CN111145633B - Urban road hazardous chemical transport poison gas leakage diffusion risk potential map construction method - Google Patents
Urban road hazardous chemical transport poison gas leakage diffusion risk potential map construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map for urban road hazardous chemical transport, which comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining leakage source information and leakage diffusion area information; drawing a wind direction graph according to the acquired historical wind direction and wind speed data information of the leakage area; dividing grids of the toxic gas diffusion area according to the fact and calculating the toxic gas concentration of the grid points; calculating the maximum value of the toxic gas concentration of each grid point under the combined action of a plurality of wind directions and drawing a toxic gas diffusion concentration distribution diagram; drawing a population density distribution map of a toxic gas leakage diffusion area by reflecting population distribution conditions through building distribution; and finally, drawing a toxic gas leakage and diffusion risk potential map. The invention considers the uncertainty of wind and reflects population distribution through building distribution to construct a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map, accurately masters the atmospheric diffusion range after toxic gas leakage and analyzes the toxic gas leakage diffusion influence degree, and provides a scientific assessment method for the toxic gas leakage diffusion risk of road hazardous chemical transport.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of public safety risk assessment, relates to a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map construction method, and particularly relates to a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map construction method for urban road hazardous chemical transport.
Background
With the rapid development of chemical industry, vehicles with dangerous chemicals run in cities in large quantities, and the probability of toxic gas leakage accidents is improved. In recent years, urban road dangerous chemical transport leakage diffusion accidents often occur, and every accident can seriously threaten the life and property safety of residents in a diffusion area and the normal operation of each activity. Therefore, in order to minimize casualties and property loss, it is necessary to quickly and accurately grasp the diffusion range and influence degree of toxic gas after the toxic gas leakage and diffusion accident occurs.
Investigation finds that in the transportation process of dangerous chemical vehicle, the place where the toxic gas leakage diffusion accident occurs has great uncertainty, and the wind condition of the region where the diffusion accident occurs is not determined at different time, so that the toxic gas diffusion range cannot be determined, and the diffusion range of the toxic gas after the toxic gas leakage diffusion accident occurs cannot be rapidly and accurately mastered. For the risk of toxic gas leakage and diffusion, the population distribution condition of a diffusion area is an important influence factor, and for the influence degree after toxic gas diffusion, casualties are an important reference, so that the influence degree after the toxic gas leakage and diffusion accident happens can be better mastered by clearly knowing the population distribution condition of the diffusion area. However, the existing city population base is large, population flow changes greatly, the result obtained by constructing the toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map directly based on population distribution is inaccurate, population distribution data is not easy to obtain, buildings are fixed, and the building distribution is relatively easy to obtain, so that the population density distribution is reflected through the building distribution, and further, the research on toxic gas leakage diffusion risks is more practical. Therefore, the uncertainty of wind is considered, the population distribution is reflected through the building distribution to construct a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map, the atmospheric diffusion range after toxic gas leakage is accurately mastered, the toxic gas leakage diffusion influence degree is comprehensively analyzed, emergency response is rapidly made after an accident occurs, and it is important to formulate a scientific, reasonable and targeted coping scheme.
