CN111142017A - Breaker state diagnosis system and method - Google Patents
Breaker state diagnosis system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111142017A CN111142017A CN202010004748.4A CN202010004748A CN111142017A CN 111142017 A CN111142017 A CN 111142017A CN 202010004748 A CN202010004748 A CN 202010004748A CN 111142017 A CN111142017 A CN 111142017A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0878—Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breaker state diagnosis system and a breaker state diagnosis method, wherein the system comprises test sensors distributed at the periphery of a breaker to be diagnosed, and can acquire radio frequency signals excited when the breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed; the method comprises the following steps: collecting radio frequency signals excited when the circuit breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed, and constructing a comparison array according to amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals; calculating a characteristic correlation coefficient of the comparison sequence and a pre-constructed reference sequence, wherein the reference sequence is constructed according to amplitude characteristics of radio frequency signals of known fault circuit breakers; calculating grey correlation degree according to the radio frequency signal characteristic correlation coefficient; and performing state diagnosis on the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the grey correlation degree. The invention can realize the on-line monitoring and evaluation of the circuit breaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a breaker state diagnosis system and a breaker state diagnosis method, and belongs to the technical field of breakers.
Background
At present, the construction of a national smart grid is fully developed, the intelligent process of equipment is accelerated, the time parameter of the circuit breaker is measured in a traditional off-line mode, the main detection methods comprise an electric stopwatch method, an oscilloscope method and a dynamic characteristic instrument method, and the electric service life method is mainly used for arc extinguishing characteristic detection. However, all current testing methods need to connect wires on a switch fracture, so all testing methods need to be powered off, the switch is quitted from operation, and online monitoring cannot be realized. In the actual operation of the circuit breaker, the electric power caused by the load current is involved in the opening and closing processes of the switch. When the breaker has certain defects, the results of the offline test can meet the relevant requirements, but the defects can be covered; in addition, the power failure time of the equipment is prolonged, and the reliability of power supply of a power grid is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a breaker state diagnosis system and a breaker state diagnosis method, which can realize on-line monitoring of the breaker state.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the breaker state diagnosis system comprises test sensors and a host, wherein the test sensors are distributed around the breaker to be diagnosed and can acquire radio frequency signals excited when the breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed; the host can diagnose the state of the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the radio frequency signals collected by the test sensor.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the test sensor includes a 3 k-1.6 GHz dipole antenna.
In combination with the first aspect, the system further includes a user terminal, the user terminal is connected to the host through a USB cable, the user terminal is pre-stored with the machine account and the circuit breaker device management system of all circuit breakers administered by the user, and the user terminal can update the circuit breaker diagnosis result output by the host into the circuit breaker machine account and the circuit breaker device management system.
With reference to the first aspect, furthermore, labview test software is pre-installed on the host, and is capable of outputting and displaying a waveform corresponding to the radio frequency signal.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for diagnosing a state of a circuit breaker, the method comprising the steps of:
collecting radio frequency signals excited when the circuit breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed, and constructing a comparison array according to amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals;
calculating a characteristic correlation coefficient of the comparison sequence and a pre-constructed reference sequence, wherein the reference sequence is constructed according to amplitude characteristics of radio frequency signals of known fault circuit breakers;
calculating grey correlation degree according to the radio frequency signal characteristic correlation coefficient;
and performing state diagnosis on the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the grey correlation degree.
With reference to the second aspect, further, the method for constructing a comparison series includes the following steps:
extracting amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals, wherein the amplitude characteristics comprise an amplitude average value, an amplitude mean square value and an amplitude peak value;
and constructing a comparison sequence according to the amplitude characteristics:
Xi＝{xi(k)|k＝1,2,…,n}，i＝1，2，…，m； (1)
wherein: xiIs the ith comparison sequence, xi(k) A comparison series for the kth amplitude feature class of the ith comparison series; k is the ordinal number of the amplitude characteristic type, and n is the total number of the amplitude characteristic type; i is the number of comparison sequence, and m represents the total number of comparison sequence.
