAnd Pi offRespectively representing the power of the production equipment i in the running state and the standby state.
Preferably, the constraints of the optimal scheduling model include: maximum power constraints, production planning constraints, fm reserve capacity constraints, processing time constraints, workpiece inventory constraints, and fm performance constraints.
Preferably, the maximum power constraint is:
Figure BDA0002377637120000028
Figure BDA0002377637120000029
Figure BDA00023776371200000210
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00023776371200000211
indicating the amount of electricity purchased by the plant at its baseline or in a market environment; pmaxRepresenting the actual maximum power utilization capacity of the factory; n is a radical ofmIs maximum in one hourThe finished product production, n is the finished product production in a workshop within one hour; beta is aiThe number of workpieces produced by the required consumption equipment i per unit of finished product is represented;
Figure BDA00023776371200000212
representing the minimum processing time of the equipment i.
Preferably, the production plan constraints are:
Figure BDA00023776371200000213
wherein N isDDaily planned production capacity for a flow shop factory.
Preferably, the fm spare capacity constraint is:
Figure BDA00023776371200000214
Figure BDA00023776371200000215
preferably, the processing time constraints are:
Figure BDA0002377637120000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377637120000032
indicating the length of time that the device i has been activated by the time t-1.
Preferably, the workpiece inventory constraint is:
Figure BDA0002377637120000033
Figure BDA0002377637120000034
Figure BDA0002377637120000035
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377637120000036
and
Figure BDA0002377637120000037
respectively, representing the change of state of the device i at time t, as a binary variable,
Figure BDA0002377637120000038
and
Figure BDA0002377637120000039
a value of 1 indicates that the machine i starts and ends at time t,
Figure BDA00023776371200000310
and
Figure BDA00023776371200000311
0 indicates other conditions, respectively; si,tThe storage capacity of the workpieces produced by the equipment i in the production line at the end of time t; is Si,t-1Is the amount of memory at the last moment,
Figure BDA00023776371200000312
in the increment of the current time of day,
Figure BDA00023776371200000313
indicating the consumption of the workpiece when other equipment starts to process; diA set of downstream device numbers representing device i.
Preferably, the frequency modulation performance constraint is:
Kh≥Kmin＝0.75
Khindicating the frequency modulation performance, KminTo representMinimum value of frequency modulation performance.
In an embodiment of the present application, an automatic power generation control method for power frequency modulation is provided, including: acquiring the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment according to the limit value of the frequency modulation spare capacity and the frequency shortage of the power grid; obtaining a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme according to the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment and the optimal scheduling model; and the production equipment operates according to the obtained production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages: according to the method, the optimal scheduling model of the factory automation flow shop is established to solve the production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme after the flow shop receives the frequency modulation signals sent by the AGC center at each moment, and the production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme of the flow shop is sent to each production equipment to be executed, so that the automatic flow shop can accurately respond or track the frequency modulation signals.
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Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an automatic power generation control method for power frequency modulation according to the present application.
Detailed Description
Automatic Generation Control (AGC) refers to a power system frequency adjustment technology, and adopts a technical method that: and submitting the frequency adjustment spare capacity of the next time period to an AGC control center by a frequency adjustment auxiliary service provider, calculating the active power shortage of the current power grid by the AGC according to the current power grid frequency shortage, averagely distributing the obtained active power shortage to each frequency modulation resource according to the capacity proportion, and carrying out active power frequency modulation on each frequency modulation resource to compensate the active power shortage of the power grid.
Frequency modulation signal: the variable is issued to all frequency modulation resources by an AGC center at each moment, the value range of the variable is-1 to 1, and the variable means the proportion of calling frequency modulation spare capacity. For example: the fm spare capacity of a device is 10MW, and the received fm signal is +0.5/-0.5, and the device should adjust its own power up/down by 0.5 × 10 — 5 MW.
The automatic power generation control strategy is that for a frequency modulation auxiliary service provider, after receiving a power grid active power adjustment signal (power system frequency modulation signal), the frequency modulation auxiliary service provider adjusts an internal control variable according to a certain control strategy so as to accurately track the power system frequency modulation signal. For the automatic flow shop, after receiving the frequency modulation signal, the automatic flow shop controls the start-stop time sequence of each production device in the flow shop, and belongs to the scope of the automatic power generation control, namely, the start-stop time sequence of each production device in the flow shop belongs to the object of the automatic power generation control strategy.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an automatic power generation control method for power frequency modulation according to the present application, as shown in fig. 1, where fig. 1 includes:
101. and acquiring the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment according to the limit value of the frequency modulation spare capacity and the frequency shortage of the power grid.