Through a large amount of literature and relevant data research, most scholars conduct toxic gas leakage diffusion research based on a gas diffusion analysis model, and in the gas diffusion analysis model, wind is a key factor influencing the diffusion influence range of leaked substances. Research finds that most researchers study on specific meteorological conditions such as main wind in a certain area, and researchers study on real-time change of wind, and consider various wind conditions simultaneously, so that few researches are needed for rapidly and accurately mastering the diffusion range of toxic gas after a toxic gas leakage diffusion accident occurs. However, in the actual situation, the wind direction and the wind speed in a specific area change at any time, and the time of the toxic gas leakage accident is uncertain, so that the multi-wind direction and the wind speed are considered simultaneously, and it is necessary to quickly and accurately grasp the diffusion range of the toxic gas after the toxic gas leakage diffusion accident occurs. For the toxic gas leakage and diffusion risks on urban roads, research finds that population casualties are directly related to population distribution, the population distribution situation is an important factor which cannot be ignored, and most scholars for risk assessment based on the population distribution situation have a lot of, but most scholars assume that the population distribution situation in a research area is not changed, which is not consistent with the actual characteristic that the urban population flow changes greatly, so that the problem is worthy of further deep consideration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a construction method of a toxic gas leakage and diffusion risk potential map for urban road hazardous chemical transport, which considers the multi-wind-direction wind speed simultaneously, and reflects population distribution through building distribution to construct the toxic gas leakage and diffusion risk potential map, so that the range and the influence degree of toxic gas leakage and diffusion are determined quickly and accurately, the life safety of accident sites and surrounding personnel is ensured to the maximum extent, and the damage and the loss caused by accidents are reduced to the maximum extent.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a construction method of an urban road hazardous chemical transport poison gas leakage diffusion risk potential map is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring leakage source information including the type of leaked toxic gas, the position of a leakage source, the height of the leakage source and the source intensity; the height of the leakage source is the height H of the leakage source from the ground, and the unit is m; the source intensity is the leakage quantity Q in unit time and the unit mg/s;
step 2: acquiring leakage diffusion area information comprising a leakage diffusion area range, a leakage diffusion area building geographic coordinate, a building population number and leakage diffusion area meteorological data; the leakage diffusion area meteorological data are leakage diffusion area annual wind direction, wind speed and day value data;
and step 3: drawing a wind direction graph of the toxic gas leakage diffusion area; the wind direction graph is a percentage value of each wind direction and wind speed which are averaged and counted for a plurality of years according to the toxic gas leakage diffusion area, is drawn according to a certain proportion, and is used for reflecting 3 important information of the wind direction, the wind direction frequency and the average wind speed of the leakage diffusion area;
and 4, step 4: dividing space area grids and calculating the concentration of toxic gas at the grid points;
and 5: drawing a toxic gas diffusion concentration distribution diagram;
step 6: drawing a population density distribution map of a toxic gas leakage diffusion area;
and 7: and (5) drawing a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map.
The invention discloses a construction method of a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map for urban road hazardous chemical transport, which considers the uncertain introduction of wind into the wind map, considers multiple wind directions, and carries out construction of the toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map by reflecting population distribution through building distribution, thereby rapidly and accurately determining the range and the influence degree of toxic gas leakage diffusion, ensuring the life safety of accident sites and surrounding personnel to the maximum extent and reducing the damage and loss caused by accidents to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of the area of the embodiment where the toxic gas diffuses;
FIG. 3 is a 1 × 1 rectangular grid division diagram of a part of the toxic gas diffusion area in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a wind direction diagram of the leakage diffusion area 16 in the present embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the concentration of diffusion of the poisoning gas in the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a population density distribution diagram of the toxic gas leakage diffusion area in the present embodiment;
fig. 7 is a potential diagram of risk of leakage and diffusion of toxic gas in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding and implementation of the present invention for those of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and are not restrictive thereof.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for constructing the urban road hazardous chemical transport poison gas leakage diffusion risk potential map provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring leakage source information including the type of leaked toxic gas, the position of a leakage source, the height of the leakage source and the source intensity;
in this embodiment, obtaining leakage source information includes: the type of the leaked toxic gas, the position of the leakage source, the height of the leakage source and the source intensity; the type of the leaked toxic gas, namely the specific toxic gas which is leaked, such as ammonia gas, chlorine gas or formaldehyde leakage, etc.; the position of the leakage source, namely the geographic coordinate of the leakage source, can be obtained through ArcGIS; the height of the leakage source, namely the height H, m of the leakage source from the ground; the source is strong, i.e. the amount Q, mg/s of leakage per unit time.
Please refer to fig. 2, which is an illustration of a poison gas diffusion area in this embodiment, assuming that a rollover accident of a liquid chlorine tanker occurs in the area, and the height H of the leakage source is 2.42m, and the source strength Q is 41044 mg/s.