With reference to the second aspect, further, the characteristic correlation coefficient of the reference sequence and the comparison sequence is calculated according to formula (2):
wherein rho is within (0 and infinity) and is called a resolution coefficient, the smaller rho is less than or equal to the epsilon, the larger the resolution is, ξi(k) The characteristic correlation coefficient of the kth amplitude characteristic category of the ith comparison sequence, and y (k) is a reference sequence of the kth amplitude characteristic.
With reference to the second aspect, further, the gray correlation degree is calculated according to formula (3):
wherein: r isiThe gray correlation coefficient for the ith comparison sequence.
With reference to the second aspect, further, the method for performing the state diagnosis on the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the grey correlation degree includes:
and averaging the grey correlation degrees corresponding to various amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals, and comparing the averaged result with a preset threshold value to judge the state of the circuit breaker.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the circuit breaker is subjected to state diagnosis by collecting radio frequency signals excited when the circuit breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed, the circuit breaker is not required to be mechanically or electrically connected with the circuit breaker to be diagnosed during diagnosis, power failure is not required, online state diagnosis of the circuit breaker can be realized, and the operation is convenient and fast.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a circuit breaker state diagnostic system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for diagnosing a condition of a circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. testing the sensor; 2. a host; 3. a user terminal.
Detailed Description
The invention carries out non-contact test and performance evaluation on the characteristics of the circuit breaker based on the radio frequency signal characteristics. The technical principle is as follows: when the circuit breaker is switched on and off, the switching arc between the moving contact and the static contact can excite electromagnetic waves with very high frequency, and the electromagnetic wave signals can reflect the performance of the circuit breaker. In a porcelain-column switch, this electromagnetic wave will propagate all around through the electroceramic material. The radio frequency antennas are arranged around the porcelain column type switch to receive the electromagnetic wave, so that the non-contact measurement and evaluation of the switch performance are realized.
When the circuit breaker is switched on, the distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is gradually reduced, and when the tolerance of an SF6 medium between the contacts is lower than the voltage born between the movable contact and the fixed contact, the movable contact and the fixed contact can be broken down, so that electric arcs are generated. At the breakdown moment, the current between the moving contact and the static contact is rapidly increased, an abrupt change magnetic field is generated in the space, the magnetic field further excites an abrupt change electric field, the electric field further excites an abrupt change magnetic field, and a radio frequency signal is excited in the space through reciprocating circulation. After breakdown occurs, electric arcs generated between the moving contact and the static contact are good conductors, current change in the electric arcs is close to power frequency current, and the electric arcs are naturally extinguished at zero-crossing points, so that high-frequency radio frequency signals cannot be excited. Therefore, when the high-voltage development is switched on, the radio frequency signal is only excited once, and the radio frequency signal is not sent out during the subsequent arc combustion.
If an antenna is arranged around the porcelain column type switch, the three-phase synchronization, namely the mechanical performance test of the circuit breaker can be realized by measuring the time difference of arrival of three electromagnetic pulses.
When the switch performance is insufficient, the arc extinguishing speed is reduced, a plurality of electromagnetic wave signals can be excited in the switching-on and switching-off process, and the arc extinguishing performance of the switch can be evaluated through the number and duration of the electromagnetic wave signals tested in the switching-on and switching-off process.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, a circuit breaker state diagnosis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a test sensor and a host. The test sensors are distributed around the circuit breaker to be diagnosed and can acquire radio frequency signals excited when the circuit breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed; the host can diagnose the state of the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the radio frequency signals collected by the test sensor.
In the embodiment of the invention, a dipole antenna of 3kHz-1.6GHz is selected as the test sensor, the gain of an amplifier is 30dB, the trap wave processing is carried out near 800MHz so as to eliminate the interference of mobile phone signals on measurement, a Tak oscilloscope is used for acquiring and recording signals, the sampling frequency is 1GHz, and the coupling bandwidth is 1 GHz. The host computer is pre-installed with NI-Labview software.