It should be noted that the proportion allocated to each frequency modulation resource at the next time may be a frequency modulation signal issued by the automatic power generation control system to the frequency modulation auxiliary service provider.
102. And obtaining a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme according to the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment and the optimal scheduling model.
It should be noted that, after the frequency modulation auxiliary service provider obtains the frequency modulation signal, the frequency modulation spare capacity of the equipment is adjusted according to the frequency modulation signal, and the start-stop timing sequence of each production equipment is controlled according to the optimal scheduling model, so that the flow shop can output the frequency modulation spare capacity after adjustment.
103. And the production equipment operates according to the obtained production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme.
According to the method, the optimal scheduling model of the factory automation flow shop is established to solve the production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme after the flow shop receives the frequency modulation signals sent by the AGC center at each moment, and the production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme of the flow shop is sent to each production equipment to be executed, so that the automatic flow shop can accurately respond or track the frequency modulation signals.
For better understanding of the technical scheme of the application, the application provides an optimal scheduling model for controlling the start-stop time sequence of production equipment after the acquired frequency modulation signal is acquired, and the optimal scheduling model specifically comprises the following steps:
the objective function of the optimal scheduling model represents that the total error of the total plant power and the ideal response power of the automated flow plant scheduling is minimized, as shown by the objective function of the following formula:
Figure BDA0002377637120000051
wherein E istRepresenting the absolute error between the actual power and the ideal power of the flow shop at the t-th moment; m represents the total number of production equipment in the flow shop; pi,tRepresenting the actual power of the production device i at the time t;
Figure BDA0002377637120000052
represents the baseline load of the plant at hour h or the total bid amount at hour h in a market environment;
Figure BDA0002377637120000053
indicating the frequency modulation spare capacity of a factory in the h hour or the winning frequency modulation spare capacity in the h hour under the market environment;
Figure BDA0002377637120000054
and the AGC frequency modulation signal received by the flow shop at the t-th moment is shown.
In which production ofActive power P of the devicei,tThe energy consumption scheduling optimization model of the flow shop simplifies the energy consumption state of the production equipment into a processing state and a standby state through the control of the start-stop time sequence of the equipment, and ignores the conversion process between the processing state and the standby state, so that the power P of any production equipment i at the moment ti,tCan be represented by the following formula:
Pi，t＝mi，tPi on+(1-mi，t)Pi off
wherein m isi,tThe method comprises the steps of representing the running state of production equipment i at the t-th moment, and simultaneously representing binary variables, wherein 1 represents that the equipment is in a processing state, and 0 represents that the equipment is in a standby state; pi onAnd Pi offRespectively representing the power of the production equipment i in the running state and the standby state.
For the target scheduling model, there are also constraints including a maximum power constraint, a production plan constraint, a modulated frequency spare capacity constraint, a processing time constraint, a workpiece inventory constraint, and a modulated frequency performance constraint.
Wherein the maximum power constraint is:
Figure BDA0002377637120000061
Figure BDA0002377637120000062
Figure BDA0002377637120000063
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377637120000064
indicating that the power purchased by the plant at its baseline power or in the market environment should not be greater than its actual maximum power capacity;
Figure BDA0002377637120000065
the maximum power consumption of the factory is represented as the product of the maximum production of finished products in one hour and the energy consumption of each unit of finished products;
Figure BDA0002377637120000066
the formula for calculating the maximum finished product production per hour of the factory means that one equipment on the production line can continuously produce the finished products which can be produced in the workshop within one hour.
Wherein
Figure BDA0002377637120000067
Indicating the amount of electricity purchased by the plant at its baseline or in a market environment; pmaxRepresenting the actual maximum power utilization capacity of the factory; n is a radical ofmThe maximum production capacity of the finished products in the workshop within one hour, and n is the production capacity of the finished products in the workshop within one hour; beta is aiThe number of workpieces produced by the required consumption equipment i per unit of finished product is represented;
Figure BDA0002377637120000068
representing the minimum processing time of the equipment i.