Step 2: acquiring leakage diffusion area information comprising a leakage diffusion area range, a leakage diffusion area building geographic coordinate, a building population number and leakage diffusion area meteorological data;
in this embodiment, acquiring leakage diffusion area information includes: the range of the leakage diffusion area, the geographic coordinates of buildings in the leakage diffusion area, the number of people in the buildings and the meteorological data of the leakage diffusion area; a leakage diffusion area range, a Cartesian coordinate system is established by taking a leakage source as an original point, and a toxic gas diffusion area [ -xc, xc is determined according to the obtained leakage source information; -yc, yc ], in m; the geographic coordinates of buildings in the leakage diffusion area can be acquired through ArcGIS; for people in the buildings of the leakage diffusion area, urban buildings mainly comprise residential buildings, schools, shopping malls and hotels, residential population of the residential buildings are obtained through registration information of the residential population, the number of school people is obtained through field investigation, and the number of people in the shopping malls and the hotels is obtained through field investigation and the occupied area of the buildings; the method mainly comprises the steps of obtaining weather data of wind directions, wind speeds and daily values of all the years of the leakage diffusion area, and obtaining relevant basic information data of wind of all regions in China from a 'ground weather data' column of a national weather information center website (http:// data. cma. cn /) through statistics. In addition, the obtained wind information data, the geographic coordinates of buildings in the leakage diffusion areas and the population data in the buildings are respectively made into data files with certain formats, so that the later-stage data calling is facilitated.
In the embodiment, the geographic coordinates of the leakage point source (see the position of a thick line hollow circle in the center of fig. 2) and the geographic coordinates of the building in the leakage diffusion area can be obtained through ArcGIS; a Cartesian coordinate system is established by taking a leakage source as an origin, and a toxic gas diffusion area is [ -800, 800; 600, 600], in m.
And step 3: drawing a 16-trend graph of the toxic gas leakage diffusion area;
in this embodiment, the wind direction graph is drawn according to percentage values of each wind direction and wind speed calculated by averaging over a period of years in a certain area and according to a certain proportion, the invention uses Matlab software to draw a 16-direction wind direction graph according to the historical wind direction and wind speed daily value data of the leakage diffusion area obtained in step S2, and the drawn wind direction graph can reflect 3 important information of the wind direction, the wind direction frequency and the average wind speed of the leakage diffusion area.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a wind direction graph 16 drawn by Matlab software based on the daily data of wind direction and wind speed in 2018 of the leakage diffusion area 1998-.
And 4, step 4: dividing space area grids and calculating the concentration of toxic gas at the grid points;
in this embodiment, the toxic gas diffusion area is divided into meshes, which may be 0.5 × 0.5 rectangular meshes or 1 × 1 rectangular meshes, in order to improve the accuracy of the calculation result. In this embodiment, the toxic gas diffusion area is divided into 1 × 1 rectangular grids, please refer to fig. 3, which is a division diagram of a part of the toxic gas diffusion area 1 × 1 rectangular grids in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the toxic gas concentration at the grid points is calculated by using a gaussian diffusion model, and the formula is as follows:
wherein: q is the source intensity, i.e. the amount of leakage per unit time, mg/s; v is the average wind speed, m/s; h is the height of the point source, m; x, y and z are positions of grid points in a Gaussian diffusion coordinate system respectively, and m is the grid point; sigmay，σzDiffusion parameters in the y direction and the z direction are respectively expressed, are related to atmospheric stability and x, and the values can be determined according to an empirical formula provided by the technical method for formulating the local atmospheric pollutant emission standard (GB3840-91) of the national standard of China. In this embodiment, σy＝0.11x0.93，σz＝0.10x0.83。
In this embodiment, the following formula is introduced in the course of Matlab calculation using the gaussian diffusion model for toxic gas concentration:
xt＝x*cos(rotate(t))+y*sin(rotate(t))
yt＝-x*sin(rotate(t))+y*cos(rotate(t)) (2)
where rotate (t) is the tth wind direction angle, ° c; xt, yt are the positions of grid points in a Gaussian diffusion coordinate system in the downwind direction of t respectively, m; te N, te (1, 2, …, 16); x and y are positions in a 1 st wind direction Gaussian diffusion coordinate system, and m; the wind direction is anticlockwise positive, clockwise negative, the east wind (E) is the 1 st wind direction angle, namely rotate (1) is 0, 16 wind directions are calculated anticlockwise, and the wind directions are sequentially east wind (E), northeast (ENE), Northeast (NE), northeast (NNE), northern wind (N), northwest (NNW), Northwest (NW), northwest (WNW), west wind (W), southwest (WSW), Southwest (SW), southwest (SSW), southwest (S), southeast (SSE), Southeast (SE) and southeast (ESE), and the included angle between every two wind directions is pi/8; substituting xt and yt in the formula (2) into the formula (1) to replace x and y respectively to calculate the toxic gas concentration of the grid points under each wind direction.