For the diagnosis system, the operation method of the radio frequency signal characteristic measurement of the opening and closing of the circuit breaker is as follows:
1) mounting a sensor on a bracket, wherein the receiving surface of the sensor faces to a switch to be tested;
2) the sensor is connected with the input end of the host test unit by using radio frequency wires, and the host is connected with the user terminal by a USB wire, so that the host finishes the state diagnosis of the circuit breaker to be tested. The user terminal is internally pre-stored with the machine account of all the circuit breakers administered by the company and the circuit breaker equipment management system, and the diagnosis result of the host can be updated into the machine account of the circuit breaker and the circuit breaker equipment management system. The user terminal can be a tablet computer.
3) And (4) starting the test software, setting the trigger value to be 0, and automatically triggering the system at the moment. Clicking a 'start measurement' button, collecting a current noise signal, and determining a current noise amplitude;
4) clicking the 'trigger value' to adjust the trigger value (generally 1.5 times of the maximum amplitude of the noise) by referring to the current noise amplitude; clicking the 'start measurement', if data needs to be saved, clicking a 'save data' button, and activating a data saving state;
5) and (5) after the test is finished, exiting the software.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for diagnosing a state of a circuit breaker, which can be implemented by using the circuit breaker state diagnostic system, and includes the following steps:
step one, extracting the radio frequency signal characteristics:
1) extracting the average value of the amplitude of the radio frequency signal, wherein the average value can describe the stable component of the radio frequency signal, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: n is the total number of the collected radio frequency signal amplitudes,
is the average value, x, of the amplitude of the radio frequency signali(t) the amplitude of the radio frequency signal detected at time t; i is the amplitude ordinal number of the acquired radio frequency signal, i is 1,2, …, N.
2) Extracting the mean square value of the amplitude of the radio frequency signal, wherein the mean square value and the effective value are both used for describing the energy of the radio frequency signal, the mean square value and the effective value are the statistical average of the second moment of the signal, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: xrmsIs the mean square value of the amplitude of the radio frequency signal.
3) Extracting peak amplitude value, usually peak value X, of collected signalpRefers to the unimodal maximum of the vibration waveform:
in the total length of a radio frequency signal sample, 10 numbers with the maximum absolute value are found, and the arithmetic mean value of the 10 numbers is used as the peak value Xp。
Secondly, calculating a grey correlation value representing fault probability:
1) determining an analysis series
A reference series of evaluation circuit breaker status characteristics and a comparison series of impact system behavior are determined. The data sequence reflecting the behavior characteristics of the system is called a reference sequence. In the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, n amplitude characteristics of the known fault circuit breaker are set as reference number sequences (also called mother sequences), and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Y＝{y(k)|k＝1，2，…，n}；
wherein: y is a reference number sequence, k is an ordinal number of the amplitude feature type, n is a total number of the amplitude feature type, and n is 3, and Y (k) is a reference number sequence of the kth amplitude feature in the embodiment of the present invention.
The amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals of the circuit breaker to be evaluated are used as a comparison number series (also called subsequence), and the comparison number series specifically comprises the following steps:
Xi＝{xi(k)|k＝1,2,…,n}，i＝1，2，…，m； (1)
wherein: xiIs the ith comparison sequence, xi(k) A comparison series for the kth amplitude feature class of the ith comparison series; i is the number of comparison sequence, and m represents the total number of comparison sequence.
The test data suggests taking more than 10 test points.
2) Calculating the radio frequency signal characteristic correlation coefficient of the transformer to be evaluated and the fault transformer:
the correlation coefficient calculation formula of the reference sequence and the comparison sequence is as follows.
Note deltai(k)＝|y(k)-xi(k) I, then
Wherein: ρ ∈ (0, ∞), called the resolution factor. The smaller the rho is, the larger the resolution is, the smaller the rho isThe value interval of rho is (0,1), the specific value can be determined according to the situation, when rho is less than or equal to 0.5463, the resolution is best, and the values of rho is 0.5 and ξi(k) Feature correlation coefficients for the kth amplitude feature class of the ith comparison sequence.
3) Calculating a relevance value
Since the correlation coefficient is the correlation degree value of the comparison array and the reference array at each time or condition, the number of the correlation coefficient is more than one, and the information is too scattered to be convenient for overall comparison. Therefore, it is necessary to collect the correlation coefficients at each time or condition as one value, that is, to obtain the average value thereof, and it is also possible to give weights to the correlation coefficients at each condition to obtain the degree of correlation thereof, which is expressed as the number of degrees of correlation between the comparison sequence and the reference sequence, and the degree of correlation r is obtained by taking the average value as an exampleiThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: r isiThe gray correlation coefficient for the ith comparison sequence.