The production plan constraints are:
Figure BDA0002377637120000069
the above formula represents the total daily electricity consumption of the plant required to meet the production plan, wherein N isDDaily planned production capacity for a flow shop factory.
The frequency modulation reserve capacity constraint is:
Figure BDA00023776371200000610
Figure BDA00023776371200000611
the process time constraints are:
Figure BDA00023776371200000612
the above formula indicates that after any equipment starts to process, the processing state must be maintained until the workpiece processing is completed, similar to the minimum start-up time constraint of a thermal power generating unit, wherein,
Figure BDA00023776371200000613
indicating the length of time that the device i has been activated by the time t-1.
The workpiece inventory constraints are:
Figure BDA0002377637120000071
Figure BDA0002377637120000072
Figure BDA0002377637120000073
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002377637120000074
and
Figure BDA0002377637120000075
respectively, representing the change of state of the device i at time t, as a binary variable,
Figure BDA0002377637120000076
and
Figure BDA0002377637120000077
a value of 1 indicates that the machine i starts and ends at time t,
Figure BDA0002377637120000078
and
Figure BDA0002377637120000079
0 indicates other conditions, respectively; si,tThe storage capacity of the workpieces produced by the equipment i in the production line at the end of time t; is Si,t-1Is the amount of memory at the last moment,
Figure BDA00023776371200000710
in the increment of the current time of day,
Figure BDA00023776371200000711
indicating the consumption of the workpiece when other equipment starts to process; diA set of downstream device numbers representing device i.
The constraint on the frequency modulation performance is as follows:
Kh≥Kmin＝0.75
Khindicating the frequency modulation performance, KminIndicating the minimum value of the frequency modulation performance.
The performance of the frequency modulation auxiliary service provided by the frequency modulation resource is often required by the power system, that is, the parameter related to the frequency modulation performance should not be lower than a standard value. For convenience of explanation, the present application takes the fm performance standard and the calculation rule of the PJM market as an example. In the PJM market rule, the fm performance of the fm resource should be greater than 0.75, otherwise the fm resource will not enter the fm market for a period of time, and therefore the fm performance constraint can be shown as above.
The calculation method of the frequency modulation performance in the PJM market is as follows: the PJM sends frequency modulation signals every two seconds, samples the power of the unit responding to AGC signals every ten seconds, calculates the frequency modulation performance every five minutes, and finally calculates the average value of 12 times of calculation results in the frequency modulation performance every hour. The calculation of the frequency modulation performance fraction comprises three indexes, namely an accuracy fraction SPA relevance score SCAnd a delay fraction SD：SPIs the average error between the frequency modulated response power sequence and the frequency modulated signal sequence; sCMeans that the time is [0,5min]The frequency modulation signal sequence and the time are [ d, d +5min]The maximum value of the correlation coefficient sigma (d) between the frequency modulation response power sequences; delay fractionSCBy maximizing the correlation coefficient of the two sets of sequencesmaxObtaining; and finally, obtaining the frequency modulation performance fraction K of every five minutes by the weighted average of the three. The correlation calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002377637120000081
Figure BDA0002377637120000082
SC＝max(σ(d))d＝[0,10s,20s,...,300s]
dmax＝argmax(σ(d))
Figure BDA0002377637120000083
K＝A·SD+B·SC+C·SP
wherein y (t) is the frequency modulation response power at the sampling time t; x (t) is a frequency modulation signal at a sampling time t;
Figure BDA0002377637120000084
rolling average value of the absolute value of the frequency modulation signal per hour; n is the number of sampling points in every five minutes, sampling is carried out once every ten seconds, and 30 sampling points are totally obtained;
Figure BDA0002377637120000085
and
Figure BDA0002377637120000086
are respectively [ d, d +5min]Average of response signal sample sequence and [0,5min ]]Average value of the frequency modulation signal sampling sequence; A. b and C are weighted average coefficients of the frequency modulation performance fraction K, and are both 1/3; wherein the expression of y (t) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002377637120000087
in order to make the frequency modulation auxiliary service provided by the flow shop meet the requirement of the power system, the frequency modulation spare capacity of the flow shop
Figure BDA0002377637120000088
Should be below a certain limit determined by the plant construction and equipment parameters, which can be determined experimentally.