And 5: drawing a toxic gas diffusion concentration distribution diagram;
in the embodiment, the maximum value of the toxic gas concentration of each grid point under the combined action of t wind directions is calculated through C (x, y), and a toxic gas diffusion concentration distribution diagram is drawn;
C(x，y)＝max([C1(x，y)，C2(x，y)，C3(x，y)，C4(x，y)，C5(x，y)，......，Ct(x，y)])
wherein, C1(x, y) is the diffusion concentration of toxic gas at all grid points under the 1 st wind direction, C2(x, y) -Ct (x, y) represent the toxic gas diffusion concentration at all grid points in wind directions 2-t, respectively, in mg/m3。
In this embodiment, the maximum toxic gas concentration at each grid point of the leakage diffusion region under the combined action of 16 wind directions
mg/m3(ii) a Fig. 5 is a graph showing the concentration of toxic gas diffusion in this example.
Step 6: drawing a population density distribution map of a toxic gas leakage diffusion area;
in the embodiment, the obtained geographic coordinates of the building in the leakage diffusion area are subjected to cartesian coordinate conversion, if the geographic coordinates of a certain building are (a, b) and the geographic coordinates of the leakage source are (p, q), the cartesian coordinates of the building are (a-p, b-q), a cartesian coordinate system is established by taking the leakage source as an origin, and the cartesian coordinates of the leakage source are (0, 0); and (x, y, r) is obtained by carrying out data processing on the Cartesian coordinates (x, y) of the buildings in the diffusion area and the obtained population number r in the corresponding buildings, and a data file with a certain format is made, so that the later-stage data can be called conveniently.
In the invention, in step S6, based on data (x, y, r) formed by cartesian coordinates and population numbers of the building, griddata function is called by Matlab software to interpolate and calculate population distribution of the leakage diffusion area, and a population density distribution map of the toxic gas leakage diffusion area is drawn; the calculated population density distribution R is:
wherein r ismnIs the population of grid points (m, n). FIG. 6 shows the toxic gas leakage expansion plotted in this exampleAnd (4) distributing the population density of scattered areas.
And 7: drawing a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map;
in the examples, the risk potential map is drawn by Matlab software, risk P calculation:
P＝C·R (4)
in the formula (4), C is a maximum toxic gas concentration value matrix of each grid point under the combined action of 16 wind directions, and R is a population density distribution matrix of a leakage diffusion area. Fig. 7 is a potential diagram of the toxic gas leakage diffusion risk plotted in this example.