According to the meaning of the grey correlation theory, the obtained correlation degree is in positive correlation with the fault probability, the grey correlation values of 3 kinds of amplitude characteristic data of the radio frequency signals are respectively calculated, and the mean value is taken as the fault probability evaluation index.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention acquires the on-line radio frequency signal characteristics of the circuit breaker during opening and closing by a radio frequency method, including the frequency characteristics, amplitude characteristics and time interval characteristics of the radio frequency signals emitted by the circuit breaker during the opening and closing processes, and further constructs and acquires the correlation value between the signal characteristics and fault equipment by a grey correlation theory, thereby realizing the method for on-line monitoring and evaluation of the circuit breaker equipment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The circuit breaker state diagnosis system is characterized by comprising test sensors and a host, wherein the test sensors are distributed at the periphery of a circuit breaker to be diagnosed and can acquire radio frequency signals excited when the circuit breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed; the host can diagnose the state of the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the radio frequency signals collected by the test sensor.
2. The circuit breaker condition diagnostic system of claim 1, wherein the test sensor comprises a 3 k-1.6 GHz dipole antenna.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a user terminal, wherein the user terminal is connected to the host through a USB cable, the user terminal is pre-stored with accounts of all circuit breakers administered by the user and the circuit breaker device management system, and the user terminal can update the circuit breaker diagnosis result output by the host to the circuit breaker accounts and the circuit breaker device management system.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the host computer is pre-installed with Labview testing software capable of outputting and displaying waveforms corresponding to the RF signals.
5. The circuit breaker condition diagnostic system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the host computer is pre-installed with LabVIEW test software.
6. A method of diagnosing a condition of a circuit breaker, the method comprising the steps of:
collecting radio frequency signals excited when the circuit breaker to be diagnosed is opened and closed, and constructing a comparison array according to amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals;
calculating a characteristic correlation coefficient of the comparison sequence and a pre-constructed reference sequence, wherein the reference sequence is constructed according to amplitude characteristics of radio frequency signals of known fault circuit breakers;
calculating grey correlation degree according to the radio frequency signal characteristic correlation coefficient;
and performing state diagnosis on the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the grey correlation degree.
7. The circuit breaker state diagnostic method of claim 6, wherein the method of constructing the comparison series comprises the steps of:
extracting amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals, wherein the amplitude characteristics comprise an amplitude average value, an amplitude mean square value and an amplitude peak value;
and constructing a comparison sequence according to the amplitude characteristics:
Xi＝{xi(k)|k＝1,2,…,n}，i＝1，2，…，m； (1)
wherein: xiIs the ith comparison sequence, xi(k) A comparison series for the kth amplitude feature class of the ith comparison series; k is the ordinal number of the amplitude characteristic type, and n is the total number of the amplitude characteristic type; i is the number of comparison sequence, and m represents the total number of comparison sequence.
8. The breaker state diagnostic method according to claim 7, wherein the characteristic correlation coefficient of the reference number series and the comparison number series is calculated according to formula (2):
wherein rho is within (0 and infinity) and is called a resolution coefficient, the smaller rho is less than or equal to the epsilon, the larger the resolution is, ξi(k) The characteristic correlation coefficient of the kth amplitude characteristic category of the ith comparison sequence, and y (k) is a reference sequence of the kth amplitude characteristic.
9. The breaker state diagnostic method of claim 8, wherein the gray correlation is calculated according to equation (3):
wherein: r isiAre the grey correlation coefficients for the ith comparison sequence.
10. The circuit breaker state diagnosis method according to claim 6, wherein the method for performing state diagnosis on the circuit breaker to be diagnosed according to the grey correlation degree comprises the following steps:
and averaging the grey correlation degrees corresponding to various amplitude characteristics of the radio frequency signals, and comparing the averaged result with a preset threshold value to judge the state of the circuit breaker.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20200512 |