The invention designs an automatic power generation control method, which is an optimal scheduling model of a factory automation flow shop, solves a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme aiming at receiving a frequency modulation signal sent by an AGC center at each moment by the flow shop, and aims to realize frequency modulation auxiliary service with qualified performance by controlling the start-stop time sequence of the production flow equipment, relieve the demand of a power grid on frequency modulation resources and save the production power consumption cost of the factory automation flow shop.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" for describing an association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may indicate: only A, only B and both A and B are present, wherein A and B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed method can be implemented in other ways.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (8)

1. An automatic power generation control method characterized by comprising:
acquiring the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment according to the limit value of the frequency modulation spare capacity and the frequency shortage of the power grid;
obtaining a production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme according to the proportion of each frequency modulation resource allocated at the next moment and an optimal scheduling model;
the objective function of the optimal scheduling model is as follows:
Figure FDA0003100796140000011
wherein E istRepresenting the absolute error between the actual power and the ideal power of the flow shop at the t-th moment; m represents the total number of production equipment in the flow shop; pi,tRepresenting the actual power of the production device i at the time t;
Figure FDA0003100796140000012
represents the baseline load of the plant at hour h or the total bid amount at hour h in a market environment;
Figure FDA0003100796140000013
indicating the frequency modulation spare capacity of a factory in the h hour or the winning frequency modulation spare capacity in the h hour under the market environment;
Figure FDA0003100796140000014
representing AGC frequency modulation signals received by the flow shop at the t moment;
the actual power P of the production equipment i at the t momenti,tComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003100796140000015
wherein m isi,tThe method comprises the steps of representing the running state of production equipment i at the t-th moment, and simultaneously representing binary variables, wherein 1 represents that the equipment is in a processing state, and 0 represents that the equipment is in a standby state;
Figure FDA0003100796140000016
and
Figure FDA0003100796140000017
respectively representing the power of the production equipment i in an operating state and a standby state;
and the production equipment operates according to the obtained production equipment start-stop time sequence control scheme.
2. The automatic power generation control method according to claim 1, wherein the constraints of the optimal scheduling model include: maximum power constraints, production planning constraints, fm reserve capacity constraints, processing time constraints, workpiece inventory constraints, and fm performance constraints.
3. The automatic power generation control method according to claim 2, wherein the maximum power constraint is:
Figure FDA0003100796140000018
Figure FDA0003100796140000019
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003100796140000021
indicating the amount of electricity purchased by the plant at its baseline or in a market environment; pmaxRepresenting the actual maximum power utilization capacity of the factory; n is a radical ofmThe maximum production capacity of the finished products in the workshop within one hour, and n is the production capacity of the finished products in the workshop within one hour; beta is aiThe number of workpieces produced by the required consumption equipment i per unit of finished product is represented;
Figure FDA0003100796140000022
representing the minimum processing time of the equipment i.
4. The automatic power generation control method according to claim 2, wherein the production plan constraints are:
Figure FDA0003100796140000023
wherein N isDDaily planned production capacity for a flow shop factory.
5. The automatic power generation control method of claim 2, wherein the frequency modulated reserve capacity constraint is:
Figure FDA0003100796140000024
Figure FDA0003100796140000025
6. the automatic power generation control method according to claim 2, wherein the processing time constraint is:
Figure FDA0003100796140000026
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003100796140000027
indicating the length of time that the device i has been activated by the time t-1.
7. The automatic power generation control method according to claim 2, wherein the work piece inventory constraint is:
Figure FDA0003100796140000028
Figure FDA0003100796140000029
Figure FDA00031007961400000210
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00031007961400000211
and
Figure FDA00031007961400000212
respectively, representing the change of state of the device i at time t, as a binary variable,
Figure FDA00031007961400000213
and
Figure FDA00031007961400000214
a value of 1 indicates that the machine i starts and ends at time t,
Figure FDA00031007961400000215
and
Figure FDA00031007961400000216
0 indicates other conditions, respectively; si,tThe storage capacity of the workpieces produced by the equipment i in the production line at the end of time t; si,t-1Is the amount of memory at the last moment,
Figure FDA00031007961400000217
in the increment of the current time of day,
Figure FDA0003100796140000031
indicating the consumption of the workpiece when other equipment starts to process; diA set of downstream device numbers representing device i.
8. The automatic power generation control method of claim 2, wherein the frequency modulation performance constraint is:
Kh≥Kmin＝0.75
Khindicating the frequency modulation performance, KminIndicating the minimum value of the frequency modulation performance.
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