It should be understood that the above description of the preferred embodiments is given for clarity and not for any purpose of limitation, and that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A construction method of an urban road hazardous chemical transport poison gas leakage diffusion risk potential map is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: acquiring leakage source information including the type of leaked toxic gas, the position of a leakage source, the height of the leakage source and the source intensity; the height of the leakage source is the height H of the leakage source from the ground, and the unit is m; the source intensity is the leakage quantity Q in unit time and the unit mg/s;
step 2: acquiring leakage diffusion area information comprising a leakage diffusion area range, a leakage diffusion area building geographic coordinate, a building population number and leakage diffusion area meteorological data; the leakage diffusion area meteorological data are leakage diffusion area annual wind direction, wind speed and day value data;
and step 3: drawing a wind direction graph of the toxic gas leakage diffusion area; the wind direction graph is a percentage value of each wind direction and wind speed which are averaged and counted for a plurality of years in the toxic gas leakage diffusion area, is drawn according to a certain proportion and is used for reflecting 3 important information of the wind direction, the wind direction frequency and the average wind speed in the leakage diffusion area;
and 4, step 4: dividing space area grids and calculating the concentration of toxic gas at the grid points;
wherein, the toxic gas concentration c (x, y, z) of the grid points is calculated by adopting a Gaussian diffusion model;
wherein: x, y and z are the positions of the grid points in the Gaussian diffusion coordinate system respectively and have the unit m; q is the source intensity, H is the leakage source height; v is the average wind speed in m/s; sigmay，σzRespectively representing diffusion parameters in the y direction and the z direction;
the grid points are respectively as follows at the positions xt and yt in a Gaussian diffusion coordinate system under the windward direction:
xt＝x*cos(rotate(t))+y*sin(rotate(t))
yt＝-x*sin(rotate(t))+y*cos(rotate(t)) (2)
where rotate (t) is the tth wind direction angle; xt, yt are the positions of the grid points in the Gaussian diffusion coordinate system under the t wind direction respectively, and the unit m is; te N, te (1, 2, …, 16);
assuming that in a wind direction 16 azimuth diagram, x and y are positions in a 1 st wind direction Gaussian diffusion coordinate system and are in a unit of m; the wind direction is anticlockwise positive, clockwise negative, the east wind E is the wind direction angle of the 1 st, namely, rotate (1) is 0, 16 wind directions are calculated anticlockwise and sequentially comprise east wind E, northeast ENE, northeast NE, northeast NNE, north wind N, northwest NNW, northwest NW, northwest WNW, west W, southwest west WSW, southwest SW, southwest SSW, south wind S, southeast SSE, southeast SE and southeast ESE, and the included angle of each two wind directions is pi/8; substituting xt and yt in the formula (2) into the formula (1) to respectively replace x and y to calculate the toxic gas concentration of the grid points under each wind direction;
and 5: drawing a toxic gas diffusion concentration distribution diagram;
calculating the maximum value of the toxic gas concentration of each grid point under the combined action of t wind directions through C (x, y), and drawing a toxic gas diffusion concentration distribution diagram;
C(x，y)＝max([C1(x，y)，C2(x，y)，C3(x，y)，C4(x，y)，C5(x，y)，......，Ct(x，y)])
wherein, C1(x, y) is the diffusion concentration of toxic gas at all grid points under the 1 st wind direction, C2(x，y)～Ct(x, y) represents the toxic gas diffusion concentration of all grid points under the wind directions from 2 nd to t th in unit of mg/m3；
Step 6: drawing a population density distribution map of a toxic gas leakage diffusion area;
calculating population distribution of a leakage diffusion area based on data (x, y, r) formed by Cartesian coordinates and population numbers of a building, and drawing a population density distribution map of the toxic gas leakage diffusion area; the calculated population density distribution R is:
wherein r ismnThe population number of grid points (m, n);
and 7: drawing a toxic gas leakage diffusion risk potential map;
in the 7, drawing a risk potential graph, wherein the calculation formula of the risk P is as follows:
P＝C·R (4)
wherein C is a maximum toxic gas concentration value matrix of each grid point under the combined action of t wind directions, and R is a population density distribution matrix of the leakage diffusion area.
2. The method for constructing the urban road hazardous chemical transport poison gas leakage diffusion risk potential map according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 6, carrying out Cartesian coordinate conversion on the obtained geographic coordinates of the buildings in the leakage diffusion area; assuming that the geographic coordinates of the building are (a, b) and the geographic coordinates of the leakage source are (p, q), the cartesian coordinates of the building are (a-p, b-q); establishing a Cartesian coordinate system by taking the leakage source as an original point, wherein the Cartesian coordinate of the leakage source is (0, 0); and (x, y, r) is obtained by carrying out data processing on the Cartesian coordinates (x, y) of the buildings in the diffusion area and the obtained population number r in the corresponding buildings.
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| CN112100299B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-03-04 | 四川大学 | Visualization method for emergency early warning of sudden toxic gas leakage |
| CN113962164B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-09-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Organic gas leakage diffusion real-time intelligent early warning method considering uncertainty reasoning |
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